Organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem cell

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of battery technology. The purpose of this invention is to provide an organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem battery, comprising a crystalline silicon battery structure, a perovskite battery structure, and an organic battery structure stacked sequentially. A first intermediate layer is disposed between the crystalline silicon battery structure and the perovskite battery structure, and a second intermediate layer is disposed between the perovskite battery structure and the organic battery structure. The first intermediate layer comprises lithium titanate; the second intermediate layer comprises molybdenum oxide and / or zinc oxide. This invention enhances the bonding between layers by using specific novel interface materials, effectively reducing interface defects and recombination centers, reducing current loss, improving interface stability, and optimizing structural compatibility. Ultimately, a complete and effective organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem battery is constructed, achieving excellent efficiency and lifetime performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of battery technology and relates to an organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem battery. Background Technology

[0002] Crystalline silicon solar cells are one of the most mature photovoltaic technologies currently on the market, mainly including two types: monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon. The working principle of crystalline silicon solar cells is based on the photoelectric effect of a pn junction. When photons irradiate the surface of silicon material, they excite electrons to jump from the valence band to the conduction band, generating electron-hole pairs, thus forming an electric current. Crystalline silicon solar cells have high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and due to their relatively mature technology and processes, large-scale production and cost control of crystalline silicon solar cells have reached a considerably high level. However, their manufacturing cost is high, and due to the narrow bandgap of silicon material, the energy absorption range of crystalline silicon solar cells is limited, especially in the short-wavelength spectral utilization efficiency, which is low, preventing further efficiency improvements.

[0003] Perovskite solar cells are a novel type of photovoltaic device based on perovskite structural materials. Perovskite materials possess excellent optical and electrical properties, enabling them to efficiently absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy. Perovskite materials can be prepared using solution methods or vapor deposition, which are simple and inexpensive, making them suitable for large-scale industrial production. Furthermore, perovskite solar cells can be fabricated into flexible devices, suitable for applications of various shapes and sizes, such as building-integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPV) and portable electronic products. These two advantages can compensate for the shortcomings of crystalline silicon solar cells. However, perovskite materials currently suffer from poor stability; they are easily degraded under environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, and light, leading to rapid performance degradation and affecting long-term reliability. Moreover, the large-scale production process for perovskite solar cells is not yet fully mature, and further research is needed, especially regarding maintaining high efficiency and stable performance.

[0004] Organic solar cells are photovoltaic devices based on organic semiconductor materials (such as polymers and small molecules). Similar to other perovskite solar cells, organic materials also offer good flexibility and processability, allowing them to be fabricated into thin-film cells using solution methods or printing techniques. However, compared to crystalline silicon and perovskite solar cells, organic solar cells have lower photoelectric conversion efficiency, reaching a maximum of approximately 18% under laboratory conditions, and even lower efficiency in practical applications.

[0005] To overcome the limitations of single-type photovoltaic cells, the development of tandem cells has become a current research hotspot. Tandem cells refer to photovoltaic cells made of two or more different materials connected in series or parallel to fully utilize different bands of the solar spectrum and improve the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, they face many challenges in practical applications. First, the spectral response ranges and electrical properties of different materials vary significantly, requiring careful design and optimization of the combination of materials in each layer to ensure optimal light absorption and current matching. Second, the interfacial contact and transition structure between the layers directly affect the overall performance of the cell. For example, interface defects and resistance losses can lead to energy loss and reduce cell efficiency.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cells to solve the above problems through innovative design and material selection, thereby providing a more efficient, stable and easy-to-fabricate solar tandem solar cell. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell, comprising a crystalline silicon solar cell structure, a perovskite solar cell structure, and an organic solar cell structure stacked sequentially; a first intermediate layer is disposed between the crystalline silicon solar cell structure and the perovskite solar cell structure, and a second intermediate layer is disposed between the perovskite solar cell structure and the organic solar cell structure; the first intermediate layer comprises lithium titanate; and the second intermediate layer comprises molybdenum oxide and / or zinc oxide. This invention enhances the bonding between layers by using specific novel interface materials, effectively reducing interface defects and recombination centers, reducing current loss, improving interface stability, and optimizing structural compatibility, ultimately enabling the construction of a complete and effective organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell, achieving excellent efficiency and lifetime performance.

[0008] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell, comprising a crystalline silicon solar cell structure, a perovskite solar cell structure, and an organic solar cell structure stacked sequentially; a first intermediate layer is disposed between the crystalline silicon solar cell structure and the perovskite solar cell structure, and a second intermediate layer is disposed between the perovskite solar cell structure and the organic solar cell structure; the first intermediate layer comprises lithium titanate; and the second intermediate layer comprises molybdenum oxide and / or zinc oxide.

[0010] In tandem structures, the interfacial stability between different cell structures is a critical issue. Due to differences in band structure and chemical properties between the two cells, defects and recombination centers at the interface can lead to reduced carrier efficiency and current leakage. Furthermore, different active materials (organic materials, perovskite materials, and crystalline silicon) differ in electron transport characteristics, chemical stability, and thermal stability, which can lead to increased electron-hole recombination and charge accumulation at the interface. Recombination of electrons and holes between different layers results in energy loss and decreased efficiency. The core of this invention mainly involves the selection and design of a novel interfacial layer (i.e., intermediate layer). This specific layer can significantly improve the interfacial stability, material compatibility, and current loss of organic / perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells, thereby obtaining a more efficient, stable, and easily fabricated solar tandem cell structure.

[0011] The following are preferred technical solutions of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the technical solutions provided by the present invention. The technical objectives and beneficial effects of the present invention can be better achieved and realized through the following technical solutions.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the first intermediate layer is 10 to 100 nm, such as 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, 55 nm, 60 nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80 nm, 85 nm, 90 nm, 95 nm or 100 nm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the second intermediate layer is 10 to 100 nm, such as 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, 55 nm, 60 nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80 nm, 85 nm, 90 nm, 95 nm or 100 nm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crystalline silicon cell structure includes a heterojunction cell.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the heterojunction solar cell includes a first electrode, a first charge transport layer, a crystalline silicon layer and a second charge transport layer stacked sequentially.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode includes a first metal electrode and a first transparent electrode stacked sequentially.

[0017] This invention does not specifically limit the material composition and thickness of each layer in the heterojunction battery, and these should be reasonably adjusted as needed.

[0018] Preferably, the first metal electrode is typically selected from a metal material that has high conductivity, low resistance, and is compatible with organic perovskite materials. Exemplarily, commonly used metal materials include:

[0019] Gold (Au): It has excellent electrical conductivity and chemical stability, making it suitable as an electrode material for organic perovskite batteries.

[0020] Silver (Ag): It has good electrical conductivity and low cost, but it is important to note that it may react with perovskite materials.

[0021] Aluminum (Al): Low cost, but easily oxidized, requiring a protective layer to be applied to the surface.

[0022] Copper (Cu): It has good electrical conductivity and low cost, but it is necessary to prevent chemical reactions with perovskite materials.

[0023] Preferably, the thickness of the first metal electrode is typically between 50 and 200 nm. An electrode that is too thin may lead to increased resistance, while an electrode that is too thick may increase light absorption loss. More preferably, it is between 80 and 150 nm.

[0024] Preferably, the first transparent electrode needs to have high light transmittance and high conductivity. For example, commonly used transparent conductive materials include:

[0025] Indium tin oxide (ITO): It has high light transmittance (>85%) and good conductivity, making it a commonly used transparent electrode material.

[0026] Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO): It has high chemical stability and conductivity, making it suitable for high-temperature processes.

[0027] Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO): low cost and environmentally friendly, but its conductivity is slightly lower than that of ITO.

[0028] Graphene or carbon nanotubes: novel transparent electrode materials with high light transmittance and flexibility, but complex preparation processes.

[0029] Preferably, the thickness of the first transparent electrode is typically between 50 and 300 nm. An electrode that is too thin may result in insufficient conductivity, while an electrode that is too thick will reduce light transmittance. More preferably, it is between 100 and 200 nm.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first charge transport layer includes a p-type doped silicon layer; the second charge transport layer includes an n-type doped silicon layer; and the crystalline silicon layer includes a first intrinsic silicon layer, an n-type silicon wafer, and a second intrinsic silicon layer stacked sequentially.

[0031] Preferably, the band gap of the n-type silicon wafer is 1.12 eV (at 300 K).

[0032] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the n-type silicon wafer is 100-200μm, such as 100μm, 110μm, 120μm, 130μm, 140μm, 150μm, 160μm, 170μm, 180μm, 190μm or 200μm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the perovskite solar cell structure includes a third charge transport layer, a perovskite layer and a fourth charge transport layer stacked sequentially.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the perovskite solar cell structure is an inverted structure; the third charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer is an electron transport layer.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the perovskite composition of the perovskite layer includes ABX3, wherein A includes Cs. + CH3NH3 + CH(NH2) 2+ At least one of them, B includes Pb 2+ and / or Sn 2+ X includes Cl - ,Br - Or I - At least one of them.

[0036] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the perovskite layer is 300-500 nm, such as 300 nm, 320 nm, 340 nm, 360 nm, 380 nm, 400 nm, 420 nm, 440 nm, 460 nm, 480 nm or 500 nm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic battery structure includes a fifth charge transport layer, an organic active layer, a sixth charge transport layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second electrode includes a second transparent electrode and a second metal electrode stacked sequentially.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fifth charge transport layer is a hole transport layer and the sixth charge transport layer is an electron transport layer.

[0040] The main function of the hole transport layer described in this invention is to efficiently extract and transport holes while blocking electrons. For example, commonly used hole transport materials include:

[0041] 1) Organic small molecule materials:

[0042] Spiro-OMeTAD: 2,2',7,7'-tetra[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirodifluorene is the most commonly used hole transport material in perovskite solar cells, exhibiting high hole mobility and good film-forming properties.

[0043] PTAA: Polytriarylamine, which has high hole mobility and good stability.

[0044] 2) Polymer materials:

[0045] PEDOT:PSS: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonic acid), with high conductivity and good light transmittance, is often used in flexible devices.

[0046] 3) Inorganic materials:

[0047] NiOx: Nickel oxide, with high hole mobility and good stability, is suitable for high-temperature processes.

[0048] CuI: Cuprous iodide, low cost and excellent hole transport performance.

[0049] Preferably, the thickness of the hole transport layer needs to balance charge transport efficiency and light absorption loss, typically between 10 and 100 nm, and more preferably between 20 and 50 nm.

[0050] Preferably, the main function of the electron transport layer of the present invention is to efficiently extract and transport electrons while blocking holes. Exemplarily, commonly used electron transport materials include:

[0051] 1) Metal oxides:

[0052] TiO2: Titanium dioxide, with high electron mobility and good stability, is the most commonly used electron transport material in perovskite solar cells.

[0053] SnO2: Tin oxide, which has high electron mobility and low preparation temperature.

[0054] ZnO: Zinc oxide has a high electron mobility, but attention should be paid to its interfacial reaction with perovskite materials.

[0055] 2) Organic materials:

[0056] PCBM: [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyrate methyl ester is a fullerene derivative with good electron transport properties and film-forming properties.

[0057] C60: Fullerene, which has excellent electron transport properties, but is expensive.

[0058] 3) Composite materials:

[0059] TiO2 / PCBM: Combining inorganic and organic materials to improve electron transport performance and interface compatibility.

[0060] Preferably, the thickness of the electron transport layer needs to ensure sufficient electron transport capacity while minimizing light absorption loss, typically between 10 and 100 nm. More preferably, it is between 20 and 50 nm.

[0061] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the organic active layer is 50-100nm, such as 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, 80nm, 85nm, 90nm, 95nm or 100nm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the band gap of the organic active layer is 1.6 to 1.8 eV.

[0063] In this invention, the band gap of the organic active layer is controlled to effectively absorb short-wavelength light (such as blue and green light) while allowing long-wavelength light (such as red and infrared light) to pass through and be absorbed by the underlying crystalline silicon solar cell, thereby achieving spectral segmentation and efficient photoelectric conversion.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic active layer comprises at least one of PCE-10, O6T-4F or PC70BM.

[0065] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem battery is a four-terminal battery. In the four-terminal battery, the crystalline silicon battery structure, the perovskite battery structure and the organic battery structure are all connected in series, or the perovskite battery structure and the organic battery structure are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the crystalline silicon battery structure.

[0066] Compared with existing technical solutions, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0067] This invention provides a novel interfacial layer by establishing a first interfacial layer between a crystalline silicon solar cell structure and a perovskite solar cell structure, and a second interfacial layer between the perovskite solar cell structure and the organic solar cell structure. The first interfacial layer comprises lithium titanate, and the second interfacial layer comprises molybdenum oxide and / or zinc oxide. By utilizing this novel interfacial layer selection and design, the interfacial stability, material compatibility, and current loss of organic / perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells can be significantly improved, resulting in a more efficient, stable, and easily fabricated solar tandem cell structure. Attached Figure Description

[0068] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell of Example 1.

[0069] In the diagram: 100 - Crystalline silicon cell structure, 110 - First electrode, 120 - First charge transport layer, 130 - Crystalline silicon layer, 140 - Second charge transport layer, 200 - First intermediate layer, 310 - Third charge transport layer, 320 - Perovskite layer, 330 - Fourth charge transport layer, 400 - Second intermediate layer, 510 - Fifth charge transport layer, 520 - Organic active layer, 530 - Sixth charge transport layer, 540 - Second electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments.

[0071] Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments described are merely illustrative of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] This embodiment provides an organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell, such as Figure 1 As shown, the organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell includes a crystalline silicon solar cell structure, a perovskite solar cell structure, and an organic solar cell structure stacked sequentially. A first intermediate layer is disposed between the crystalline silicon solar cell structure and the perovskite solar cell structure, and a second intermediate layer is disposed between the perovskite solar cell structure and the organic solar cell structure. The first intermediate layer comprises lithium titanate; the second intermediate layer comprises molybdenum oxide (MoO). x .

[0074] The thickness of the first intermediate layer is 20 nm, and the thickness of the second intermediate layer is 30 nm.

[0075] The heterojunction solar cell includes a first electrode, a first charge transport layer, a crystalline silicon layer, and a second charge transport layer stacked sequentially; the first electrode includes a first metal electrode and a first transparent electrode stacked sequentially; the first charge transport layer is a p-type doped silicon layer; the second charge transport layer is an n-type doped silicon layer; the crystalline silicon layer includes a first intrinsic silicon layer, an n-type silicon wafer, and a second intrinsic silicon layer stacked sequentially.

[0076] The n-type silicon wafer has a band gap of 1.12 eV and a thickness of 120 μm.

[0077] The perovskite solar cell structure includes a third charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a fourth charge transport layer stacked sequentially; the perovskite solar cell structure is an inverted structure; the third charge transport layer is a first hole transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer is a first electron transport layer.

[0078] The perovskite composition of the perovskite layer includes ABX3, and the thickness of the perovskite layer is 400 nm.

[0079] The organic battery structure includes a fifth charge transport layer, an organic active layer, a sixth charge transport layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially; the second electrode includes a second transparent electrode and a second metal electrode stacked sequentially; the fifth charge transport layer is a second hole transport layer, and the sixth charge transport layer is a second electron transport layer.

[0080] The thickness of the organic active layer is 75 nm; the band gap of the organic active layer is 1.7 eV; the composition of the organic active layer includes PCE-10, O6T-4F and PC70BM.

[0081] As can be seen from the above, the organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell comprises, in sequence, a first metal electrode, a first transparent electrode, a p-type doped silicon layer, a first intrinsic silicon layer, an n-type silicon wafer and a second intrinsic silicon layer, an n-type doped silicon layer, a first intermediate layer, a first hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, a first electron transport layer, a second intermediate layer, a second hole transport layer, an organic active layer, a second electron transport layer, a second transparent electrode, and a second metal electrode.

[0082] The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell is a four-terminal cell. In the four-terminal cell, the crystalline silicon cell structure, the perovskite cell structure, and the organic cell structure are all connected in series, or the perovskite cell structure and the organic cell structure are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the crystalline silicon cell structure.

[0083] In the resulting organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell, the organic cell structure can capture photons of ultraviolet and short-wavelength visible light, the perovskite cell structure can effectively absorb the spectral range from visible light to near-infrared, and the crystalline silicon cell structure can effectively capture long-wavelength infrared light. The combination of these three parts helps to improve the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0084] The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell described in this embodiment is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0085] The tandem batteries obtained in the examples and comparative examples were tested:

[0086] 1) Current-voltage characteristic test (IV test):

[0087] Test equipment: Solar simulator (Class AAA), digital source meter (e.g., Keithley 2400). Test conditions: Light source using AM1.5G spectrum, light intensity 100mW / cm². 2 (1 solar intensity). Temperature: 25℃ (controlled by a temperature control station). Scan range: -0.2V to 1.2V, scan step size 0.01V. Tests open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE).

[0088] 2. External quantum efficiency test (EQE test):

[0089] Test Equipment: External quantum efficiency testing system (e.g., Enli Technology EQE system). Test Conditions: Light Source: Monochromatic light (wavelength range 300-1200nm). Light Intensity: Low light intensity (to avoid nonlinear effects). Temperature: 25℃. Test External Quantum Efficiency (EQE): Photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the battery at different wavelengths, and integrated current density (Jsc, EQE), calculate EQE.

[0090] 3. Stability Test:

[0091] Test equipment: Constant temperature and humidity chamber, solar simulator. Test conditions: Temperature: 85℃; Humidity: 85% RH; Light intensity: AM1.5G spectrum, 100mW / cm². 2 Test efficiency degradation rate: The change in battery efficiency over time under aging conditions. T80 represents the time (in hours) required for the battery efficiency to drop to 80% of its initial value.

[0092] In addition to Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are also provided, which are adjusted based on Example 1. The specific differences from Example 1 are shown in Table 1. The test results are also listed in Table 1.

[0093] Table 1

[0094]

[0095] As can be seen from Table 1:

[0096] The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell in Example 1 employs a four-terminal structure, with the top perovskite cell and the bottom crystalline silicon cell operating independently, avoiding current matching issues and thus improving the overall open-circuit voltage compared to Comparative Example 1. This is because the four-terminal structure in Example 1 allows the two sub-cells to operate independently at their maximum power point, reducing voltage loss and significantly improving the cell's open-circuit voltage. Comparative Example 3 uses a low-doped silicon wafer. The low doping concentration increases the series resistance, leading to increased carrier recombination and a decrease in open-circuit voltage. Example 2 improves the open-circuit voltage by optimizing the silicon wafer doping concentration (1×10⁻⁶). 18 cm - 3) It reduces carrier recombination and increases Voc.

[0097] As can be seen from the above, the organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell of this invention achieves a four-terminal structure, significantly improving Voc, FF, and stability, which is the core innovation of this invention. Through spectral segmentation design, it maximizes the utilization of the solar spectrum, improving Jsc and PCE. By setting an optical coupling layer (intermediate layer), it reduces light reflection loss, further improving Jsc and PCE. By optimizing the doping concentration, it reduces carrier recombination and series resistance, improving Voc, FF, and stability.

[0098] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0099] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0100] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell, characterized in that, The battery comprises a crystalline silicon battery structure, a perovskite battery structure, and an organic battery structure stacked sequentially. A first intermediate layer is disposed between the crystalline silicon battery structure and the perovskite battery structure, and a second intermediate layer is disposed between the perovskite battery structure and the organic battery structure. The first intermediate layer comprises lithium titanate, and the second intermediate layer comprises molybdenum oxide and / or zinc oxide.

2. The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the first intermediate layer is 10–100 nm.

3. The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the second intermediate layer is 10–100 nm.

4. The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The crystalline silicon cell structure includes a heterojunction cell. Preferably, the heterojunction solar cell includes a first electrode, a first charge transport layer, a crystalline silicon layer, and a second charge transport layer stacked sequentially. Preferably, the first electrode comprises a first metal electrode and a first transparent electrode stacked sequentially.

5. The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first charge transport layer includes a p-type doped silicon layer; the second charge transport layer includes an n-type doped silicon layer; the crystalline silicon layer includes a first intrinsic silicon layer, an n-type silicon wafer, and a second intrinsic silicon layer stacked sequentially. Preferably, the thickness of the n-type silicon wafer is 100–200 μm.

6. The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell structure includes a third charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a fourth charge transport layer stacked sequentially. Preferably, the perovskite solar cell structure is an inverted structure; the third charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer is an electron transport layer.

7. The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The perovskite composition of the perovskite layer includes ABX3, where A includes Cs. + CH3NH3 + CH(NH2) 2+ At least one of them, B includes Pb 2+ and / or Sn 2+ X includes Cl - ,Br - or I - At least one of them; Preferably, the thickness of the perovskite layer is 300–500 nm.

8. The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The organic battery structure includes a fifth charge transport layer, an organic active layer, a sixth charge transport layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially. Preferably, the second electrode comprises a second transparent electrode and a second metal electrode stacked sequentially; Preferably, the fifth charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, and the sixth charge transport layer is an electron transport layer.

9. The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, The thickness of the organic active layer is 50–100 nm; Preferably, the band gap of the organic active layer is 1.6–1.8 eV; Preferably, the organic active layer comprises at least one of PCE-10, O6T-4F, or PC70BM.

10. The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The organic / perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell is a four-terminal cell. In the four-terminal cell, the crystalline silicon cell structure, the perovskite cell structure, and the organic cell structure are all connected in series, or the perovskite cell structure and the organic cell structure are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the crystalline silicon cell structure.

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