Automatic straw collection and underground incineration and field returning equipment

Abstract

The application discloses automatic straw collection underground incineration and field returning equipment, which comprises collection device, crushing device, extrusion device, carbonization device and water collecting device connected in sequence; the water collecting device comprises a liquid collecting bin, the extrusion device comprises an extrusion cavity provided with a double-layer structure with an inner cavity, the inner cavity is communicated with the liquid collecting bin, at least two groups of hollow extrusion rollers are arranged in the extrusion cavity, a liquid storage cavity is arranged in the hollow extrusion roller, an auxiliary dewatering mechanism is further integrated at the rear section of the extrusion cavity, the auxiliary dewatering mechanism comprises an air guide opening arranged on the side wall of the extrusion cavity and a negative pressure suction opening arranged at the top and rear end of the extrusion cavity. The application combines the extrusion dewatering and the air extraction auxiliary dewatering structure, can simultaneously complete the mechanical pressing liquid collection, warm air surface dehumidification and negative pressure wet gas recovery in the same cavity, efficiently reduces the water content of the straw, guarantees the stable and safe dewatering operation, and realizes the recycling and reuse of water resources and heat energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to an automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Straw returning equipment is typically mounted on a tractor or uses a self-propelled chassis. A front-end pickup device or header cuts and collects residual upright straw and stubble in the field. Then, a high-speed rotating blade shaft, hammer claws, or spalling blade mechanically impacts and shears the straw, crushing it into short pieces before directly spreading it back into the field. This type of mechanized operation, to some extent, solves the air pollution problem caused by straw burning and achieves preliminary physical treatment of the straw.

[0003] Traditional straw collection and returning equipment primarily relies on the physical conversion of mechanical kinetic energy. During operation, the power output shaft drives the pickup or feeding mechanism to force the straw into the crushing chamber. High-speed rotating moving blades work in conjunction with fixed blades to break the straw through shearing, tearing, and rubbing. The crushed straw is then scattered onto the ground by a fan or centrifugal force, and subsequently tilled into the soil by a rotary tiller. While some improved models have added simple soil removal or dust removal functions, their core logic remains a one-way physical change of straw—cutting, crushing, and scattering. The material passes through the equipment linearly and rapidly, resulting in the following drawbacks: First, traditional equipment ignores the high moisture content of fresh straw. During crushing and compression, the juice released from the straw often mixes with the crushed material or is directly discharged, wasting nutrient-rich liquid organic fertilizer resources. Furthermore, the high moisture content of the material easily leads to equipment blockage in subsequent processing. Second, when processing dry or semi-dry straw, existing equipment lacks effective heat dissipation and temperature control mechanisms. The heat generated by the intense friction between high-speed rotating parts and the straw is difficult to dissipate in time, easily causing the material temperature to rise, posing a high risk of spontaneous combustion or fire, seriously threatening operational safety. In addition, traditional methods of returning straw to the field mostly involve surface spreading or shallow burial. The straw decomposes slowly and cannot kill insect eggs and weed seeds through high-temperature pyrolysis to generate stable biochar like carbonization. This results in limited soil improvement after returning straw to the field, and may even negatively impact the growth of subsequent crops due to straw decomposition competing for nitrogen.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide an automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One objective of this invention is to provide an automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment. This invention combines a squeezing dehydration structure with a pneumatic dehydration structure, which can simultaneously complete multiple operations such as mechanical pressing and liquid collection, warm air surface dehumidification, and negative pressure moisture recovery within the same cavity. This effectively reduces the moisture content of straw, ensuring stable and safe dehydration operations while also realizing the recycling of water resources and heat energy.

[0006] An automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a collection device, a crushing device, a pressing device, a carbonization device and a water collection device connected in sequence. The water collection device includes a liquid collection chamber located at the bottom of the crushing and extrusion devices to collect the liquid extruded by the crushing and extrusion devices. The extrusion device includes an extrusion chamber, which is configured as a double-layer structure with an inner cavity. The inner cavity is connected to a liquid collection chamber. At least two sets of hollow extrusion rollers are provided inside the extrusion chamber. A liquid storage chamber is provided inside the hollow extrusion rollers. Filter holes communicating with the liquid storage chamber are opened on the roller surface of the hollow extrusion rollers. Liquid guide pipes are connected to both ends of the hollow extrusion rollers through rotary sealing joints. The liquid guide pipes are connected to the liquid collection chamber. The rear section of the extrusion chamber is also integrated with an auxiliary dehydration mechanism, which includes air guides arranged on the side wall of the extrusion chamber and negative pressure suction ports set at the top and rear end of the extrusion chamber. The warm air delivered by the air guides penetrates the material layer inside the extrusion chamber and carries away the surface free water vapor. The negative pressure suction ports quickly extract moisture and water vapor from the extrusion chamber.

[0007] Furthermore, the collection device includes a collection hood, inside which a pickup rotor, a transport roller, and a transport belt mechanism are sequentially mounted via bearings.

[0008] Furthermore, the crushing device includes a crushing chamber, which is fixedly connected to a collection hood. Two sets of crushing rollers are installed inside the crushing chamber. The spacing between the set of crushing rollers closer to the front collection device is greater than the spacing between the set of crushing rollers behind it, forming a primary coarse crushing blade group and a secondary fine crushing and shredding assembly. The outer wall of the crushing chamber is designed as a cavity structure and is equipped with a double-layer filter screen, which includes an outer coarse filter screen and an inner fine filter screen. A backflushing and unblocking device is installed in the cavity structure at the top of the crushing chamber. The air source end of the backflushing and unblocking device is connected to the pipeline of the negative pressure collection port.

[0009] Furthermore, a path channel is provided between the crushing chamber and the extrusion chamber. A variable pitch auger is installed in the path channel. The side wall of the path channel is also designed as a cavity structure and is connected to the cavity structure of the crushing chamber. A double-layer filter screen is provided on the side wall of the path channel. The bottom of the cavity structure of the path channel is connected to the liquid collection chamber through a flow channel.

[0010] Furthermore, the two sets of hollow extrusion rollers include a front coarse extrusion roller and a rear fine extrusion roller. The filter holes are tapered with a larger outer diameter and a smaller inner diameter. The liquid storage cavity of the hollow extrusion roller is provided with spiral liquid guiding ribs. The spiral direction of the spiral liquid guiding ribs is opposite to the rotation direction of the extrusion roller, which is used to guide the juice to flow to the end of the roller shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of the extrusion chamber is designed as a funnel-shaped liquid collection chamber that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The bottom of the funnel-shaped liquid collection chamber is equipped with an intercepting filter screen. The funnel-shaped liquid collection chamber is connected to the liquid collection chamber through a water pipe. The liquid collection chamber is connected to the rotary sealing joint through a pumping pipeline, which is used to transport the straw juice collected in the inner cavity of the hollow extrusion roller to the liquid collection chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, a waste heat exchanger is installed between the air duct and the carbonization device. The carbonization device includes a carbonization chamber. The hot flue gas inlet of the waste heat exchanger is connected to the flue gas outlet of the carbonization chamber. The cold air inlet of the waste heat exchanger is connected to the outside of the equipment. The hot air outlet of the waste heat exchanger is connected to the air duct through the air duct to transfer the heat of the high-temperature flue gas generated by carbonization to the external natural wind, forming a wind of 40-60°C that penetrates the material layer in the extrusion chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, a solid-liquid separation device, a condenser, and a negative pressure generator are sequentially connected to the rear end of the negative pressure suction port. The solid-liquid separation device is used to intercept solid particles in the suction airflow, and the condenser is used to condense the moisture in the airflow into liquid water. The liquid outlet of the condenser is channeled into the liquid collection chamber through a return pipe, and the gas outlet of the condenser is connected to the negative pressure generator.

[0014] Furthermore, filter plates are installed at both the air guide vent and the negative pressure suction inlet.

[0015] Furthermore, the carbonization chamber is buried underground, and the front end of the carbonization chamber is equipped with a soil-breaking and guiding blade. The outer perimeter of the carbonization chamber is equipped with an elastic sealing skirt. During operation, the elastic sealing skirt fits tightly with the soil surface to form a seal.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention combines extrusion dehydration with pneumatic dehydration, enabling simultaneous mechanical pressing and liquid collection, warm air surface dehumidification, and negative pressure moisture recovery within the same chamber. The dual-path liquid collection method significantly improves straw juice recovery efficiency, while the residual heat from carbonization allows for low-temperature, gentle drying. Combined with negative pressure suction for rapid removal and condensation of moisture from the chamber, the two technologies work synergistically to efficiently reduce straw moisture content. This ensures stable and safe dehydration operations while achieving the recycling of water and heat energy, effectively improving material quality and providing qualified raw materials for subsequent closed carbonization operations. Overall, it significantly enhances the quality of straw dehydration treatment and the comprehensive utilization benefits of resources.

[0017] This invention employs a dual dewatering mechanism of shearing and reverse extrusion, achieved through mechanical crushing within the crushing chamber and axial compression by a variable-pitch auger. The primary crushing cuts the fiber skeleton, while the secondary reeling disrupts the cell walls. Combined with the gradually decreasing pitch of the variable-pitch auger, the material experiences progressively increasing axial extrusion pressure during transport, resulting in the pre-precipitation of over 30% free water before entering the main extrusion zone. This gradient pre-dewatering design significantly reduces the load on the subsequent hollow extrusion rollers, preventing slippage caused by directly feeding high-moisture materials into the rollers.

[0018] The outer wall of the extrusion roller of this invention adopts a tapered filter hole with a larger outer diameter and a smaller inner diameter, combined with a spiral guide rib structure on the inner wall of the roller. This structure can quickly guide the juice into the roller cavity during the extrusion operation and prevent the liquid in the cavity from flowing back into the material, thereby improving the purity and efficiency of juice collection. The juice that seeps into the roller flows orderly along the guide ribs, uniformly exchanging heat and cooling the roller body throughout the process. This effectively dissipates the heat generated by the extrusion friction and prevents the high temperature from igniting the straw material. At the same time, it integrates multiple functions such as pressing and collecting liquid, preventing backflow, and self-cooling of the roller body, ensuring that the dehydration operation is carried out efficiently and stably.

[0019] This solution utilizes a negative pressure generator to extract humidified airflow, separating the solid and liquid components before introducing it into the crushing chamber. This airflow not only removes deposits from the filter surface but also uses its pulsating characteristics to generate aeroelastic impacts, dislodging the fine fibers embedded in the filter's micropores, achieving online self-cleaning and ensuring the continuous unobstructed flow of the juice recovery channel. Simultaneously, the 450-550℃ high-temperature flue gas discharged from the carbonization chamber is converted into 40-60℃ warm air via a waste heat exchanger. This temperature range precisely matches the softening point of straw lignin. As the warm air penetrates the material layer, it disrupts the saturated vapor boundary layer on the surface of the highly moist material, accelerating the vaporization of bound water. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a front sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the crushing device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of section A.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a front structural cross-sectional view of the crushing device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the extrusion device structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of section B in the middle.

[0028] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the C-section structure.

[0029] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of section D.

[0030] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary dehydration mechanism of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary dehydration mechanism and carbonization device of the present invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 100, collecting device; 101, collecting cover; 102, picking rotor; 103, conveyor roller; 104, spiral rib; 105, scraper; 110, conveyor belt mechanism; 111, conveyor roller; 112, conveyor belt; 200. Crushing device; 201. Crushing chamber; 202. Crushing roller; 203. Cavity structure; 204. Double-layer filter screen; 205. Path channel; 206. Variable pitch auger; 207. Backflushing and unclogging device; 300. Extrusion device; 301. Extrusion chamber; 302. Inner cavity; 303. Hollow extrusion roller; 304. Liquid storage chamber; 305. Filter hole; 306. Rotary sealing joint; 307. Liquid guide pipe; 308. Spiral liquid guide rib; 309. Funnel-type liquid collection tank; 400. Carbonization device; 401. Carbonization chamber; 402. Soil-breaking and soil-guiding cutting edge; 403. Elastic sealing skirt; 500. Water collection device; 501. Liquid collection chamber; 600. Auxiliary dehydration mechanism; 601. Air vent; 602. Negative pressure collection port; 603. Waste heat exchanger; 604. Air duct; 605. Solid-liquid separation device; 606. Condensation device; 607. Negative pressure generator; 608. Return pipeline; 609. Filter plate. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0034] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 4 as well as Figures 8 to 11 As shown in the figure, an automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a collection device 100, a crushing device 200, a pressing device 300, a carbonization device 400 and a water collection device 500 connected in sequence. The water collection device 500 includes a liquid collection chamber 501, which is located at the bottom of the crushing device 200 and the extrusion device 300 to collect the liquid extruded by the crushing device 200 and the extrusion device 300. The extrusion device 300 includes an extrusion chamber 301, which is configured as a double-layer structure with an inner cavity 302. The inner cavity 302 is connected to the liquid collection chamber 501. At least two sets of hollow extrusion rollers 303 are provided in the extrusion chamber 301. The inside of the hollow extrusion rollers 303 is provided with a liquid storage chamber 304. The roller surface of the hollow extrusion rollers 303 is provided with filter holes 305 that are connected to the liquid storage chamber 304. Both ends of the hollow extrusion rollers 303 are connected to liquid guide pipes 307 through rotary sealing joints 306. The liquid guide pipes 307 are connected to the liquid collection chamber 501. The rear section of the extrusion chamber 301 also integrates an auxiliary dehydration mechanism 600. The auxiliary dehydration mechanism 600 includes an air guide 601 arranged on the side wall of the extrusion chamber 301 and a negative pressure suction port 602 arranged at the top and rear end of the extrusion chamber 301. The warm air vented by the air guide 601 penetrates the material layer inside the extrusion chamber 301 and carries away the surface free water vapor. The negative pressure suction port 602 quickly extracts the moisture and water vapor inside the extrusion chamber 301. In traditional equipment operation, the front-end picking mechanism gathers straw from the field and feeds the material into the crushing chamber 201 for chopping and pulverizing. The pulverized straw fragments are then directly scattered onto the farmland surface through the discharge port, relying solely on the natural environment to slowly decompose and return the straw to the field. The entire operation only changes the shape of the straw by cutting it; it does not squeeze out or recover the moisture from the straw, has no multi-stage dehydration process, and does not include any heat utilization or closed carbonization modification structures. The processed straw is left in the field to degrade naturally. In contrast, in this embodiment, during the equipment's movement, the front-end collecting device 100 gathers the straw and conveys it to the crushing chamber 201. Coarse and fine crushing is achieved through two-stage crushing rollers 202, and the straw moisture is extracted through double pressing by a variable-pitch auger 206. The juice is collected in the liquid collection chamber 501 via the inner cavity 302 and double-layer filter screen 204. The material is then fed into the extrusion chamber 301, where it is deeply extruded and dehydrated by two sets of hollow extrusion rollers 303 with different gaps. The conical filter holes 305, in conjunction with the internal spiral... The guide ribs collect the juice, which is then circulated in the roller cavity to cool the roller body. The extrusion chamber 301 simultaneously starts negative pressure dehumidification and waste heat drying. The negative pressure airflow washes the filter screen of the crushing chamber 201 in the opposite direction. The carbonization chamber 401 dries the material after waste heat exchange. The juice is collected after the moisture is condensed. The dehydrated straw is fed into the underground sealed carbonization chamber 401 through a quantitative feeder. The pyrolysis and carbonization are completed in a low oxygen and constant temperature environment. The carbonization products are covered with soil and returned to the field on the spot. The collected straw juice is used as liquid organic fertilizer for spraying farmland. This solution can directly process fresh, wet straw. Two-stage crushing combined with auger double pressing ensures efficient dehydration, completely solving the problem of wet material clogging and blade entanglement, eliminating the need for drying, and significantly saving manpower and operating time. Simultaneously, the crushing roller 202, auger, and extrusion roller collect juice at multiple locations. Conical filter holes 305 prevent backflow, and guide ribs orderly guide the liquid, ensuring comprehensive moisture recovery and avoiding resource waste. The recovered juice can also be returned to the field for fertilization, improving the soil growing environment. Furthermore, the internal juice circulation cooling structure quickly dissipates the heat from extrusion friction, effectively avoiding the risk of straw spontaneous combustion and improving the safety of continuous equipment operation. At the same time, negative pressure airflow automatically reverses and washes the filter screen, eliminating the need for manual cleaning and ensuring smooth juice flow, reducing equipment maintenance difficulty. Additionally, the waste heat from carbonization is recovered to dry the material, allowing for secondary utilization of waste heat energy, effectively reducing the overall energy consumption of the machine, making it green, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly. After deep dehydration, the material undergoes underground closed-loop low-temperature carbonization to generate high-quality biomass charcoal fertilizer, with faster decomposition and longer-lasting fertilizer effect, effectively enhancing the utilization value of straw for returning to the field.

[0035] See also Figures 3 to 4 As shown, the collection device 100 includes a collection cover 101, and a pickup rotor 102, a transport roller 103 and a transport belt mechanism 110 are sequentially mounted inside the collection cover 101 via bearings. The structure of the collection device 100 is existing technology. The conveyor roller 103 has spiral ribs 104 with opposite directions on both sides and multiple scrapers 105 in the middle. The straw transported by the pick-up rotor 102 and the spiral ribs 104 is transported to the conveyor belt mechanism 110. The conveyor belt mechanism 110 includes a conveyor roller 111 and a conveyor belt 112, which is used to transport the straw into the crushing chamber 201.

[0036] See also Figures 8 to 11As shown, in order to fully collect the liquid seeping out after squeezing, the two sets of hollow squeezing rollers 303 include a front coarse squeezing roller and a rear fine squeezing roller. The coarse and fine rollers squeeze in stages, gradually increasing the squeezing force, making the straw dewatering more thorough, effectively reducing the moisture content of the material, and adapting to the requirements of subsequent carbonization processing. The filter hole 305 has a conical structure with a larger outer diameter and a smaller inner diameter. The conical filter hole 305 with a larger outer diameter and a smaller inner diameter allows water to enter but not exit, preventing the juice in the cavity from flowing back and wetting the material, ensuring the dewatering effect, and at the same time blocking fine straw fragments from entering the roller, reducing pipeline blockage. The liquid storage cavity 304 of the hollow squeezing roller 303 is provided with a spiral liquid guiding rib 308. The spiral direction of the spiral liquid guiding rib 308 is opposite to the rotation direction of the squeezing roller, which is used to guide the juice to flow to the end of the roller shaft. The reverse spiral liquid guiding rib 308 relies on the rotation of the roller body to efficiently guide the liquid, ensuring smooth juice delivery and improving the liquid collection efficiency. The bottom of the extrusion chamber 301 is set as a funnel-shaped liquid collection chamber 309 with a wider top and a narrower bottom. The bottom of the funnel-shaped liquid collection chamber 309 is equipped with an intercepting filter screen. The funnel-shaped liquid collection chamber 309 is connected to the liquid collection chamber 501 through a water pipe. The funnel chamber collects the overflow juice from the bottom, and the double-layer path collects water in a comprehensive manner, with no leakage or loss of juice, greatly improving the recycling rate. The liquid collection chamber 501 is connected to the rotary sealing joint 306 through a pumping pipeline, which is used to transport the straw juice collected in the inner cavity of the hollow extrusion roller 303 into the liquid collection chamber 501. The juice is uniformly collected and pumped for transportation. The pipeline is neatly arranged, and the sealed transportation is not prone to leakage. The recovered juice can also be used to cool the roller body, avoiding the ignition of materials by friction and high temperature, and significantly improving the safety of operation. The material passes sequentially through a front coarse roller and a rear fine roller to complete the grading, extrusion, and dehydration. The juice that seeps out during extrusion seeps into the roller body's liquid storage chamber 304 through the large-inner-large-outer-conical filter holes 305. Inside the chamber, spiral guide ribs 308, rotating in the opposite direction to the roller body, guide the juice towards the end of the roller shaft, and then through a rotary sealing joint 306 and pipelines into the liquid collection bin 501. Juice overflowing from the roller gaps and dripping from the material falls into the bottom funnel-shaped liquid collection bin 309, where it is filtered to remove impurities and also collected in the liquid storage bin. The liquid in the bin is circulated through pump pipelines, which not only completes the unified collection of juice but also allows it to flow back to the roller cavity for heat exchange and cooling. The entire structure operates synchronously for grading, liquid collection, and guiding, and works in conjunction with the overall machine process to achieve integrated operation of dehydration, liquid collection, and cooling. In this embodiment, the reverse spiral liquid guiding rib 308 can slightly disturb the liquid inside the roller cavity while guiding the liquid, preventing impurities from settling and adhering to the hole wall, indirectly reducing the frequency of filter hole 305 clogging, extending the stable operation time of the equipment, and the combination of graded extrusion and dual-path liquid collection ensures that the material is pressed evenly and regularly, making it less likely for the material to be excessively fine and scattered, reducing material loss, and improving the feeding stability of subsequent feeding and carbonization.

[0037] See also Figures 8 to 13As shown, to achieve deep dehydration of the material, a waste heat exchanger 603 is installed between the air vent 601 and the carbonization device 400. The carbonization device 400 includes a carbonization chamber 401. The hot flue gas inlet of the waste heat exchanger 603 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the carbonization chamber 401, recovering the waste heat from the carbonization chamber 401 as a heat source for dehydration. No additional heating devices are required, effectively reducing equipment power consumption and saving operating costs. The cold air inlet of the waste heat exchanger 603 is connected to the outside of the equipment. The hot air outlet of 603 is connected to the air inlet 601 through the air duct 604, which is used to transfer the heat of the high-temperature flue gas generated by carbonization to the external natural wind, forming a 40-60℃ wind that penetrates the material layer in the extrusion chamber 301. The 40-60℃ gentle hot air dehumidifies, which can efficiently remove moisture from the surface of the material without causing the straw to char or catch fire, thus ensuring the quality of the material. The hot air penetration dehydration combined with the extrusion dehydration has a superimposed effect, which steadily reduces the moisture content of the straw to meet the material standards for subsequent carbonization processing. The high-temperature flue gas generated during the operation of carbonization chamber 401 is fed into waste heat exchanger 603 as a heat source. Cool air from outside the equipment enters the chamber through the cold air inlet. The hot and cold fluids exchange heat within the exchanger, heating the air to 40-60℃. The heated air is then sent into extrusion chamber 301 via air duct 604 and air outlet 601. The hot air evenly penetrates the straw material layer, carrying away moisture adhering to the material surface. The cooled flue gas is then discharged according to regulations, achieving the recovery and reuse of carbonization waste heat. Deep dehydration of the material is achieved through the combined effect of temperature-controlled hot air and negative pressure suction. Constant-temperature hot air can kill insect eggs and harmful bacteria attached to the surface of straw, reducing the probability of pest and disease breeding in the field after the material is returned to the field. The continuous hot air blowing sweeps the inner wall of the chamber and the gaps between the materials, reducing the accumulation of straw debris, lowering the probability of chamber blockage, and reducing the frequency of downtime for cleaning. The heat of the flue gas is fully absorbed and utilized, reducing heat loss inside the carbonization chamber 401, making it easier to maintain a stable temperature inside the chamber, and resulting in higher uniformity of carbonized product quality. Airflow runs through the extrusion chamber 301 and the carbonization chamber 401, balancing the air pressure in the two chambers, alleviating chamber deformation under negative pressure suction conditions, and improving the structural stability of the equipment.

[0038] See also Figures 12 to 13As shown, in order to quickly remove moisture from the cavity and work in conjunction with hot air drying to significantly reduce the moisture content of the straw, a solid-liquid separation device 605, a condensing device 606, and a negative pressure generator 607 are sequentially connected to the rear end of the negative pressure suction port 602. The solid-liquid separation device 605 is used to intercept solid particles in the suction airflow, and the condensing device 606 is used to condense the moisture in the airflow into liquid water. The liquid outlet of the condensing device 606 flows into the liquid collection chamber 501 through the return pipe 608. The gas outlet of the condensing device 606 is connected to the negative pressure generator 607. The multi-stage filtration and solid-liquid separation effectively protect the precision components such as the condensing device 606 and the negative pressure generator 607. Water vapor condensation and recovery convert gaseous moisture into liquid water for collection and utilization, further improving the overall juice recovery rate. The negative pressure suction quickly removes moisture from the cavity and works in conjunction with hot air drying to significantly reduce the moisture content of the straw. Filter plates 609 are installed at both the air outlet and the inlet of the negative pressure suction port 602. The negative pressure generator 607 generates negative pressure suction, drawing in a humid mixed airflow from the negative pressure collection port 602 of the extrusion chamber 301. The airflow first passes through the inlet filter plate 609 to initially block impurities, then enters the solid-liquid separation device 605 to trap straw solid debris. The remaining water vapor is sent to the condensation device 606, where it liquefies into liquid water upon cooling. The liquid water flows through the return pipe 608 into the liquid collection chamber 501 for unified storage. The clean gas, after moisture removal, is finally discharged from the negative pressure generator 607. The filter plates 609 installed at the air guide 601 and the negative pressure collection port 602 prevent debris from entering the air duct throughout the process, ensuring smooth operation of all components in the airflow treatment system. Negative pressure airflow can drive air circulation within the cavity, balancing the temperature and humidity throughout the extrusion cavity 301, avoiding uneven drying and wetting of materials in certain areas, and significantly improving the uniformity of dehydration. The negative pressure generator 607 continuously generates suction power, drawing a mixed airflow containing water vapor, dust, and fine debris from the negative pressure collection port 602 of the extrusion cavity 301; the airflow first passes through the filter plate 609 to initially intercept impurities, and then is sent to the solid-liquid separation device 605 to retain solid particles, while the remaining moisture enters the condensation device 606 to liquefy and recover water, and the dehydrated and clean gas is finally purified and discharged into the air. At the same time, the entire negative pressure airflow system forms a channel for backflow, and part of the purified airflow is reversed and transported to the interior of the second-stage crushing chamber 201. Relying on the reverse airflow to flush the surface of the double-layer filter screen 204 of the crushing chamber 201, the attached and stuck straw fragments and fine impurities are blown away from the filter screen pores, realizing automatic unblocking of the filter screen. The airflow circulates through the dehydration and crushing stations, which not only completes the multi-stage purification and emission of waste gas, but also uses the negative pressure backflow airflow to complete the self-cleaning of the filter screen, making one gas for two uses.

[0039] Example 2 like Figures 5 to 7As shown, in order to crush straw and fully release fiber and water, the crushing device 200 includes a crushing chamber 201, which is fixedly connected to the collection cover 101. Two sets of crushing rollers 202 are installed inside the crushing chamber 201. The spacing between the set of crushing rollers 202 closer to the front collection device 100 is greater than the spacing between the set of crushing rollers 202 behind, forming a primary coarse crushing blade group and a secondary fine crushing and shredding assembly. This graded crushing and progressive processing of materials results in uniform crushing and shredding, fully releasing fiber and water. The outer wall of the crushing chamber 201 is a hollow structure 203 and equipped with a double-layer filter screen 204. The double-layer filter screen 204 includes an outer coarse filter screen and an inner fine filter screen. The double-layer filter screen 204 filters in layers, preventing solid debris from mixing into the water, improving the purity of the recycled water, and also protecting the cavity and water delivery channel from clogging. A backflushing and unclogging device 2 is installed inside the hollow structure 203 at the top of the crushing chamber 201. 07. The air source end of the backflushing and unblocking device 207 is connected to the pipeline of the negative pressure suction port 602. With the help of the negative pressure backflow airflow, it automatically cleans the double-layer filter screen 204 in reverse, without the need for manual shutdown and disassembly for cleaning. This keeps the double-layer filter screen 204 in a transparent state, and the juice extracted from the crushing can flow smoothly into the interlayer cavity, improving the juice collection efficiency. A path channel 205 is provided between the crushing chamber 201 and the extrusion chamber 301. A variable pitch auger 206 is provided in the path channel 205. The side wall of the path channel 205 is also set as a cavity structure 203 and is connected to the cavity structure 203 of the crushing chamber 201. The side wall of the path channel 205 is provided with a double-layer filter screen 204. The bottom of the cavity structure 203 of the path channel 205 is connected to the liquid collection chamber 501 through a flow channel. The crushing chamber 201 and the conveying channel have dual cavities for water collection, intercepting juice at multiple points. The water collection coverage is wide and the recycling rate is high. Straw material first enters the crushing chamber 201, where it undergoes primary coarse crushing and secondary fine crushing and shredding via two sets of crushing rollers 202 (wider at the front and narrower at the back). This process breaks down the straw fiber structure and causes a large amount of internal moisture to be released. The released juice penetrates the double-layer filter screen 204 in the chamber wall and flows into the outer wall cavity. After the material enters the path channel 205, the variable pitch auger 206 pushes the material while further squeezing and dehydrating it. The filter screen on the side wall of the channel simultaneously filters out the moisture. The two cavities are interconnected, and the juice is collected along the flow channel to the liquid collection chamber 501. The airflow from the negative pressure pipeline is connected to the top backflushing and unclogging device 207, which backflushes the filter screen surface, blows away the attached debris, and continuously ensures that the water filtration channel is unobstructed. The entire structure achieves simultaneous crushing and shredding, multi-stage pressing and draining, and filter screen self-cleaning. In this solution, the reverse blowing airflow can disturb the material inside the crushing chamber 201, preventing the material from compacting and clumping, making the coarse and fine crushing and the auger pressing water output more uniform, and improving the overall dehydration effect simultaneously. The airflow circulation can remove the local heat accumulation inside the crushing chamber 201, reduce the internal temperature of the chamber, and help reduce the problem of high temperature deterioration of straw. The clean return gas rushes into the crushing chamber 201, diluting the turbid moisture inside the chamber, reducing the water vapor adhering to the blades and chamber walls, and reducing the probability of component corrosion.

[0040] Example 3 like Figures 12 to 13 As shown, the carbonization chamber 401 is buried underground. The front end of the carbonization chamber 401 is provided with a soil-breaking and guiding blade 402. The outer periphery of the carbonization chamber 401 is provided with an elastic sealing skirt 403. During operation, the elastic sealing skirt 403 is tightly attached to the soil surface to form a seal. The sealing structure isolates external oxygen, ensures low-oxygen carbonization conditions, avoids open flame combustion, and eliminates illegal burning. The elastic skirt is suitable for undulating land, has a good sealing effect, effectively locks in the temperature inside the chamber, reduces heat loss, and has lower pyrolysis energy consumption. Underground operation isolates external wind, rain, and air temperature interference, and the chamber temperature is stable and controllable. In conjunction with the front-end hot air dehydration of materials, the carbonization waste heat is circulated to generate drying air, which feeds back to the pre-dehydration process, improves the material dehydration efficiency, and reduces additional energy consumption. The carbonization chamber 401 is completely submerged and buried in the surface soil. The soil-breaking guide blade 402 at the front end cuts and clears away the soil as the equipment moves. The elastic sealing skirt 403 on the outside of the chamber is tightly attached to the surface soil, forming a closed, low-oxygen working space. After the straw has undergone the fourth step of hot air drying and negative pressure dehumidification, its moisture content reaches the standard, and it is sent into the sealed carbonization chamber 401. The chamber isolates the outside air, maintaining a low-oxygen, constant-temperature environment to complete the low-temperature pyrolysis carbonization. At the same time, the high-temperature flue gas generated by carbonization is discharged to the waste heat exchanger 603, where it exchanges heat to generate 40-60℃ hot air, which flows back to the extrusion chamber 301 to continuously dry and dehumidify the material. The underground sealed carbonization and the front-end hot air dehydration form a heat circulation linkage.

[0041] Working principle: During the movement of the equipment, the front-end collection device 100 gathers the straw in the field, and the material is fed into the crushing chamber 201. Two sets of crushing rollers 202 with decreasing spacing sequentially complete the coarse crushing and fine crushing, breaking down the straw fiber structure and releasing internal moisture. The juice flows through the double-layer filter screen 204 on the side wall of the crushing chamber 201 and into the outer wall cavity. The material then enters the path channel 205, where the variable-pitch auger 206 further presses and dehydrates the material while simultaneously filtering water from the side wall filter screen. The water in the two connected cavities is then collected along the flow channel into the liquid collection chamber 501.

[0042] The material then enters the extrusion chamber 301, and is successively extruded by the front coarse pressure roller and the rear fine pressure roller. The juice enters the hollow roller cavity through the tapered filter holes 305 on the roller body, which are larger on the outside and smaller on the inside. The reverse spiral guide ribs in the cavity guide the juice to the end of the roller shaft, and then it is transported and collected to the liquid storage tank through the pipeline. The funnel-shaped liquid collection tank 309 at the bottom of the extrusion chamber 301 intercepts and collects the dripping juice. After filtering out impurities, it also flows into the liquid collection tank 501. The juice in the liquid storage tank can flow back to the inner cavity of the extrusion roller to achieve roller body circulation cooling.

[0043] The negative pressure generator 607 operates to generate negative pressure suction, drawing humid airflow from the negative pressure collection port 602 of the extrusion chamber 301. After preliminary filtration by the filter plate 609, the airflow enters the solid-liquid separation device 605 to intercept solid particles and the condensation device 606 to liquefy water vapor. The condensed water flows back to the liquid collection chamber 501. Part of the purified gas is discharged outward, and part is used as a backflushing air source to enter the crushing chamber 201 to backflush the filter screen and remove blockage debris.

[0044] The carbonization chamber 401 moves forward with the equipment, its front cutting edge penetrating below the ground surface. The outer elastic sealing skirt 403 adheres to the soil, forming a sealed, low-oxygen space. Dehydrated straw is then fed into the chamber for low-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization. The high-temperature flue gas generated during carbonization is introduced into the waste heat exchanger 603, where it exchanges heat with the outside natural cold air to generate constant-temperature hot air at 40-60℃. This hot air is then sent through the air guide 601 into the extrusion chamber 301, penetrating the material layer. Combined with negative pressure suction, deep drying and dehumidification are completed. After carbonization, the material is returned to the field as soil.

[0045] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic straw collection and underground incineration and field application equipment, characterized in that, It includes a collection device (100), a crushing device (200), a pressing device (300), a carbonization device (400), and a water collection device (500) connected in sequence. The water collection device (500) includes a liquid collection chamber (501) located at the bottom of the crushing device (200) and the squeezing device (300) to collect the liquid squeezed out by the crushing device (200) and the squeezing device (300); The extrusion device (300) includes an extrusion chamber (301), which is configured as a double-layer structure with an inner cavity (302). The inner cavity (302) is connected to the liquid collection chamber (501). At least two sets of hollow extrusion rollers (303) are provided in the extrusion chamber (301). A liquid storage chamber (304) is provided inside the hollow extrusion rollers (303). The roller surface of the hollow extrusion rollers (303) is provided with filter holes (305) that are connected to the liquid storage chamber (304). Both ends of the hollow extrusion rollers (303) are connected to liquid guide pipes (307) through rotary sealing joints (306). The liquid guide pipes (307) are connected to the liquid collection chamber (501). The rear section of the extrusion chamber (301) is also integrated with an auxiliary dehydration mechanism (600). The auxiliary dehydration mechanism (600) includes an air guide (601) arranged on the side wall of the extrusion chamber (301) and a negative pressure suction port (602) set at the top and rear end of the extrusion chamber (301). The warm air discharged from the air guide (601) penetrates the material layer inside the extrusion chamber (301) and carries away the surface free water vapor. The negative pressure suction port (602) quickly extracts the moisture and water vapor inside the extrusion chamber (301).

2. The automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collection device (100) includes a collection cover (101), and a pickup rotor (102), a transport roller (103) and a transport belt mechanism (110) are installed in sequence inside the collection cover (101) via bearings.

3. The automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The crushing device (200) includes a crushing chamber (201), which is fixedly connected to a collection cover (101). The crushing chamber (201) is equipped with two sets of crushing rollers (202). The distance between the set of crushing rollers (202) closer to the front collection device (100) is greater than the distance between the set of crushing rollers (202) behind, forming a primary coarse crushing blade group and a secondary fine crushing and shredding assembly. The outer wall of the crushing chamber (201) is set as a cavity structure (203) and is equipped with a double-layer filter screen (204). The double-layer filter screen (204) includes an outer coarse filter screen and an inner fine filter screen. The cavity structure (203) at the top of the crushing chamber (201) is equipped with a back-blowing and unblocking device (207). The air source end of the back-blowing and unblocking device (207) is connected to the pipeline of the negative pressure collection port (602).

4. The automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, A path channel (205) is provided between the crushing chamber (201) and the extrusion chamber (301). A variable pitch auger (206) is provided in the path channel (205). The side wall of the path channel (205) is also provided as a cavity structure (203) and is connected to the cavity structure (203) of the crushing chamber (201). A double-layer filter screen (204) is provided on the side wall of the path channel (205). The bottom of the cavity structure (203) of the path channel (205) is connected to the liquid collection chamber (501) through a flow channel.

5. The automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two sets of hollow extrusion rollers (303) include a front coarse pressure roller and a rear fine pressure roller. The filter holes (305) are tapered structures with larger outer diameters and smaller inner diameters. The liquid storage chamber (304) of the hollow extrusion roller (303) is provided with a spiral liquid guiding rib (308). The spiral direction of the spiral liquid guiding rib (308) is opposite to the rotation direction of the extrusion roller and is used to guide the juice to flow to the end of the roller shaft.

6. The automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the squeezing chamber (301) is set as a funnel-shaped liquid collection chamber (309) that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The bottom of the funnel-shaped liquid collection chamber (309) is equipped with an intercepting filter screen. The funnel-shaped liquid collection chamber (309) is connected to the liquid collection chamber (501) through a water pipe. The liquid collection chamber (501) is connected to the rotary sealing joint (306) through a pumping pipeline. It is used to transport the straw juice collected in the inner cavity of the hollow squeezing roller (303) into the liquid collection chamber (501).

7. An automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning-to-field device according to claim 6, characterized in that, A waste heat exchanger (603) is provided between the air duct (601) and the carbonization device (400). The carbonization device (400) includes a carbonization chamber (401). The hot flue gas inlet of the waste heat exchanger (603) is connected to the flue gas outlet of the carbonization chamber (401). The cold air inlet of the waste heat exchanger (603) is connected to the outside of the equipment. The hot air outlet of the waste heat exchanger (603) is connected to the air duct (601) through the air duct (604) to transfer the heat of the high-temperature flue gas generated by carbonization to the external natural wind, forming a wind of 40-60°C, which penetrates the material layer in the extrusion chamber (301).

8. The automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rear end of the negative pressure suction port (602) is connected in sequence to a solid-liquid separation device (605), a condenser (606), and a negative pressure generator (607). The solid-liquid separation device (605) is used to intercept solid particles in the suction airflow. The condenser (606) is used to condense the moisture in the airflow into liquid water. The liquid outlet of the condenser (606) is connected to the liquid collection chamber (501) through the return pipe (608). The gas outlet of the condenser (606) is connected to the negative pressure generator (607).

9. An automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, Both the air duct (601) and the negative pressure collection port (602) are equipped with filter plates (609).

10. An automatic straw collection and underground burning and returning equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, The carbonization chamber (401) is buried underground. The front end of the carbonization chamber (401) is provided with a soil-breaking and soil-guiding blade (402). The outer periphery of the carbonization chamber (401) is provided with an elastic sealing skirt (403). During operation, the elastic sealing skirt (403) is tightly attached to the soil surface to form a seal.

Images