Solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier and its preparation method, by mass fraction, including the following raw material components: surface composite modified ceramic polishing brick powder 40~70 parts;Zeolite imidazolate skeleton powder 3~8 parts;Alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder 15~25 parts;Nano TiO2 / ZSM-5 composite photocatalyst 2~6 parts;Silane coupling agent modified graphene 0.5~2 parts.The present application uses ceramic polishing brick powder, alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder and zeolite imidazolate skeleton material as main component, introduces nano TiO2 / ZSM-5 composite photocatalyst as catalytic active center.The modifier can still maintain a certain purification capacity in weak light environment, so as to realize the sustained purification of asphalt flue gas pollutants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solid waste comprehensive utilization technology, specifically relating to a solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Asphalt materials, as the main binder for asphalt concrete pavements, generate a large amount of VOCs and asphalt fumes (CO, NO) during construction and service. X Asphalt (including solid particulate matter) and other pollutants affect the health of on-site workers and weaken the ecological environment. High temperatures in summer also exacerbate the conversion and release rate of harmful substances from asphalt materials. Furthermore, due to the relatively enclosed nature of highway tunnels, the accumulation and conversion of exhaust fumes from numerous vehicles further worsens air quality degradation in the roadside environment. In scenarios such as highway tunnel congestion, tunnel accidents, and ventilation equipment malfunctions, this is detrimental to the passage and physiological safety of road users.

[0003] Currently, the main technical approaches to addressing the aforementioned problems include adding physical adsorbents (such as activated carbon and porous minerals) and photocatalytic materials (such as nano-titanium dioxide). However, physical adsorbents generally suffer from limited adsorption capacity, easy saturation, and failure due to lack of degradation function; while single photocatalytic materials face challenges such as low visible light utilization, easy agglomeration and deactivation of nanoparticles, poor compatibility with asphalt, and difficulty in functioning in areas without light (such as deep tunnels). Moreover, existing asphalt road purification materials mostly focus on pollutant degradation performance under conventional light conditions, but for low-light environments such as tunnel entrances, tunnel transition zones, and semi-dark areas, traditional purification systems often suffer from decreased purification efficiency and insufficient sustained action due to insufficient light intensity and rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier that still possesses good purification capabilities under low-light conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier and its preparation method, thereby solving the problems of insufficient activity and decreased pollutant removal efficiency of existing purification materials under low illumination conditions.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention protects a solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier, which, by weight, comprises the following raw material components: 40-70 parts of surface-modified ceramic polished brick powder; 3-8 parts of zeolite imidazole ester skeleton powder; 15-25 parts of alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder; 2-6 parts of nano-TiO2 / ZSM-5 composite photocatalyst; 0.5 to 2 parts of graphene modified with silane coupling agent.

[0007] The present invention also has the following technical features: Specifically, the preparation of the surface-modified ceramic polished brick powder includes: adding pretreated ceramic polished brick powder to a composite silane solution for reaction, adjusting the pH value to 5.5~6.0 to obtain a reaction solution; centrifuging, washing with ethanol, and vacuum drying at 120~140℃ to obtain the surface-modified ceramic polished brick powder; the mass ratio of the ceramic polished brick powder to the composite silane solution is 1:(5~20). The composite silane solution is composed of deionized water, ethanol, propyltrimethoxysilane and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in a mass ratio of (12~15):(3~4):(4~5):(1~2).

[0008] Furthermore, the zeolite imidazole ester skeleton powder is ZIF-8 powder with a crystal particle size of 50~200 nm, a characteristic pore size of 0.30~0.40 nm, and a specific surface area of ​​600~1000 m² / g.

[0009] Furthermore, the alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder is prepared by mixing fly ash, metakaolin, and silica fume in a mass ratio of (4~6):(2~4):(1~2), followed by composite alkali activation and high-temperature treatment; the silicon-aluminum molar ratio of the alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder is 3.8~4.2, the mesopore size is 2~50 nm, and the specific surface area is ≥300 m² / g.

[0010] Furthermore, in the nano-TiO2 / ZSM-5 composite photocatalyst, the mass ratio of TiO2 to ZSM-5 is 1:(2~8).

[0011] Furthermore, the silane coupling agent modified graphene is a few-layer graphene oxide modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and the number of layers of the silane coupling agent modified graphene is ≤5.

[0012] This invention also protects a method for preparing the above-mentioned solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of surface-modified ceramic polishing brick powder Step 1.1: The ceramic polishing brick powder is ball-milled under an inert atmosphere until the particle size D90 ≤ 30 μm; after sieving and drying, the dried powder is obtained. Step 1.2: Add the dried powder to the composite silane solution and react at 55~65℃ and pH 5.5~6.0 for 30~60 min to obtain the reaction solution; Step 1.3: Centrifuge the obtained reaction solution, wash with ethanol, and vacuum dry at 120~140℃ to obtain the surface-modified ceramic polishing brick powder. Step 2: Preparation of alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder with supported catalyst Step 2.1: Add the formulated amounts of fly ash, metakaolin, and silica fume to the composite alkali activator solution, mix, cast into molds, and cure at 60~80℃ for 48~72h to obtain the geopolymer green body; Step 2.2: After crushing the geopolymer preform, it is subjected to vapor deposition and thermal decomposition treatment in a vapor containing tetrabutyl titanate at 400~500℃ to obtain product A; Step 2.3: Mix product A, template agent, silicon source, aluminum source and water to obtain a mixed solution, and crystallize at 150~200℃ for 20~24h to obtain product B; Step 2.4: Calcine product B at 550~700℃ to obtain alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder supported on catalyst; Step 3: Preparation of solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier Step 3.1: Mix the surface-modified ceramic polishing brick powder, zeolite imidazole ester skeleton powder, alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder with catalyst supported, and silane coupling agent modified graphene to obtain a mixed powder. Step 3.2: Add the mixed powder to deionized water containing a dispersant to obtain a suspension with a solid content of 25-35%; Step 3.3: The suspension is subjected to high-speed shear emulsification and pulsed ultrasonic treatment to obtain a slurry; Step 3.4: Spray dry the slurry to obtain the crude product; Step 3.5: Under nitrogen protection, heat the crude product to 350-450℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / min, hold for 0.5-1.5h, cool and then sieve to obtain the final product.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 2.3, the template agent is selected from any one of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium bromide, and tetrapropylammonium chloride; The aluminum source is selected from any one of aluminum nitrate, aluminum isopropoxide, and sodium aluminate; The silicon source is selected from any one of tetraethyl orthosilicate, silica sol, and sodium silicate; The molar ratio of product A, template agent, silicon source, aluminum source, ZSM-5 molecular sieve and water is 1:(0.05~0.30):(5~30):(0.1~2):(0.05~0.5):(20~60).

[0014] Furthermore, in step 3.3, the high-speed shearing rotation speed is 1500~2000 r / min, the temperature is 70~80℃, and the time is 2~4h; the frequency of the pulsed ultrasonic treatment is 40~60kHz, and the treatment time is 1~2h.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: (I) This invention uses ceramic polished brick powder, alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder, and zeolite imidazole ester framework material as the main components, and constructs a hierarchical porous structure through the synergistic effect between different materials. This structure is composed of micron-sized channels, mesopores, and micropores. Among them, the micron-sized channels are conducive to pollutant transport, while the mesopores and micropores provide a large specific surface area, which can adsorb and enrich volatile organic compounds and sulfur- and nitrogen-containing pollutants in asphalt fumes, thereby forming a high pollutant concentration in the catalytic reaction zone and providing favorable conditions for subsequent catalytic degradation.

[0016] (II) This invention, based on the adsorption and enrichment of pollutants using a porous structure, introduces a nano-TiO2 / ZSM-5 composite photocatalyst as the catalytic active center. After the pollutants are adsorbed in the channels, they can undergo photocatalytic degradation at the catalytic sites. The ZSM-5 molecular sieve provides adsorption sites and promotes pollutant enrichment, while TiO2 generates photogenerated electrons and holes under light conditions, thereby achieving the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants. Through the synergistic effect of adsorption and catalysis, the adsorption saturation problem that easily occurs in traditional adsorption materials can be avoided, improving the continuous purification capacity of pollutants. The nano-TiO2 / ZSM-5 composite catalytic system not only exhibits good catalytic activity under light conditions, but also, under no-light or weak-light conditions, the active oxygen species on the TiO2 surface and the acidic sites of ZSM-5 can promote the low-temperature catalytic oxidation of pollutants. Silane coupling agent-modified graphene can promote electron transport and improve catalytic reaction efficiency, enabling the modifier to maintain a certain purification capacity even in weak-light environments, achieving continuous purification of asphalt fume pollutants. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 Here is a microscopic SEM image of the asphalt modifier prepared in Example 1; The specific content of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, any other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in this invention are those known in the art.

[0020] The technical concept of this application is as follows: By selecting raw material components and designing the process, an asphalt modifier with a tightly coupled system of a three-level gradient pore adsorption network of "macropores-micropores-mesoporosis" and a low-temperature thermocatalytic oxidation center was prepared. Specifically, through process control, a multi-scale pore structure was simultaneously formed and stably maintained inside the material: macropores with a pore size of 1~35 μm are mainly composed of interparticle voids and fissure pores formed by particle stacking and are connected to the outer surface of the material to enable rapid entry and transport of pollutants; mesopores with a pore size of 2~50 nm are mainly distributed on the particle surface and pore wall region and are connected to the macropores to form transitional mass transfer channels for pollutant diffusion; and ultramicropores with a pore size of 0.30~0.40 nm (preferably 0.34 nm) are distributed in the microporous structural units inside the material and are connected to the mesoporous network to adsorb and enrich small molecule pollutants. The above three types of pore structures are constructed by different functional components and form a spatially interconnected composite pore system, thereby forming a gradient mass transfer structure of "macroporous transport, mesoporous diffusion, and microporous adsorption", which enables pollutant gases to be transported, enriched and catalyzed within the material step by step.

[0021] Specifically, a nano-TiO2 / ZSM-5 catalyst loaded in the mesopores of a geopolymer is used. The introduction of ZSM-5 molecular sieves not only provides additional acidic sites but also stabilizes TiO2 nanoparticles through their pore confinement effect, inhibiting their aggregation. Furthermore, it may broaden the photoresponse range of TiO2 through a synergistic effect, enhancing its catalytic activity under visible or weak light in road environments, thus thoroughly degrading pollutants enriched within the pores. The TiO2 / ZSM-5 composite photocatalyst and the alkali-activated porous geopolymer powder are separately defined in terms of raw material composition. In the specific preparation process, the TiO2 / ZSM-5 composite photocatalyst can be loaded onto the surface and within the pores of the alkali-activated porous geopolymer powder, participating in the construction of the final modifier as a composite functional component.

[0022] The addition of silane coupling agent modified graphene utilizes its two-dimensional sheet structure and excellent conductivity to connect different components, promote the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers inside the composite material, and at the same time, its surface functional groups help to enhance the interfacial bonding force between the components and improve the overall stability of the composite material.

[0023] The surface of ceramic polished tile powder was modified with organic compounds to improve the interface; highly dispersed nano-TiO2 / ZSM-5 catalytic centers were constructed in situ on the porous framework of geopolymer; high-speed shearing and ultrasonic synergistic dispersion technology, as well as subsequent spray drying and heat treatment, were used to ensure that nano / micro components such as ZIF-8 and modified graphene were uniformly distributed and firmly bonded in the system.

[0024] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. All equivalent modifications made based on the technical solutions of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of surface-modified ceramic polishing brick powder Take 1 kg of ceramic polishing tile powder, place it in a planetary ball mill, fill it with nitrogen, and ball mill it for 1 hour using zirconia balls as the grinding medium. Then pass it through a 500-mesh sieve. Dry the sieved material under vacuum at 120℃ for 2 hours to obtain pretreated ceramic polishing tile powder (dried powder). Preparation of composite silane solution: 1790g deionized water, 450g anhydrous ethanol, 570g propyltrimethoxysilane and 190g γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane are ultrasonically mixed.

[0026] Take 500g of pretreated ceramic polished tile powder and immerse it in the solution. Stir in a 60℃ water bath, adjust the pH to 5.8 with dilute acetic acid, and react for 45 minutes.

[0027] Centrifuge, wash three times with ethanol, and vacuum dry at 130℃ to constant weight to obtain surface-modified ceramic polishing brick powder; BET test showed that its specific surface area was 150m² / g, and mercury porosimetry showed that its pore size was 8μm.

[0028] Step 2: Preparation of alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder with supported catalyst Weigh 500 g of fly ash, 300 g of metakaolin and 200 g of silica fume, mix them evenly and then add them to the composite alkali activator solution to mix and obtain a uniform slurry; pour the obtained slurry into a mold and cure it at 75℃ for 60 h to obtain a geopolymer green body; The composite alkali activator solution is prepared from 80g NaOH, 250g Na2SiO3 solution (modulus 2.4) and an appropriate amount of deionized water.

[0029] The geopolymer preform was crushed into particles with a diameter of 3-5 mm and placed in a quartz boat in a tubular furnace. An evaporating dish containing 20 g of tetrabutyl titanate was placed downstream of the tubular furnace, and nitrogen gas was introduced at a flow rate of 50 mL / min. The furnace temperature was raised to 450 °C and maintained for 2 h, allowing the tetrabutyl titanate vapor to pass through the particle bed with the carrier gas, where it underwent vapor-phase deposition and thermal decomposition on the porous support surface, forming the TiO2 active component in situ, yielding product A.

[0030] 100 g of product A was weighed and added to 25 g of template agent tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, 40 g of silicon source tetraethyl orthosilicate, 8 g of aluminum source sodium aluminate, and 150 g of deionized water. The mixture was stirred to obtain a mixed solution. The resulting mixed solution was transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reactor and crystallized at 170 °C for 24 h, allowing ZSM-5 molecular sieve to grow in situ within the pores of product A and to combine with the TiO2 active component to obtain product B.

[0031] Product B was removed, filtered, washed until neutral, and dried at 105°C for 12 h.

[0032] The dried product B was placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 600°C for 3 h to obtain alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder with supported catalyst.

[0033] Step 3: Preparation of solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier Weigh out 60 parts of surface-modified ceramic polished tile powder and ZIF-8 powder (commercially available, specific surface area 1850m² / g). 6 parts, 25 parts of alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder with catalyst supported, and 1.5 parts of APTES-modified graphene (3-5 layers) were mixed in a three-dimensional mixer for 30 minutes. Slowly add the mixed powder to an appropriate amount of deionized water containing 0.2% PEG-4000, and stir to form a suspension with a solid content of about 30%. The suspension was placed in a high-speed shear emulsifier and sheared at 75°C and 1800 r / min for 3 h. It was then transferred to an ultrasonic reactor and treated with pulsed ultrasound at 50 kHz for 1.5 h to obtain a slurry. The slurry was spray-dried (inlet air temperature 200℃, outlet air temperature 90℃) and the microspheres were collected. The microspheres were placed in a tube furnace, and nitrogen gas was introduced at a rate of 150 mL / min. The temperature was increased to 400 °C at a rate of 4 °C / min and held for 1 hour. After cooling, the mixture was passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier H1.

[0034] Example 2 The preparation method of the solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier disclosed in this embodiment is the same as the preparation method disclosed in Example 1, except that: the proportion of some raw materials is different, while the content of other components is the same as in Example 1. The final solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier H2 is detailed in Table 1.

[0035] Example 3 The preparation method of the solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier disclosed in this embodiment is the same as the preparation method disclosed in Example 1, except that: the proportion of some raw materials is different, while the content of other components is the same as in Example 1. The final solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier H3 is detailed in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1. Main raw material ratios for Examples 1-3

[0037] Comparative Example 1 The preparation method of the asphalt modifier provided in this comparative example is basically the same as the preparation method disclosed in Example 1, except that ZIF-8 is not added, and the amount of modified brick powder A is increased to 65 parts to obtain asphalt modifier J1.

[0038] Comparative Example 2 The asphalt modifier provided in this comparative example uses a simple mechanically mixed nano-TiO2 (P25) and ordinary porous diatomaceous earth to replace the alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder with a supported catalyst. Other aspects are the same as in Example 1, and asphalt modifier J2 is obtained.

[0039] Comparative Example 3 The preparation method of the asphalt modifier provided in this comparative example is basically the same as the preparation method disclosed in Example 1, except that: high-speed shear-ultrasonic synergistic dispersion and subsequent heat treatment are not used, and the components are simply dry-mixed before use to obtain asphalt modifier J3.

[0040] Performance testing and effect analysis Modified asphalt was prepared by adding each modifier at a dosage of 7% of the asphalt mass to 70# base asphalt, and asphalt and mixture specimens were molded for testing.

[0041] (1) Basic road performance of modified asphalt The penetration (25℃), softening point, ductility (10℃), and basic properties of asphalt were tested according to the specifications. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0042]

[0043] Table 2. Basic Road Performance of Modified Asphalt The results in the table show that, compared with the base asphalt, the modified asphalt prepared in Examples H1 to H3 of this invention exhibits less change in penetration, a significantly higher softening point, and while a slight decrease in ductility, it still maintains a high level. Specifically, the softening point of Examples H1 to H3 is 3.0–5.7 °C higher than that of the base asphalt, indicating that the modifier of this invention can effectively improve the high-temperature stability of asphalt. Compared with comparative examples J1 to J3, the softening point of Examples H1 to H3 is generally higher, and the penetration and ductility remain within a reasonable range, indicating that the modifier of this invention can effectively balance the high-temperature performance and basic road performance of asphalt.

[0044] (2) VOCs adsorption-thermal catalytic oxidation performance A closed reaction system was used. Modified asphalt mixture specimens were placed in a heatable dark chamber, and a nitrogen mixture containing toluene (a VOCs model compound) was introduced. The reaction was carried out at 60℃ (simulating summer road surface temperature). The change in toluene concentration in the outlet gas over time was measured, and the total removal rate (including adsorption and thermocatalytic oxidation) was calculated within 120 min under dark conditions at 60℃. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0045]

[0046] Table 3. VOCs release inhibition effect of modified asphalt As can be seen from the table above, the asphalt modifier provided by this invention exhibits excellent VOCs inhibition effect, with an inhibition rate as high as 71.3% at 120 min. This is attributed to the efficient adsorption of the hierarchical pores and the synergistic effect of the degradation of the photocatalytic components. J2 (poor catalyst dispersibility and low activity) showed acceptable initial effects, but its cumulative inhibition rate was significantly lower than that of the fully optimized system, presumably due to gradual adsorption saturation and insufficient catalytic efficiency. J1 and J3 showed poor effects, confirming the crucial role of the complete hierarchical pore structure and homogeneous dispersion process in exerting the synergistic function of adsorption and catalysis.

[0047] (3) Simulated exhaust gas purification in a low-light environment in a tunnel Molded asphalt mixture rutting slab specimens (300mm×300mm×50mm) were prepared. The specimens were placed in a self-made environmental chamber, through which simulated vehicle exhaust gases (initial concentrations: NOx 150 ppm, HC 120 ppm, CO 100 ppm, CO2 700 ppm) were introduced. The chamber temperature was maintained at 40℃, and the light intensity simulated that of a tunnel entrance section (~100 Lux). The concentrations of each gas were measured after 60 minutes, and the purification efficiency was calculated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0048] Table 4. Vehicle exhaust purification efficiency under low light conditions (60 min)

[0049] The results show that, under low light conditions, the embodiments of the present invention exhibit good purification capabilities for pollutants such as NOx, HC, and CO, with H3 showing the best overall purification effect. This indicates a good synergistic relationship between the TiO2 / ZSM-5 composite photocatalyst, the ZIF-8 porous adsorption structure, and the electron transport enhancement effect of the modified graphene, enabling the system to maintain high activity even under low illumination. Compared with the comparative examples, the system of the present invention is more suitable for exhaust gas pollution control in tunnel entrance sections and semi-lit / semi-dark areas. The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier, characterized in that, By mass, it includes the following raw material components: 40-70 parts of surface-modified ceramic polished brick powder; 3-8 parts of zeolite imidazole ester skeleton powder; 15-25 parts of alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder; 2-6 parts of nano-TiO2 / ZSM-5 composite photocatalyst; 0.5 to 2 parts of graphene modified with silane coupling agent.

2. The solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation of the surface-modified ceramic polished brick powder includes: adding pretreated ceramic polished brick powder to a composite silane solution for reaction, adjusting the pH value to 5.5~6.0 to obtain a reaction solution; centrifuging, washing with ethanol, and vacuum drying at 120~140℃ to obtain the surface-modified ceramic polished brick powder; the mass ratio of the ceramic polished brick powder to the composite silane solution is 1:(5~20). The composite silane solution is composed of deionized water, ethanol, propyltrimethoxysilane and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in a mass ratio of (12~15):(3~4):(4~5):(1~2).

3. The solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The zeolite imidazole ester skeleton powder is ZIF-8 powder, with a crystal particle size of 50~200 nm, a characteristic pore size of 0.30~0.40 nm, and a specific surface area of ​​600~1000 m² / g.

4. The solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder is prepared by mixing fly ash, metakaolin and silica fume in a mass ratio of (4~6):(2~4):(1~2), followed by composite alkali activation and high-temperature treatment. The alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder has a silicon-to-aluminum molar ratio of 3.8 to 4.2, a mesopore size of 2 to 50 nm, and a specific surface area of ​​≥300 m² / g.

5. The solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the nano-TiO2 / ZSM-5 composite photocatalyst, the mass ratio of TiO2 to ZSM-5 is 1:(2~8).

6. The solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The silane coupling agent modified graphene is a few-layer graphene oxide modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and the number of layers of the silane coupling agent modified graphene is ≤5.

7. The preparation method of the solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of surface-modified ceramic polishing brick powder Step 1.1: The ceramic polishing tile powder is ball-milled under an inert atmosphere until the particle size D90≤30μm; after sieving and drying, the pretreated ceramic polishing tile powder is obtained. Step 1.2: Add the pretreated ceramic polished tile powder to the composite silane solution and react at 55~65℃ and pH 5.5~6.0 for 30~60 min to obtain the reaction solution; Step 1.3: Centrifuge the obtained reaction solution, wash with ethanol, and vacuum dry at 120~140℃ to obtain the surface-modified ceramic polishing brick powder. Step 2: Preparation of alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder with supported catalyst Step 2.1: Add the formulated amounts of fly ash, metakaolin, and silica fume to the composite alkali activator solution, mix, cast into molds, and cure at 60~80℃ for 48~72h to obtain the geopolymer green body; Step 2.2: After crushing the geopolymer preform, it is subjected to vapor deposition and thermal decomposition treatment in a vapor containing tetrabutyl titanate at 400~500℃ to obtain product A; Step 2.3: Mix product A, template agent, silicon source, aluminum source and water to obtain a mixed solution, and crystallize at 150~200℃ for 20~24h to obtain product B; Step 2.4: Calcine product B at 550~700℃ to obtain alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder supported on catalyst; Step 3: Preparation of solid waste-based asphalt composite modifier Step 3.1: Mix the surface-modified ceramic polishing brick powder, zeolite imidazole ester skeleton powder, alkali-activated geopolymer porous powder with catalyst supported, and silane coupling agent modified graphene to obtain a mixed powder. Step 3.2: Add the mixed powder to deionized water containing a dispersant to obtain a suspension with a solid content of 25-35%; Step 3.3: The suspension is subjected to high-speed shear emulsification and pulsed ultrasonic treatment to obtain a slurry; Step 3.4: Spray dry the slurry to obtain the crude product; Step 3.5: Under nitrogen protection, heat the crude product to 350-450℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / min, hold for 0.5-1.5h, cool and then sieve to obtain the final product.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step 2.3, the template agent is selected from any one of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium bromide, and tetrapropylammonium chloride; The aluminum source is selected from any one of aluminum nitrate, aluminum isopropoxide, and sodium aluminate; The silicon source is selected from any one of tetraethyl orthosilicate, silica sol, and sodium silicate; The molar ratio of product A, template agent, silicon source, aluminum source, ZSM-5 molecular sieve and water is 1:(0.05~0.30):(5~30):(0.1~2):(0.05~0.5):(20~60).

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step 3.3, the high-speed shearing speed is 1500~2000 r / min, the temperature is 70~80℃, and the time is 2~4h. The frequency of the pulsed ultrasonic treatment is 40~60kHz, and the treatment time is 1~2h.

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