A stepped drive arrangement

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of demonstration teaching aids, and more particularly to a stepped drive device, comprising a fixed frame, a track assembly mounted on the fixed frame, a trolley mounted on the track assembly, and a sensing device and a speed detection device mounted on the outside of the track assembly; a support fixedly mounted below the fixed frame, and a stepped permanent magnet assembly and a magnetic field transition unit mounted on the inside of the support for driving the trolley to move along the track assembly; the stepped permanent magnet assembly includes a first gradient magnetic field and a second gradient magnetic field arranged sequentially along the direction of trolley movement, both of which are composed of multiple permanent magnets of the same specification, and in a single gradient magnetic field, the number of permanent magnets stacked along the direction perpendicular to the fixed frame increases in a stepped manner; the magnetic field transition unit includes a magnetically adjustable electromagnet disposed between the two gradient magnetic fields; and a speed detection device is mounted at the end of the track assembly, thereby realizing real-time monitoring and demonstration of the trolley's movement state in the stepped changing magnetic field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of demonstration teaching aids technology, and in particular to a stepped drive device. Background Technology

[0002] Experimental equipment is used to visualize abstract theoretical knowledge, making it easier for students to understand and truly master the theory. However, there are many types of physics experiments, especially those demonstrating magnetism, each showcasing different effects of magnetism. Yet, there are relatively few devices available for demonstrating magnetism, and the functions of these devices are often quite limited.

[0003] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes a stepped drive device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a stepped drive device to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a stepped drive device, including a fixed frame, a stepped permanent magnet assembly with an increasing magnetic field is arranged below the fixed frame, a track assembly is arranged above the fixed frame, and a trolley is arranged on the track assembly. The stepped permanent magnet assembly includes a gradient magnetic field, and a magnetic field transition unit is arranged at the end of the gradient magnetic field.

[0006] The magnetic field transition unit includes a controllable electromagnet and a position sensing device. The electromagnet and the gradient magnetic field have the same magnetic field direction, and the magnetic force of the electromagnet is greater than the end magnetic force of the gradient magnetic field. The position sensing device includes a sensing switch installed above the fixed frame.

[0007] Furthermore, the gradient magnetic field includes permanent magnets arranged in ascending order of magnetic field size along the direction of the trolley's movement.

[0008] Furthermore, a stepped permanent magnet assembly is provided behind the magnetic field transition unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the gradient magnetic field permanent magnet and electromagnet are mounted on a magnet mounting bracket, which is slidably mounted at the bottom of the fixed frame via a height adjustment component.

[0010] Furthermore, the height adjustment assembly includes a height positioning plate fixedly connected to the fixing frame, a guide rod slidably disposed on the magnet mounting frame, and a threaded drive rod threadedly engaged with the magnet mounting frame. The threaded drive rod is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the magnet mounting frame and rotatably connected to the height positioning plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the magnet mounting bracket is equipped with a spacing adjustment device, which includes a slide rail fixedly mounted inside the magnet mounting bracket, a slider mounted on the slide rail, a permanent magnet connected to the slide rail via the slider, a scissor mechanism between the sliders, permanent magnets in a single gradient magnetic field being connected via the scissor mechanism, and permanent magnets between two gradient magnetic fields being connected via a fixed-length rod; a spacing adjustment plate slidably connected to the magnet mounting bracket is provided at the front end of the device, and the spacing adjustment plate is fixedly connected to the first permanent magnet of the first gradient magnetic field.

[0012] Furthermore, the track assembly includes track one, track two, and track three. Track one is a straight track, track two includes a limiting section and an extension section along the direction of trolley movement, and track three is a circular track. Different tracks correspond to different magnet mounting brackets.

[0013] Furthermore, an electromagnet is installed at the junction of the second limiting section and the extension section of the track corresponding to the magnet mounting frame. The electromagnet is fixedly connected to the rear gradient magnetic field through a fixed-length rod. The electromagnet is slidably connected to the magnet mounting frame through a steering adjustment rod. The permanent magnet in the second magnetic field is slidably connected to the magnet mounting frame through a transverse slide rod.

[0014] Furthermore, the trolley includes a body that can be attracted by a magnetic field and rolling wheels disposed at the bottom of the body. The rolling wheels are rubber wheels, the front wheels of the trolley are omnidirectional wheels, and the rear wheels are directional wheels; and the cross-sectional dimensions of the trolley body correspond to the cross-sectional dimensions of a single permanent magnet.

[0015] Furthermore, the position sensing device is disposed above the fixed frame. The position sensing device includes a front-end sensor and a rear-end sensor that are spaced apart along the direction of the trolley's movement. The front-end sensor is disposed at the end position of the corresponding gradient magnetic field, and the rear-end sensor is disposed on the center line of the corresponding electromagnet.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: A stepped drive device includes a fixed frame, a track assembly mounted on the fixed frame, a trolley mounted on the track assembly, a position sensing device and a speed detection device mounted on the outside of the track assembly; a support is fixedly mounted below the fixed frame, and a stepped permanent magnet assembly and a magnetic field transition unit are mounted inside the support for driving the trolley to move along the track assembly; by mounting a stepped permanent magnet assembly composed of permanent magnets below the fixed frame, the magnetic force changes in a stepped manner along the direction of trolley movement, driving the trolley to move continuously under non-contact conditions, thus realizing a direct demonstration of the magnetic force change process. By separating the first gradient magnetic field and the second gradient magnetic field and introducing a magnetic field transition unit between them, a larger magnetic field is generated when the electromagnet is turned on, causing the trolley to be attracted and move away from the maximum magnetic field region of the permanent magnet and move in a predetermined direction; after the trolley completely enters the electromagnet's operating range, the power supply to the electromagnet is cut off, and the trolley continues to move under inertia, smoothly entering the magnetic field region of the permanent magnet assembly. This allows the trolley to smoothly complete the switching between different magnetic field regions, ensuring the continuity and stability of the demonstration process. Combined with a position sensing device and a speed detection device, it realizes the corresponding display of magnetic field changes and trolley motion state, making the experimental results both intuitive and repeatable. It has a simple structure and rich functions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall device; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall implementation of Example 2; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 3; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 4; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the permanent magnet installation position in Example 4; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall implementation of Example 5; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Example 5; Figure 8 for Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Fixed frame; 11. Trolley; 12. Track 1; 13. Track 2; 14. Speed ​​sensor; 15. Bracket; 16. Shock absorber; 2. First gradient magnetic field; 21. Second gradient magnetic field; 22. Screw; 3. Electromagnet; 31. Front sensor; 32. Rear sensor; 33. Steering adjustment rod; 34. Stepper motor; 4. Magnet mounting bracket; 41. Spacing adjustment rod; 42. Spacing adjustment plate; 43. Slider; 44. Slide rail; 45. Scissor mechanism; 5. Height positioning plate; 51. Height adjustment rod; 52. Bevel gear; 53. Guide rod; 54. Threaded drive rod; 6. Annular surface; 61. Fixed seat; 62. Sensor group; 7. Railcar; 71. Track 3; 72. Railcar mounting bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses a stepped drive device, including a fixed frame 1, with a bracket 15 fixed below the fixed frame 1. The fixed frame 1 is made of a non-ferromagnetic material. A track 12 is fixedly installed on the fixed frame 1, and a trolley 11 is slidably installed on the track 12. The track 12 limits the movement of the trolley 11. The wheels of the trolley 11 are made of rubber, and the body of the trolley 11 is made of a metal material that can be attracted by a magnet. A speed sensor 14 is installed near the end of the track 12. A stepped permanent magnet assembly and a magnetic field transition unit are installed below the fixed frame 1, and a position sensing device and a speed detection device are installed above the fixed frame 1.

[0022] The stepped permanent magnet assembly includes a gradient magnetic field, which is composed of stacked individual permanent magnets of the same specification. Each permanent magnet has the same cross-sectional dimension as the trolley 11, and the magnets are arranged in a sequentially stacked manner with the same magnetic field direction from front to back, creating a gradient enhancement of magnetic force. Along the trolley's direction of movement, a first gradient magnetic field 2 and a second gradient magnetic field 21 are positioned below the track assembly. A magnetic field transition unit is installed between each pair of gradient magnetic fields. Both the first gradient magnetic field 2 and the second gradient magnetic field 21 are composed of the same gradient magnetic fields. Each unit permanent magnet in the stepped permanent magnet assembly is fixed by a screw 22, which is fixedly connected to the fixing frame 1. The unit permanent magnets in the first gradient magnetic field 2 and the second gradient magnetic field 21 have the same specifications and are arranged in the same way. Furthermore, the second gradient magnetic field 21 is installed outside the magnetic field influence range of the first gradient magnetic field 2.

[0023] The magnetic field transition unit includes an electromagnet 3, which is installed between the first gradient magnetic field 2 and the second gradient magnetic field 21. The electromagnet 3 is fixedly connected to the bracket. The magnetic field direction of the electromagnet 3 is the same as that of the gradient magnetic field. The magnetic force of the electromagnet 3 is greater than the magnetic force at the end of the first gradient magnetic field 2.

[0024] A position sensing device is installed on the fixed frame above the electromagnet 3. The position sensing device is installed on the outside of the track 12. The position sensing device includes a front infrared sensor 31 and a rear infrared sensor 32. The front infrared sensor 31 is installed on the center line of the last permanent magnet of the first gradient magnetic field 2, and the rear infrared sensor 32 is installed on the center line of the electromagnet 3.

[0025] A trolley 11 is placed on track 12. The trolley 11 moves forward under the magnetic force of the first gradient magnetic field 2. When it reaches the front infrared sensor 31, the electromagnet 3 is energized, generating a stronger magnetic force than the unit permanent magnet at the end of the first gradient magnetic field 2. After the trolley 11 moves above the electromagnet 3 and is detected by the rear infrared sensor 32, the electromagnet 3 is de-energized. The trolley 11 moves forward under inertia, leaving the magnetic field of the first gradient magnetic field 2. It enters the magnetic field range of the second gradient magnetic field 21 and is continued to be pushed forward by the permanent magnet. When the trolley 11 moves to the end of the second gradient magnetic field 21, it is attracted and stopped by the magnetic force of the second gradient magnetic field 21. The end speed of the trolley is detected when it passes the speed sensor 14.

[0026] Example 2 like Figure 2 and 8As shown, to demonstrate the effect of the distance between the magnet assembly and the bottom surface of the trolley on the speed of the trolley, a height adjustment device is installed below the fixed frame 1. The height adjustment device includes a magnet mounting frame 4 that is slidably installed at the bottom of the fixed frame 1. The magnet mounting frame 4 is installed on both sides of the stepped permanent magnet assembly and the magnetic field transition unit. The screw 22 of the stepped permanent magnet assembly is fixedly installed on the magnet mounting frame 4. The magnetic field transition unit is fixedly connected to the magnet mounting frame 4 by bolts.

[0027] A scale is installed at the end of the magnet mounting bracket 4, and the scale is fixedly connected to the magnet mounting bracket 4. The 0 mark of the scale coincides with the fixed bracket 1. A height adjustment assembly is installed below the magnet mounting bracket 4. The height adjustment assembly includes a height positioning plate 5, which is fixedly connected to the bracket 15. Guide rods 53 are installed at both ends of the magnet mounting bracket 4. Threaded drive rods 54 for driving the magnet mounting bracket 4 to rise and fall are rotatably installed on both sides at the middle position of the magnet mounting bracket 4. The threaded drive rods 54 are rotatably connected to the height positioning plate 5 through a rotating joint. A height adjustment rod 51 is installed at the bottom end of the threaded drive rod 54. A bevel gear 52 is installed between the height adjustment rod 51 and the threaded drive rod 54. The bevel gears 52 at the ends of the two threaded drive rods 54 rotate in the same direction. An adjustment handle is installed at the end of the height adjustment rod 51.

[0028] By rotating the adjustment handle, the height adjustment rod 51 is rotated. The height adjustment rod 51 is driven by the meshing of the bevel gear 52, which causes the two threaded drive rods 54 to rotate synchronously. During the rotation, the threaded drive rods 54 drive the magnet mounting bracket 4 to move up and down along the guide rod 53, thereby adjusting the distance between the magnet and the trolley 11. During the movement of the trolley 11, the end speed of the trolley 11 when it passes the speed sensor 14 at different distances is recorded, thus demonstrating the influence of the distance between the magnet and the trolley on the speed of the trolley.

[0029] Example 3 like Figure 3 As shown, to demonstrate the effect of the spacing between permanent magnets on the speed of the trolley, a spacing adjustment device is installed on the magnet mounting frame 4. The spacing adjustment device includes a slide rail 44 installed inside the magnet mounting frame 4. A slider 43 is slidably installed on the slide rail 44, and the permanent magnet is fixedly installed on the slider 43. The sliders 43 at both ends of the permanent magnet are symmetrical to the permanent magnet. The permanent magnets in each unit are fixedly connected by screws 22. A scissor mechanism 45 is installed between the sliders 43. A spacing adjustment plate 42 is installed at the front end of the first gradient magnetic field 2. The spacing adjustment plate 42 is slidably connected to the magnet mounting frame 4 and fixedly connected to the first permanent magnet of the first gradient magnetic field 2. A spacing adjustment rod 41 is installed in front of the spacing adjustment plate 42. The spacing adjustment rod 41 can be a threaded rod or an electric push rod.

[0030] Electromagnet 3 is fixedly installed on magnet mounting bracket 4. The slider 43 of the permanent magnet at the end of the second gradient magnetic field 21 is fixedly installed on slide rail 44. The first gradient magnetic field 2 and the second gradient magnetic field 21 are fixedly connected by a fixed-length rod. The distance between the first gradient magnetic field 2 and the second gradient magnetic field 21 is fixed by the fixed-length rod to ensure that the second gradient magnetic field 21 is outside the magnetic force range of the first gradient magnetic field 2.

[0031] The drive spacing adjustment rod 41 pushes the spacing adjustment plate 42 to move along the magnet mounting bracket 4. The spacing adjustment plate 42 drives the first permanent magnet of the first gradient magnetic field 2 to move. Under the action of the scissor mechanism 45, each slider 43 moves synchronously along the slide rail 44, thereby changing the spacing between the permanent magnets. During the movement of the trolley 11, the end speed of the trolley 11 when passing the speed sensor 14 is recorded at different permanent magnet spacings, thus demonstrating the influence of the spacing between the permanent magnets on the speed of the trolley.

[0032] Example 4 like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in order to achieve the steering of the trolley 11, a second track 13 is installed on the fixed frame 1. The second track 13 is divided into two parts. The front part of the second track 13 is narrower and serves as a guide and limiter. The rear part of the second track 13 is wider. The front wheel of the trolley 11 is a swivel wheel and the rear wheel is a fixed wheel. A shock-absorbing device 16 is installed at the tail end of the second track 13. The shock-absorbing device 16 can be a spring or a damping rod. The end of the shock-absorbing device 16 is above the permanent magnet at the end of the second gradient magnetic field 21.

[0033] A magnet mounting bracket 4, matching the structure of track two, is slidably installed on the bottom support 15 of the fixed bracket 1. A first gradient magnetic field 2 is fixedly installed on the magnet mounting bracket 4, and a second gradient magnetic field 21 is slidably installed. The second gradient magnetic field 21 is connected to the magnet mounting bracket 4 via a sliding rod. A steering control device is installed between the first gradient magnetic field 2 and the second gradient magnetic field 21. The steering control device includes an electromagnet 3 slidably installed on the magnet mounting bracket, a steering adjustment rod 33, and a stepper motor 34. The steering adjustment rod 33 is a screw, rotatably mounted on the magnet mounting bracket. The stepper motor 34 is fixedly installed on the magnet mounting bracket 4, and its drive end is fixedly connected to the steering adjustment rod 33. The second gradient magnetic field 21 is fixedly connected to the electromagnet 3. A front-end sensor 31 and a rear-end sensor 32 are installed on the outer side of the second track 13 above the fixed frame 1. The front-end sensor 31 is installed on the center line of the permanent magnet of the end unit of the first gradient magnetic field 2, and the rear-end sensor 32 is installed on the center line of the electromagnet 3.

[0034] In use, the electromagnet 3 and the second gradient magnetic field 21 are first adjusted to a preset position using the steering adjustment rod 33 and the stepper motor 34. When the front sensor 31 detects that the trolley 11 has reached the end position of the first gradient magnetic field 2, it transmits a signal to the control system to energize the electromagnet 3, which then attracts the trolley 11 to the preset position. After the rear sensor 32 detects that the trolley 11 has reached the preset position, the electromagnet 3 is de-energized, and the second gradient magnetic field 2 drives the trolley 11 forward again. When the trolley 11 reaches the end of the second gradient magnetic field 2, it contacts the shock absorption device 16 before stopping due to magnetic attraction. The shock absorption device 16 prevents the impact on the device caused by the trolley's sudden braking under inertia, ensuring the stability and safety of the trolley and the device as a whole.

[0035] Example 5 like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, to drive the rotation of the railcar 7, the railcar 7 is mounted on an insulating annular surface 6. A fixing seat 61 is installed below the annular surface 6 to fix the device. An annular track 71 is installed between the annular surface 6 and the railcar 7. The railcar 7 is slidably connected to the track 71, and multiple railcars 7 are equidistantly installed on the track 71. The multiple railcars 7 are fixedly connected by a railcar mounting frame 72. A limiting shaft is fixedly installed below the railcar mounting frame 72, and the railcar mounting frame 72 is rotatably connected to the fixing seat 61 through the shaft.

[0036] A first gradient magnetic field 2 and an electromagnet 3 are fixedly installed below the annular surface 6. The permanent magnets of each unit in the first gradient magnetic field 2 are circumferentially and equally spaced below the annular surface 6, and the number of permanent magnets in each unit increases sequentially along the circumferential direction. An electromagnet 3 is installed between the unit with the largest magnetic force and the unit with the smallest magnetic force. A sensor group 62 is fixedly installed above the annular surface 6. The sensor group 62 is installed on both sides of the electromagnet 3. When the railcar 7 passes through the sensor group 62 in sequence under magnetic drive, the electromagnet 3 is controlled to turn on and off, so as to realize the rotational movement of the railcar 7.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stepped drive device, comprising a fixed frame, a stepped permanent magnet assembly with an increasing magnetic field arranged below the fixed frame, a track assembly arranged above the fixed frame, and a trolley arranged on the track assembly, characterized in that, The stepped permanent magnet assembly includes a gradient magnetic field, and a magnetic field transition unit is provided at the end of the gradient magnetic field. The magnetic field transition unit includes a controllable electromagnet and a position sensing device. The electromagnet and the gradient magnetic field have the same magnetic field direction, and the magnetic force of the electromagnet is greater than the end magnetic force of the gradient magnetic field. The position sensing device includes a sensing switch installed above the fixed frame.

2. The stepped drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gradient magnetic field includes permanent magnets arranged in ascending order of magnetic field along the direction of the trolley's movement.

3. The stepped drive device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A stepped permanent magnet assembly is installed behind the magnetic field transition unit.

4. A stepped drive device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gradient magnetic field permanent magnet and electromagnet are mounted on a magnet mounting bracket, which is slidably mounted at the bottom of the fixed frame via a height adjustment component.

5. A stepped drive device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The height adjustment assembly includes a height positioning plate fixedly connected to the fixed frame, a guide rod slidably disposed on the magnet mounting frame, and a threaded drive rod threadedly engaged with the magnet mounting frame. The threaded drive rod is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the magnet mounting frame and rotatably connected to the height positioning plate.

6. A stepped drive device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The magnet mounting bracket is equipped with a spacing adjustment device, which includes a slide rail fixedly mounted inside the magnet mounting bracket, a slider mounted on the slide rail, a permanent magnet connected to the slide rail via the slider, a scissor mechanism between the sliders, permanent magnets in a single gradient magnetic field being connected via the scissor mechanism, and permanent magnets between two gradient magnetic fields being connected via a fixed-length rod; a spacing adjustment plate slidably connected to the magnet mounting bracket is provided at the front end of the device, and the spacing adjustment plate is fixedly connected to the first permanent magnet of the first gradient magnetic field.

7. A stepped drive device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The track assembly includes track one, track two, and track three. Track one is a straight track, track two includes a limiting section and an extension section along the direction of trolley movement, and track three is a circular track. Different tracks correspond to different magnet mounting frames.

8. A stepped drive device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The magnet mounting bracket is equipped with an electromagnet at the junction of the second limiting section and the extension section of the track. The electromagnet is fixedly connected to the rear gradient magnetic field through a fixed-length rod. The electromagnet is slidably connected to the magnet mounting bracket through a steering adjustment rod. The permanent magnet in the second magnetic field is slidably connected to the magnet mounting bracket through a transverse slide rod.

9. A stepped drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trolley includes a body that can be attracted by a magnetic field and rolling wheels located at the bottom of the body. The rolling wheels are rubber wheels, the front wheels of the trolley are omnidirectional wheels, and the rear wheels are directional wheels. The cross-sectional dimensions of the trolley body correspond to the cross-sectional dimensions of a single permanent magnet.

10. A stepped drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The position sensing device is mounted above the fixed frame. The position sensing device includes a front-end sensor and a rear-end sensor that are spaced apart along the direction of the trolley's movement. The front-end sensor is located at the end of the corresponding gradient magnetic field, and the rear-end sensor is located on the center line of the corresponding electromagnet.

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