A control method and device for a fuel cell turbo-compressor

Abstract

The embodiment of the application discloses a control method and device of a fuel cell turbo-compressor. The method comprises the following steps: identifying a current working condition according to an operating parameter; in a slow load reduction working condition, slowly opening a bypass valve, slowly closing a variable nozzle ring, reducing a high-speed drive motor speed and a throttle opening degree, maintaining a compressor outlet flow rate not lower than a minimum safe flow rate, recovering turbine residual pressure energy and motor rotor kinetic energy; in a rapid load reduction working condition, quickly opening the bypass valve, quickly closing the variable nozzle ring, reducing the high-speed drive motor speed and the throttle opening degree, maintaining the compressor outlet flow rate not lower than the minimum safe flow rate, recovering the turbine residual pressure energy and the motor rotor kinetic energy; in an emergency shutdown working condition, fully closing the variable nozzle ring, fully opening the bypass valve, idling the high-speed drive motor, keeping the throttle at a purge opening degree and stopping the system after the purge is completed, so that on-line surge suppression, pressure overshoot control and energy recovery are coordinated, and the system safety and energy utilization rate are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive technology, and in particular to a control method and device for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor. Background Technology

[0002] Fuel cell vehicles, with their advantages of zero emissions and high efficiency, have become an important development direction for new energy vehicles. As a core subsystem of fuel cells, the air supply system directly affects the output efficiency and lifespan of the fuel cell stack. With the evolution of fuel cell systems towards medium and high power, the parasitic power consumption of the air compressor is becoming increasingly prominent, accounting for more than 20% of the stack's output power. Therefore, eddy current hybrid air compressors with exhaust energy recovery capabilities have become the mainstream configuration for high-power fuel cell air management systems. These air compressors coaxially integrate a high-speed drive motor, compressor, turbine, and variable nozzle ring (VNT), utilizing the residual pressure energy from the fuel cell stack's exhaust to assist in driving the compressor, thereby reducing the electric power consumption of intake air compression.

[0003] In the actual operation of eddy current compound air compressors, load reduction (including gradual and rapid load reduction) and emergency shutdown are common transient conditions. Existing technologies for controlling these conditions mainly employ a control logic of first reducing the motor speed and then adjusting the bypass valve opening, thereby moving the compressor's operating point away from the surge region. Some solutions introduce back pressure valves or throttle valves as auxiliary adjustment methods. However, these control strategies primarily focus on the binary coordination of the air compressor body and the bypass valve, with surge suppression as the sole control objective. They fail to fully consider the unique structural characteristics of eddy current compound air compressors, namely, the large turbine inertia, the hysteresis in VNT regulation, and the large amount of kinetic energy stored in the motor rotor.

[0004] The aforementioned existing technologies have the following drawbacks: High risk of surge, with a sudden drop in flow rate during load reduction, delayed control response, and the compressor operating point easily exceeding the surge boundary; severe pressure overshoot, with turbine inertia and VNT hysteresis preventing rapid removal of exhaust energy and causing a sudden increase in air circuit pressure; significant energy waste, as turbine residual pressure energy and motor rotor kinetic energy are not recovered and utilized; poor control coordination, with no time-coordinated control of the bypass valve, VNT, motor, and throttle valve, resulting in disordered actuator actions; and insufficient adaptability to operating conditions, lacking tiered identification for gradual load reduction, rapid load reduction, and emergency shutdown, resulting in poor flexibility due to the absence of a uniform strategy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a control method and device for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor, which can realize graded identification and differentiated collaborative control under different unloading and shutdown conditions, effectively suppress surge and pressure overshoot, recover turbine residual pressure energy and motor rotor kinetic energy, and improve system dynamic safety, energy utilization rate and working condition adaptability.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a control method for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor, comprising: The operating parameters of the fuel cell system are obtained, including at least the load change rate and fault signals. Based on the operating parameters, the current operating condition is identified as a slow load reduction condition, a rapid load reduction condition, or an emergency shutdown condition. When the load is identified as a slow-down condition, the bypass valve is slowly opened at the first opening rate, the variable nozzle ring is slowly closed at the first closing rate, the speed of the high-speed drive motor is reduced in a step-down manner, the throttle opening is adjusted to stabilize the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack, and the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at no less than the preset minimum safe flow rate. During the control process, the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor are recovered. When a rapid load reduction condition is identified, the bypass valve is controlled to open rapidly at the second opening rate, the variable nozzle ring is controlled to close rapidly at the second closing rate, and the speed of the high-speed drive motor is controlled to decrease in a step-down manner, in accordance with the priority order of bypass valve, variable nozzle ring, high-speed drive motor, and throttle valve. At the same time, the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at no less than the minimum safe flow rate, and the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor are recovered. When an emergency shutdown condition is identified, the variable nozzle ring is fully closed, the bypass valve is fully opened, the high-speed drive motor is stopped and enters a coasting state to recover rotor kinetic energy, the throttle valve is kept at the purging opening to purge the fuel cell stack, and the system is stopped after purging is completed. Determine whether the current operating condition has reached the load reduction target or the shutdown target. If not, continue executing the current control process.

[0007] Optionally, the method further includes: when the absolute value of the load change rate is less than or equal to a first threshold and there is no fault signal, identifying the current operating condition as a slow load reduction condition; when the load change rate is greater than the first threshold and there is no fault signal, identifying the current operating condition as a rapid load reduction condition; and when there is a fault signal, identifying the current operating condition as an emergency shutdown condition.

[0008] Optionally, the method further includes: in the load easing control process, the bypass valve opens from 0% to 30%–40% at a rate of 5% increase every 10ms; the variable nozzle ring closes from 55% to 25%–30% at a rate of 3% decrease every 10ms; the motor speed decreases by 3000–4000 rpm every 10ms; the throttle opening is maintained at 75%–85%; the minimum safe flow rate is 25 g / s; and the duration of the entire load easing control process is 300–400ms.

[0009] Optionally, the method further includes: in the rapid load reduction control process, the bypass valve opens from 0% to 70%–85% within less than or equal to 0.12 seconds; the variable nozzle ring closes from 55% to 15%–20% within the same time limit; the motor speed decreases by 3000–4000 rpm to 50000–55000 rpm every 10 ms within 80–200 ms; the throttle opening is adjusted from 80% to 65%–75% within 200–300 ms, so that the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack is stabilized at 1.5–1.8 bar absolute pressure; the total duration of the entire rapid load reduction control process is less than or equal to 300 ms, the pressure overshoot is less than or equal to 0.03 MPa, and the recovered energy is 0.5–0.7 kJ.

[0010] Optionally, the method further includes: during the emergency shutdown control process, the variable nozzle ring immediately closes completely to cut off the exhaust gas energy input of the turbine; the bypass valve immediately opens completely to relieve the compressor outlet pressure; the throttle valve maintains a 50% to 60% purging opening and the motor power is cut off after purging is completed.

[0011] Optionally, the method further includes: feeding the recovered energy back to the power bus or energy storage capacitor, or storing and reusing it through an energy recovery regulation module.

[0012] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a control device for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor, the device comprising: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the operating parameters of the fuel cell system, which include at least the load change rate and fault signals. The operating condition identification module is used to identify the current operating condition as a slow load reduction condition, a rapid load reduction condition, or an emergency shutdown condition based on the operating parameters. The load easing control module is used to control the bypass valve to open slowly at a first opening rate, control the variable nozzle ring to close slowly at a first closing rate, control the speed of the high-speed drive motor to decrease in a step-down manner, adjust the throttle opening to stabilize the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack, and maintain the compressor outlet flow rate not lower than the preset minimum safe flow rate when the load easing condition is identified. In the process of control, it also recovers the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor. The rapid load reduction control module is used to, when a rapid load reduction condition is identified, control the bypass valve to open rapidly at a second opening rate, control the variable nozzle ring to close rapidly at a second closing rate, control the speed of the high-speed drive motor to decrease in a step-down manner, and then adjust the throttle opening in the priority order of bypass valve, variable nozzle ring, high-speed drive motor, and throttle valve. At the same time, it maintains the compressor outlet flow rate not lower than the minimum safe flow rate and recovers the turbine residual pressure energy and motor rotor kinetic energy. The emergency stop control module is used to control the variable nozzle ring to be fully closed, the bypass valve to be fully opened, the high-speed drive motor to stop driving and enter the coasting state to recover rotor kinetic energy, and the throttle valve to maintain the purging opening to purge the fuel cell stack when an emergency stop condition is identified. The system is then stopped after purging is completed. The target determination module is used to determine whether the current operating condition has reached the load reduction target or the shutdown target. If not, the current control process continues to be executed.

[0013] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, the electronic device comprising: One or more processors; Memory, used to store one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the control method for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor as provided in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the control method for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor as provided in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Fifthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the control method for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor as provided in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] The technical solution of this invention acquires the operating parameters of the fuel cell system, including at least the load change rate and fault signals. Based on these operating parameters, the current operating condition is identified as a gradual load reduction condition, a rapid load reduction condition, or an emergency shutdown condition. This achieves accurate classification and identification of the three operating conditions, providing an accurate basis for subsequent differentiated control. When the condition is identified as a gradual load reduction condition, the bypass valve is slowly opened at a first opening rate, the variable nozzle ring is slowly closed at a first closing rate, the speed of the high-speed drive motor is reduced in a stepwise manner, and the throttle opening is adjusted to stabilize the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack. At the same time, the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at a preset minimum safe flow rate, achieving smooth depressurization and surge suppression. During the control process, the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor are recovered, balancing system stability and energy utilization. When a rapid load reduction condition is identified, the bypass valve is controlled to open rapidly at the second opening rate, the variable nozzle ring is controlled to close rapidly at the second closing rate, and the speed of the high-speed drive motor is controlled to decrease in a step-down manner, in accordance with the priority order of bypass valve, variable nozzle ring, high-speed drive motor, and throttle valve. Simultaneously, the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at no less than the minimum safe flow rate, and the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor are recovered. This effectively solves the problems of high surge risk, severe pressure overshoot, and poor control coordination in existing technologies. When an emergency shutdown condition is identified, the variable nozzle ring is controlled to close completely, the bypass valve is controlled to open completely, the high-speed drive motor is controlled to stop driving and enter a coasting state to recover rotor kinetic energy, and the throttle valve is controlled to maintain the purging opening to purge the fuel cell stack. After purging is completed, the system is shut down. This ensures a safe shutdown while achieving energy recovery. The system determines whether the current operating condition has reached the load reduction target or the shutdown target. If not, it continues to execute the current control process. This achieves hierarchical identification and differentiated collaborative control under different load reduction and shutdown conditions, effectively suppresses surge and pressure overshoot, recovers turbine residual pressure energy and motor rotor kinetic energy, and significantly improves the system's dynamic safety, energy utilization rate and operating condition adaptability.

[0017] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a control method for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an example diagram of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control device for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for implementing the control method of the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0022] Example 1 Figure 1 This document presents a flowchart of a control method for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to the stable control of the eddy current hybrid air compressor in a fuel cell system under load reduction (including gradual load reduction and rapid load reduction) and emergency shutdown conditions. This method can be executed by a control device for the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor. This control device can be implemented in hardware and / or software and can be configured in an electronic device. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: S110. Obtain the operating parameters of the fuel cell system, including at least the load change rate and fault signals.

[0023] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a fuel cell system can refer to a power generation device that converts hydrogen and oxygen from the air into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. Figure 2 An example diagram of a fuel cell system is provided. In this embodiment, the fuel cell system is specifically a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, whose air supply system includes: an air filter, an eddy current compound air compressor, a VNT actuator, an intercooler, a humidifier, a bypass valve, a shut-off valve, a throttle valve, a water distributor, and various sensors (pressure sensor, flow sensor, temperature sensor). The eddy current compound air compressor is coaxially integrated with a high-speed drive motor, a compressor end, a turbine end, and a variable nozzle ring (VNT). Figure 2 The connection relationships of each component are known. Operating parameters refer to various measurable physical quantities that reflect the current operating state of the fuel cell system. Operating parameters may include, but are not limited to, load change rate, fault signals, compressor outlet pressure, compressor outlet flow rate, stack cathode inlet pressure, and temperature. Load change rate refers to the rate of change of the fuel cell system's output power over time, measured in kW / s. The load change rate can be used to quantify the severity of system load changes. Fault signals refer to alarm or shutdown trigger signals detected by sensors and generated by the controller when abnormal operating conditions (such as over-temperature, over-current, or leakage) occur in the fuel cell system.

[0024] Specifically, the controller collects system operating parameters in real time through various sensors (pressure sensors, flow sensors, and temperature sensors). The sensors convert the collected analog signals into digital signals and transmit them to the controller. The controller filters, denoises, and calibrates the received signals to obtain accurate operating parameter values. The load change rate can be calculated by dividing the difference between the current load power and the previous load power by the sampling time interval. Fault signals originate from the sensors and the system's self-diagnostic module. When abnormalities such as over-temperature, over-current, or leakage are detected, the system generates corresponding fault flags.

[0025] This step provides an accurate data foundation for subsequent operating condition classification and identification by acquiring load change rate and fault signals in real time, ensuring that the control strategy can respond in a timely manner according to the actual operating status of the system.

[0026] S120. Based on the operating parameters, identify the current operating condition as a slow load reduction condition, a rapid load reduction condition, or an emergency shutdown condition.

[0027] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the current operating condition can refer to the operating state category of the fuel cell system at the current moment. The current operating condition can include a gradual load reduction condition, a rapid load reduction condition, and an emergency shutdown condition. A gradual load reduction condition can refer to an operating state where the output power of the fuel cell system decreases at a relatively slow rate. Specifically, it is the operating state when the absolute value of the load change rate is less than or equal to a first threshold (e.g., 20 kW / s) and there is no fault signal. A rapid load reduction condition can refer to an operating state where the output power of the fuel cell system decreases at a relatively fast rate. Specifically, it is the operating state when the load change rate is greater than the first threshold (e.g., 20 kW / s) and there is no fault signal. An emergency shutdown condition can refer to an emergency state where the fuel cell system malfunctions and needs to be stopped immediately. Specifically, it is the operating state when a fault signal is present.

[0028] Specifically, based on the acquired load change rate and fault signal, the controller performs operating condition judgment according to the following identification logic: It determines whether a fault signal exists; if present, it is directly identified as an emergency shutdown condition. If no fault signal exists, it further determines whether the absolute value of the load change rate is less than or equal to a first threshold (e.g., 20kW / s); if so, it is identified as a gradual load reduction condition; otherwise, it is identified as a rapid load reduction condition. The controller uses the identification results as the basis for subsequently executing differentiated control strategies.

[0029] This step, through a working condition classification and identification mechanism, enables accurate differentiation of three working conditions: gradual load reduction, rapid load reduction, and emergency shutdown. This provides a prerequisite for implementing differentiated collaborative control strategies for different working conditions and solves the problems of non-classified working condition identification and poor flexibility of unified strategies in existing technologies.

[0030] As an optional implementation of this disclosure, identifying the current operating condition as a gradual load reduction condition, a rapid load reduction condition, or an emergency shutdown condition based on operating parameters may specifically include: identifying the current operating condition as a gradual load reduction condition when the absolute value of the load change rate is less than or equal to a first threshold and there is no fault signal; identifying the current operating condition as a rapid load reduction condition when the load change rate is greater than the first threshold and there is no fault signal; and identifying the current operating condition as an emergency shutdown condition when a fault signal exists.

[0031] In this embodiment, the absolute value of the load change rate can refer to the absolute value of the rate of change of the output power of the fuel cell system. The absolute value can be used to measure the magnitude of the load change without distinguishing between increasing or decreasing directions. The first threshold can refer to a critical value of the load change rate used to distinguish between gradually decreasing and rapidly decreasing loads. For example, in this embodiment, the first threshold can be 20 kW / s. This threshold can be adaptively adjusted according to different power levels of the fuel cell system; for example, for systems with higher power, the first threshold can be increased accordingly. The fault signal can refer to an alarm or shutdown trigger signal generated when the fuel cell system experiences abnormal operating conditions, such as an over-temperature fault signal, an over-current fault signal, or a leakage fault signal.

[0032] Specifically, the controller performs operating condition identification according to the following process: It reads the fault signal status. If the fault signal is valid (i.e., logically "true"), the current operating condition is directly identified as an emergency shutdown condition. If the fault signal is invalid (i.e., logically "false"), the absolute value of the load change rate is calculated and compared with a first threshold (e.g., 20 kW / s). If the absolute value of the load change rate is ≤ 20 kW / s, it is identified as a gradual load reduction condition. If the absolute value of the load change rate is > 20 kW / s, it is identified as a rapid load reduction condition.

[0033] This optional implementation provides a simple and clear operating condition identification logic. It can accurately distinguish between three operating conditions through two-level judgment (first judge the fault, then judge the rate of change). It has low computational load and fast response speed, and is suitable for real-time operation in embedded controllers.

[0034] S130. When the load condition is identified as slow-release, the bypass valve is slowly opened at the first opening rate, the variable nozzle ring is slowly closed at the first closing rate, the speed of the high-speed drive motor is reduced in a step-down manner, the throttle opening is adjusted to stabilize the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack, and the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at no less than the preset minimum safe flow rate. During the control process, the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor are recovered.

[0035] In this embodiment, the bypass valve can refer to a valve located on the bypass pipeline between the compressor outlet and the turbine outlet. The bypass valve can be used to regulate the bypass flow rate, achieving rapid or slow pressure relief at the compressor outlet. The first opening rate can refer to the opening speed of the bypass valve under slow load conditions. For example, the first opening rate can be a rate that increases by 5% every 10 ms. Slow opening can refer to the bypass valve opening gradually at a lower rate, unlike the rapid opening under rapid load conditions, with the aim of achieving slow pressure relief and avoiding sudden pressure changes. The variable nozzle ring (VNT) can refer to a variable cross-section adjustment mechanism located at the turbine inlet. By changing the opening degree of the nozzle ring, the flow rate and velocity of the exhaust gas entering the turbine are adjusted, thereby controlling the turbine's work capacity.

[0036] In this embodiment, the first closing rate can refer to the speed at which the VNT closes under a gradual load reduction condition. For example, the first closing rate can be a rate of 3% reduction every 10 ms. Slow closing can refer to the VNT gradually closing at a low rate, with the aim of slowly reducing turbine back pressure and decreasing the turbine's driving load on the compressor. The high-speed drive motor can refer to a high-speed motor used to drive the compressor's rotation. The high-speed drive motor is coaxially integrated with the compressor end, turbine end, and VNT, and its rated speed can reach 100,000 rpm. The stepped descent method can refer to a control method where the motor speed decreases stepwise, i.e., a fixed speed step is decreased in each control cycle, rather than a sudden drop. For example, the stepped descent method can be a decrease of 3000-4000 rpm every 10 ms.

[0037] In this embodiment, the throttle opening can refer to the degree of opening of the throttle valve located before the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack. The throttle opening can be used to regulate the airflow entering the fuel cell stack, thereby stabilizing the cathode inlet pressure. The cathode inlet pressure can refer to the absolute pressure of air entering the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack after passing through the throttle valve. The compressor outlet flow rate can refer to the mass flow rate of air at the outlet after compression by the compressor, in g / s. The minimum safe flow rate can refer to the minimum outlet flow rate value that needs to be maintained to prevent compressor surge. For example, in this embodiment, the minimum safe flow rate can be 25 g / s. The control process can refer to the entire control flow from the identification of the gradual load reduction condition to the achievement of the load reduction target. The turbine residual pressure energy can refer to the pressure energy released when the fuel cell stack exhaust expands and does work in the turbine. This energy can be recovered by the turbine and converted into mechanical energy. The motor rotor kinetic energy can refer to the mechanical kinetic energy stored in the rotor of the high-speed drive motor during rotation. During the motor deceleration process, it can be converted into electrical energy through an energy recovery circuit.

[0038] Specifically, when the controller detects that the system is in a slow-deceleration load condition (absolute value of load change rate ≤ 20kW / s), the following differentiated coordinated control is executed: The bypass valve opening is gradually adjusted as the compressor outlet flow decreases, opening from 0% at a rate of 5% increase every 10ms, ultimately controlling the opening at 30%–40%, achieving slow depressurization and avoiding sudden pressure changes. The VNT is synchronously controlled to close from 55% to 25%–30% at a rate of 3% decrease every 10ms, reducing turbine back pressure and decreasing the turbine's drive load on the compressor. The high-speed drive motor speed is controlled to decrease by 3000–4000 rpm every 10ms, from 100000 rpm to 70000–75000 rpm, avoiding surge caused by sudden speed drops. The fuel cell stack cathode inlet pressure is stabilized by fine-tuning the valve opening (maintained at 75%–85%) to adapt to the load reduction requirements of the fuel cell stack. Simultaneously, the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at no less than the minimum safe flow rate (i.e., ≥25g / s), and the surge boundary is corrected online to prevent surge from occurring. By dynamically adjusting the VNT opening, the residual pressure energy of the turbine exhaust gas is fully utilized (recovery rate can reach 20%~30%), while the kinetic energy of the high-speed drive motor rotor is recovered, realizing energy recovery and reuse. The entire gradual load reduction process lasts approximately 300~400ms.

[0039] This step employs a dedicated coordinated control strategy for gradual depressurization, stepped speed reduction, and energy recovery, specifically designed for the slow-load descent condition. Smooth depressurization is achieved by gradually opening the bypass valve and gradually closing the VNT (Voltage-to-Noise Ratio). Stepped speed reduction of the motor prevents sudden speed drops that could trigger surge. Constraint pre-control ensures that the compressor outlet flow rate never falls below the minimum safe flow rate, fundamentally suppressing surge and pressure overshoot. Simultaneously, the control process recovers turbine residual pressure energy and motor rotor kinetic energy, improving system energy utilization.

[0040] For example, maintaining the compressor outlet flow rate at or above the minimum safe flow rate can be used to correct surge boundaries online, and to dynamically adjust the bypass valve, variable nozzle ring, and motor speed according to the corrected surge boundaries to prevent surge from occurring.

[0041] In this embodiment, the surge boundary can refer to the dividing line between the surge region and the stable operating region on the compressor performance curve. Surge occurs when the compressor operating point crosses this boundary. The surge boundary changes dynamically with factors such as compressor speed and inlet conditions.

[0042] Specifically, the controller monitors the compressor outlet flow rate in real time and compares it with a preset minimum safe flow rate (e.g., 25 g / s). When the compressor outlet flow rate approaches the minimum safe flow rate, the controller determines that the compressor operating point is approaching the surge boundary, triggering the following adjustment actions: If there is still room to increase the bypass valve opening, the bypass valve opening is increased first to increase the flow rate through the bypass passage and reduce the compressor back pressure. If the bypass valve has reached the target opening limit, the VNT is further reduced to decrease the turbine's drive load on the compressor. If the above measures are still insufficient to increase the flow rate, the motor deceleration rate is slowed down to prevent the operating point from moving further towards the surge boundary. Through the above dynamic adjustment, the surge boundary is corrected online, ensuring that the compressor always operates in the stable region.

[0043] This exemplary embodiment achieves closed-loop control for anti-surge by correcting the surge boundary online and dynamically adjusting each actuator. Compared with open-loop control, it has stronger adaptability and robustness and can effectively cope with surge risks under different operating conditions.

[0044] As an optional implementation of this disclosure, in the load easing control process, the bypass valve opens from 0% to 30%–40% at a rate of 5% increase every 10ms; the variable nozzle ring closes from 55% to 25%–30% at a rate of 3% decrease every 10ms; the motor speed decreases by 3000–4000 rpm every 10ms; the throttle opening is maintained at 75%–85%; the minimum safe flow rate is 25g / s; and the duration of the entire load easing control process is 300–400ms.

[0045] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the duration may refer to the total time elapsed from the start of the load descent control to the completion of the load descent target.

[0046] Specifically, the operating parameters of the aforementioned actuators are executed in a coordinated sequence as follows: The bypass valve is controlled to open from 0% to 30%–40% at a rate increasing by 5% every 10ms, with the opening process lasting approximately 60–80ms. The VNT is controlled to close from 55% to 25%–30% at a rate decreasing by 3% every 10ms, with the closing process lasting approximately 80–100ms. The motor speed is controlled to decrease from 100,000 rpm to 70,000–75,000 rpm at a rate decreasing by 3,000–4,000 rpm every 10ms, with the deceleration process lasting approximately 60–100ms. The throttle valve is adjusted to maintain an opening of 75%–85%, remaining stable throughout the entire load reduction process. The compressor outlet flow rate is controlled to always remain above the minimum safe flow rate of 25 g / s. The actions of the aforementioned actuators overlap in time, collectively forming a 300–400ms load reduction control flow.

[0047] This optional implementation provides specific operating parameters for each actuator under the condition of slow descent, and clarifies the operating rates and target values ​​of the bypass valve, VNT, motor, and throttle valve, providing a quantifiable control benchmark for engineering implementation and ensuring the repeatability and debuggability of the control strategy.

[0048] As an optional implementation of this disclosure, the method further includes: feeding the recovered energy back to the power bus or energy storage capacitor, or storing and reusing it through an energy recovery regulation module.

[0049] In this embodiment, the power bus can refer to the DC power transmission bus connecting various power components (such as the fuel cell stack, motor, DC / DC converter, etc.) in the fuel cell system. Recovered energy can be fed back to the power bus for use by other loads. The energy storage capacitor can refer to a capacitor used for temporary storage of recovered energy. The energy storage capacitor can serve as a replacement or supplementary energy storage solution for the power bus. The energy recovery regulation module can refer to a power electronic module specifically designed to manage energy recovery, storage, and reuse. The energy recovery regulation module can perform voltage conversion and power regulation on the recovered energy.

[0050] Specifically, when the turbine recovers exhaust waste pressure energy or the motor regenerates braking during deceleration, the generated electrical energy can be processed in one of the following ways: Directly fed back to the power bus and shared with other power components (such as fuel cell stacks, DC / DC converters, etc.), reducing the need to draw power from the fuel cell stack or battery. Stored in a dedicated energy storage capacitor and released when needed by the system. After voltage conversion and power regulation by an energy recovery regulation module, it can be fed back to the power bus or stored in energy storage elements.

[0051] This optional implementation provides multiple energy recovery storage and reuse methods, enhancing the flexibility and adaptability of the solution. The most suitable energy recovery path can be selected based on the electrical architecture of different systems, maximizing energy utilization.

[0052] S140. When a rapid load reduction condition is identified, the bypass valve is controlled to open rapidly at the second opening rate, the variable nozzle ring is controlled to close rapidly at the second closing rate, and the speed of the high-speed drive motor is controlled to decrease in a step-down manner, in accordance with the priority order of bypass valve, variable nozzle ring, high-speed drive motor, and throttle valve. At the same time, the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at no less than the minimum safe flow rate, and the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor are recovered.

[0053] In this embodiment, the priority order refers to the sequence of actuator actions under rapid load reduction conditions, i.e., bypass valve takes precedence over VNT, VNT takes precedence over high-speed drive motor, and high-speed drive motor takes precedence over throttle valve. This priority order is designed based on the principle that surge suppression requires the highest priority (rapid opening of bypass valve), followed by pressure unloading (rapid closing of VNT), then speed control (stepped speed reduction of motor), and finally pressure stabilization (throttle valve adjustment). The second opening rate refers to the speed at which the bypass valve opens under rapid load reduction conditions. This rate is greater than the first opening rate. For example, the bypass valve opens from 0% to 70%–85% within ≤0.12 seconds. Rapid opening refers to the bypass valve opening quickly at a higher rate, distinct from the slow opening under gradual load reduction conditions, with the aim of rapidly removing compressor outlet pressure and prioritizing surge prevention. The second closing rate refers to the speed at which VNT closes under rapid load reduction conditions. This rate is greater than the first closing rate. For example, VNT decreases from 55% to 15% to 20% within the same time limit (≤0.12 seconds). Rapid decrease can refer to VNT decreasing rapidly at a high rate, with the aim of quickly reducing turbine back pressure and assisting in pressure relief.

[0054] Specifically, when the controller detects that the system is under rapid load reduction (load change rate > 20kW / s and no system fault), it strictly follows the action priority from the bypass valve to the VNT, then to the motor, and finally to the throttle. Priority is given to rapidly opening the bypass valve, from 0% to 70%–85% within ≤0.12 seconds, quickly releasing the compressor outlet pressure and preventing surge. This is the highest priority action because surge is the most threatening fault mode to equipment safety and must be addressed first. Simultaneously, the VNT is rapidly closed, from 55% to 15%–20% within the same time limit (≤0.12 seconds), rapidly reducing turbine back pressure and assisting in pressure relief. The VNT's action is synchronized with the bypass valve to remove energy from the exhaust end at the maximum rate. Subsequently, the high-speed drive motor speed is controlled to decrease in a stepwise manner, decreasing from 100,000 rpm to 50,000–55,000 rpm every 10ms within 80–200ms, avoiding a sudden drop in speed that could trigger surge. The motor speed reduction begins only after the bypass valve and VNT actuation, as the motor speed can only be safely reduced after effective pressure relief. Finally, the valve opening is finely adjusted from 80% to 65%–75% within 200–300 ms to stabilize the fuel cell cathode inlet pressure (approximately 1.5–1.8 bar absolute pressure) and suppress pressure overshoot. Throttle adjustment is performed last because it primarily affects pressure stabilization on the fuel cell side, with less impact on surge suppression and pressure relief actions of other actuators. Constraint pre-control and energy recovery are performed simultaneously to maintain the compressor outlet flow rate at or above the minimum safe flow rate (≥25 g / s) to prevent surge and pressure overshoot. Residual pressure energy from the turbine exhaust and the kinetic energy of the high-speed drive motor rotor are simultaneously recovered for energy recovery and reuse. The total duration of the rapid load reduction process is approximately 300 ms, with a pressure overshoot ≤0.03 MPa and recovered energy of approximately 0.5–0.7 kJ.

[0055] This step designs a coordinated control strategy for rapid pressure relief, priority control, and energy recovery under rapid load reduction conditions. By clearly defining the sequence of actions, the most urgent surge risk is addressed first. Rapid pressure relief is achieved through the rapid opening of the bypass valve and the rapid closing of the VNT (Volume-Temperature-Reducing) valve. Constraint pre-control ensures that the compressor outlet flow rate does not fall below the minimum safe flow rate, fundamentally solving the problems of high surge risk, severe pressure overshoot, and poor control coordination in existing technologies. Simultaneously, energy is recovered during the control process, improving the system's energy utilization rate.

[0056] As an optional implementation of this disclosure, in the rapid load reduction control process, the bypass valve opens from 0% to 70%–85% within 0.12 seconds; the variable nozzle ring closes from 55% to 15%–20% within the same time limit; the motor speed decreases by 3000–4000 rpm to 50000–55000 rpm every 10 ms within 80–200 ms; the throttle opening is adjusted from 80% to 65%–75% within 200–300 ms, stabilizing the fuel cell cathode inlet pressure at 1.5–1.8 bar absolute pressure; the total duration of the entire rapid load reduction control process is less than or equal to 300 ms, the pressure overshoot is less than or equal to 0.03 MPa, and the recovered energy is 0.5–0.7 kJ.

[0057] In this embodiment, "within the same time limit" can refer to the same time constraint as the rapid opening of the bypass valve, i.e., ≤0.12 seconds. "Same time limit" means that the rapid closing of the VNT and the rapid opening of the bypass valve occur synchronously in time. Pressure overshoot can refer to the maximum positive deviation of the stack cathode inlet pressure relative to the target pressure during rapid load reduction. For example, in this embodiment, the pressure overshoot is ≤0.03 MPa. Recovered energy can refer to the total energy obtained during rapid load reduction through turbine recovery of exhaust residual pressure energy and motor regenerative braking recovery of rotor kinetic energy. For example, in this embodiment, the recovered energy is 0.5–0.7 kJ.

[0058] Specifically, the actuators in the rapid load reduction control process are executed in a coordinated sequence as follows: 0–0.12 seconds (Phase 1, surge suppression and rapid pressure relief): The bypass valve is rapidly opened from 0% to 70%–85%, and the VNT is simultaneously and rapidly closed from 55% to 15%–20%. Both are completed within the same timeframe, achieving rapid relief of the compressor outlet pressure and rapid reduction of turbine back pressure, prioritizing surge prevention. 80–200 ms (Phase 2, motor deceleration): The motor speed is reduced from 100,000 rpm to 50,000–55,000 rpm at a rate of 3,000–4,000 rpm every 10 ms. Motor deceleration begins after the bypass valve and VNT actions, ensuring effective pressure relief before deceleration to avoid surge. Within 200–300 ms (third stage, pressure stabilization), the throttle opening is adjusted from 80% to 65%–75% to stabilize the fuel cell cathode inlet pressure at 1.5–1.8 bar absolute pressure, suppressing pressure overshoot. Throughout the entire process (including the first, second, and third stages), the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at ≥25 g / s, while simultaneously recovering turbine residual pressure energy and motor rotor kinetic energy, recovering 0.5–0.7 kJ of energy. The total duration of the entire rapid load reduction control process (i.e., the entire process) is ≤300 ms, and the pressure overshoot is ≤0.03 MPa.

[0059] This optional implementation provides specific action parameters and timing arrangements for each actuator under rapid load descent conditions. Clear time constraints ensure the coordination of actuator actions, and quantified performance indicators (pressure overshoot ≤ 0.03 MPa, recovered energy 0.5–0.7 kJ) provide a verifiable benchmark for control effectiveness, facilitating engineering implementation and performance evaluation.

[0060] S150: When an emergency shutdown condition is identified, control the variable nozzle ring to be fully closed, control the bypass valve to be fully open, control the high-speed drive motor to stop driving and enter the coasting state to recover rotor kinetic energy, control the throttle valve to maintain the purging opening to purge the fuel cell stack, and stop the system after purging is completed.

[0061] In this embodiment, "fully closed" can mean reducing the VNT opening to 0%, completely cutting off the exhaust gas passage into the turbine, thereby cutting off the turbine's exhaust gas energy input. "Fully open" can mean increasing the bypass valve opening to 100%, maximally relieving the compressor outlet pressure. "Stop driving" can mean cutting off the power supply to the high-speed drive motor, so that the motor no longer actively outputs torque. "Halt state" can mean the state in which the motor continues to rotate due to inertia after losing power drive. In this state, the motor can operate as a generator, converting rotor kinetic energy into electrical energy. "Purge opening" can mean the specific opening maintained by the throttle valve during emergency shutdown to purge the fuel cell stack. For example, the purging opening can be 50% to 60%. "Fuel cell stack" can refer to the core component in the fuel cell system where the electrochemical reaction occurs. The fuel cell stack can be composed of multiple single cells connected in series, with air flowing on the cathode side and hydrogen flowing on the anode side. "Purge completed" can mean that the residual air and reaction products in the stack have been fully discharged, reaching the safe shutdown conditions. Stopping the system can refer to disconnecting the motor power supply after all shutdown operations are completed, resulting in a complete system shutdown.

[0062] Specifically, when the controller detects a system fault (such as over-temperature, over-current, or leakage) and determines it to be an emergency shutdown condition, it immediately executes the following shutdown controls: Reduce the VNT opening to 0% to cut off the turbine's exhaust gas energy input, preventing the turbine from continuously driving the compressor. Simultaneously increase the bypass valve opening to 100% to maximize the relief of compressor outlet pressure and prevent compressor surge. Disconnect the motor power supply, allowing the motor to coast while simultaneously recovering the motor rotor's kinetic energy. Maintain the throttle valve at a 50%–60% purging opening to purge the fuel cell stack, expelling residual air and reaction products. Maintain the purging state for a period to ensure the stack is thoroughly purged, then disconnect the motor power supply, achieving a complete system shutdown. The entire emergency shutdown process is free of surge and pressure shocks, and the fuel cell stack is thoroughly purged.

[0063] This step incorporates control strategies for safety protection, fuel cell stack purging, and energy recovery under emergency shutdown conditions. By fully shutting off the turbine energy input through VNT and fully opening the bypass valve to relieve compressor outlet pressure, the risks of surge and pressure shock are eliminated at their source. Rotor kinetic energy is recovered through motor coasting, preventing complete energy waste. Maintaining the purging opening through the throttle valve ensures thorough fuel cell stack purging, guaranteeing a safe shutdown and improving system safety and reliability.

[0064] As an optional implementation of the present disclosure, in the emergency shutdown control process, the variable nozzle ring is immediately fully closed to cut off the exhaust gas energy input of the turbine; the bypass valve is immediately fully opened to relieve the compressor outlet pressure; the throttle valve is maintained at a 50% to 60% purging opening, and the motor power is cut off after purging is completed.

[0065] In this embodiment, "immediate full closure" can mean reducing the VNT opening to 0% within the first control cycle (e.g., within 10 ms) after an emergency shutdown condition is detected, without any delay. The turbine exhaust energy can refer to the pressure and heat energy carried by the fuel cell stack exhaust as it enters the turbine. This energy drives the turbine during normal operation but needs to be cut off during an emergency shutdown. "Immediate full opening" can mean increasing the bypass valve opening to 100% within the first control cycle (e.g., within 10 ms) after an emergency shutdown condition is detected, without any delay. The compressor outlet pressure can refer to the air pressure at the outlet after compression by the compressor. The compressor outlet pressure needs to be quickly released during an emergency shutdown to prevent surge.

[0066] Specifically, the emergency shutdown control procedure is executed according to the following steps. Within the first control cycle (e.g., 10ms) after detecting an emergency shutdown, the VNT immediately closes completely, cutting off the turbine's exhaust gas energy input and preventing the turbine from continuing to drive the compressor rotation due to inertia. Within the same control cycle, the bypass valve immediately opens fully, rapidly discharging the high-pressure air from the compressor outlet to downstream of the turbine outlet through the bypass line, maximizing the relief of compressor outlet pressure. The motor power is cut off, and the motor enters a coasting state, with rotor kinetic energy recovered through the regenerative braking circuit. The throttle valve maintains a 50%–60% purge opening, allowing a certain amount of air to continuously flow through the fuel cell cathode, expelling residual air and reaction products from the fuel cell stack. The purge process is maintained for a period (e.g., a time pre-calculated based on the fuel cell stack volume and purge flow rate) to ensure thorough fuel cell stack purging. After this, the motor power is cut off, and the system completely shuts down.

[0067] This optional implementation specifies the exact operating modes of each actuator under emergency shutdown conditions. Immediate full closure and immediate full opening ensure that surge and pressure shock are suppressed to the greatest extent. The specific value of the purging opening (50%–60%) provides a quantifiable control benchmark for engineering implementation, ensuring the thoroughness of fuel cell stack purging and the safety of system shutdown.

[0068] S160. Determine whether the current operating condition has reached the load reduction target or shutdown target. If not, continue executing the current control process.

[0069] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the load reduction target can refer to the target load value to be achieved under load reduction conditions, such as reducing the current power to a certain target power value. The shutdown target can refer to the complete shutdown state to be achieved under emergency shutdown conditions. The current control flow can refer to the differentiated control flow currently being executed. The current control flow may include a gradual load reduction control flow, a rapid load reduction control flow, or an emergency shutdown control flow.

[0070] Specifically, the controller continuously determines whether the control objective has been achieved during each operating condition. For the gradual load descent condition, it checks whether the system load has decreased to the target load value; if so, it switches to steady-state control logic; otherwise, it continues the gradual load descent control process. For the rapid load descent condition, it checks whether the system load has decreased to the target load value; if so, it switches to steady-state control logic; otherwise, it continues the rapid load descent control process. For the emergency shutdown condition, it checks whether the fuel cell stack purging has been completed; if so, it cuts off the motor power and completely shuts down the system; otherwise, it continues the purging process.

[0071] This step, through continuous closed-loop judgment, ensures that the control process can exit in a timely manner after the target is reached to avoid over-adjustment, or continue to execute when the target is not reached to ensure the ultimate achievement of the control objective, thus forming a complete closed-loop control logic and improving the reliability and integrity of the control.

[0072] The technical solution of this invention acquires the operating parameters of the fuel cell system, including at least the load change rate and fault signals. Based on the operating parameters, the current operating condition is identified as a gradual load reduction condition, a rapid load reduction condition, or an emergency shutdown condition. This achieves accurate classification and identification of the three operating conditions, providing an accurate basis for subsequent differentiated control. When the condition is identified as a gradual load reduction condition, the bypass valve is slowly opened at a first opening rate, the variable nozzle ring is slowly closed at a first closing rate, the speed of the high-speed drive motor is reduced in a stepwise manner, and the throttle opening is adjusted to stabilize the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack. At the same time, the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at a preset minimum safe flow rate, achieving smooth depressurization and surge suppression. During the control process, the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor are recovered, balancing system stability and energy utilization. When a rapid load reduction condition is identified, the bypass valve is controlled to open rapidly at the second opening rate, the variable nozzle ring is controlled to close rapidly at the second closing rate, and the speed of the high-speed drive motor is controlled to decrease in a step-down manner, in accordance with the priority order of bypass valve, variable nozzle ring, high-speed drive motor, and throttle valve. Simultaneously, the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at no less than the minimum safe flow rate, and the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor are recovered. This effectively solves the problems of high surge risk, severe pressure overshoot, and poor control coordination in existing technologies. When an emergency shutdown condition is identified, the variable nozzle ring is controlled to close completely, the bypass valve is controlled to open completely, the high-speed drive motor is controlled to stop driving and enter a coasting state to recover rotor kinetic energy, and the throttle valve is controlled to maintain the purging opening to purge the fuel cell stack. After purging is completed, the system is shut down. This ensures a safe shutdown while achieving energy recovery. It determines whether the current operating condition has reached the load reduction target or the shutdown target. If not, it continues to execute the current control process. It realizes hierarchical identification and differentiated collaborative control under different load reduction and shutdown conditions, effectively suppresses surge and pressure overshoot, recovers turbine residual pressure energy and motor rotor kinetic energy, and significantly improves the system's dynamic safety, energy utilization rate and operating condition adaptability.

[0073] The following are embodiments of the control device for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor provided in this invention. This device and the control method for the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor in the above embodiments belong to the same inventive concept. For details not described in detail in the embodiments of the control device for the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor, please refer to the embodiments of the control method for the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor described above.

[0074] Example 2 Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control device for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 3As shown, the device includes: a parameter acquisition module 310, a working condition identification module 320, a slow load reduction control module 330, a rapid load reduction control module 340, an emergency stop control module 350, and a target judgment module 360.

[0075] The system includes several modules: a parameter acquisition module 310, which acquires operating parameters of the fuel cell system, including at least the load change rate and fault signals; a condition identification module 320, which identifies the current operating condition as a gradual load reduction condition, a rapid load reduction condition, or an emergency shutdown condition based on the operating parameters; a gradual load reduction control module 330, which, when identified as a gradual load reduction condition, controls the bypass valve to open slowly at a first opening rate, controls the variable nozzle ring to close slowly at a first closing rate, controls the speed of the high-speed drive motor to decrease in a stepwise manner, adjusts the throttle opening to stabilize the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack, and maintains the compressor outlet flow rate at a preset minimum safe flow rate, while recovering turbine residual pressure energy and motor rotor kinetic energy during the control process; and a rapid load reduction control module 340, which, when identified as a rapid load reduction condition, controls the bypass valve, variable nozzle ring, and other components to close slowly at a first closing rate. The system prioritizes the high-speed drive motor and throttle valve, controls the bypass valve to open rapidly at the second opening rate, controls the variable nozzle ring to close rapidly at the second closing rate, controls the speed of the high-speed drive motor to decrease in a step-down manner, and then adjusts the throttle valve opening while maintaining the compressor outlet flow rate at no less than the minimum safe flow rate, and recovers the turbine residual pressure energy and motor rotor kinetic energy; the emergency stop control module 350 is used to control the variable nozzle ring to close completely, control the bypass valve to open completely, control the high-speed drive motor to stop driving and enter the coasting state to recover rotor kinetic energy, control the throttle valve to maintain the purging opening to purge the fuel cell stack, and stop the system after purging is completed; the target judgment module 360 ​​is used to determine whether the current operating condition has reached the load reduction target or the shutdown target. If not, the current control process continues to be executed.

[0076] The technical solution of this invention acquires the operating parameters of the fuel cell system, including at least the load change rate and fault signals. Based on the operating parameters, the current operating condition is identified as a gradual load reduction condition, a rapid load reduction condition, or an emergency shutdown condition. This achieves accurate classification and identification of the three operating conditions, providing an accurate basis for subsequent differentiated control. When the condition is identified as a gradual load reduction condition, the bypass valve is slowly opened at a first opening rate, the variable nozzle ring is slowly closed at a first closing rate, the speed of the high-speed drive motor is reduced in a stepwise manner, and the throttle opening is adjusted to stabilize the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack. At the same time, the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at a preset minimum safe flow rate, achieving smooth depressurization and surge suppression. During the control process, the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor are recovered, balancing system stability and energy utilization. When a rapid load reduction condition is identified, the bypass valve is controlled to open rapidly at the second opening rate, the variable nozzle ring is controlled to close rapidly at the second closing rate, and the speed of the high-speed drive motor is controlled to decrease in a step-down manner, in accordance with the priority order of bypass valve, variable nozzle ring, high-speed drive motor, and throttle valve. Simultaneously, the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at no less than the minimum safe flow rate, and the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor are recovered. This effectively solves the problems of high surge risk, severe pressure overshoot, and poor control coordination in existing technologies. When an emergency shutdown condition is identified, the variable nozzle ring is controlled to close completely, the bypass valve is controlled to open completely, the high-speed drive motor is controlled to stop driving and enter a coasting state to recover rotor kinetic energy, and the throttle valve is controlled to maintain the purging opening to purge the fuel cell stack. After purging is completed, the system is shut down. This ensures a safe shutdown while achieving energy recovery. It determines whether the current operating condition has reached the load reduction target or the shutdown target. If not, it continues to execute the current control process. It realizes hierarchical identification and differentiated collaborative control under different load reduction and shutdown conditions, effectively suppresses surge and pressure overshoot, recovers turbine residual pressure energy and motor rotor kinetic energy, and significantly improves the system's dynamic safety, energy utilization rate and operating condition adaptability.

[0077] Optionally, the operating condition identification module 320 is specifically used to: identify the current operating condition as a slow load reduction condition when the absolute value of the load change rate is less than or equal to the first threshold and there is no fault signal; identify the current operating condition as a rapid load reduction condition when the load change rate is greater than the first threshold and there is no fault signal; and identify the current operating condition as an emergency shutdown condition when there is a fault signal.

[0078] Optionally, in the load easing control process, the bypass valve opens from 0% to 30%–40% at a rate of 5% increase every 10ms; the variable nozzle ring closes from 55% to 25%–30% at a rate of 3% decrease every 10ms; the motor speed decreases by 3000–4000 rpm every 10ms; the throttle opening is maintained at 75%–85%; the minimum safe flow rate is 25g / s; and the duration of the entire load easing control process is 300–400ms.

[0079] Optionally, in the rapid load reduction control process, the bypass valve opens from 0% to 70%–85% within 0.12 seconds; the variable nozzle ring closes from 55% to 15%–20% within the same time limit; the motor speed decreases by 3000–4000 rpm to 50000–55000 rpm every 10 ms within 80–200 ms; the throttle opening is adjusted from 80% to 65%–75% within 200–300 ms, stabilizing the fuel cell cathode inlet pressure at 1.5–1.8 bar absolute pressure; the total duration of the entire rapid load reduction control process is less than or equal to 300 ms, the pressure overshoot is less than or equal to 0.03 MPa, and the recovered energy is 0.5–0.7 kJ.

[0080] Optionally, during the emergency shutdown control procedure, the variable nozzle ring immediately closes completely to cut off the exhaust gas energy input to the turbine; the bypass valve immediately opens completely to relieve the compressor outlet pressure; the throttle valve maintains a 50%–60% purging opening and the motor power is cut off after purging is completed.

[0081] Optionally, the device further includes: An energy recovery module is used to feed the recovered energy back to the power bus or energy storage capacitor, or to store and reuse it through an energy recovery regulation module.

[0082] The control device for the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor provided in this embodiment of the invention can execute the control method for the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor provided in any embodiment of the invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the control method for the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor.

[0083] It is worth noting that in the above-described embodiment of the control of the fuel cell eddy current composite air compressor, the various units and modules included are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be achieved; in addition, the specific names of each functional unit are only for easy differentiation and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0084] Example 3 Figure 4A schematic diagram of an electronic device 10, which can be used to implement embodiments of the present invention, is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices (e.g., helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0085] like Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11 and a memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 12 or a random access memory (RAM) 13, communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11. The memory stores computer programs executable by the at least one processor. The processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on the computer program stored in the ROM 12 or loaded from storage unit 18 into the RAM 13. The RAM 13 can also store various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 10. The processor 11, ROM 12, and RAM 13 are interconnected via a bus 14. An input / output (I / O) interface 15 is also connected to the bus 14.

[0086] Multiple components in electronic device 10 are connected to I / O interface 15, including: input unit 16, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 17, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; storage unit 18, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 19, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 19 allows electronic device 10 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0087] Processor 11 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. Processor 11 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as the control method for a fuel cell eddy current compound air compressor.

[0088] In some embodiments, the control method for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor can be implemented as a computer program tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium, such as storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed on electronic device 10 via ROM 12 and / or communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 13 and executed by processor 11, one or more steps of the control method for the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor described above can be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, processor 11 can be configured to perform the control method for the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0089] Various implementations of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital circuit systems, integrated circuits, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), systems-on-chips (SoCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0090] Computer programs used to implement the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor, the computer programs cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The computer programs may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, or as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0091] In the context of this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a computer program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. Alternatively, a computer-readable storage medium may be a machine-readable signal medium. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0092] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the electronic device. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0093] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or middleware components (e.g., application servers), or frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., communication networks). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the Internet.

[0094] A computing system can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact through communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a hosting product within the cloud computing service system to address the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability.

[0095] This invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the control method for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor as provided in any embodiment of this application.

[0096] In implementing the computer program product, computer program code for performing the operations of this invention can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof. Programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). This program product belongs to the same inventive concept as the control method of the fuel cell eddy current compound air compressor disclosed in the embodiments of this application, and therefore will not be described further here.

[0097] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0098] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A control method for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor, characterized in that, include: The operating parameters of the fuel cell system are obtained, including at least the load change rate and fault signals. Based on the operating parameters, the current operating condition is identified as a slow load reduction condition, a rapid load reduction condition, or an emergency shutdown condition. When the load is identified as a slow-down condition, the bypass valve is slowly opened at the first opening rate, the variable nozzle ring is slowly closed at the first closing rate, the speed of the high-speed drive motor is reduced in a step-down manner, the throttle opening is adjusted to stabilize the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack, and the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at no less than the preset minimum safe flow rate. During the control process, the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor are recovered. When a rapid load reduction condition is identified, the bypass valve is controlled to open rapidly at the second opening rate, the variable nozzle ring is controlled to close rapidly at the second closing rate, and the speed of the high-speed drive motor is controlled to decrease in a step-down manner, in accordance with the priority order of bypass valve, variable nozzle ring, high-speed drive motor, and throttle valve. At the same time, the compressor outlet flow rate is maintained at no less than the minimum safe flow rate, and the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor are recovered. When an emergency shutdown condition is identified, the variable nozzle ring is fully closed, the bypass valve is fully opened, the high-speed drive motor is stopped and enters a coasting state to recover rotor kinetic energy, the throttle valve is kept at the purging opening to purge the fuel cell stack, and the system is stopped after purging is completed. Determine whether the current operating condition has reached the load reduction target or the shutdown target. If not, continue executing the current control process.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of identifying the current operating condition as a gradual load descent condition, a rapid load descent condition, or an emergency shutdown condition based on the operating parameters includes: When the absolute value of the load change rate is less than or equal to the first threshold and there is no fault signal, the current operating condition is identified as a slow load descent condition. When the load change rate is greater than the first threshold and there is no fault signal, the current operating condition is identified as a rapid load drop condition. When a fault signal is present, the current operating condition is identified as an emergency shutdown condition.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the load easing control process, the bypass valve opens from 0% to 30%–40% at a rate of 5% increase every 10ms; the variable nozzle ring closes from 55% to 25%–30% at a rate of 3% decrease every 10ms; the motor speed decreases by 3000–4000 rpm every 10ms; the throttle opening is maintained at 75%–85%; the minimum safe flow rate is 25g / s; and the duration of the entire load easing control process is 300–400ms.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the rapid load reduction control process, the bypass valve opens from 0% to 70%–85% within 0.12 seconds; the variable nozzle ring closes from 55% to 15%–20% within the same time limit; the motor speed decreases by 3000–4000 rpm to 50000–55000 rpm every 10 ms within 80–200 ms; the throttle opening is adjusted from 80% to 65%–75% within 200–300 ms, stabilizing the fuel cell cathode inlet pressure at 1.5–1.8 bar absolute pressure; the total duration of the entire rapid load reduction control process is less than or equal to 300 ms, the pressure overshoot is less than or equal to 0.03 MPa, and the recovered energy is 0.5–0.7 kJ.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the emergency shutdown control procedure, the variable nozzle ring immediately closes completely to cut off the exhaust gas energy input to the turbine; the bypass valve immediately opens completely to relieve the compressor outlet pressure; the throttle valve maintains a 50% to 60% purging opening and the motor power is cut off after purging is completed.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The recovered energy can be fed back to the power bus or energy storage capacitor, or stored and reused through an energy recovery regulation module.

7. A control device for a fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor, characterized in that, The device includes: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the operating parameters of the fuel cell system, which include at least the load change rate and fault signals. The operating condition identification module is used to identify the current operating condition as a slow load reduction condition, a rapid load reduction condition, or an emergency shutdown condition based on the operating parameters. The load easing control module is used to control the bypass valve to open slowly at a first opening rate, control the variable nozzle ring to close slowly at a first closing rate, control the speed of the high-speed drive motor to decrease in a step-down manner, adjust the throttle opening to stabilize the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack, and maintain the compressor outlet flow rate not lower than the preset minimum safe flow rate when the load easing condition is identified. In the process of control, it also recovers the residual pressure energy of the turbine and the kinetic energy of the motor rotor. The rapid load reduction control module is used to, when a rapid load reduction condition is identified, control the bypass valve to open rapidly at a second opening rate, control the variable nozzle ring to close rapidly at a second closing rate, control the speed of the high-speed drive motor to decrease in a step-down manner, and then adjust the throttle opening in the priority order of bypass valve, variable nozzle ring, high-speed drive motor, and throttle valve. At the same time, it maintains the compressor outlet flow rate not lower than the minimum safe flow rate and recovers the turbine residual pressure energy and motor rotor kinetic energy. The emergency stop control module is used to control the variable nozzle ring to be fully closed, the bypass valve to be fully opened, the high-speed drive motor to stop driving and enter the coasting state to recover rotor kinetic energy, and the throttle valve to maintain the purging opening to purge the fuel cell stack when an emergency stop condition is identified. The system is then stopped after purging is completed. The target determination module is used to determine whether the current operating condition has reached the load reduction target or the shutdown target. If not, the current control process continues to be executed.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: One or more processors; Memory, used to store one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the control method for the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by the processor, the program implements the control method for the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the control method for the fuel cell eddy current hybrid air compressor as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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