High-voltage and high-current recoverable intelligent electronic fuse protection device and protection method

Abstract

This application provides a high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device and method, specifically relating to the field of power electronic circuit protection technology. The device includes input / output ports, a main power switch module, a current / voltage sampling module, a hardware comparison module, a fast drive module, a control module, and a buffer absorption module. The main power switch module consists of multiple power switch units connected in parallel, carrying and controlling the main power path. The current and voltage sampling modules sample current and voltage respectively and generate signals. The hardware comparison module compares the signals and outputs a fault trigger signal. The fast drive module receives the signal and shuts off the main power path. The control module monitors the device status, integrates a graded protection logic module, and executes recovery logic according to the fault level, achieving automatic recovery from recoverable overloads and sustained shutdown during lockout faults. The buffer absorption module provides overvoltage protection. This device meets the requirements of high-voltage, high-current scenarios, providing multiple hardware-level protections and replacing traditional fuses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power electronic circuit protection technology, and more specifically, to a high-voltage, high-current resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device and protection method. Background Technology

[0002] In high-voltage, high-current industrial and automotive power electronics applications, overcurrent and short-circuit protection of circuit systems is crucial. Traditional one-time fuses, due to their non-resettable nature, need for manual replacement, limited protection functions, and limited response accuracy, are no longer sufficient to meet the demands of modern industrial automation and high-reliability systems. Therefore, resettable smart electronic fuses (eFuses) are gradually becoming an alternative. However, the industry has encountered significant bottlenecks when expanding eFuse technology to higher voltage and higher current levels. Existing mainstream solutions are mostly designed for low-to-medium power levels such as 48V / 100A, with component selection, circuit topology, and heat dissipation architecture all tailored to this level. When directly applied to higher-specification scenarios, they face fundamental challenges such as insufficient voltage withstand, limited current carrying capacity, and incompatible heat dissipation designs.

[0003] To address these needs, existing solutions typically employ a core power circuit composed of low-voltage MOSFETs, integrating basic overcurrent protection and status feedback functions. However, this approach suffers from several shortcomings: First, limited by the voltage withstand and current carrying capacity of low-voltage devices, its hardware architecture is difficult to directly expand to support high-voltage, high-current applications, and the centralized layout is prone to overheating failure during expansion. Second, its protection functions largely rely on software programs for judgment, resulting in delays in fault response and an inability to achieve microsecond-level rapid shutdown. Furthermore, its protection dimensions are usually limited to overcurrent and short circuits, lacking integrated protection against risks such as overvoltage and reverse current. Third, reset after a fault trigger often requires manual intervention, lacking intelligent, hierarchical automatic recovery capabilities suitable for industrial automation scenarios. Therefore, existing eFuse solutions exhibit significant deficiencies in specification adaptability, protection response speed, functional comprehensiveness, and operational intelligence.

[0004] In summary, the urgent problem to be solved is how to address the technical challenges faced by existing recoverable electronic fuses in expanding into high-voltage, high-current applications, where they are limited by their inherent hardware architecture and cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of high withstand voltage / high current, microsecond-level rapid and comprehensive protection, and intelligent hierarchical automatic recovery. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a high-voltage, high-current resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device and method, which at least solves the technical problem that existing resettable electronic fuses, when expanded to high-voltage, high-current application scenarios, cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of high withstand voltage / high current, microsecond-level rapid and comprehensive protection, and intelligent hierarchical automatic recovery due to limitations in their inherent hardware architecture. This enables the device to operate reliably under high-voltage, high-current conditions, providing microsecond-level speed protection against overcurrent, overvoltage, short circuit, and reverse current, and possessing the ability to automatically identify and recover based on the severity of the fault. It replaces traditional fuses and meets the intelligent and highly reliable circuit protection requirements of industrial automation scenarios.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a high-voltage, high-current resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device. The device includes: an input port, an output port, a main power switch module, a current sampling module, a voltage sampling module, a hardware comparison module, a fast drive module, a control module, a hierarchical protection logic module, and a buffer absorption module. The main power switch module is connected in series between the input port and the output port. The main power switch module includes multiple sets of power switch units connected in parallel. The main power switch module is used to carry and control the conduction and cutoff of the main power path. The current sampling module is connected in series in the main power path. The current sampling module is used to sample the current flowing through the main power switch module and generate a current sampling signal. The voltage sampling module is connected to the input port. The voltage sampling module is used to sample the voltage of the input port and generate a voltage sampling signal. The hardware comparison module is electrically connected to both the current sampling module and the voltage sampling module. The hardware comparison module is used to compare the current sampling signal with a preset overcurrent threshold and the voltage sampling signal with a preset overvoltage threshold, and output a fault trigger signal. The input terminal of the fast drive module is connected to the... The output of the hardware comparison module is electrically connected, and the output of the fast drive module is electrically connected to the control terminal of the main power switch module. The fast drive module, upon receiving the fault trigger signal, directly sends a shutdown drive signal to the main power switch module to shut down the main power path. The control module is electrically connected to the hardware comparison module and the fast drive module. The control module receives the fault trigger signal and monitors the status of the protection device. The hierarchical protection logic module is integrated into the control module. The hierarchical protection logic module is used to determine the attribute of the received fault trigger signal... The control module generates a fault level signal characterizing the fault level. The control module is further configured to execute recovery logic based on the fault level signal: when the fault level signal characterizes a recoverable overload, it sends a conduction control signal to the fast drive module after waiting for a first preset delay to restore the main power path; when the fault level signal characterizes a latch-up fault, it maintains a shutdown state until an external reset command is received. The buffer absorption module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal of the input port and the main power switch module. The buffer absorption module includes a series branch of resistors and capacitors connected in parallel and a transient voltage suppression diode.

[0007] Specifically, each group of power switching units includes a first N-channel MOSFET and a second N-channel MOSFET; the source of the first N-channel MOSFET is connected to the source of the second N-channel MOSFET; the drain of the first N-channel MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the input port, and the drain of the second N-channel MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the output port; in all the power switching units, the gates of each first N-channel MOSFET are interconnected to form a first common gate driving point, and the gates of each second N-channel MOSFET are interconnected to form a second common gate driving point, and both the first common gate driving point and the second common gate driving point are connected to the output terminal of the fast drive module.

[0008] Specifically, the protection device further includes a current-sharing resistor, wherein the source connection point of each power switching unit is connected to a common power ground through a current-sharing resistor, and the current-sharing resistor is used to achieve static current balancing among multiple sets of parallel power switching units.

[0009] Specifically, the current sampling module is a sampling resistor; the voltage sampling module is a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor connected between the positive and negative terminals of the input port; the hardware comparison module includes a current comparator and a voltage comparator; the current comparator is connected to both ends of the sampling resistor through a differential amplifier circuit to obtain the current sampling signal, and compares the current sampling signal with a first reference voltage; the non-inverting input terminal of the voltage comparator is connected to the intermediate node of the first voltage divider resistor and the second voltage divider resistor to obtain the voltage sampling signal, and the inverting input terminal of the voltage comparator is connected to a second reference voltage.

[0010] Specifically, the graded protection logic module includes a counter; the graded protection logic module is used to count the number of times the fault trigger signal occurs within a preset time window; wherein, when the number is less than a first threshold, a fault level signal representing a recoverable overload is generated; when the number reaches or exceeds the first threshold, a fault level signal representing a lockout fault is generated.

[0011] Specifically, the protection device further includes an isolation drive module, the input terminal of which is electrically connected to the control module, and the output terminal of which is electrically connected to the enable terminal of the fast drive module; wherein, the control module sends a global enable or disable signal to the fast drive module through the isolation drive module.

[0012] Specifically, the protection device further includes a pre-charging circuit, which includes a pre-charging resistor and a pre-charging switch. The pre-charging resistor and the pre-charging switch are connected in series and then in parallel between the input port and the output port. The control terminal of the pre-charging switch is electrically connected to the control module. The control module is used to control the pre-charging switch to turn on to limit the current charging of the load on the output port side when the protection device is powered on, and then control the main power switch module to turn on.

[0013] Specifically, the protection device further includes a temperature sampling module, which is thermally coupled to the main power switch module. The temperature sampling module is used to collect the temperature signal of the main power switch module and send it to the control module. The control module is also used to send a shutdown command to the fast drive module when the temperature signal exceeds a preset over-temperature threshold.

[0014] Specifically, the protection device further includes a reverse current blocking module, which is connected in series between the input port and the main power switch module. The control terminal of the reverse current blocking module is electrically connected to the hardware comparison module. The reverse current blocking module is used to quickly shut down according to the fault trigger signal generated by the hardware comparison module when a reverse current is detected.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention provides a high-voltage, high-current, recoverable smart electronic fuse protection method, the method comprising: The main power path current is carried and switched on and off by multiple sets of parallel power switching units; The current is sampled in real time by a current sampling module connected in series in the main power path to generate a current sampling signal, and the voltage is sampled in real time by a voltage sampling module connected to the input port to generate a voltage sampling signal. The current sampling signal and the voltage sampling signal are compared with the overcurrent threshold and the overvoltage threshold in real time by a hardware comparison module. When the current sampling signal exceeds the overcurrent threshold or the voltage sampling signal exceeds the overvoltage threshold, a fault trigger signal is immediately generated by the hardware comparison module. When the fault trigger signal is received, the fast drive module directly shuts down the power switch unit. The fault trigger signal is analyzed by the graded protection logic module to generate a fault level signal; The control module executes recovery logic based on the fault level signal: if it is a recoverable overload, it controls the fast drive module to re-turn on the power switch unit after a first preset delay; if it is a latch-up fault, it maintains the shutdown and waits for an external reset.

[0016] This application provides a high-voltage, high-current resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device and method. The protection device includes input / output ports, a main power switch module, a current / voltage sampling module, a hardware comparison module, a fast drive module, a control module, and a buffer absorption module. The main power switch module consists of multiple power switch units connected in parallel, controlling the on / off state of the main power path. The current and voltage sampling modules sample current and voltage to generate signals. The hardware comparison module compares the signals and outputs a fault trigger signal. The fast drive module receives the signal and shuts off the main power path. The control module monitors the device status, integrates a graded protection logic module, generates a fault level signal based on the fault trigger signal attributes, and executes recovery logic: for recoverable overloads, it restores the path after a delay; for locked-out faults, it maintains the shutdown until reset. The buffer absorption module provides overvoltage protection. This device meets the requirements of high-voltage, high-current scenarios, achieves microsecond-level multi-hardware protection, has automatic fault identification and recovery capabilities, can replace traditional fuses, and meets the protection needs of industrial automation circuits. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 A connection diagram of the high-voltage, high-current resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device provided in this application; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection method provided in this application.

[0018] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0021] In this invention, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0022] This application provides a high-voltage, high-current resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device and method. Addressing the upgrade requirements of resettable electronic fuses in high-voltage, high-current scenarios, this device integrates multiple protection and intelligent recovery functions. A main power switch module with multiple power switch units connected in parallel meets high voltage / high current requirements; a current and voltage sampling module, in conjunction with a hardware comparison module, achieves microsecond-level overcurrent / overvoltage detection; a fast drive module directly shuts off the circuit to complete hardware-level protection; a control module integrates hierarchical protection logic, automatically executing delayed recovery or blocking protection based on the fault level; and a buffer absorption module suppresses voltage spikes, collectively constructing a highly reliable and intelligent circuit protection system.

[0023] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the high-voltage, high-current resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device provided in this application is shown below. Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a high-voltage, high-current resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device. The device includes: an input port, an output port, a main power switch module, a current sampling module, a voltage sampling module, a hardware comparison module, a fast drive module, a control module, a hierarchical protection logic module, and a buffer absorption module. The main power switch module is connected in series between the input port and the output port. The main power switch module includes multiple sets of power switch units connected in parallel. The main power switch module is used to carry and control the conduction and cutoff of the main power path. The current sampling module is connected in series in the main power path. The current sampling module is used to sample the current flowing through the main power switch module and generate a current sampling signal. The voltage sampling module is connected to the input port. The voltage sampling module is used to sample the voltage of the input port and generate a voltage sampling signal. The hardware comparison module is electrically connected to both the current sampling module and the voltage sampling module. The hardware comparison module is used to compare the current sampling signal with a preset overcurrent threshold and the voltage sampling signal with a preset overvoltage threshold, and output a fault trigger signal. The input terminal of the fast drive module is connected to the hardware comparison module. The output terminal of the block is electrically connected, and the output terminal of the fast drive module is electrically connected to the control terminal of the main power switch module. The fast drive module is used to directly send a shutdown drive signal to the main power switch module to shut down the main power path upon receiving the fault trigger signal. The control module is electrically connected to the hardware comparison module and the fast drive module. The control module is used to receive the fault trigger signal and monitor the status of the protection device. The hierarchical protection logic module is integrated into the control module. The hierarchical protection logic module is used to determine the attributes of the received fault trigger signal. A fault level signal characterizing the fault level is generated; wherein, the control module is further configured to execute recovery logic based on the fault level signal: when the fault level signal characterizes a recoverable overload, after waiting for a first preset delay, a conduction control signal is sent to the fast drive module to restore the main power path; when the fault level signal characterizes a latch-up fault, the shutdown state is maintained until an external reset command is received; the buffer absorption module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal of the input port and the main power switch module, and the buffer absorption module includes a series branch of resistors and capacitors connected in parallel and a transient voltage suppression diode.

[0025] Specifically, each group of power switching units includes a first N-channel MOSFET and a second N-channel MOSFET; the source of the first N-channel MOSFET is connected to the source of the second N-channel MOSFET; the drain of the first N-channel MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the input port, and the drain of the second N-channel MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the output port; in all the power switching units, the gates of each first N-channel MOSFET are interconnected to form a first common gate driving point, and the gates of each second N-channel MOSFET are interconnected to form a second common gate driving point, and both the first common gate driving point and the second common gate driving point are connected to the output terminal of the fast drive module.

[0026] Specifically, the protection device further includes a current-sharing resistor, wherein the source connection point of each power switching unit is connected to a common power ground through a current-sharing resistor, and the current-sharing resistor is used to achieve static current balancing among multiple sets of parallel power switching units.

[0027] Specifically, the current sampling module is a sampling resistor; the voltage sampling module is a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor connected between the positive and negative terminals of the input port; the hardware comparison module includes a current comparator and a voltage comparator; the current comparator is connected to both ends of the sampling resistor through a differential amplifier circuit to obtain the current sampling signal, and compares the current sampling signal with a first reference voltage; the non-inverting input terminal of the voltage comparator is connected to the intermediate node of the first voltage divider resistor and the second voltage divider resistor to obtain the voltage sampling signal, and the inverting input terminal of the voltage comparator is connected to a second reference voltage.

[0028] Specifically, the graded protection logic module includes a counter; the graded protection logic module is used to count the number of times the fault trigger signal occurs within a preset time window; wherein, when the number is less than a first threshold, a fault level signal representing a recoverable overload is generated; when the number reaches or exceeds the first threshold, a fault level signal representing a lockout fault is generated.

[0029] Specifically, the protection device further includes an isolation drive module, the input terminal of which is electrically connected to the control module, and the output terminal of which is electrically connected to the enable terminal of the fast drive module; wherein, the control module sends a global enable or disable signal to the fast drive module through the isolation drive module.

[0030] Specifically, the protection device further includes a pre-charging circuit, which includes a pre-charging resistor and a pre-charging switch. The pre-charging resistor and the pre-charging switch are connected in series and then in parallel between the input port and the output port. The control terminal of the pre-charging switch is electrically connected to the control module. The control module is used to control the pre-charging switch to turn on to limit the current charging of the load on the output port side when the protection device is powered on, and then control the main power switch module to turn on.

[0031] Specifically, the protection device further includes a temperature sampling module, which is thermally coupled to the main power switch module. The temperature sampling module is used to collect the temperature signal of the main power switch module and send it to the control module. The control module is also used to send a shutdown command to the fast drive module when the temperature signal exceeds a preset over-temperature threshold.

[0032] Specifically, the protection device further includes a reverse current blocking module, which is connected in series between the input port and the main power switch module. The control terminal of the reverse current blocking module is electrically connected to the hardware comparison module. The reverse current blocking module is used to quickly shut down according to the fault trigger signal generated by the hardware comparison module when a reverse current is detected.

[0033] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a high-voltage, high-current resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device. The protection device includes: an input port, an output port, a main power switch module, a current sampling module, a voltage sampling module, a hardware comparison module, a fast drive module, a control module, a hierarchical protection logic module, and a buffer absorption module.

[0034] The input port is used to connect to the positive and negative terminals of an external high-voltage DC power supply. The output port is used to connect to the positive and negative terminals of the protected load circuit.

[0035] The main power switch module is connected in series between the input port and the output port, specifically between the positive terminal of the input port and the positive terminal of the output port. The main power switch module carries the large current of the main circuit and controls the conduction and cutoff of the main power path. To achieve high-voltage, high-current carrying capacity and improve system reliability, the main power switch module includes multiple sets of power switch units connected in parallel, for example, five sets. Each power switch unit includes a first N-channel MOSFET and a second N-channel MOSFET. The source of the first N-channel MOSFET is directly connected to the source of the second N-channel MOSFET, forming a common source connection point for the unit. The drain of the first N-channel MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the input port, and the drain of the second N-channel MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the output port. This back-to-back series connection allows each power switch unit to have bidirectional current blocking capability, preventing reverse current flow. In all parallel power switching units, the gate pins of each first N-channel MOSFET are interconnected via wires or PCB traces to form a first common gate drive point; the gate pins of each second N-channel MOSFET are also interconnected to form a second common gate drive point. Both the first and second common gate drive points are connected to the output of the fast drive module. This connection method allows the fast drive module to output the same drive signal, synchronously driving the first and second N-channel MOSFETs in all parallel power switching units, ensuring they are turned on or off simultaneously. This coordinates and controls the main power path, avoiding current surges or voltage imbalances caused by asynchronous driving.

[0036] The protection device also includes a current-sharing resistor. The common source connection point of each power switching unit is connected to the common power ground through one of these current-sharing resistors. The current-sharing resistor is a precision resistor with a very small resistance. During operation, due to slight differences in parameters such as the on-resistance of the first N-channel MOSFET and the second N-channel MOSFET in each power switching unit, the current in each branch may be uneven if directly connected in parallel. By connecting a current-sharing resistor in series with the source of each branch, a small negative feedback voltage is generated across the current-sharing resistor when current flows through it. This voltage affects the gate-source voltage of the corresponding MOSFET, automatically adjusting its conduction level and promoting current balance among the parallel branches, thereby achieving static current balance among multiple sets of parallel power switching units. This current-sharing measure effectively avoids overheating damage to individual MOSFETs caused by uneven current distribution, significantly improving the long-term operational reliability and overall current-carrying capacity of the main power switching module under high current conditions.

[0037] The current sampling module is connected in series in the main power path, specifically between the negative terminal of the input port and the common power ground. The current sampling module is a sampling resistor with a known resistance. When the main power current flows through this sampling resistor, according to Ohm's law, a voltage difference proportional to the current magnitude will be generated across the sampling resistor. This voltage difference is the current sampling signal reflecting the magnitude of the main circuit current. Using a series sampling method ensures sampling accuracy and directly reflects the actual path current.

[0038] The voltage sampling module is connected to the input port. The voltage sampling module includes a first voltage-dividing resistor and a second voltage-dividing resistor connected between the positive terminal of the input port and the common power ground. The first and second voltage-dividing resistors are connected in series to form a resistor voltage divider network. The voltage to ground at the connection point of the first and second voltage-dividing resistors, i.e., the intermediate node, has a fixed voltage division ratio with the input port voltage. This intermediate node voltage is the voltage sampling signal reflecting the magnitude of the input port voltage. By selecting an appropriate resistor ratio, the high-voltage input signal can be converted into a low-voltage measurement signal, facilitating processing by subsequent circuitry.

[0039] The hardware comparison module is electrically connected to both the current sampling module and the voltage sampling module. The hardware comparison module includes a current comparator and a voltage comparator. The current comparator is connected to both ends of the sampling resistor via a differential amplifier circuit to obtain the current sampling signal. The differential amplifier circuit consists of an operational amplifier, a matched input resistor, and a feedback resistor. Its function is to suppress the common-mode interference voltage across the sampling resistor to ground and accurately amplify the differential voltage (i.e., the current sampling signal) across the sampling resistor, outputting an amplified single-ended voltage signal with a common power ground as the reference. The non-inverting input of the current comparator is connected to this amplified single-ended voltage signal, and the inverting input is connected to a stable, adjustable first reference voltage source. The voltage value output by this first reference voltage source corresponds to the voltage value converted from the overcurrent threshold to be protected. The non-inverting input of the voltage comparator is directly connected to the intermediate node of the first and second voltage divider resistors via a wire to obtain the voltage sampling signal. The inverting input of the voltage comparator is connected to a stable, adjustable second reference voltage source. The voltage output of this second reference voltage source corresponds to the voltage value converted from the overvoltage threshold to be protected. The outputs of the current comparator and the voltage comparator are respectively connected to the two inputs of an OR gate logic circuit. The output of the OR gate logic circuit outputs the final fault trigger signal. Its working principle is as follows: When the main circuit current is normal, the amplified current signal is lower than the first reference voltage, and the current comparator outputs a low level; when the input voltage is normal, the voltage sampling signal is lower than the second reference voltage, and the voltage comparator outputs a low level. At this time, the OR gate logic circuit outputs a low level, indicating no fault. When the main circuit current exceeds the set threshold, causing the amplified current signal to be higher than the first reference voltage, the current comparator output immediately flips to a high level; or when the input voltage exceeds the set threshold, causing the voltage sampling signal to be higher than the second reference voltage, the voltage comparator output immediately flips to a high level. As long as either the current comparator or the voltage comparator outputs a high level, the fault trigger signal output by the OR gate logic circuit will immediately jump from a low level to a high level. This detection path, consisting of sampling resistors, voltage divider resistors, operational amplifiers, comparators, reference voltage sources, and OR gate logic circuits, is entirely implemented in hardware, without relying on any software polling or interrupt handling. This completely eliminates software latency and enables signal comparison and fault trigger signal generation within microseconds, achieving rapid and accurate detection of overcurrent and overvoltage faults. The input terminal of the fast drive module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the hardware comparison module (i.e., the output terminal of the OR gate logic circuit). The output terminal of the fast drive module is electrically connected to the control terminal of the main power switch module (i.e., the first common gate drive point and the second common gate drive point). The fast drive module can be a gate drive integrated circuit dedicated to driving power MOSFETs, which integrates level conversion and current amplification circuits to provide instantaneous high current pull-sink capability for rapid charging and discharging of the MOSFET gate capacitor. When the protection device is working normally, under the global enable of the control module, the fast drive module outputs a high-level drive voltage (e.g., +12V) to the first common gate drive point and the second common gate drive point, so that all first N-channel MOSFETs and second N-channel MOSFETs are fully turned on, and the main power path presents a low-resistance state. When the input of the fast drive module receives a high-level fault trigger signal from the hardware comparator module, this signal directly acts on the shutdown logic inside the fast drive module. The drive module immediately forces the voltage output to the first common gate drive point and the second common gate drive point to a low level (close to 0V), thereby directly and synchronously pulling down the gate voltage of all MOSFETs in the main power switch module, causing them to turn off rapidly, and the main power path is cut off at high speed. This direct-drive mechanism of "fault trigger signal → fast drive module → power switch gate" has an extremely short signal path and no intermediate processing links, ensuring that protective shutdown actions are performed in a very short time (microseconds) after a fault occurs. It is the core execution link for realizing fast protection.

[0040] The control module is electrically connected to the hardware comparison module and the fast drive module. The control module can be a microcontroller unit integrating a central processing unit, memory, and various peripherals. One general-purpose input / output port of the control module is connected to the output of the hardware comparison module to monitor and capture the rising edge of the fault trigger signal and record the occurrence of the fault event. Another general-purpose input / output port of the control module is connected to the enable port of the fast drive module to send global enable or disable commands to the fast drive module, thereby controlling the overall start and stop of the protection device. The control module also includes an analog-to-digital converter, a timer, and a communication interface.

[0041] The hierarchical protection logic module is integrated into the control module and is a program function module implemented in software and running inside the microcontroller of the control module. The hierarchical protection logic module implements a counter function at the software level. The input to the hierarchical protection logic module is the transition event of the fault trigger signal. Its internal processing logic is as follows: a configurable preset time window (e.g., 10 seconds) is set within the program, and a software counter is maintained. Whenever the input port of the control module detects a transition of the fault trigger signal from low to high level (representing a fault event), the counter value in the hierarchical protection logic module is incremented by 1. Simultaneously, the program continuously checks the count value within the time window. When the number of fault trigger signals counted within the preset time window is less than a preset first threshold (e.g., 3 times), the hierarchical protection logic module generates a fault level signal characterized as "recoverable overload". When the number of fault trigger signals counted within the preset time window reaches or exceeds the first threshold, the hierarchical protection logic module generates a fault level signal characterized as "blocking fault". This software discrimination algorithm based on the frequency of fault events can effectively distinguish between occasional, transient instantaneous overloads (such as motor starting current) and continuous, severe faults (such as short circuits), providing a basis for decision-making for subsequent differentiated recovery strategies.

[0042] The control module is also used to execute recovery logic based on the fault level signal generated by the graded protection logic module. The program running inside the control module includes conditional judgment and timer control logic. When the fault level signal indicates "recoverable overload," the control module starts an internal timer after the current fault shutdown action, waiting for a first preset delay (e.g., 2 seconds) to allow transient interference that might cause the fault to disappear. After the first preset delay, the control module sends a high-level conduction control signal to the enable terminal of the fast drive module through its general-purpose input / output port, re-enabling the fast drive module. Once enabled, the fast drive module resumes outputting a high-level drive voltage to the first common gate drive point and the second common gate drive point, thereby re-enabling the main power switch module and attempting to restore power supply. When the fault level signal indicates "blocking fault," the control module will maintain the state of sending shutdown commands to the fast drive module and will no longer attempt automatic recovery, thus locking the main power switch module in the off state. The control module will send fault alarm information to the host computer system through its communication interface (e.g., UART, CAN bus). The control module will only release the lockout and perform the recovery operation after receiving a clear external reset command from the host computer system through the communication interface. This intelligent recovery logic enables unattended automatic recovery from minor, occasional faults, reducing maintenance costs. Simultaneously, it implements hardware lockout and requests manual intervention for serious, persistent faults, avoiding repeated attempts to reconnect circuits and equipment before the fault is resolved, thus preventing secondary damage and meeting the requirements of intelligent protection and high reliability in industrial automation scenarios.

[0043] The buffer absorption module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal of the input port and the main power switching module, specifically between the drain and common source connection point of the first N-channel MOSFET, i.e., across the two ends of the main power switching module. The buffer absorption module includes a resistor-capacitor series branch and a transient voltage suppressor diode, which are connected in parallel. The resistor-capacitor series branch consists of a non-inductive absorption resistor and a high-voltage absorption capacitor connected in series. The reverse breakdown voltage of the transient voltage suppressor diode is set within a safe range that is higher than the maximum value of the input voltage during normal circuit operation but lower than the rated withstand voltage of the MOSFET in the main power switching module. When the fast drive module responds to the fault trigger signal and quickly shuts off the large current in the main power switching module, the parasitic inductance of the line and the load inductance in the main power circuit will generate a very high induced voltage spike (shutdown overvoltage). At this time, the resistor-capacitor series branch (i.e., the RC buffer circuit) provides a discharge path for the energy stored in the inductor; the absorption resistor is used to dissipate some energy, and the absorption capacitor is used to slow down the voltage rise rate, thereby suppressing the voltage spike. Meanwhile, if the voltage spike exceeds the breakdown voltage of the transient voltage suppressor diode, the transient voltage suppressor diode will quickly avalanche breakdown and conduct, clamping the voltage between the drain and source of the MOSFET to a safe clamping voltage value. This effectively eliminates the switching arc during the turn-off process, protects the MOSFET in the main power switching module from high voltage spike breakdown, and significantly improves the device's reliability and device safety when performing fast turn-off protection under high voltage and high current conditions.

[0044] Specifically, the protection device further includes an isolation drive module. The input terminal of the isolation drive module is electrically connected to a general-purpose input / output port of the control module via an optocoupler or digital isolator chip. The LED side of the optocoupler's input terminal is connected to the control module port, and the phototransistor side of its output terminal is connected to the input of the isolation drive module. The output terminal of the isolation drive module is electrically connected to the enable terminal of the fast drive module. The control module sends high / low level signals to the general-purpose input / output port connected to the optocoupler. After electrical isolation by the optocoupler, the control module controls the output state of the isolation drive module, thereby controlling the global enable or disable of the fast drive module. This achieves electrical isolation between the low-voltage control circuit where the control module resides and the high-voltage power circuit where the fast drive module and the main power switch module reside, cutting off the ground loop and greatly enhancing the system's ability to resist common-mode interference and operational safety.

[0045] Specifically, the protection device also includes a pre-charging circuit. The pre-charging circuit includes a pre-charging resistor and a pre-charging switch. The pre-charging resistor and pre-charging switch are connected in series and then in parallel between the input port and the output port, i.e., in parallel across the main power switching module. The pre-charging switch can be an N-channel MOSFET. The gate of the pre-charging switch is electrically connected to a general-purpose input / output port of the control module. When the protection device is initially powered on, the control module's program control logic is as follows: first, the main power switching module is kept off, while the gate of the pre-charging switch is set to a high level to turn it on. At this time, the input current flows through the pre-charging resistor to current-limit the charging of the load capacitor (capacitive load) connected to the output port. The resistance value of the pre-charging resistor limits the maximum charging current, thereby effectively suppressing the huge power-on surge current and avoiding impact on the input power supply and internal components of the device. The control module continuously reads the voltage sampling signal from the voltage sampling module through its analog-to-digital converter. When the output voltage (i.e., the load capacitor voltage) is detected to have charged to near the input voltage (e.g., reaching 90% of the input voltage), the control module determines that pre-charging is complete. Its program logic controls the gate of the pre-charging switch to a low level to turn it off, and simultaneously sends a turn-on control signal through the isolation drive module and the fast drive module to turn on the main power switch module. The device then enters a normal operating state with low on-resistance. This pre-charging process achieves a smooth soft start, making it particularly suitable for applications with large-capacity capacitor loads at the back end.

[0046] Specifically, the protection device also includes a temperature sampling module. The temperature sampling module includes a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. This thermistor is tightly attached to the surface of the metal heatsink of the main power switching module or the housing of the power device using thermally conductive grease or adhesive, achieving physical contact thermal coupling with the main power switching module. The thermistor is connected in series with a high-precision pull-up resistor, forming a voltage divider circuit between the stable reference voltage provided by the control module and ground. The voltage at the connection point between the thermistor and the pull-up resistor changes with the thermistor's resistance (i.e., temperature). This connection point is electrically connected to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) port of the control module. The ADC of the control module periodically samples the voltage value at this point as a temperature signal reflecting the operating temperature of the main power switching module. The internal program of the control module stores a temperature-resistance characteristic table for the thermistor, converting the sampled voltage value into a specific temperature value through table lookup and calculation. The internal program of the control module also sets an over-temperature threshold. When the temperature signal value calculated by the control module exceeds the preset over-temperature threshold, it indicates that the main power switch module may be overheating due to overload or poor heat dissipation. The control module will immediately and actively send a shutdown command to the fast drive module (or through the isolation drive module) through its general input / output port to trigger the main power switch module to shut down, thereby realizing the overheat protection function and preventing the power device from being permanently damaged by excessive junction temperature.

[0047] Specifically, the protection device also includes a reverse current blocking module. This module is connected in series between the input port and the main power switching module, specifically between the positive terminal of the input port and the drain of the first N-channel MOSFET. The reverse current blocking module can be a high-voltage P-channel MOSFET, with its source connected to the positive terminal of the input port and its drain connected to the main power switching module. The gate of the reverse current blocking module serves as a control terminal and is electrically connected to the hardware comparator module. The hardware comparator module can integrate an additional comparator circuit specifically for detecting current direction. This circuit identifies the current direction by determining the polarity of the current sampling signal (or amplified signal). When current is detected flowing from the output terminal to the input terminal (i.e., reverse current), this direction comparator circuit generates a high-level fault trigger signal. Upon receiving this fault trigger signal, the reverse current blocking module immediately and quickly shuts off its internal P-channel MOSFET, thereby blocking the reverse current path within microseconds. This prevents the backflow of power or fault current from the load side into the upstream power supply or bus, achieving rapid isolation protection against reverse current.

[0048] This embodiment provides a high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device, including an input / output port, a main power switch module connected in series, and multiple power switch units connected in parallel to carry and control the conduction and shutdown of the main power path. A current sampling module is connected in series to sample the current of the main power path, and a voltage sampling module is connected to the input port to sample the voltage, both generating sampling signals respectively. A hardware comparison module compares the sampling signal with a preset threshold and outputs a fault trigger signal. A fast drive module receives the signal and directly shuts off the main power path. A control module monitors the device status, and its integrated hierarchical protection logic module generates a fault level signal based on the fault trigger signal attributes. The control module executes recovery logic according to the fault level signal: for recoverable overloads, the path is restored after a delay; for lockout faults, the path is maintained until reset. A buffer absorption module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal of the input port and the main power switch module to provide overvoltage protection. This device meets the requirements of high voltage and high current, achieves microsecond-level multi-hardware protection, has automatic fault identification and recovery capabilities, can replace traditional fuses, and meets the protection needs of industrial automation circuits.

[0049] Figure 2 A connection diagram for the high-voltage, high-current resettable smart electronic fuse protection method provided in this application is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection method provided in this embodiment is applied to... Figure 1 The high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device described in the embodiment includes the following method: S101: The main power path current is carried and switched on and off through multiple sets of parallel power switching units.

[0050] In practical implementation: The main power switching module consists of multiple sets of parallel power switching units. The specific structure of each power switching unit is as follows: the source of a first N-channel MOSFET is directly connected to the source of a second N-channel MOSFET; the drain of the first N-channel MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the input port, and the drain of the second N-channel MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the output port. The gates of the first N-channel MOSFETs in all power switching units are short-circuited to form a first common gate drive point; the gates of all second N-channel MOSFETs are short-circuited to form a second common gate drive point. Both the first and second common gate drive points are connected to the output terminal of the fast drive module. When the fast drive module applies a positive drive voltage (e.g., +12V) higher than the MOSFET threshold voltage to the first and second common gate drive points, all the parallel first and second N-channel MOSFETs conduct synchronously, establishing the main power path. The load current is shared by multiple sets of parallel units, thereby improving the overall current carrying capacity to meet the high voltage and high current requirements. When the drive voltage is removed or pulled low, all MOSFETs turn off synchronously, cutting off the main power path. The back-to-back series connection of the first N-channel MOSFET and the second N-channel MOSFET gives each unit bidirectional blocking capability, preventing reverse current flow.

[0051] This step constructs a core power switching topology capable of withstanding high voltage and high current. By connecting multiple power devices in parallel, the total current is distributed, reducing the current stress and conduction losses of individual devices. By connecting back-to-back MOSFETs in series, bidirectional current control and blocking are achieved. A unified gate drive point ensures the synchronous operation of all switching units, avoiding current unevenness or voltage surges caused by differences in switching timing, thus providing a physical basis for subsequent fast and reliable protection.

[0052] S102: The current is sampled in real time by a current sampling module connected in series in the main power path to generate a current sampling signal, and the voltage is sampled in real time by a voltage sampling module connected to the input port to generate a voltage sampling signal.

[0053] In practical implementation: The current sampling module is a sampling resistor with a known resistance value Rs, which is connected in series in the main power current loop between the negative terminal of the input port and the common power ground. According to Ohm's law, when the current I_flow flows through the sampling resistor, a differential voltage V_sense_I is generated across the sampling resistor, V_sense_I = I_flow * Rs. This differential voltage V_sense_I is the current sampling signal reflecting the real-time current. The voltage sampling module consists of a first voltage divider resistor R1 and a second voltage divider resistor R2. The first voltage divider resistor R1 and the second voltage divider resistor R2 are connected in series between the positive terminal of the input port and the common power ground. According to the principle of resistor voltage division, the voltage V_sense_U at the connection point (intermediate node) of the first voltage divider resistor R1 and the second voltage divider resistor R2 satisfies the relationship with the input port voltage V_in: V_sense_U = V_in * [R2 / (R1 + R2)]. This intermediate node voltage V_sense_U is the voltage sampling signal reflecting the real-time input voltage.

[0054] This step enables continuous, time-free monitoring of key electrical parameters (current and voltage) in the main circuit. The physical quantity of current is converted into a measurable voltage signal V_sense_I, and the potentially high input voltage V_in is scaled proportionally to a safe low-voltage measurement signal V_sense_U. This provides an accurate and linear input source for subsequent hardware comparison circuits, serving as a prerequisite for the entire protection function.

[0055] S103: The current sampling signal and the voltage sampling signal are compared with the overcurrent threshold and the overvoltage threshold in real time through the hardware comparison module.

[0056] In practical implementation: The hardware comparison module includes a current comparator and a voltage comparator. The specific connection of the current comparator is as follows: The differential voltage V_sense_I generated across the sampling resistor is first fed into a differential amplifier circuit composed of operational amplifiers. This differential amplifier circuit amplifies V_sense_I by a factor of K and converts it into a single-ended voltage signal V_amp_I referenced to ground, i.e., V_amp_I = K * V_sense_I. The non-inverting input of the current comparator is connected to V_amp_I, and the inverting input is connected to a stable first reference voltage V_ref_I. The value of V_ref_I corresponds to the voltage value converted from the preset overcurrent threshold I_th (i.e., V_ref_I = K * I_th * Rs). The voltage comparator is specifically connected as follows: the non-inverting input is directly connected to the voltage V_sense_U at the midpoint between the first voltage divider resistor R1 and the second voltage divider resistor R2. The inverting input is connected to a stable second reference voltage V_ref_U, the value of which corresponds to the voltage value converted from the preset overvoltage threshold V_th (i.e., V_ref_U = V_th * [R2 / (R1 + R2)]). The current comparator continuously compares V_amp_I with V_ref_I, and the voltage comparator continuously compares V_sense_U with V_ref_U.

[0057] This step establishes a real-time comparison mechanism implemented purely with analog circuitry (operational amplifier, comparator, reference voltage source) without software intervention. This mechanism compares the continuously monitored current and voltage signals V_amp_I and V_sense_U with preset protection thresholds V_ref_I and V_ref_U, providing direct hardware level signals for the next step of determining whether a fault has occurred. Because the comparison process is entirely performed in hardware, its response speed can reach the microsecond level, providing a core basis for rapid protection decisions.

[0058] S104: When the current sampling signal exceeds the overcurrent threshold or the voltage sampling signal exceeds the overvoltage threshold, a fault trigger signal is immediately generated by the hardware comparison module.

[0059] During specific implementation: In the comparison circuit established in step S103, if the main circuit current is normal, then V_amp_I < V_ref_I, and the current comparator outputs a logic low level; if the input voltage is normal, then V_sense_U < V_ref_U, and the voltage comparator outputs a logic low level. The output terminals of the current comparator and the voltage comparator are connected to the input terminals of an OR gate logic circuit. As long as either condition of V_amp_I > V_ref_I (overcurrent) or V_sense_U > V_ref_U (overvoltage) is satisfied, the output of the corresponding comparator will immediately flip to a logic high level. This high-level signal passes through the OR gate logic circuit, causing the output signal FAULT of the OR gate logic circuit to jump from a logic low level to a logic high level. This FAULT signal is the fault trigger signal. Its generation is instantaneous and only depends on the propagation delay of the comparator and the switching delay of the OR gate logic circuit, usually in the microsecond range.

[0060] In this step, the comparison result in step S103 is converted into a unified and digital fault indication signal FAULT. The high-level state of this signal clearly indicates the occurrence of an overcurrent or overvoltage fault. Through the "OR" logic, centralized detection and triggering of multiple types of faults (overcurrent, overvoltage) are achieved, simplifying the response logic of the subsequent circuit and ensuring that any type of fault can be immediately captured and transmitted to the actuator.

[0061] S105: When receiving the fault trigger signal, directly turn off the power switch unit through the fast drive module.

[0062] During specific implementation: The input terminal of the fast drive module is directly electrically connected to the fault trigger signal FAULT output by the OR gate logic circuit in step S104. The output terminal of the fast drive module is electrically connected to the first common gate drive point and the second common gate drive point of the power switch unit. In the normal fault-free state, FAULT is at a low level. When the enable terminal of the fast drive module is valid, it outputs a high-level drive voltage (such as +12V) to the first common gate drive point and the second common gate drive point to maintain the conduction of the power switch unit. When the FAULT signal jumps to a high level, this high-level signal directly acts on the internal shutdown control circuit of the fast drive module. The fast drive module immediately responds and forcibly pulls down the voltage output to the first common gate drive point and the second common gate drive point to a low level (close to 0V). Since the gates of all power switch units are connected to these two drive points, the gate-source voltage is pulled down, causing the gate-source voltages of all first N-channel MOS transistors and second N-channel MOS transistors to be lower than the threshold voltage, so that all parallel power switch units enter the off state synchronously and quickly, and the main power path is cut off.

[0063] This step performs a rapid protective shutdown operation. The path from the fault trigger signal FAULT to the shutdown of the power switch unit is a direct hardware link, without passing through any software program judgment and scheduling, achieving a microsecond-level rapid response from fault detection to execution of shutdown. This effectively suppresses the further growth of the fault current, protects the safety of the subsequent load and the device itself, and is the key execution step reflecting the core advantage of "rapid protection".

[0064] S106: Analyze the fault trigger signal through the hierarchical protection logic module to generate a fault level signal.

[0065] Specifically, in implementation: The hierarchical protection logic module runs in the microcontroller of the control module in the form of software. A counter is implemented in this module, and a configurable preset time window T_win (such as 10 seconds) and a first counting threshold N_th (such as 3 times) are set. The input of the hierarchical protection logic module is the rising edge event of the fault trigger signal FAULT generated in step S104. The input capture function or external interrupt function of the control module is used to detect the jump of FAUNT. Each time it is detected that FAULT jumps from low to high, the value of the software counter Count in the hierarchical protection logic module is incremented by 1. At the same time, a sliding time window logic is maintained inside the module, continuously checking the value of Count within the most recent T_win duration. If Count < N_th, the hierarchical protection logic module generates a fault level signal characterized as "recoverable overload", such as an internal flag variable representing this level. If Count >= N_th, a fault level signal characterized as "blocking fault" is generated. After the end of a fault handling cycle or after T_win time, the counter Count will be cleared or updated according to the sliding window logic for subsequent fault event statistics.

[0066] This step makes an intelligent discrimination on the severity of the fault. By counting the frequency of faults occurring in a short period of time, it distinguishes accidental transient disturbances (recoverable overload) and continuous severe faults (blocking faults). This software algorithm based on event frequency provides a decision basis for subsequent adoption of differentiated recovery strategies, enabling the protection device to have basic intelligent discrimination ability instead of simple one-size-fits-all processing.

[0067] S107: The control module executes the recovery logic according to the fault level signal: If it is a recoverable overload, control the fast drive module to re-conduct the power switch unit after a first preset delay; if it is a blocking fault, maintain the shutdown and wait for external reset.

[0068] In practice: The control module reads the fault level signal generated by the graded protection logic module. If the fault level signal indicates "recoverable overload," the control module, after completing the shutdown action, starts an internal hardware timer to begin timing the first preset delay T_delay1 (e.g., 2 seconds). During the delay, the control module continues to send shutdown commands to the fast drive module. When T_delay1 finishes timing, the control module sends a valid turn-on control signal (e.g., high level) to the enable terminal of the fast drive module through its general-purpose input / output port, re-enabling the fast drive module. After being enabled, the fast drive module restores its output high-level drive voltage, thereby re-energizing the power switch unit in the main power switch module and attempting to restore power supply. If the fault level signal indicates "blocking fault," the control module will continue sending shutdown commands to the fast drive module and will not initiate the automatic recovery delay. Simultaneously, the control module can send fault alarm information to the host computer system through its communication interface (e.g., UART, CAN). The device will remain in the off-locked state until the control module receives a formatted external reset command message from the host computer system via the communication interface. After verifying and parsing the reset command, the control module will perform the same operation as during "recoverable overload" recovery, i.e., send a power-on control signal to restore power.

[0069] This step enables intelligent and differentiated automatic recovery management. For minor overloads, the device can automatically recover after a short delay, reducing manual intervention and improving system availability. For severe faults, the device enters a locked state and reports the fault, awaiting manual confirmation before recovery. This prevents repeated connection before the fault is resolved, which could cause equipment damage or escalation of the accident. This recovery logic allows this protection device to replace traditional one-time fuses and better meet the dual requirements of autonomous system operation and reliable protection in industrial automation scenarios.

[0070] This embodiment of the method provides a resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection method for high-voltage, high-current circuits. The core of this method lies in its hardware and software collaborative architecture, which solves the problems of slow protection speed, limited functionality, and inability to intelligently reset traditional solutions in high-voltage, high-current applications.

[0071] This method first uses multiple sets of parallel back-to-back MOSFET units to carry the main circuit current, thereby improving current carrying capacity and withstand voltage. A series sampling resistor and voltage divider resistor network is used to convert the main circuit current and input voltage into measurable electrical signals in real time. Subsequently, a comparator circuit constructed entirely in hardware compares these signals with preset overcurrent and overvoltage thresholds in real time. Once a threshold is exceeded, a fault trigger signal is generated instantaneously (on the order of microseconds), directly driving the rapid shutdown of all power switching units, achieving extremely fast hardware-level protection.

[0072] At the fault handling level, the method integrates intelligent discrimination and recovery logic. The hierarchical protection logic running in the control module classifies faults into "recoverable overloads" or "lockdown faults" by statistically analyzing the fault frequency within a preset time window. The control module then performs differentiated recovery accordingly: for minor overloads, it automatically retryes conduction after a short delay; for severe faults, it enters a lockout state and waits for an external reset command. This method, through a combination of "fast hardware protection" and "intelligent software management," achieves microsecond-level response, automatic discrimination, and recoverable control for faults such as overcurrent and overvoltage, significantly improving the reliability, automation, and intelligence of circuit protection in high-voltage, high-current industrial scenarios.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps, apparatuses, and functional modules / units in the methods disclosed above can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof.

[0074] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0075] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-voltage, high-current resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device, characterized in that, The protective device includes: Input ports and output ports; A main power switch module is connected in series between the input port and the output port. The main power switch module includes multiple sets of power switch units connected in parallel. The main power switch module is used to carry and control the conduction and cutoff of the main power path. A current sampling module is connected in series in the main power path. The current sampling module is used to sample the current flowing through the main power switching module and generate a current sampling signal. A voltage sampling module is connected to the input port and is used to sample the voltage at the input port and generate a voltage sampling signal. The hardware comparison module is electrically connected to the current sampling module and the voltage sampling module respectively. The hardware comparison module is used to compare the current sampling signal with a preset overcurrent threshold and the voltage sampling signal with a preset overvoltage threshold, and output a fault trigger signal. A fast drive module, wherein the input terminal of the fast drive module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the hardware comparison module, and the output terminal of the fast drive module is electrically connected to the control terminal of the main power switch module, wherein the fast drive module is used to directly send a shutdown drive signal to the main power switch module to shut down the main power path when the fault trigger signal is received; The control module is electrically connected to the hardware comparison module and the fast drive module. The control module is used to receive the fault trigger signal and monitor the status of the protection device. A graded protection logic module, which is integrated into the control module, is used to generate a fault level signal that characterizes the fault level based on the attributes of the received fault trigger signal. The control module is further configured to execute recovery logic based on the fault level signal: when the fault level signal indicates a recoverable overload, it sends a conduction control signal to the fast drive module after waiting for a first preset delay to restore the main power path; when the fault level signal indicates a lockout fault, it maintains the off state until an external reset command is received. A buffer absorption module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal of the input port and the main power switch module. The buffer absorption module includes a series branch of resistors and capacitors connected in parallel and a transient voltage suppression diode.

2. The high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each group of power switching units includes a first N-channel MOSFET and a second N-channel MOSFET; The source of the first N-channel MOSFET is connected to the source of the second N-channel MOSFET; The drain of the first N-channel MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the input port, and the drain of the second N-channel MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the output port. In all the power switching units, the gates of each of the first N-channel MOSFETs are interconnected to form a first common gate driving point, and the gates of each of the second N-channel MOSFETs are interconnected to form a second common gate driving point. Both the first common gate driving point and the second common gate driving point are connected to the output terminal of the fast drive module.

3. The high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protection device also includes a current-sharing resistor, wherein the source connection point of each power switching unit is connected to a common power ground through a current-sharing resistor, and the current-sharing resistor is used to achieve static current balancing among multiple sets of power switching units connected in parallel.

4. The high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current sampling module is a sampling resistor; The voltage sampling module consists of a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor connected between the positive and negative terminals of the input port. The hardware comparison module includes a current comparator and a voltage comparator; The current comparator is connected to both ends of the sampling resistor through a differential amplifier circuit to obtain the current sampling signal, and compares the current sampling signal with the first reference voltage; The non-inverting input of the voltage comparator is connected to the intermediate node of the first voltage divider resistor and the second voltage divider resistor to obtain the voltage sampling signal, and the inverting input of the voltage comparator is connected to the second reference voltage.

5. The high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hierarchical protection logic module includes a counter; The graded protection logic module is used to count the number of times the fault trigger signal occurs within a preset time window; wherein, when the number is less than a first threshold, a fault level signal representing a recoverable overload is generated; when the number reaches or exceeds the first threshold, a fault level signal representing a lockout fault is generated.

6. The high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection device further includes an isolation drive module, the input terminal of which is electrically connected to the control module, and the output terminal of which is electrically connected to the enable terminal of the fast drive module. The control module sends a global enable or disable signal to the fast drive module through the isolation drive module.

7. The high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection device further includes a pre-charging circuit, which includes a pre-charging resistor and a pre-charging switch. The pre-charging resistor and the pre-charging switch are connected in series and then in parallel between the input port and the output port. The control terminal of the pre-charge switch is electrically connected to the control module; wherein, when the protection device is powered on, the control module is used to first control the pre-charge switch to be turned on to limit the current charging of the load on the output port side, and then control the main power switch module to be turned on.

8. The high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection device further includes a temperature sampling module, which is thermally coupled to the main power switch module. The temperature sampling module is used to collect the temperature signal of the main power switch module and send it to the control module. The control module is also used to send a shutdown command to the fast drive module when the temperature signal exceeds a preset over-temperature threshold.

9. The high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection device also includes a reverse current blocking module, which is connected in series between the input port and the main power switch module. The control terminal of the reverse current blocking module is electrically connected to the hardware comparison module. The reverse current blocking module is used to quickly shut down according to the fault trigger signal generated by the hardware comparison module when a reverse current is detected.

10. A method for protecting a high-voltage, high-current, resettable intelligent electronic fuse, applied to the protection device as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes: The main power path current is carried and switched on and off by multiple sets of parallel power switching units; The current is sampled in real time by a current sampling module connected in series in the main power path to generate a current sampling signal, and the voltage is sampled in real time by a voltage sampling module connected to the input port to generate a voltage sampling signal. The current sampling signal and the voltage sampling signal are compared with the overcurrent threshold and the overvoltage threshold in real time by a hardware comparison module. When the current sampling signal exceeds the overcurrent threshold or the voltage sampling signal exceeds the overvoltage threshold, a fault trigger signal is immediately generated by the hardware comparison module. When the fault trigger signal is received, the fast drive module directly shuts down the power switch unit. The fault trigger signal is analyzed by the graded protection logic module to generate a fault level signal; The control module executes recovery logic based on the fault level signal: if it is a recoverable overload, it controls the fast drive module to re-turn on the power switch unit after a first preset delay; if it is a latch-up fault, it maintains the shutdown and waits for an external reset.

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