An adaptive wellbore stability while-drilling plugging and fracturing integrated device

Abstract

The application discloses a self-adaptive well wall stability drilling leak-stopping and fracturing integrated device, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas drilling engineering equipment. The device comprises a drill bit and a drill rod, a drilling joint pipe is arranged between the drill bit and the drill rod, the inner cavity of the drilling joint pipe is communicated with the drill rod, a sensor for identifying whether a leak layer appears is arranged on the drilling joint pipe, a leak-stopping material bin is further arranged in the drilling joint pipe, degradable leak-stopping particles are filled in the leak-stopping material bin, an electric control valve is arranged at the discharging end of the leak-stopping material bin, a plurality of jet holes are formed in the side wall of the drilling joint pipe, a controller is further packaged on the drilling joint pipe, the sensor and the electric control valve are electrically connected with the controller, the controller can control the electric control valve to be opened, and the degradable leak-stopping particles in the leak-stopping material bin are sprayed to the well wall through the jet holes. The application solves the problems of long construction period, high cost, poor well wall stability and poor fracturing effect in the existing technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas drilling equipment technology, specifically to an integrated device for adaptive wellbore stabilization, plugging, and fracturing while drilling. Background Technology

[0002] In oil and gas drilling operations, drilling in fractured sandstone or shale formations has always been challenging due to their susceptibility to leakage and wellbore collapse. During conventional drilling, if leakage occurs, drilling operations must be stopped, and plugging tools must be run to seal the leak before drilling can resume. After drilling is completed, a separate fracturing string must be run for staged fracturing.

[0003] This construction method has the following drawbacks: 1. The process is complicated, with drilling, plugging, and fracturing carried out in stages, requiring multiple trips of the tubing string, resulting in a long construction period and high construction costs; 2. The well wall stability is insufficient after plugging, and the well wall is prone to collapse again due to pressure fluctuations during subsequent fracturing; 3. The perforation directionality is poor during staged fracturing, which can easily lead to crossflow and affect the fracturing effect; 4. Repeated tripping of the tubing string can cause secondary damage to the well wall, further increasing the risk of well wall instability.

[0004] Currently, there is no existing technology that can integrate drilling, plugging, and staged fracturing operations, and therefore cannot effectively solve the above-mentioned construction pain points. Therefore, a device that can adapt to wellbore stability and integrate multiple processes has important engineering application value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an integrated drilling, plugging, and fracturing device with adaptive wellbore stability, so as to solve the problems of long construction period, high cost, poor wellbore stability, and poor fracturing effect in the existing technology of drilling, plugging, and fracturing in stages.

[0006] To address the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An adaptive wellbore stabilization integrated fracturing and plugging device for leaks while drilling includes a drill bit and a drill pipe; a drilling rig is disposed between the drill bit and the drill pipe; the inner cavity of the drilling rig communicates with the drill pipe; a sensor for identifying whether a leaky layer has occurred is installed on the drilling rig; a plugging material hopper is disposed inside the drilling rig; the plugging material hopper is filled with biodegradable plugging particles, and an electrically controlled valve is disposed at the discharge end of the plugging material hopper; several jet holes are opened on the side wall of the drilling rig; a controller is also encapsulated on the drilling rig; the sensor and the electrically controlled valve are electrically connected to the controller, and the controller can control the electrically controlled valve to open, so that the biodegradable plugging particles in the plugging material hopper are injected into the wellbore through the jet holes.

[0008] There are no fewer than four jet holes, and these jet holes are arranged in a uniform ring along the circumference of the drilling section.

[0009] Preferably, the axis of the jet orifice forms an angle of 30-60° with the axis of the drilling section, and the port of the jet orifice is tilted towards the drill bit side.

[0010] Preferably, the sensor is located on the outer wall of the drilling section near the drill bit; the sensor includes a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure around the wellbore and a flow sensor for monitoring the amount of drilling fluid loss.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes an electrically controlled sliding sleeve; the electrically controlled sliding sleeve is movably installed on the drilling section at the position corresponding to the jet hole; the electrically controlled sliding sleeve is electrically connected to the controller; the controller controls the opening and closing of the jet hole by controlling the movement of the electrically controlled sliding sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, the controller includes an integrated data processing unit and an instruction execution unit. The data processing unit is used to analyze monitoring data from sensors to determine whether a leak exists and its location. The instruction execution unit is used to control the operation of the electrically controlled valve and the electrically controlled sliding sleeve.

[0013] Furthermore, a wireless communication unit is integrated on the controller, which is used to transmit the monitoring data received by the controller and the action commands output by the controller to the ground control system.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in the following aspects:

[0015] 1. Enables integrated operation, completing drilling, leak plugging, and staged fracturing in a single drilling run, eliminating the need for multiple trips to pull up and down the tubing string, significantly shortening the construction period and reducing construction costs;

[0016] 2. By monitoring the well wall status in real time through sensors, the controller can automatically identify the leakage layer and spray plugging slurry to reinforce the well wall in a timely manner, effectively preventing well wall collapse and improving well wall stability;

[0017] 3. Once the jet orifice can be opened, it can realize the directional jetting of biodegradable plugging particles, avoid fracturing fluid channeling, improve the staged fracturing effect, and increase single-well production;

[0018] 4. Biodegradable plugging particles can slowly degrade in the formation without leaving any residue, thus avoiding formation blockage and protecting reservoir performance;

[0019] 5. Remote monitoring can be achieved through wireless communication, and the automatic control of the controller can reduce the workload of manual operation and improve the safety and reliability of construction. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inventive device in this embodiment;

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Drill bit, 2. Drill rod, 3. Drilling section, 4. Sensor, 5. Leak plugging hopper, 6. Electrically controlled valve, 7. Jet orifice, 8. Controller, 9. Electrically controlled sliding sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0023] Example:

[0024] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides an adaptive wellbore stabilization integrated drilling plugging and fracturing device, which includes a drill bit 1 and a drill pipe 2; a drilling section 3 is provided between the drill bit 1 and the drill pipe 2; the inner cavity of the drilling section 3 is connected to the drill pipe 2; a sensor 4 for identifying whether a leak has occurred is installed on the drilling section 3; a plugging material bin 5 is also provided inside the drilling section 3; the plugging material bin 5 is filled with biodegradable plugging particles, and an electrically controlled valve 6 is provided at the discharge end of the plugging material bin 5; several jet holes 7 are opened on the side wall of the drilling section 3; a controller 8 is also encapsulated on the drilling section 3; the sensor 4 and the electrically controlled valve 6 are both electrically connected to the controller 8, and the controller 8 can control the electrically controlled valve 6 to open, so that the biodegradable plugging particles in the plugging material bin 5 are sprayed onto the wellbore through the jet holes 7. The biodegradable plugging particles are made by mixing biodegradable resin, fiber reinforcing agent and curing agent in a mass ratio of 6:3:1. They have a compressive strength of ≥20MPa at room temperature and can slowly degrade under formation temperature and pressure conditions (temperature 80-120℃, pressure 10-30MPa) with a degradation cycle of 3-7 days. After degradation, they generate harmless small molecule substances with no residue, which can effectively avoid the blockage damage to the reservoir caused by the residue of plugging materials.

[0025] The number of jet holes 7 is generally 4 to 8. In this embodiment, there are four jet holes, and these jet holes 7 are evenly arranged in a ring along the circumference of the drilling section 3.

[0026] The axis of the jet orifice 7 forms a 45° angle with the axis of the drilling section 3, and the port of the jet orifice 7 is tilted towards the drill bit side. By restricting the directional injection of plugging slurry or fracturing fluid composed of degradable plugging particles through the jet orifice, the leaky layer can be accurately sealed, and the directionality of staged fracturing can be ensured to avoid cross-flow.

[0027] Sensor 4 is installed on the outer wall of the drilling section 3 near the drill bit 1. Sensor 4 includes a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure around the wellbore and a flow sensor for monitoring the amount of drilling fluid loss. The pressure sensor has a monitoring range of 0~50MPa and the flow sensor has a monitoring range of 0~10m³ / h. Their accuracies are ±0.1MPa and ±0.1m³ / h, respectively.

[0028] It also includes an electrically controlled sliding sleeve 9; the electrically controlled sliding sleeve 9 is movably installed on the drilling section 3 at the position corresponding to the jet hole 7 by means of a built-in electromagnetic drive structure; the electrically controlled sliding sleeve 9 is electrically connected to the controller 8; the controller 8 controls the opening and closing of the jet hole 7 by controlling the movement of the electrically controlled sliding sleeve 9; a rubber sealing ring is installed on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, which completely seals the jet hole in the closed state to prevent drilling fluid backflow.

[0029] The controller 8 includes an integrated data processing unit and an instruction execution unit. The data processing unit is used to analyze monitoring data from sensors. When the system detects a drilling fluid loss of ≥0.5 m³ / h and a wellbore pressure drop of ≥1 MPa, it automatically determines the presence and location of the leaking layer. The instruction execution unit is used to control the operation of the electrically controlled valve 6 and the electrically controlled sliding sleeve 9.

[0030] The controller 8 also integrates a wireless communication unit, which transmits the monitoring data received and the action commands output by the controller 8 to the ground control system. The wireless communication unit uses a 4G / 5G communication module, allowing ground operators to remotely issue control commands and achieve manual intervention.

[0031] When using the device of the invention in this embodiment, the following steps can be referred to for processing;

[0032] 1. Downhole drilling operation stage: The entire device is threaded to the bottom of the drill pipe and the top of the drill bit, and is lowered into the target well section along with the drilling string. The surface drilling rig drives the entire device to rotate and drill. Throughout the drilling process, sensors continuously collect well pressure and drilling fluid leakage parameters in real time and transmit them back to the controller. The controller continuously analyzes the monitoring data. If there is no abnormal leakage data, the electrically controlled valves remain closed and the electrically controlled sliding sleeve always blocks the jet orifice. The device only performs conventional drilling operations.

[0033] 2. Automatic downhole drilling plugging stage: After the data processing unit identifies that the parameters have reached the leakage layer judgment threshold, the command execution unit immediately opens the electrically controlled valve and opens the electrically controlled sliding sleeve. The biodegradable plugging particles inside the plugging hopper mix with the drilling fluid to form plugging slurry, which is then sprayed directionally towards the leakage location on the well wall through the hopper's dedicated outlet. Once the sensor monitors that the leakage parameters have fallen back to the normal standard, the controller automatically closes the electrically controlled valve and the electrically controlled sliding sleeve, the plugging process is completed, and the drilling rig continues to drill downwards.

[0034] 3. Well Completion Stage of Segmented Directional Fracturing: After the drilling of the entire well section is completed, there is no need to hoist the entire tubing string. The surface control system sends fracturing operation commands to the downhole controller via the wireless communication unit. The controller keeps the electrically controlled valves closed and simultaneously drives the electrically controlled sliding sleeve to slide axially, opening the jet holes corresponding to the target fracturing layer. The surface high-pressure pump unit pumps fracturing fluid into the reservoir through the drill pipe cavity. The fracturing fluid is directionally injected into the reservoir from the opened jet holes to complete segmented fracturing. After a single segment of fracturing is completed, the surface remotely controls the electrically controlled sliding sleeve to reset and close the jet holes of that layer, and then opens the jet holes of the next layer in sequence to complete the segmented fracturing of the entire well step by step.

[0035] 4. Construction completion: After all fracturing procedures are completed, the entire downhole equipment is pulled out. The plugging particles that remain inside the formation gradually degrade under the temperature and pressure environment of the formation in about 5 days, leaving no solid residue in the reservoir fractures.

[0036] In addition, this device has flexible adaptability. When constructing in different formations such as high-temperature deep wells and low-pressure shallow layers prone to leakage, the formula ratio of biodegradable plugging particles can be adjusted on-site to change the degradation cycle, and the number of jet holes and the inclination angle can be changed simultaneously to adapt to the construction conditions of different blocks of formations.

Claims

1. An integrated device for adaptive wellbore stabilization, comprising a drill bit (1) and a drill pipe (2); characterized in that: A drilling section (3) is provided between the drill bit (1) and the drill pipe (2); the inner cavity of the drilling section (3) is connected to the drill pipe (2); a sensor (4) for identifying whether a leak occurs is installed on the drilling section (3); a plugging hopper (5) is also provided inside the drilling section (3); biodegradable plugging particles are filled in the plugging hopper (5), and an electrically controlled valve (6) is provided at the discharge end of the plugging hopper (5); several jet holes (7) are opened on the side wall of the drilling section (3); a controller (8) is also encapsulated on the drilling section (3); the sensor (4) and the electrically controlled valve (6) are both electrically connected to the controller (8), and the controller (8) can control the electrically controlled valve (6) to open, so that the biodegradable plugging particles in the plugging hopper (5) are sprayed onto the well wall through the jet holes (7).

2. The integrated device for adaptive wellbore stabilization, plugging, and fracturing while drilling, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: There are no fewer than four jet holes (7), and these jet holes (7) are arranged in a ring-shaped uniform arrangement along the circumference of the drilling section (3).

3. The integrated device for adaptive wellbore stabilization, plugging, and fracturing while drilling, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The axis of the jet hole (7) forms an angle of 30-60° with the axis of the drilling section (3), and the port of the jet hole (7) is tilted toward the drill bit side.

4. The integrated device for adaptive wellbore stabilization, drilling plugging, and fracturing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor (4) is located on the outer wall of the drilling section (3) near the drill bit (1); the sensor (4) includes a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure around the wellbore and a flow sensor for monitoring the amount of drilling fluid loss.

5. The integrated device for adaptive wellbore stabilization, plugging, and fracturing while drilling, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: It also includes an electrically controlled sliding sleeve (9); the electrically controlled sliding sleeve (9) is movably installed on the drilling section (3) at the position corresponding to the jet hole (7); the electrically controlled sliding sleeve (9) is electrically connected to the controller (8); the controller (8) controls the opening and closing of the jet hole (7) by controlling the movement of the electrically controlled sliding sleeve (9).

6. The integrated device for adaptive wellbore stabilization, plugging, and fracturing while drilling, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The controller (8) includes an integrated data processing unit and an instruction execution unit. The data processing unit is used to analyze the monitoring data from the sensor to determine whether there is a leak and the location of the leak. The instruction execution unit is used to control the operation of the electrically controlled valve (6) and the electrically controlled sliding sleeve (9).

7. The integrated device for adaptive wellbore stabilization, plugging, and fracturing while drilling, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that: A wireless communication unit is also integrated on the controller (8), which is used to transmit the monitoring data received by the controller (8) and the action commands output to the ground control system.

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