A solid oxide battery zone testing system and method integrating gas composition monitoring

Abstract

This invention relates to a solid oxide battery zone testing system and method with integrated gas composition monitoring. The test fixture includes an air electrode side assembly and a fuel electrode side assembly, each containing a metal base plate. Each metal base plate has a gas flow channel inside; the gas flow channel is connected to the corresponding porous electrode via an electrode current collector. An integrated detection array corresponds to each zone of the battery and is used to collect voltage and temperature signals from each zone and extract gas samples. A gas control and analysis system is connected to the detection array via piping, and a data recording and analysis unit is communicatively connected to the gas control and analysis system and the detection array. This invention enables simultaneous acquisition and analysis of voltage, temperature, and reaction gas composition in each zone of the battery, supplementing the monitoring dimensions. It can accurately quantify fuel conversion efficiency, identify battery faults, capture early degradation signals, improve the timeliness and accuracy of fault diagnosis, and provide precise gas composition boundary conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid oxide battery testing technology, and more specifically to a solid oxide battery zone testing system and testing method that integrates gas composition monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] Solid oxide batteries (SOCs), as efficient and clean energy conversion and storage devices, can be widely used in fuel cell power generation, water electrolysis, and carbon dioxide electrolysis, demonstrating significant application value in energy conversion and utilization. With the commercialization of SOCs, the area of ​​individual cells has gradually increased to commercial sizes of 10cm × 10cm and above. The non-uniformity of electrochemical reactions caused by uneven gas distribution, temperature gradients, and differences in current density within the battery has become increasingly prominent. This problem has become a key bottleneck restricting the full performance of SOCs and affecting their long-term operational stability.

[0003] To delve into the multiphysics coupling mechanisms and degradation mechanisms within solid oxide batteries, zonal testing techniques have emerged. Existing zonal testing fixtures for solid oxide batteries enable precise measurements of localized voltage, current density, and temperature. These existing techniques, by dividing the battery into several independent regions, coupled with discrete current collectors and signal leads, and combined with an electrochemical workstation and data acquisition system, can effectively acquire the spatial distribution of electrochemical parameters during battery operation.

[0004] However, existing solid oxide battery partition testing fixtures still have significant technical shortcomings in practical applications, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of in-depth research on the internal reaction mechanism of batteries and accurate diagnosis of battery faults. The specific shortcomings are reflected in the following three aspects:

[0005] First, the monitored information is incomplete, lacking direct indicators of the reaction state. Existing devices can only monitor parameters that indirectly reflect the battery's operating state, such as voltage, current, and temperature, and cannot directly obtain real-time composition information of the reaction gases within each zone of the battery. Gas composition parameters (such as fuel utilization rate, water vapor partial pressure, and byproduct concentration) are core indicators that directly reflect the battery's electrochemical reaction process and accurately characterize the battery's health. Without this type of data, researchers can only indirectly infer the internal reaction mechanism of the battery through electrochemical parameters, making it difficult to accurately quantify local fuel conversion efficiency and effectively identify areas of carbon deposition and diagnose key issues such as gas cross-leakage.

[0006] Second, the battery fault diagnosis capability is limited, failing to capture early degradation warning information. During operation, early degradation phenomena in solid oxide batteries, such as localized fuel insufficiency, micro-area carbon deposition, and micro-leakage in the sealing structure, do not significantly affect the overall electrochemical performance of the battery in the initial stages and are difficult to detect through indirect parameters such as voltage and temperature. However, these phenomena directly and significantly alter the local gas composition of the battery. Current technologies cannot monitor gas composition and therefore cannot capture early warning information for such faults, resulting in a significant lag in the analysis of battery failure causes and hindering early identification and intervention of battery faults.

[0007] Third, the difficulty in providing validation data for multiphysics models restricts the improvement of model accuracy. In the research of solid oxide batteries, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with electrochemical simulation is an important research method. Such simulations require accurate gas composition boundary conditions as a basis. However, existing experimental devices cannot provide in-situ gas composition data for each section of the battery, making it impossible to effectively validate and correct the simulation model, which seriously restricts the improvement of model accuracy and predictive ability. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the problems of existing solid oxide battery zonal testing technologies, which can only monitor indirect parameters such as voltage and temperature and cannot simultaneously acquire information on the composition of reactive gases in each zone, resulting in incomplete monitoring dimensions, delayed fault diagnosis, and the inability to provide accurate gas composition verification data for multiphysics models, this invention aims to provide a solid oxide battery zonal testing system and method that integrates gas composition monitoring.

[0009] The solid oxide battery partition testing system with integrated gas composition monitoring according to the present invention includes a test fixture comprising an air electrode side assembly and a fuel electrode side assembly. The solid oxide battery is clamped between the air electrode side assembly and the fuel electrode side assembly. Both the air electrode side assembly and the fuel electrode side assembly include a metal base plate. Gas flow channels are respectively machined inside the metal base plate. An air inlet and an air outlet communicating with the gas flow channels are provided on both sides of the metal base plate. The air electrode side assembly further includes an air electrode current collector disposed between the metal base plate on the air electrode side and the air electrode of the solid oxide battery. The fuel electrode side assembly further includes a fuel electrode current collector disposed on the fuel electrode. Between the metal base plate on the side and the fuel electrode of the solid oxide battery, the gas flow channels are connected to the corresponding porous electrodes of the solid oxide battery through the air electrode current collector and the fuel electrode current collector, respectively. An integrated detection array, mounted on the test fixture, corresponds one-to-one with each partition of the solid oxide battery, and is used to synchronously collect voltage and temperature signals from each partition and extract gas samples. A gas control and analysis system is connected to the pipeline of the integrated detection array and is used to receive the gas samples extracted by the integrated detection array and perform component analysis. A data recording and analysis unit is communicatively connected to both the integrated detection array and the gas control and analysis system and is used to receive the collected electrical signals and gas component data, and perform data fusion, processing and analysis.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the integrated detection array includes multiple detection units arranged in an array on at least one of the metal base plates. Each detection unit includes a ceramic lead tube fixed in a lead hole in the metal base plate. The ceramic lead tube has three mutually insulated independent channels inside. The three channels are respectively used to pass through a temperature detection line, a voltage detection line, and a gas sampling port. The measuring end of the temperature detection line is close to the electrode current collector of the corresponding partition. The voltage detection line is electrically connected to the electrode current collector of the corresponding partition. The gas sampling port is connected to the gas flow channel at the corresponding partition location and is connected to the gas control and analysis system pipeline.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the gas control and analysis system integrates a flow control module, which controls the sampling flow rate of each gas sampling port to be between 0.1% and 0.5% of the total gas flow rate of the corresponding zone.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the lead holes are arranged in an array and correspond one-to-one with the partition grid of the solid oxide battery, and the diameter of the lead holes is 5-10 mm.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the ceramic lead tube is made of insulating ceramic, the channel diameter for the temperature detection line and voltage detection line is 0.5-2 mm, and the channel diameter for the gas sampling port is 1-5 mm.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the temperature detection line is a K-type thermocouple, and the distance between the temperature measuring point at the measuring end of the temperature detection line and the surface of the corresponding partition electrode current collector is 1-5 mm.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the test fixture further includes an axial loading mechanism and an insulating sealing layer, wherein the axial loading mechanism applies axial pressure to the air electrode side assembly and the fuel electrode side assembly to press them together, and the insulating sealing layer is an annular structure disposed between the edge of the solid oxide battery and the two metal base plates.

[0016] The testing method of the solid oxide battery zonal testing system with integrated gas composition monitoring according to the present invention includes the following steps: S1, assembling the test fixture; S2, placing the assembled test fixture in a heating furnace and heating it to the working temperature of the solid oxide battery. After the temperature stabilizes, a preset flow rate of reaction gas is introduced into the gas channels of the metal base plates on the air electrode side and the fuel electrode side, respectively; S3, controlling the solid oxide battery to operate under the set electrochemical conditions, synchronously starting the data recording and analysis unit, collecting and converting the voltage and temperature signals of each zone, and realizing the controlled extraction of gas samples through the gas control and analysis system; S4, sending the gas samples into the gas control and analysis system to complete the composition analysis, obtaining the gas composition data of each zone and transmitting it to the data recording and analysis unit, which performs spatiotemporal fusion and alignment of the gas composition data with the voltage and temperature data of the same time and zone; S5, the data recording and analysis unit generates a spatial distribution map based on the fused multidimensional data, and realizes the performance evaluation and fault diagnosis of the solid oxide battery through correlation analysis of the map.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the operating temperature of the solid oxide battery is 600-850°C, the transmission path of the reaction gas is adapted to both the fuel cell and electrolytic cell operating modes of the solid oxide battery, and the types of reaction gas and the detection module of the gas control and analysis system are changed according to different operating modes.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, in step S5, the spatial distribution map includes a voltage spatial distribution map, a temperature spatial distribution map, and a gas composition spatial distribution map.

[0019] This invention constructs a complete solid oxide battery partitioned testing system by integrating an integrated detection array and test fixture, a gas control and analysis system, and a data recording and analysis unit. It achieves simultaneous acquisition and analysis of voltage, temperature, and reaction gas composition in each battery partition, supplementing the information monitoring dimensions of existing testing technologies. It can directly acquire core gas composition indicators reflecting the battery's electrochemical reaction process, accurately quantify local fuel conversion efficiency, and effectively identify problems such as carbon deposition and gas cross-leakage. Simultaneously, relying on the in-situ gas composition monitoring capability, it can capture gas signals of early battery degradation, such as local fuel insufficiency and micro-leakage in sealing, significantly improving the timeliness and accuracy of battery fault diagnosis and solving the problem of lagging fault diagnosis in existing technologies. Furthermore, the system can acquire in-situ, detailed spatial distribution data of voltage, temperature, and gas composition in each battery partition, providing accurate gas composition boundary conditions for computational fluid dynamics and electrochemical coupling simulations. This effectively verifies and corrects multiphysics models, significantly improving model accuracy and predictive ability, and providing comprehensive and reliable experimental data support for the mechanism research, performance optimization, and structural design of solid oxide batteries. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle and data flow transmission of the test system according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the test fixture.

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the metal base plate and the integrated detection unit array.

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of the three-channel structure inside the ceramic lead tube. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the testing system according to the present invention includes a gas control and analysis system 15, a data recording and analysis unit 16, a test fixture 17, and an integrated detection array, such as... Figure 2As shown, the test fixture 17 is used to hold and fix the solid oxide battery 4; the integrated detector array is mounted on the test fixture 17, corresponding one-to-one with each partition of the solid oxide battery 4, and is used to synchronously collect voltage signals and temperature signals of each partition and extract gas samples; the gas control and analysis system 15 receives the gas samples extracted by the integrated detector array and completes the component analysis; the data recording and analysis unit 16 receives the electrical signals collected by the integrated detector array and the gas component data output by the gas control and analysis system 15, and completes the data fusion, processing and analysis.

[0026] The test fixture 17 adopts a symmetrical plate pressing structure, consisting of an air electrode side assembly, a fuel electrode side assembly, and an axial loading mechanism 6. The axial loading mechanism 6 applies axial pressure to the air electrode side assembly and the fuel electrode side assembly, so that the two are pressed together. The solid oxide battery 4 is clamped and fixed between the air electrode side assembly and the fuel electrode side assembly. An insulating sealing layer 7 is provided on the edge of the solid oxide battery 4 to achieve airtight sealing under high temperature conditions.

[0027] The air electrode side assembly and the fuel electrode side assembly of the test fixture 17 each include a metal base plate 1. The two metal base plates 1 are arranged symmetrically above and below each other, and the solid oxide battery 4 is clamped between the two metal base plates 1.

[0028] The air electrode side assembly also includes an air electrode current collector 3, which is disposed between the metal base plate 1 on the air electrode side and the air electrode of the solid oxide battery 4, and the material is selected from silver, platinum, gold and their alloys; the fuel electrode side assembly also includes a fuel electrode current collector 5, which is disposed between the metal base plate 1 on the fuel electrode side and the fuel electrode of the solid oxide battery 4, and the material is selected from nickel, iron, platinum, gold and their alloys.

[0029] The metal base plate 1 has gas channels 8 machined inside. Inlet 9 and outlet 10 are respectively located on both sides of the metal base plate 1, and both inlet 9 and outlet 10 are connected to the gas channels 8. The gas channels 8 are connected to the corresponding porous electrodes of the solid oxide battery 4 through the porous structure of the electrode current collectors 3 and 5. The reaction gas enters the gas channels 8 through the inlet 9 and diffuses through the pores of the electrode current collectors 3 and 5 into the porous electrodes of the solid oxide battery 4, participating in the electrochemical reaction at the electrolyte-electrode interface. The residual gas / product gas after the reaction diffuses back into the gas channels 8 along the original path and is finally discharged through the outlet 10. It should be understood that the gas channels 8 can adopt conventional channel structures such as serpentine or straight shapes; this invention does not limit this, as long as it can achieve a uniform distribution of the reaction gas.

[0030] An annular insulating sealing layer 7 is provided between the edge of the solid oxide battery 4 and the two metal base plates 1. The material is vermiculite, glass sealant or mica composite material to achieve the seal between the edge of the battery and the metal base plate 1 and prevent the leakage of reaction gas.

[0031] The axial loading mechanism 6 cooperates with the upper and lower metal base plates 1 to apply uniform axial pressure to the test fixture 17, so that the solid oxide battery 4 is in close contact with the air electrode current collector 3 and the fuel electrode current collector 5, while pressing the insulating sealing layer 7 to ensure the sealing effect and electrical contact effect.

[0032] The integrated detection array includes multiple detection units arranged in an array on at least one metal base plate 1. Each detection unit corresponds to a partition of the solid oxide battery 4, and the structure and specifications of each detection unit are consistent.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, the metal base plate 1 has lead holes 11 that match the number of detection units. The diameter of the lead holes 11 is 5-10 mm, and they are arranged in an array, corresponding one-to-one with the partition grid of the solid oxide battery 4. A ceramic lead tube 2 is fixedly installed in each lead hole 11. The ceramic lead tube 2 is the core component of the detection unit and is made of high-temperature insulating ceramic to achieve insulation and fixation of the detection element.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, the ceramic lead tube 2 has three mutually insulated independent channels inside. Two channels are used to pass through and fix the temperature detection line 12 and the voltage detection line 13, respectively, and the third channel serves as the gas sampling port 14. The diameter of the channel through which the temperature detection line 12 and the voltage detection line 13 pass through the ceramic lead tube 2 is 0.5-2 mm, and the diameter of the channel for the gas sampling port 14 is 1-5 mm. This invention directly integrates the gas sampling port 14 into the ceramic lead tube 2, making the detection unit more compact and achieving the design advantage of high structural integration. This integrates voltage and temperature detection with gas sampling, solving the problem that existing technologies cannot simultaneously collect gas components.

[0035] Temperature sensing line 12 is a type K thermocouple. Its measuring end extends to the outside of the ceramic lead tube 2 and is close to the electrode current collectors 3 and 5 of the corresponding zone. The distance between the temperature measuring point and the surface of the electrode current collector of the corresponding zone is 1-5 mm, for example, 2 mm. This spacing design uses spatial physical isolation to keep the temperature measuring point away from the working electric field of the electrode current collectors 3 and 5, greatly attenuating the electrostatic induction and electromagnetic coupling interference of the electric field on the thermocouple temperature measuring circuit. At the same time, the high-temperature insulating material of the ceramic lead tube insulates and isolates the temperature sensing line from the conductive components, avoiding the formation of an electrical connection between the temperature measuring circuit and the electric field. Thus, while accurately capturing the local operating temperature of the battery, it effectively avoids the temperature measurement deviation caused by electric field interference, achieving accurate measurement of local temperature. The lower end of voltage sensing line 13 extends to the outside of the ceramic lead tube 2 and is electrically connected to the electrode current collectors 3 and 5 of the corresponding zone, directly leading out the potential signal of that zone. One end of the gas sampling port 14 extends to the outside of the ceramic lead tube 2 and is connected to the gas flow channel 8 inside the metal base plate 1 at the corresponding partition position. The other end is connected to the gas control and analysis system 15 through an external pipeline and is used to extract the gas sample after the reaction in the gas flow channel 8.

[0036] The gas control and analysis system 15 is a conventional system for existing gas composition analysis. It is connected to the gas sampling ports 14 of each detection unit through external pipelines. It integrates a flow control module and a gas composition analyzer, and can also be equipped with multi-way switching valves as needed.

[0037] The flow control module is configured to control the sampling flow rate of each gas sampling port 14 to between 0.1% and 0.5% of the total gas flow rate of the corresponding zone, ensuring that the sampling behavior does not significantly affect the flow field distribution and electrochemical reaction state inside the battery while achieving effective gas sample extraction; the multi-way switching valve can realize sequential or selective sampling of each gas sampling port 14; the gas composition analyzer receives the flow-controlled gas sample, completes the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the gas composition, and transmits the gas composition data to the data recording and analysis unit 16.

[0038] The data recording and analysis unit 16 is an electronic unit with data acquisition, processing, analysis and visualization functions. It is communicatively connected to the voltage detection line 13 and temperature detection line 12 of each detection unit, and synchronously acquires the voltage and temperature signals of each zone and completes the signal conversion. At the same time, this unit is communicatively connected to the gas control and analysis system 15 to receive the gas composition data of each zone.

[0039] The data recording and analysis unit 16 uses timestamp alignment and spatial location mapping to perform spatiotemporal fusion and alignment of voltage, temperature, and gas composition data from the same time and region. It can also generate a visualized spatial distribution map from the fused multidimensional data and perform correlation analysis on the data to achieve performance evaluation and fault diagnosis of the solid oxide battery 4. Based on this data fusion and correlation analysis capability, this invention can more accurately identify the root cause of battery degradation or failure by correlating local electrical performance, thermal behavior, and gaseous chemical reaction products, significantly improving the accuracy of battery fault diagnosis. It can effectively capture early warning information of early degradation phenomena such as local fuel shortage, micro-area carbon deposition, and micro-leakage in the seal. Simultaneously, the detailed spatial distribution data generated by the data recording and analysis unit 16 can be directly used to verify the computational model of computational fluid dynamics and electrochemistry coupling, providing direct and accurate experimental data support for battery flow field plate design, sealing structure optimization, and the formulation of practical operation strategies.

[0040] The testing method is briefly introduced below.

[0041] First, the test fixture 17 is assembled. The fuel electrode current collector 5 is laid flat on the metal base plate 1 on the fuel electrode side. The solid oxide battery 4 to be tested is placed on the fuel electrode current collector 5, and an annular insulating sealing layer 7 is set around the edge of the solid oxide battery 4. The air electrode current collector 3 is placed on the air electrode side of the solid oxide battery 4, and then the metal base plate 1 on the air electrode side with the pre-assembled integrated detection array is covered, so that each detection unit corresponds to each section of the solid oxide battery 4. A predetermined uniform axial pressure is applied to the upper and lower metal base plates 1 through the axial loading mechanism 6 to complete the overall assembly of the test fixture 17, ensuring tight electrical contact between the solid oxide battery 4 and the electrode current collector, while ensuring the sealing effect of the insulating sealing layer 7.

[0042] Next comes the heating and gas introduction. The assembled test fixture 17 is placed in a high-temperature heating furnace and heated to the operating temperature of the solid oxide battery 4 (e.g., 600-850℃) according to a preset heating rate. After the temperature stabilizes, a preset flow rate of reaction gas is introduced into the corresponding gas channels 8 through the air inlet 9 on the air electrode side metal base plate 1 and the fuel electrode side metal base plate 1, respectively. The reaction gas makes full contact with the corresponding electrodes of the solid oxide battery 4 through the gas channels 8, and the exhaust gas after the reaction is discharged through the outlet 10. It should be understood that the gas transmission path is adapted to both the fuel cell (SOFC) and electrolyzer (SOEC) operating modes of the solid oxide battery. Only the type of reaction gas and the detection module of the gas control and analysis system need to be changed according to different operating modes. The physical diffusion path of the gas from the inlet to the outlet remains unchanged.

[0043] Next is the operation and synchronous data acquisition. The solid oxide battery 4 is controlled to operate under set electrochemical conditions. Simultaneously, the data recording and analysis unit 16 is activated. Through the voltage detection lines 13 and temperature detection lines 12 of each detection unit, voltage and temperature signals from each zone are acquired and converted in real time, and transmitted to the data recording and analysis unit 16 for temporary storage. Simultaneously, gas samples from the gas flow channel 8 are extracted through the gas sampling ports 14 of each zone. The flow control module of the gas control and analysis system 15 adjusts the sampling flow rate to stabilize it between 0.1% and 0.5% of the total gas flow rate of the corresponding zone, achieving controlled gas sample extraction. It should be understood that this invention can continuously adjust the electrochemical conditions of the battery according to testing requirements, completing synchronous data acquisition under multiple conditions within the same experimental system without the need for disassembly and reassembly of the device or repeated heating.

[0044] Next is gas analysis and data fusion. The gas sample, controlled by flow rate, is sent to the gas composition analyzer of the gas control and analysis system 15 to complete the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the gas composition, obtain the gas composition data of each zone, and transmit the data to the data recording and analysis unit 16. The data recording and analysis unit 16 performs spatiotemporal fusion and alignment of the received gas composition data with the voltage data and temperature data of the same time and zone to ensure the temporal consistency and spatial correspondence of the three types of data.

[0045] Finally, comprehensive analysis and diagnosis are performed. Based on the fused multidimensional data, the data recording and analysis unit 16 generates and displays the voltage spatial distribution spectrum, temperature spatial distribution spectrum, and spatial distribution spectrum of specific gas components (such as H2O) of the solid oxide battery 4. Through correlation analysis of the various spectra, the performance of the battery as a whole and its individual zones is evaluated. At the same time, various problems in the battery operation process are accurately diagnosed, such as uneven fuel supply, local carbon deposition, micro-leakage in the seal, and low local reaction efficiency, and the root causes of the problems are analyzed.

[0046] Thus, this invention can complete continuous testing under different electrochemical conditions through an experimental system constructed with a single device assembly and a single heating and gasification process, without the need for reassembly and disassembly or repeated heating. It simultaneously acquires and correlates information on the voltage distribution, temperature distribution, and gas composition distribution of the battery under each specific condition. In other words, this invention, through the linkage of the integrated detection array with the gas control and analysis system 15 and the data recording and analysis unit 16, for the first time integrates and realizes in-situ, synchronous, and spatially resolved measurement of the voltage, temperature, and gaseous product composition of solid oxide batteries on the same testing platform. This achieves the technical effect of multi-parameter in-situ synchronous measurement, overcoming the limitation of existing technologies that can only monitor single electrochemical or thermal parameters.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] This embodiment provides a partitioned test fixture 17 for a 10 cm × 10 cm anode-supported flat solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The device uses a 3 × 3 rectangular partitioned grid to divide the solid oxide fuel cell into 9 independent partitions, with 9 detection units set accordingly.

[0049] The metal base plates 1 on the air electrode side and the fuel electrode side of the test fixture 17 are both made of high-temperature alloy. The metal base plate 1 has a serpentine gas flow channel 8 processed in the center area of ​​the plate surface facing the battery. The two sides of the base plate are respectively provided with an air inlet 9 and an air outlet 10. The insulating sealing layer 7 is made of a pre-made frame-shaped glass sealing gasket. The air electrode current collector 3 is a silver mesh, and the fuel electrode current collector 5 is a nickel-based alloy mesh.

[0050] An integrated detection array is mounted on a metal base plate 1 on the side of the air electrode. Nine lead holes 11 with a diameter of 8 mm are machined on the metal base plate 1, arranged in a 3×3 array. A ceramic lead tube 2 is fixed in each lead hole 11, which has three independent circular holes: two holes with a diameter of 1.0 mm are for inserting K-type thermocouple wire (temperature detection wire 12) and platinum wire (voltage detection wire 13), respectively, and a hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm is a gas sampling port 14. The measuring end of the K-type thermocouple is fixed at a distance of about 2 mm from the surface of the silver mesh. The lower end of the platinum wire is welded to a small piece of silver mesh current collector in the corresponding section. The gas sampling port 14 is connected to the downstream position of the corresponding section in the serpentine gas flow channel 8 of the metal base plate 1. Since the gas in the downstream position is the gas after the reaction, it can more accurately reflect the electrochemical reaction process of the section and avoid collecting unreacted raw material gas.

[0051] The gas control and analysis system 15 integrates a flow control module and a gas chromatograph, while the data recording and analysis unit 16 is an industrial-grade data acquisition and analysis workstation.

[0052] A uniform axial pressure is applied by the axial loading mechanism 6 to ensure sealing and electrical contact. The fixture is placed in a heating furnace and heated to 800°C. A mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen fuel gas is introduced to the anode side, and air is introduced to the cathode side to control the gas flow rate. The fuel cell is then operated under constant current discharge conditions, and data acquisition is started simultaneously. The data recording and analysis unit 16 collects voltage and temperature data from nine zones in real time. The sampling flow rate is controlled at 0.3% of the total gas flow rate of the corresponding zone by the flow control module. Gas samples from each zone are extracted sequentially and sent to a gas chromatograph for component analysis. The gas component data is fused with the voltage and temperature data of the same time and zone to draw voltage distribution cloud maps, temperature distribution cloud maps, and water vapor concentration distribution cloud maps of the battery. Through correlation analysis, it was found that a certain zone exhibits low voltage, high temperature, and low hydrogen concentration, accurately indicating that there is an uneven fuel supply problem in this area.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the test object is a solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) used for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen. The grid of the device is still 3×3. The gas control and analysis system 15 integrates a flow control module and a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer is used to accurately monitor the concentration and ratio of hydrogen and oxygen in the electrolysis products.

[0055] During the test, the device was heated to 750℃, and a mixture of water vapor and nitrogen gas was introduced into the electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell was controlled to operate under constant pressure electrolysis conditions. Voltage and temperature data of each zone were collected simultaneously, and gas samples were extracted for product composition analysis using a mass spectrometer. By fusing and analyzing multidimensional data under various operating conditions, a proportional distribution map of electrolysis products in each zone was generated to assess the spatial uniformity of the electrolysis reaction inside the battery. At the same time, it was found that the voltage of some zones was too high and the hydrogen yield was too low, diagnosing a fault of electrolysis reaction efficiency decay in these areas, providing data support for subsequent battery structure optimization.

[0056] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them; those skilled in the art should understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions and variations fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid oxide battery zonal testing system integrating gas composition monitoring, characterized in that, include: The test fixture (17) includes an air electrode side assembly and a fuel electrode side assembly. The solid oxide battery (4) is clamped between the air electrode side assembly and the fuel electrode side assembly. Both the air electrode side assembly and the fuel electrode side assembly include a metal base plate (1). The metal base plate (1) is respectively machined with gas channels (8). The metal base plate (1) has an air inlet (9) and an air outlet (10) on both sides that communicate with the gas channels (8). The air electrode side assembly also includes an air electrode current collector (3). The air electrode current collector (3) is disposed between the metal base plate (1) on the air electrode side and the air electrode of the solid oxide battery (4). The fuel electrode side assembly also includes a fuel electrode current collector (5). The fuel electrode current collector (5) is disposed between the metal base plate (1) on the fuel electrode side and the fuel electrode of the solid oxide battery (4). The gas channels (8) are respectively connected to the corresponding porous electrodes of the solid oxide battery (4) through the air electrode current collector (3) and the fuel electrode current collector (5). An integrated detection array is mounted on the test fixture (17) and corresponds one-to-one with each partition of the solid oxide battery (4) to synchronously collect voltage and temperature signals of each partition and extract gas samples. The gas control and analysis system (15) is connected to the integrated detection array pipeline and is used to receive gas samples extracted by the integrated detection array and perform component analysis. The data recording and analysis unit (16) is communicatively connected to the integrated detection array and the gas control and analysis system (15) to receive the collected electrical signals and gas composition data, and to complete the data fusion, processing and analysis.

2. The solid oxide battery zonal testing system with integrated gas composition monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated detection array includes multiple detection units arranged in an array on at least one of the metal base plates (1). Each detection unit includes a ceramic lead tube (2) fixed in the lead hole (11) of the metal base plate (1). The ceramic lead tube (2) has three independent channels that are mutually insulated. The three channels are respectively used to pass through a temperature detection line (12), a voltage detection line (13), and a gas sampling port (14). The measuring end of the temperature detection line (12) is close to the electrode current collector of the corresponding partition. The voltage detection line (13) is electrically connected to the electrode current collector of the corresponding partition. The gas sampling port (14) is connected to the gas flow channel (8) at the corresponding partition position and is connected to the pipeline of the gas control and analysis system (15).

3. The solid oxide battery zonal testing system with integrated gas composition monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gas control and analysis system (15) integrates a flow control module, which controls the sampling flow rate of each gas sampling port (14) to be between 0.1% and 0.5% of the total gas flow rate of the corresponding zone.

4. The solid oxide battery zonal testing system with integrated gas composition monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lead holes (11) are arranged in an array and correspond one-to-one with the partition grid of the solid oxide battery (4). The diameter of the lead holes (11) is 5-10 mm.

5. The solid oxide battery zonal testing system with integrated gas composition monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ceramic lead tube (2) is made of insulating ceramic, and the channel diameter for the temperature detection line (12) and voltage detection line (13) is 0.5-2 mm. The channel diameter for the gas sampling port (14) is 1-5 mm.

6. The solid oxide battery zonal testing system with integrated gas composition monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature detection line (12) is a K-type thermocouple, and the distance between the temperature measuring point at the measuring end of the temperature detection line (12) and the surface of the corresponding partition electrode current collector is 1-5 mm.

7. The solid oxide battery zonal testing system with integrated gas composition monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test fixture (17) also includes an axial loading mechanism (6) and an insulating sealing layer (7), wherein the axial loading mechanism (6) applies axial pressure to the air electrode side assembly and the fuel electrode side assembly to press them together, and the insulating sealing layer (7) is an annular structure disposed between the edge of the solid oxide battery (4) and the two metal base plates (1).

8. A test method for a solid oxide battery partition test system using the integrated gas composition monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Assemble the test fixture (17). S2. Place the assembled test fixture (17) in the heating furnace and heat it to the working temperature of the solid oxide battery (4). After the temperature stabilizes, introduce the reaction gas of a preset flow rate into the gas channel (8) of the metal base plate (1) on the air electrode side and the fuel electrode side respectively. S3. Control the solid oxide battery (4) to operate under the set electrochemical conditions, and simultaneously start the data recording and analysis unit (16) to collect and convert the voltage and temperature signals of each zone, and realize the controlled extraction of gas samples through the gas control and analysis system (15). S4. The gas sample is sent into the gas control and analysis system (15) to complete the component analysis, obtain the gas component data of each zone and transmit it to the data recording and analysis unit (16). The data recording and analysis unit (16) performs spatiotemporal fusion and alignment of the gas component data with the voltage data and temperature data of the same time and zone. S5, Data Recording and Analysis Unit (16) generates a spatial distribution map based on the fused multidimensional data. Through correlation analysis of the map, it realizes the performance evaluation and fault diagnosis of solid oxide battery (4).

9. The test method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, the working temperature of the solid oxide battery (4) is 600-850℃. The transmission path of the reaction gas is adapted to the two working modes of the solid oxide battery: fuel cell and electrolytic cell. The types of reaction gas and the detection module of the gas control and analysis system (15) are changed according to different working modes.

10. The test method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S5, the spatial distribution map includes a voltage spatial distribution map, a temperature spatial distribution map, and a gas composition spatial distribution map.

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