A pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device and method for solid-state hydrogen storage systems

Abstract

This invention discloses a pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device and method for a solid-state hydrogen storage system, relating to the field of solid-state hydrogen storage technology. The device includes: a filter for filtering hydrogen output from the solid-state hydrogen storage system; a first hydrogen booster for increasing hydrogen pressure to a target range; a first heat exchanger for reducing the pressurized hydrogen to a preset temperature range; a regulating valve for regulating hydrogen flow rate; and a pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter, and flow meter for measuring hydrogen pressure, temperature, and flow rate, respectively. A PLC dynamically adjusts the operating status of the first hydrogen booster, the opening of the regulating valve, and controls the start and stop of the first heat exchanger. This invention integrates the pretreatment unit, the pressurized heat exchange unit, and the flow regulation unit into a single unit. It employs an automatic control system with a PLC controller at its core, combining the real-time acquisition of outlet parameters by the temperature transmitter, pressure transmitter, and flow meter to dynamically adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve, achieving constant control of the output pressure or flow rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid-state hydrogen storage technology, and more specifically, to a pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device and method for solid-state hydrogen storage systems. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the hydrogen energy industry, solid-state hydrogen storage is gradually becoming an important choice for distributed hydrogen supply systems due to its high safety, high hydrogen storage density, and lack of high-pressure risks. For example, magnesium hydride (MgH2) hydrolysis is a typical technical route for releasing hydrogen at room temperature. By controlling the chemical reaction rate between water and magnesium hydride, hydrogen can be produced on demand, and the product is high-purity hydrogen, which is suitable for direct supply to fuel cells or hydrogen engines.

[0003] However, the hydrogen produced by the hydrolysis of magnesium hydride is typically at low pressure (approximately 0.1 MPa), while most fuel cell systems require an inlet pressure of 0.3–0.6 MPa, and hydrogen engines require even higher pressures. Therefore, the raw hydrogen must be pressurized, temperature-controlled, and its flow stabilized to meet the demands of end-use hydrogen devices. To address this issue, existing technologies propose using a split-type hydrogen supply system or a simple pressurization and manual adjustment system.

[0004] Among them, the split-type hydrogen supply system processes the output low-pressure hydrogen through independent compressors, coolers, buffer tanks, and regulating valve groups. This type of system has a complex structure, large footprint, and high energy consumption. Moreover, the lack of linkage control between components makes it difficult to achieve precise pressure and flow regulation, and it is not suitable for vehicle-mounted or mobile applications. The simple pressurization and manual adjustment system uses a small diaphragm hydrogen compressor to pressurize the hydrogen, and then manually adjusts the flow rate through ball valves or needle valves, supplemented by pressure gauges and thermometers to monitor parameters. This method is low in cost, but has a poor degree of automation, cannot adapt to the needs of variable operating conditions, and is prone to unstable hydrogen supply, affecting the life of fuel cells or engine combustion efficiency.

[0005] Furthermore, since the hydrolysis of magnesium hydride is exothermic, the outlet gas temperature may reach as high as 60-80°C. If heat exchange and cooling are not performed in time, it will affect the subsequent compression efficiency and pose safety hazards. At the same time, residual water vapor may condense in the low-temperature pipeline, causing blockage. Therefore, this invention provides an intelligent pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device to solve the problems of low integration, poor control accuracy, lack of thermal management, and inconvenient maintenance of existing hydrogen supply devices. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device and method for solid hydrogen storage systems, in order to overcome at least one technical problem existing in the prior art.

[0007] On one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device for a solid-state hydrogen storage system, comprising: a pretreatment unit, a pressurized heat exchange treatment unit, and a flow regulation unit arranged sequentially along the hydrogen flow direction, and a central control system respectively connected to the pretreatment unit, the pressurized heat exchange treatment unit, and the flow regulation unit; wherein, The pretreatment unit includes at least a filter for filtering the hydrogen output from the solid-state hydrogen storage system. The pressurization and heat exchange processing unit includes a first hydrogen booster and a first heat exchanger connected in series. The first hydrogen booster is used to increase the hydrogen pressure to a target range; the first heat exchanger is used to reduce the pressurized hydrogen to a preset temperature range. The flow regulation unit includes a regulating valve and a pressure transmitter, a temperature transmitter, and a flow meter disposed before and after the regulating valve. The regulating valve is used to regulate the hydrogen flow rate, and the pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter, and flow meter are used to measure the pressure, temperature, and flow rate of the hydrogen, respectively. The central control system includes a PLC controller, which receives the measured values ​​from the pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter, and flow meter, and uses a PID algorithm to dynamically adjust the operating status of the first hydrogen booster and the opening of the regulating valve, while controlling the start and stop of the first heat exchanger.

[0008] Optionally, it may also include at least two full-bore ball valves, located at both ends of the regulating valve.

[0009] Optionally, the pressurization and heat exchange unit further includes a second hydrogen booster and a second heat exchanger. The first hydrogen booster, the first heat exchanger, the second hydrogen booster, and the second heat exchanger are connected in series to form a two-stage compression structure. The hydrogen pressure is increased to the target range, and the pressurized hydrogen is reduced to a preset temperature range. The target range for hydrogen pressure is 0.3-2.5 MPa, and the preset temperature range is 40-80°C.

[0010] Optionally, the central control system further includes a human-machine interface, which provides a local operating platform for setting parameters, viewing trend curves, and retrieving historical data.

[0011] Optionally, the central control system further includes a safety interlock module; when the PLC controller detects an abnormal situation, the safety interlock module automatically shuts down the first booster, cuts off the gas supply, activates the alarm, and records the fault type.

[0012] Optionally, the central control system also includes an emergency stop button for manually cutting off power and activating the venting procedure in an emergency.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes a pressure transmitter and a temperature transmitter located at the filter outlet for real-time monitoring of the inlet pressure and temperature status and transmitting the data to the PLC controller.

[0014] Optionally, the pretreatment unit further includes a safety relief solenoid valve, which is located at the inlet of the filter and is used to automatically open and relieve pressure when the inlet pressure exceeds the limit.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for pressurizing and heat-exchanging hydrogen supply for a solid-state hydrogen storage system, applied to the above-mentioned device, comprising: The hydrogen output from the solid-state hydrogen storage system is fed into the pretreatment unit, where it is filtered through a filter. The filtered hydrogen is fed into the pressurization and heat exchange unit, where the hydrogen pressure is increased to the target range by the first hydrogen booster; and the pressurized hydrogen is reduced to the preset temperature range by the first heat exchanger. The cooled hydrogen gas is fed into the flow regulation unit, where the pressure, temperature and flow rate of the hydrogen gas are measured by a pressure transmitter, a temperature transmitter and a flow meter, respectively, and the data is then uploaded to the PLC controller. The PLC controller receives the measured values ​​from the pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter, and flow meter, and uses a PID algorithm to dynamically adjust the operating status of the first hydrogen booster and the opening of the regulating valve, while simultaneously controlling the start and stop of the first heat exchanger.

[0016] Optionally, it also includes safety interlock protection steps: During system operation, the PLC controller monitors system operating parameters in real time. When an abnormal situation is detected, the safety interlock protection mechanism is automatically triggered. The safety interlock protection mechanism includes: shutting down the first booster, cutting off the gas supply, activating the alarm, and recording the fault type.

[0017] The innovative aspects of this invention include: 1. In this embodiment, the pretreatment unit, the pressurization and heat exchange treatment unit, and the flow regulation unit are integrated into a single intelligent hydrogen supply device specifically designed for solid-state hydrogen storage systems. This solves the problems of large size, complex connection, and difficult maintenance of traditional split systems. It is the basic architecture for achieving efficient, safe, and reliable hydrogen supply in this invention and is one of the innovative points of this embodiment.

[0018] 2. In this embodiment, an automatic control system with a PLC controller as its core is adopted. The system combines temperature transmitters, pressure transmitters, and flow meters to collect outlet parameters in real time. The opening of the flow regulating valve is dynamically adjusted through a PID algorithm to achieve constant control of the output pressure or flow. The system can adaptively adjust the hydrogen supply status according to the start-up and shutdown of the fuel cell or changes in engine load. This closed-loop control method significantly improves the accuracy and intelligence of hydrogen supply, avoids errors and safety hazards caused by manual intervention, and can achieve precise hydrogen supply. This is one of the innovative points of this embodiment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of the pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is another structural schematic diagram of the pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is another structural schematic diagram of the pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is another structural schematic diagram of the pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is another structural schematic diagram of the pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flowchart of a hydrogen supply method for pressurization and heat exchange provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the embodiments and drawings of this invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0023] This invention discloses a pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device and method for solid-state hydrogen storage systems. These will be described in detail below.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to it. Figure 1 The present invention provides a pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device 100 for a solid-state hydrogen storage system, comprising: a pretreatment unit 10, a pressurized heat exchange treatment unit 20, and a flow regulation unit 30 arranged sequentially along the hydrogen flow direction; and a central control system 40 connected to the pretreatment unit 10, the pressurized heat exchange treatment unit 20, and the flow regulation unit 30 respectively; wherein, The pretreatment unit 10 includes at least a filter 11, which is used to filter the hydrogen output from the solid hydrogen storage system.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 1 The pretreatment unit 10 is located at the front end of the device and is directly connected to the hydrogen output port of the solid hydrogen storage system.

[0026] During the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage system 200 (especially the magnesium hydride hydrolysis system), the hydrogen gas flow may carry magnesium oxide micro-powder, unreacted magnesium hydride powder, and water droplets generated during the reaction. If not purified, these will cause wear on the diaphragm of the subsequent booster and lead to blockage of the heat exchanger flow channels. Therefore, this invention includes a filter 11 in the pretreatment unit 10. After the hydrogen is output from the solid-state hydrogen storage system 200, it first enters the filter 11. The filter 11 effectively removes solid particles and liquid water droplets carried by the solid-state hydrogen storage material during the hydrogen release process, preventing wear, blockage, or sealing failure of the subsequent high-pressure equipment due to impurities, thus ensuring the safe and stable operation of the subsequent equipment.

[0027] Figure 2 For another structural schematic diagram of the pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device provided in this embodiment of the invention, please refer to... Figure 2 In other embodiments, pressure transmitters and temperature transmitters (such as pressure transmitters and temperature transmitters) are installed at the outlet of filter 11. Figure 2In the diagram, 12 can represent the pressure transmitter and temperature transmitter at the outlet of filter 11, respectively. The pressure and temperature transmitters set here collect the hydrogen pressure and temperature before entering the pressurization stage in real time, and upload the data to the PLC controller through a 4~20mA analog signal or Modbus communication protocol. The PLC controller can adjust the pressurization strategy according to the pressure and temperature at the outlet of filter 11, realizing the coordinated control of the pretreatment unit 10 and the pressurization heat exchange treatment unit 20.

[0028] Figure 3 For another structural schematic diagram of the pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device provided in this embodiment of the invention, please refer to... Figure 3 In other embodiments, a safety relief solenoid valve 13 is also provided in the pretreatment unit 10 and installed at the inlet of the filter 11. When the pressure transmitter at the outlet of the filter 11 detects that the inlet pressure exceeds a preset safety threshold, the PLC controller 41 controls the safety relief solenoid valve 13 to automatically open, safely releasing the overpressured hydrogen and preventing the overpressured hydrogen from directly entering the filter 11 and the pressurization heat exchange treatment unit 20, ensuring that the inlet pressure of the booster is within a safe range. In addition, in the event of an emergency system shutdown or maintenance, the hydrogen from the reactor to the filter 11 section can be safely released through the safety relief solenoid valve 13, facilitating subsequent maintenance operations.

[0029] It should be noted that the entire inlet section of the pipeline before the pressurized heat exchange treatment unit 20 is made of polished 316 stainless steel with welded connections to ensure good airtightness and resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.

[0030] The pressurization and heat exchange treatment unit 20 includes a first hydrogen booster 21 and a first heat exchanger 22 connected in series. The first hydrogen booster 21 is used to increase the hydrogen pressure to a target range; the first heat exchanger 22 is used to reduce the pressurized hydrogen to a preset temperature range.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 The pretreated hydrogen enters the pressurization and heat exchange unit 20, where the hydrogen pressurization and heat exchange process is initiated under the control of the PLC controller 41. First, the hydrogen pressure is gradually increased from 0.1 MPa to the target range, such as 0.3-2.0 MPa, by the first hydrogen booster 21 to meet the needs of different hydrogen-using equipment. The first hydrogen booster 21 employs a hydraulically driven, oil-free diaphragm structure, with the compression chamber and drive mechanism completely isolated by an elastic diaphragm. This ensures no lubricating oil contamination during compression, guaranteeing that the purity of the output hydrogen remains unaffected.

[0032] During the pressurization process, the gas temperature rises significantly, typically reaching 150-200℃, posing a safety hazard and affecting the compatibility of downstream equipment. Therefore, after pressurization, the hydrogen gas immediately enters the first heat exchanger 22, where it is rapidly cooled to a safe range of 40-80℃ by an external cooling medium. This meets the temperature requirements for accurate metering by downstream flow meters and safe operation of regulating valves, preventing damage to downstream equipment or potential safety hazards caused by high temperatures.

[0033] The first heat exchanger 22 can be cooled by air or water. To monitor the hydrogen state after pressurization in real time, a pressure transmitter 23 is installed between the outlet of the first hydrogen booster 21 and the inlet of the first heat exchanger 22, and a temperature transmitter 24 is installed at the outlet of the first heat exchanger 22. During the pressurization and heat exchange process, the PLC controls the cooling fan speed based on the feedback from the temperature transmitter 24 at the outlet of the first heat exchanger 22, achieving adaptive adjustment of the heat exchange capacity. Furthermore, due to the excellent corrosion resistance and heat exchange efficiency of stainless steel, the first heat exchanger 22 is made of 316L stainless steel, which has a compact structure, is easy to maintain, and ensures long-term stable operation of the system.

[0034] By pressurizing and exchanging heat through the pressurization and heat exchange unit 20, the key transformation from a low-pressure unstable gas source to a high-pressure stable gas source is achieved, effectively improving the quality of hydrogen output.

[0035] Figure 4 For another structural schematic diagram of the pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device provided in this embodiment of the invention, please refer to... Figure 4 In other embodiments, the pressurized heat exchange unit 20 employs a two-stage compression structure to suit applications with higher output pressure or greater pressure ratio.

[0036] In this embodiment, the pressurization and heat exchange treatment unit 20 includes a first hydrogen booster 21, a first heat exchanger 22, a second hydrogen booster 25, and a second heat exchanger 26 connected in series. The first hydrogen booster 21 compresses the pre-treated hydrogen to a first target pressure, for example, compressing hydrogen from 0.1 MPa to 1 MPa. The first heat exchanger 22 cools the high-temperature hydrogen after the first stage of compression to a first temperature, such as 100°C. The second hydrogen booster 25 receives the cooled hydrogen and further compresses it to reach the target pressure. The second heat exchanger 26 cools the high-temperature hydrogen after the second stage of compression to a preset temperature range, and then it enters the flow regulation unit 30.

[0037] The two-stage compression structure effectively reduces the heat of compression in each stage, decreases the heat load on the heat exchangers, extends the service life of the turbocharger diaphragm, and reduces the risk of leakage. During the compression heat exchange process, the PLC controller independently controls the cooling power of the first heat exchanger 22 and the second heat exchanger 26 based on feedback from the outlet temperature sensor 24 of the first heat exchanger 22 and the outlet temperature sensor 27 of the second heat exchanger 26, achieving independent temperature control for both stages.

[0038] The flow control unit 30 includes a control valve 31 and pressure transmitters, temperature transmitters, and flow meters disposed before and after the control valve 31. Figure 1 In the diagram, 32 and 33 represent the pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter, and flow meter located before and after the regulating valve 31, respectively. The regulating valve 31 is used to regulate the hydrogen flow rate, and the pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter, and flow meter are used to measure the pressure, temperature, and flow rate of the hydrogen, respectively.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 1 After being pressurized and heat-exchanged, the hydrogen gas enters the flow regulation unit 30. A pressure transmitter and a temperature transmitter are installed at the inlet of the regulating valve 31 to measure the hydrogen pressure and temperature at the inlet of the regulating valve 31 in real time. The data is transmitted to the PLC controller 41 for PID calculation and mass flow conversion. A flow meter, a pressure transmitter, and a temperature transmitter are installed at the outlet of the regulating valve 31, forming a complete measurement and control network. This network collects the pressure, temperature, and actual flow data at the outlet in real time and uploads them to the PLC via a 4~20mA or Modbus signal.

[0040] The regulating valve 31 is a high-precision proportional flow regulating valve. The PLC uses a PID algorithm to adjust the opening of the regulating valve 31 in real time based on the flow meter feedback, so as to achieve continuous and precise control of the output flow. The regulating valve 31 has a response time of less than 1 second and supports switching between multiple working modes such as constant pressure, constant flow and programmed gas supply, so as to adapt to the complex working conditions such as fuel cell start-up and shutdown and load changes.

[0041] Figure 5 For another structural schematic diagram of the pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device provided in this embodiment of the invention, please refer to... Figure 5 In other embodiments, a full-bore ball valve is provided at each end of the regulating valve 31. The hydrogen gas, after being pressurized and heat-exchanged, first passes through the ball valve 33 before the regulating valve 31. This valve remains fully open during normal operation and is only closed during maintenance to isolate the pipeline. The ball valve 34 after the regulating valve 31, together with the ball valve 33 before the regulating valve 31, achieves double-sided isolation of the regulating valve 31 during maintenance, ensuring safety during online maintenance.

[0042] It should be noted that the ball valves installed before and after the regulating valve 31 are only one real-time method of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In other embodiments, ball valves can also be installed in other locations, for example, ball valves can be installed at both ends of the first hydrogen booster 21 and the first heat exchanger 22. In this way, the booster or heat exchanger can be isolated and maintained without shutting down the machine.

[0043] The central control system 40 includes a PLC controller 41, which receives the measured values ​​from the pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter and flow meter, and uses a PID algorithm to dynamically adjust the operating status of the first hydrogen booster 21 and the opening of the regulating valve 31, while controlling the start and stop of the first heat exchanger 22.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 The central control system 40 is based on a PLC controller 41 and also includes a human-machine interface (HMI). The HMI provides a local operating platform for users to set parameters (target flow rate, pressure limits, temperature limits, etc.), view real-time trend curves of flow rate, pressure, and temperature, and retrieve historical data. Furthermore, the HMI supports remote communication, enabling cloud-based monitoring.

[0045] The PLC controller 41 collects signals from all sensors and transmitters to achieve dynamic control. For example, using the flow rate signal as feedback and the target flow rate set by the operator on the human-machine interface as the setpoint, the PID control algorithm continuously outputs the opening control signal of the regulating valve 31 to achieve constant control of the output pressure or flow rate. Simultaneously, the pressure transmitter at the outlet of the filter 11 can monitor changes in the inlet pressure and use it as a feedforward signal. Based on this feedforward signal, the first hydrogen booster 21 is pre-adjusted. Combined with the outlet pressure or flow rate collected after the regulating valve 31, the PID control algorithm calculates the feedback correction amount. The pre-adjustment amount and the feedback correction amount are then superimposed and output to the booster heat exchange unit 20 to achieve dynamic composite control of the booster frequency.

[0046] The control logic has the functions of power failure memory, remote communication, data recording and alarm prompt. This closed-loop control method significantly improves the accuracy and intelligence level of hydrogen supply, avoids errors and safety hazards caused by manual intervention, can achieve precise hydrogen supply, and has replicability and wide applicability.

[0047] Optionally, Figure 6 For another structural schematic diagram of the pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device provided in this embodiment of the invention, please refer to... Figure 6 In other embodiments, the central control system 40 also includes a safety interlock module 42; when the PLC controller 41 detects an abnormal situation, the safety interlock module 42 automatically shuts down the first hydrogen booster, cuts off the gas supply, activates the alarm, and records the fault type.

[0048] For details, please refer to Figure 6 In this embodiment, a safety interlock module 42 is provided. During system operation, the PLC controller 41 monitors the system operating parameters in real time. When an abnormal situation is detected, the normal control output is immediately interrupted, and the safety interlock module 42 is controlled to automatically shut down the first booster, cut off the gas supply, activate the alarm, and record the fault type. Abnormal situations may include over-temperature, over-pressure, low flow, or equipment overload. When over-pressure is detected, the safety relief solenoid valve 13 is opened, the first hydrogen booster 21 is shut down, the regulating valve 31 is closed, and the alarm is activated. This safety mechanism not only ensures the reliable operation of the equipment itself but also effectively prevents major risks such as hydrogen leakage and explosion, making it particularly suitable for vehicle-mounted, mobile, and confined space applications.

[0049] Optionally, the central control system also includes an emergency stop button for manually cutting off power and activating the venting procedure in an emergency.

[0050] Specifically, this embodiment also includes an emergency stop button. In the event of an unpredictable emergency or automatic system failure, the emergency stop button can be used to manually cut off the power and simultaneously trigger the emergency venting procedure, opening the venting valve to safely release the high-pressure hydrogen in the system and reduce the consequences of an accident. Here, the safety relief solenoid valve can be reused as a venting valve. Under normal operating conditions, this valve acts as an automatic overpressure relief valve, while under emergency stop conditions, it acts as an emergency venting valve, achieving dual functionality with one valve without requiring additional hardware.

[0051] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply method for a solid-state hydrogen storage system. Figure 7 This is a flowchart of a hydrogen supply method for pressurization and heat exchange provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to it. Figures 1-7 The pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply method includes: Step 1: Input the hydrogen output from the solid hydrogen storage system 200 into the pretreatment unit 10 and filter the hydrogen through the filter 11.

[0052] After hydrogen is output from the solid-state hydrogen storage system 200, it first enters the filter 11. The filter 11 effectively removes solid particles and liquid water droplets carried by the solid-state hydrogen storage material during hydrogen release, preventing wear, blockage, or sealing failure of subsequent high-pressure equipment due to impurities, thus ensuring the safe and stable operation of subsequent equipment. The pressure and temperature of the hydrogen before entering the pressurization stage are collected in real time by pressure and temperature transmitters, and the data is uploaded to the PLC controller 41 via a 4~20mA analog signal or Modbus communication protocol. The PLC controller 41 can adjust the pressurization strategy according to the pressure and temperature at the outlet of the filter 11, realizing the coordinated control of the pretreatment unit 10 and the pressurization heat exchange treatment unit 20.

[0053] It should be noted that a self-test is required upon system startup. The operator inputs the target flow rate, upper and lower limits of various alarm parameters, and other set values ​​through the human-machine interface, then presses the start button. The PLC executes the self-test program, reads the initial status of each sensor, confirms there are no alarm signals, and checks that the emergency stop button is not pressed, etc.

[0054] Step 2: The filtered hydrogen is input into the pressurization and heat exchange treatment unit 20, and the hydrogen pressure is increased to the target range by the first hydrogen booster 21; the pressurized hydrogen is reduced to the preset temperature range by the first heat exchanger 22.

[0055] The filtered hydrogen enters the pressurized heat exchange unit 20. The PLC controller 41 uses the inlet pressure acquired by the pressure transmitter after filter 11 as a feedforward signal, presets the initial operating frequency of the booster, and starts the first hydrogen booster 21 to pressurize the hydrogen to the target pressure. After pressurization, the hydrogen enters the first heat exchanger 22. The PLC controller 41 controls the cooling fan according to the heat exchanger outlet temperature to reduce the hydrogen temperature to a safe range of 40~80℃.

[0056] Step 3: Input the cooled hydrogen into the flow regulation unit 30, and measure the pressure, temperature and flow rate of the hydrogen through the pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter and flow meter respectively, and upload them to the PLC controller 41.

[0057] Hydrogen gas, after being pressurized and heat-exchanged, enters the flow regulation unit 30. Pressure and temperature transmitters at the inlet of regulating valve 31 measure the hydrogen pressure and temperature at the inlet of regulating valve 31 in real time, and the data is transmitted to the PLC controller 41 for PID calculation and mass flow conversion. Flow meters, pressure transmitters, and temperature transmitters at the outlet of regulating valve 31 collect the pressure, temperature, and actual flow data at the outlet in real time, and upload them to the PLC via 4~20mA or Modbus signals.

[0058] Step 4: The PLC controller 41 receives the measured values ​​from the pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter and flow meter, and uses a PID algorithm to dynamically adjust the operating status of the first hydrogen booster 21 and the opening of the regulating valve 31, while controlling the start and stop of the first heat exchanger 22.

[0059] The PLC controller 41 collects signals from all sensors and transmitters to achieve dynamic control. For example, using the flow rate signal as feedback and the target flow rate set by the operator on the human-machine interface as the setpoint, the PID control algorithm continuously outputs the opening control signal of the regulating valve 31 to achieve constant control of the output pressure or flow rate. Simultaneously, the pressure transmitter at the outlet of the filter 11 can monitor changes in the inlet pressure and use it as a feedforward signal. Based on this feedforward signal, the first hydrogen booster 21 is pre-adjusted. Combined with the outlet pressure or flow rate collected after the regulating valve 31, the PID control algorithm calculates the feedback correction amount. The pre-adjustment amount and the feedback correction amount are then superimposed and output to the booster heat exchange unit 20 to achieve dynamic composite control of the booster frequency.

[0060] The above method embodiments correspond to the device embodiments and have the same technical effects as the device embodiments. For specific descriptions, please refer to the device embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0061] Optionally, the pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply method also includes safety interlock protection steps: During system operation, the PLC controller 41 monitors the system operating parameters in real time. When an abnormal situation is detected, the safety interlock protection mechanism is automatically triggered. The safety interlock protection mechanism includes: shutting down the booster, cutting off the gas supply, activating the alarm, and recording the fault type.

[0062] For details, please refer to Figures 1-7 During system operation, the PLC controller 41 monitors system operating parameters in real time and has the highest priority. When an abnormality is detected, it immediately interrupts normal control output, controls the safety interlock module to automatically shut down the first booster, cut off the gas supply, activate the alarm, and record the fault type. Abnormalities may include over-temperature, over-pressure, low flow, or equipment overload. When over-pressure is detected, the safety relief solenoid valve 13 is opened, the first booster is shut down, the regulating valve 31 is closed, and the alarm is activated.

[0063] To avoid false triggering of the safety interlock protection mechanism, this embodiment employs a time-delay judgment mechanism. Upon detecting an anomaly, the anomaly type and occurrence time are recorded, and a time-delay timer is started. During the delay period, the anomaly parameter continues to be monitored. If the parameter returns to normal within a preset time, the timer resets, and the safety interlock protection mechanism is not triggered. Conversely, if the anomaly persists for the preset time without being eliminated, it is determined to be a genuine fault, triggering the safety interlock protection mechanism and issuing a warning signal. The preset time can be set according to specific circumstances, for example, uniformly set to 10 seconds, or differentiated based on the anomaly type. By setting a safety interlock delay judgment mechanism, false triggering caused by transient fluctuations can be effectively avoided, reducing unnecessary downtime and improving system availability.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of one embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing the present invention.

[0065] Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules in the apparatus of the embodiments can be distributed in the apparatus of the embodiments as described in the embodiments, or they can be located in one or more devices different from this embodiment with corresponding changes. The modules of the above embodiments can be combined into one module, or they can be further divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device for a solid-state hydrogen storage system, characterized in that, include: The system comprises, sequentially arranged along the hydrogen flow direction, a pretreatment unit, a pressurization and heat exchange unit, and a flow regulation unit, as well as a central control system connected to the pretreatment unit, the pressurization and heat exchange unit, and the flow regulation unit, respectively; wherein, The pretreatment unit includes at least a filter for filtering the hydrogen output from the solid-state hydrogen storage system. The pressurization and heat exchange processing unit includes a first hydrogen booster and a first heat exchanger connected in series. The first hydrogen booster is used to increase the hydrogen pressure to a target range; the first heat exchanger is used to reduce the pressurized hydrogen to a preset temperature range. The flow regulation unit includes a regulating valve and a pressure transmitter, a temperature transmitter, and a flow meter disposed before and after the regulating valve. The regulating valve is used to regulate the hydrogen flow rate, and the pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter, and flow meter are used to measure the pressure, temperature, and flow rate of the hydrogen, respectively. The central control system includes a PLC controller, which receives the measured values ​​from the pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter, and flow meter, and uses a PID algorithm to dynamically adjust the operating status of the first hydrogen booster and the opening of the regulating valve, while controlling the start and stop of the first heat exchanger.

2. The pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device for a solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least two full-bore ball valves, located at both ends of the regulating valve.

3. The pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device for a solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressurization and heat exchange unit further includes a second hydrogen booster and a second heat exchanger. The first hydrogen booster, the first heat exchanger, the second hydrogen booster, and the second heat exchanger are connected in series to form a two-stage compression structure. The hydrogen pressure is increased to the target range, and the pressurized hydrogen is reduced to a preset temperature range. The target range for hydrogen pressure is 0.3-2.5 MPa, and the preset temperature range is 40-80°C.

4. The pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device for a solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control system also includes a human-machine interface, which provides a local operating platform for setting parameters, viewing trend curves, and retrieving historical data.

5. The pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device for a solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control system also includes a safety interlock module; when the PLC controller detects an abnormal situation, the safety interlock module automatically shuts down the first booster, cuts off the gas supply, activates the alarm, and records the fault type.

6. The pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device for a solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control system also includes an emergency stop button for manually cutting off power and activating the venting procedure in an emergency.

7. The pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device for a solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pressure transmitter and a temperature transmitter installed at the filter outlet to monitor the intake pressure and temperature in real time and transmit the data to the PLC controller.

8. The pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply device for a solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pretreatment unit also includes a safety relief solenoid valve, which is located at the inlet of the filter and is used to automatically open and relieve pressure when the inlet pressure exceeds the limit.

9. A method for pressurized heat exchange and hydrogen supply in a solid-state hydrogen storage system, applied to the apparatus described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: The hydrogen output from the solid-state hydrogen storage system is fed into the pretreatment unit, where it is filtered through a filter. The filtered hydrogen is fed into the pressurization and heat exchange unit, where the hydrogen pressure is increased to the target range by the first hydrogen booster; and the pressurized hydrogen is reduced to the preset temperature range by the first heat exchanger. The cooled hydrogen gas is fed into the flow regulation unit, where the pressure, temperature and flow rate of the hydrogen gas are measured by a pressure transmitter, a temperature transmitter and a flow meter, respectively, and the data is then uploaded to the PLC controller. The PLC controller receives the measured values ​​from the pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter, and flow meter, and uses a PID algorithm to dynamically adjust the operating status of the first hydrogen booster and the opening of the regulating valve, while simultaneously controlling the start and stop of the first heat exchanger.

10. The method for pressurized heat exchange hydrogen supply for a solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes safety interlock protection steps: During system operation, the PLC controller monitors the system operating parameters in real time, and automatically triggers the safety interlock protection mechanism when an abnormal situation is detected. The safety interlock protection mechanism includes: shutting down the first booster, cutting off the gas supply, activating the alarm, and recording the fault type.

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