A pachyman bag material cultivation medium, cultivation method and application

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of poria cocos bag material cultivation medium, cultivation method and application, by following component composition: pine sawdust 60-70%, wheat 5-10%, corn flour 10-15%, bran 2-8%, soybean flour 5-10%, poria cocos skin 2-6%, pine tar 0.5-2%.The application scientifically matches each matrix component, processes by-product poria cocos skin and natural pine tar as functional adjuvant, and multiple synergistic effects such as significant inhibition of cultivation medium miscellaneous bacteria, shortening of the start-up period of the poria cocos, significant improvement of the accumulation of active ingredients of poria cocos, etc., are realized simultaneously.The application recycles poria cocos skin resources to cultivation medium, effectively solves the problem of industrial waste, realizes resource recycling, reduces the cost of cultivation raw materials, and synchronously improves the yield and quality of poria cocos, which is suitable for large-scale high-quality poria cocos cultivation and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of edible and medicinal fungi cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a culture medium, cultivation method and application of Poria cocos bag cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf is the dried sclerotium of a fungus belonging to the Polyporaceae family. It is a traditional and widely used edible and medicinal fungus in my country, possessing diuretic, spleen-strengthening, and mind-calming effects, and is in huge market demand. Currently, the artificial cultivation of Poria cocos is mainly divided into two categories: log cultivation and bag cultivation. Traditional log cultivation relies on a large amount of pine wood resources, consuming approximately 20 cubic meters of pine wood for every ton of dried Poria cocos produced, which severely damages forest vegetation, and many regions have introduced restrictive policies. Bag cultivation uses sawdust and agricultural by-products as the main substrate, which can reduce pine wood consumption, but generally suffers from problems such as high contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria, slow initiation of sclerotium formation, low biological efficiency, and insufficient accumulation of medicinal components.

[0003] Compared to log cultivation, bag cultivation uses sawdust and various agricultural by-products as the main substrate, which can significantly reduce the consumption of pine wood resources and is the mainstream direction for the green transformation of the Poria cocos industry. However, existing conventional bag cultivation techniques generally suffer from defects such as high substrate contamination rate, slow initiation of mycelial formation, low efficiency of sclerotium biological transformation, and insufficient accumulation of medicinal components, which seriously restrict the improvement of yield and quality of bag-cultivated Poria cocos.

[0004] The main improvement techniques for Poria cocos bag cultivation at present are: (1) Substrate material replacement improvement: replacing pine wood with sawdust, corn cob, straw, agricultural and forestry by-products, etc. This improvement only alleviates the shortage of pine wood resources and cannot solve the core problems of contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, delayed formation of Poria cocos, and insufficient efficacy; (2) Chemical and inorganic antibacterial improvement: achieving antibacterial and impurity control effects by adding salt, inorganic salt and chemical antifungal agents. This method has the risk of pesticide residues and heavy metal contamination in medicinal materials; (3) Exogenous nutrition and hormone regulation improvement: supplementing the culture medium with nutrients such as amino acids and potassium fertilizer, and adding plant growth regulators to promote mycelial growth. This method only acts on the mycelial vegetative growth stage. Although it can slightly increase the yield, it has no significant effect on inducing formation of Poria cocos and enriching medicinal components. The above improvement techniques are relatively simple and have limited dimensions of improvement, resulting in limited effects on increasing yield and improving quality.

[0005] Poria peel is a major byproduct generated during the processing of fresh Poria cocos, accounting for 15% to 20% of its weight. Currently, it is mostly discarded or used for low-value purposes. Poria peel is rich in triterpenoid active substances such as pachymic acid and dehydrodentinoic acid, which have natural antibacterial activity. However, current research on Poria peel at home and abroad mainly focuses on basic research areas such as the extraction and purification of active ingredients and in vitro antibacterial tests. No research has yet found that Poria peel can be recycled and reused in Poria cocos bag cultivation systems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a culture medium, cultivation method and application for Poria cocos bag cultivation. This invention uses Poria cocos peel and pine resin as functional adjuvants of the culture medium. Through the synergistic effect of the two, on the one hand, it significantly reduces the contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria during the cultivation process, and on the other hand, it induces Poria cocos to form clotting material in advance and promotes the accumulation of medicinal components, thereby effectively improving the yield and quality of Poria cocos.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented through the following methods:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a culture medium for Poria cocos cultivation in bags, which, by weight percentage, consists of the following components: 60-70% pine sawdust, 5-10% wheat grains, 8-15% corn flour, 2-8% wheat bran, 5-10% soybean flour, 1.5-6% Poria cocos peel, and 0.5-2% pine resin.

[0009] The Poria cocos bag cultivation medium constructed in this invention uses pine sawdust as the main skeletal matrix to provide support for the growth of Poria cocos mycelia and the development of sclerotia, simulating the woody growth environment of traditional log cultivation and ensuring normal nutrient metabolism of the mycelia. Wheat grains, corn flour, and soybean flour are used as the basic nutrient matrix to provide easily absorbed carbohydrates, plant proteins, and trace elements for the rapid growth of Poria cocos mycelia, quickly activating mycelial activity and shortening the mycelial growth cycle. Wheat bran, as an auxiliary material, optimizes the looseness of the matrix, adjusts the carbon-nitrogen ratio, avoids matrix compaction and oxygen deficiency, and creates an excellent microenvironment for continuous mycelial growth. This invention innovatively combines Poria cocos peel (a byproduct of Poria cocos processing) with natural pine resin as a functional adjuvant. The synergistic effect of these two ingredients simultaneously achieves multiple synergistic effects, including significantly inhibiting miscellaneous bacteria in the cultivation matrix, shortening the initiation cycle of sclerotia formation, and significantly increasing the accumulation of active ingredients in Poria cocos.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Poria cocos bag cultivation culture medium has the following composition: 63-67% pine sawdust, 6-8% wheat grains, 10-12% corn flour, 4-6% wheat bran, 6-8% soybean flour, 2-4% Poria cocos peel, and 1-1.5% pine resin.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Poria cocos bag cultivation culture medium has the following composition: 64% pine sawdust, 8% wheat grains, 11% corn flour, 5% wheat bran, 8% soybean flour, 3% Poria cocos peel, and 1% pine resin.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Poria cocos peel is obtained by drying and pulverizing the outer skin produced during the processing of Poria cocos, and then sieving it through a 20-60 mesh sieve to obtain Poria cocos peel powder. The Poria cocos peel of the present invention is rich in triterpenoid active substances such as pachymic acid and dehydrodentinoic acid, and possesses natural antibacterial activity. The present invention reuses the waste Poria cocos peel from processing in the cultivation substrate, which reduces solid waste emissions and lowers raw material costs, achieving high-value resource utilization of Poria cocos peel by-products.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pine resin is a fine powder obtained by pulverizing natural pine resin from Masson pine or red pine through a 20-60 mesh sieve. This type of natural resin contains resin acids such as rosin acid and piratic acid, which are not only broad-spectrum antibacterial substances that can synergistically enhance the control of matrix bacteria with Poria cocos peel, but also natural signaling molecules that regulate the growth and transformation of Poria cocos and promote its transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for cultivating Poria cocos using the above-mentioned Poria cocos bag cultivation culture medium, comprising the following steps:

[0015] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Pine sawdust is exposed to the open air for 3-4 days; corn kernels are soaked in water for 10-12 hours and drained of surface moisture for later use; corn kernels, soybeans, poria peel and pine resin are crushed and passed through a 20-60 mesh sieve and sealed and stored away from light.

[0016] (2) Mixing and bagging: Mix the pretreated pine sawdust, wheat grains, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean flour, Poria cocos peel and pine resin according to the ratio. Add water in batches to adjust the moisture content of the material to 58%~62% to obtain the Poria cocos bag cultivation medium. When bagging, first put some Poria cocos bag cultivation medium at the bottom of the bag, put the pine sawdust in vertically, and then fill it tightly with the remaining Poria cocos bag cultivation medium. Seal and tie the opening to obtain the bag.

[0017] (3) Sterilization: Sterilize the bags with normal pressure steam, raise the temperature to 100℃ and maintain the temperature for 10-12 hours;

[0018] (4) Inoculation and mycelial growth: Inoculate the original Poria cocos seed into the bags under sterile conditions; after inoculation, incubate the bags at 25-30℃ in the dark, turn the bags over once a week, and incubate for 40-50 days until the mycelium has fully grown into the bags;

[0019] (5) Soil covering cultivation: Place the bag with the opening facing down into the cellar, inoculate the young Poria cocos sclerotia at the corresponding position on the pine wood, and finally cover with sand to grow and form Poria cocos.

[0020] Thirdly, the present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned Poria cocos bag cultivation culture medium in improving the quality of Poria cocos, the application including promoting the accumulation of active ingredients in Poria cocos, reducing the contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria in bag cultivation, and shortening the time for Poria cocos formation initiation.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] This invention scientifically combines various matrix components, using Poria cocos processing byproducts, Poria cocos peel, and natural pine resin as functional adjuvants, to provide a synergistic and effective culture medium for Poria cocos bag cultivation. Both pine resin and Poria cocos peel contain natural antibacterial active ingredients. Their combination exhibits a synergistic antibacterial effect against major competing fungi of Poria cocos, such as Trichoderma viride, Penicillium, and Rhizopus, eliminating the need for chemical antibacterial agents and effectively avoiding the risks of pesticide and heavy metal residues, thus significantly improving cultivation survival rates. Furthermore, the natural terpenoid signaling molecules in pine resin can synergistically induce agaric formation with the triterpenoid active substances in Poria cocos peel, effectively accelerating mycelial growth, shortening the agaric formation initiation cycle, and improving cultivation turnover efficiency and biological conversion rate. Simultaneously, this compound system can effectively activate the secondary metabolic pathways of Poria cocos, significantly promoting the enrichment of core medicinal components such as Poria cocos polysaccharides and pachymic acid, resulting in finished Poria cocos of significantly higher quality than traditional log cultivation and conventional bag cultivation. This invention recycles Poria cocos peel as a cultivation substrate, effectively solving the problem of industrial solid waste waste, achieving resource recycling, reducing cultivation raw material costs, and simultaneously improving Poria cocos yield and medicinal quality, making it suitable for large-scale, high-quality Poria cocos cultivation and promotion. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1:

[0025] Culture medium formula (by weight): pine sawdust 64%, wheat grains 8%, corn flour 11%, wheat bran 5%, soybean flour 8%, poria cocos peel 3%, pine resin 1%.

[0026] Cultivation methods:

[0027] (1) Pretreatment: Pine sawdust was sun-dried for 4 days; corn kernels were soaked in water for 12 hours and drained; corn kernels, soybeans, Poria cocos peel and pine resin were pulverized and passed through a 40-mesh sieve and dried at 105℃ to constant weight.

[0028] (2) Mixing and bagging: Mix the pretreated pine sawdust, wheat grains, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean flour, Poria cocos peel and pine resin according to the ratio. Add water in batches to adjust the moisture content to 60% to obtain the Poria cocos bag cultivation medium. When bagging, first put some Poria cocos bag cultivation medium at the bottom of the bag, put one pine wood rod vertically, and then fill it tightly with the remaining Poria cocos bag cultivation medium. Seal and tie the opening to obtain the bag. Each bag has a wet weight of 3.3 kg.

[0029] (3) Sterilization: Sterilize the mushroom bags with normal pressure steam, heat to 100℃ for 12 hours, and then let them cool naturally to room temperature;

[0030] (4) Inoculation and mycelial growth: Under aseptic conditions, inoculate with the original strain of Poria cocos 5.78 (purchased from the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), and culture at 25°C in the dark. Turn the bag over once a week and culture for 40 days until the mycelium fills the bag. When the mycelium is white and dense and the bag becomes hard, the mycelium is considered mature.

[0031] (5) Soil covering cultivation: Select a well-drained plot of land, dig a cultivation cellar 40cm wide, 40cm deep and 25° slope, place the mature mushroom bags with the opening facing down in the cellar, place 3 bags in each cellar, inoculate 40g of fresh Poria cocos sclerotia at the corresponding position on the pine wood, and then cover with 5cm of sand; during the cultivation period, do a good job of drainage and moisture management, and harvest after 120 days when the sclerotia mature.

[0032] Example 2: Effects of different amounts of pine resin added to the culture medium on the growth and quality of Poria cocos

[0033] This embodiment investigates the effects of pine resin addition ratio on the survival rate, biological efficiency, initiation time of Poria cocos formation, and accumulation of medicinal components, and screens the optimal pine resin addition amount. The experiment fixed the Poria cocos peel addition amount at 3%, with other basic components the same as in Example 1. Five pine resin addition gradients were set, and the total mass was balanced by adjusting the proportion of pine sawdust. Each group used 90 spawn bags and 30 cellars, with other cultivation operations the same as in Example 1. The experimental results were taken as the average value of each group.

[0034] Survival rate is a crucial indicator of the success of Poria cocos cultivation. Average biological efficiency (EBE) expresses Poria cocos' ability to transform and utilize the culture medium, serving as a standard for measuring "input-output." Higher EBE generally corresponds to higher Poria cocos yield. The polysaccharide content of Poria cocos was determined using the phenol-sulfuric acid method, and the pachymic acid content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Simultaneously, the survival rate and average biological efficiency of each component were statistically analyzed (average biological efficiency = fresh weight of harvested sclerotia / total dry weight of culture medium × 100%), and the initiation time of Poria cocos formation was recorded. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1. Effects of different amounts of pine resin on the quality of Poria cocos.

[0036]

[0037] As shown in Table 1, all indicators increased with the increase of pine resin content. When the pine resin content reached 1.0%, the survival rate, biological efficiency, and the contents of Poria cocos polysaccharides and pachymic acid all reached their peaks. When the content exceeded 1.0%, all indicators decreased. This may be because the resin acids in pine resin, as natural Poria cocos formation signaling molecules, can most effectively induce Poria cocos to shift from vegetative growth to reproductive growth at a concentration of 1.0%, promoting the synthesis and accumulation of medicinal components. If the pine resin content is too high, excessive signaling molecules will interfere with the normal metabolic pathways of Poria cocos, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of medicinal components. Therefore, the optimal pine resin content is 1%.

[0038] Example 3: Effect of different amounts of Poria cocos peel added to the culture medium on the quality of Poria cocos

[0039] This embodiment investigates the effects of the proportion of Poria cocos peel added on the survival rate, biological efficiency, initiation time of Poria cocos formation, and accumulation of medicinal components, and screens the optimal amount of Poria cocos peel added. The pine resin addition was fixed at 1.0%, with the remaining basic components the same as in Example 1. Five gradients of Poria cocos peel addition were set, and the total mass was balanced by adjusting the proportion of pine sawdust. Each group used 90 mushroom bags and 30 cellars, with the remaining cultivation operations the same as in Example 1. The experimental results were taken as the average of each group.

[0040] The polysaccharide content of Poria cocos was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method, and the pachymic acid content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The viability and average biological efficiency of each component were also statistically analyzed (average biological efficiency = fresh weight of harvested sclerotia / total dry weight of culture medium × 100%), and the initiation time of sclerotia formation was recorded. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0041] Table 2. Effects of different amounts of Poria cocos peel added on the quality of Poria cocos.

[0042]

[0043] As shown in Table 2, within the range of 0% to 3% added Poria cocos peel, the cultivation survival rate, biological efficiency, and the contents of Poria cocos polysaccharides and pachymic acid continuously increased with the increase of the added proportion of Poria cocos peel, with all indicators reaching their peak at a content of 3%. When the added amount exceeded 3.0%, all indicators showed a downward trend. This may be because when the added amount of Poria cocos peel is below 3%, the natural triterpenoid active substances contained in Poria cocos peel can supplement the micronutrients of the substrate and synergistically regulate the growth of Poria cocos mycelium and the development and metabolism of sclerotia. Increasing the added amount can continuously enhance the antibacterial effect, accelerate the process of forming Poria cocos, and promote the accumulation of medicinal substances. However, when the added proportion of Poria cocos peel is too high, the overload of triterpenoid active components in the system will interfere with the normal metabolic pathways of Poria cocos, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of medicinal components. Therefore, the preferred added amount of Poria cocos peel is 3%.

[0044] Example 4: Verification of the synergistic effect of pine resin and poria cocos peel compound

[0045] To verify whether there is a significant synergistic effect between pine resin and Poria cocos peel, and to determine the optimal combination of the two, this embodiment employs a two-factor, three-level complete factorial experimental design for comparative verification. The experiment fixed the basic component proportions of 8% wheat grains, 11% corn flour, 5% wheat bran, and 8% soybean flour, balancing the total mass by adjusting the proportion of pine sawdust. Three levels were set for pine resin (factor A): 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0%; and three levels were set for Poria cocos peel (factor B): 0%, 1.5%, and 3.0%, resulting in a total of nine treatment groups. Ninety mushroom bags were prepared for each group, with three bags combined into one pit, for a total of 30 pits. The experimental data were taken as the average value of each group.

[0046] The polysaccharide content of Poria cocos was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method; the pachymic acid content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography; the viability and average biological efficiency of each component were statistically analyzed (average biological efficiency = fresh weight of harvested sclerotia / total dry weight of culture medium × 100%), and the initiation time of sclerotia formation was recorded. The results of the core indicators are shown in Table 3.

[0047] Table 3. Results of the synergistic effect of pine resin and poria cocos peel compound.

[0048]

[0049] The results in the table above indicate that while adding either pine resin or Poria cocos peel alone can improve cultivation results to some extent, the improvement is limited. However, the combination of pine resin and Poria cocos peel exhibits a synergistic effect, significantly improving survival rate and biological efficiency, drastically shortening the time to agar formation, effectively activating Poria cocos' secondary metabolic pathways, and increasing the accumulation of active ingredients. Among these, the combination of 1.0% pine resin and 3.0% Poria cocos peel showed the best overall performance, achieving a 100% survival rate, shortening the agar formation initiation time to 16 days, and achieving a pachymic acid content of over 0.4%.

[0050] After the experiment, two-way ANOVA was used to statistically test the main effects and interaction effects of pine resin and Poria cocos peel, and to quantify the synergistic mechanism between the two. The results are shown in Table 4 below:

[0051] Table 4 Results of Two-Way ANOVA

[0052]

[0053] The main effect analysis results showed that when pine resin and Poria cocos peel were used alone, their main effects on survival rate, biological efficiency, pachymic acid content, and Poria cocos polysaccharide content were all statistically significant (P<0.05), confirming that both alone could improve cultivation effect and medicinal quality to varying degrees.

[0054] Interaction effect analysis showed that the interaction between pine resin and Poria cocos peel significantly affected biological efficiency (F=7.61, P=0.009), pachymic acid content (F=5.23, P=0.028), survival rate (F=4.87, P=0.035), and Poria cocos polysaccharide (F=5.91, P=0.02), proving that the effects of the two were not simply additive, but rather synergistic. Furthermore, regarding cycle regulation, the reduction in the initiation time of agar formation in the compound group exceeded the sum of the reductions in the single groups, demonstrating a synergistic accelerating effect of both in "promoting mycelial growth + inducing agar formation," effectively shortening the cultivation cycle.

[0055] Example 5: Antibacterial activity experiment

[0056] 1. Experimental Materials

[0057] Tested bacterial strains: Trichoderma viride, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Mucor;

[0058] Pine resin solution: Accurately weigh the pine resin powder of Masson pine, dissolve it in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a stock solution of 100 mg / mL, filter it through a 0.22 μm filter membrane for sterilization, and store it at 4℃ in the dark.

[0059] Poria peel solution: Accurately weigh Poria peel powder, dissolve it in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a 100 mg / mL stock solution, filter it through a 0.22 μm filter membrane for sterilization, and store it at 4°C in the dark.

[0060] PDA medium: 1L of medium contains 6g potato extract powder, 20g glucose, 20g agar, pH 5.6±0.2; sterilization conditions are 121℃ for 20min.

[0061] 2. Experimental Methods:

[0062] The single-agent inhibition rate was determined using the mycelial growth rate method. Prepared PDA medium was sterilized at 121℃ for 20 minutes, cooled to approximately 60℃, and then mixed with 0.5 mg / mL, 1.0 mg / mL, and 2.0 mg / mL solutions of Poria cocos peel or pine resin. The mixture was poured into 52 mm Petri dishes, with 10 mL of medium added to each dish. The dishes were then cooled until the medium was stable and solid. Holes were punched in the center of the medium using a 5 mm punch, and holes were punched at the edges of vigorous test strains using the same punch. The resulting mycelial cakes were placed in medium containing Poria cocos peel or pine resin solutions. The Petri dishes were incubated at 25±1℃ for 3–7 days, with an anhydrous ethanol at the same concentration serving as a negative control.

[0063] The checkerboard dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colophony, Poria cocos peel, and the combination of the two against four kinds of contaminating fungi. When determining the MIC of single agents, concentration gradients of 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0 mg / mL were set for colophony solution and Poria cocos peel solution respectively, drug-containing PDA plates were prepared by the same method, and after inoculating the fungal cake, the plates were cultured at a constant temperature of 25°C for 7 days. The minimum drug concentration at which no mycelial growth was observed by naked eyes was recorded as the MIC of the single agent. When determining the MIC of the combination, 6 concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mg / mL were set for colophony solution and Poria cocos peel solution respectively, drug-containing media with a series of concentration ratios were prepared by row-column crossing combination, and after inoculation and culture, the minimum concentration combination with no mycelial growth was recorded as the MIC of the combination. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was calculated;

[0064] Formula: FICI= ;

[0065] Wherein, MIC (colophony alone): the minimum inhibitory concentration when colophony acts alone;

[0066] MIC (Poria cocos peel alone): the minimum inhibitory concentration when Poria cocos peel acts alone;

[0067] MIC (colophony in combination): the concentration of colophony required to achieve complete inhibition in the combination system of colophony and Poria cocos peel;

[0068] MIC (Poria cocos peel in combination): the concentration of Poria cocos peel required to achieve complete inhibition in the combination system of colophony and Poria cocos peel.

[0069] Judgment criteria: FICI ≤ 0.7 indicates synergistic effect, 0.7 < FICI ≤ 1 indicates additive effect, 1 < FICI ≤ 2 indicates irrelevant effect, and FICI > 2 indicates antagonistic effect.

[0070] 3. Experimental results:

[0071] (1) Antibacterial effect of single agents: at the concentration of 2.0 mg / mL, the inhibition rates of colophony solution against Trichoderma viride, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Mucor are 29.4%, 24.8%, 20.5% and 19.6% respectively; the inhibition rates of Poria cocos peel solution are 24.7%, 20.2%, 16.7% and 15.4% respectively, and all show dose dependence.

[0072] (2) The synergistic antibacterial results of the combination are shown in Table 5:

[0073] Table 5 Synergistic antibacterial results of the combination

[0074]

[0075] The above results indicate that pine resin and Poria cocos peel have a strong inhibitory effect on the most common competitive bacteria in Poria cocos cultivation, such as Trichoderma, Penicillium, Mucor, and Rhizopus. Furthermore, the combination of pine resin and Poria cocos peel has a clear synergistic inhibitory effect on the main contaminating bacteria in Poria cocos cultivation.

Claims

1. A culture medium for Poria cocos cultivation in bags, characterized in that, By weight percentage, it consists of the following components: 60-70% pine sawdust, 5-10% wheat grains, 8-15% corn flour, 2-8% wheat bran, 5-10% soybean flour, 1.5-6% poria cocos peel, and 0.5-2% pine resin.

2. The culture medium for Poria cocos bag cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition of each component is as follows: pine sawdust 63-67%, wheat grains 6-8%, corn flour 10-12%, wheat bran 4-6%, soybean flour 6-8%, poria cocos peel 2-4%, and pine resin 1-1.5%.

3. The culture medium for Poria cocos bag cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The composition of each component is as follows: 64% pine sawdust, 8% wheat grains, 11% corn flour, 5% wheat bran, 8% soybean flour, 3% poria cocos peel, and 1% pine resin.

4. The culture medium for Poria cocos bag cultivation according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The Poria peel is the outer skin of Poria produced during processing, which is dried, pulverized, and passed through a 20-60 mesh sieve to obtain Poria peel powder.

5. The culture medium for Poria cocos bag cultivation according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The pine resin is a fine powder obtained by crushing natural pine resin from Masson pine or red pine through a 20-60 mesh sieve.

6. A method for cultivating Poria cocos using the Poria cocos bag cultivation culture medium according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Pine sawdust is exposed to the open air for 3-4 days; corn kernels are soaked in water for 10-12 hours and drained of surface moisture for later use; corn kernels, soybeans, poria peel and pine resin are crushed and passed through a 20-60 mesh sieve and sealed and stored away from light. (2) Mixing and bagging: Mix the pretreated pine sawdust, wheat grains, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean flour, Poria cocos peel and pine resin according to the ratio. Add water in batches to adjust the moisture content of the material to 58%~62% to obtain the Poria cocos bag cultivation medium. When bagging, first put some Poria cocos bag cultivation medium at the bottom of the bag, put the pine sawdust in vertically, and then fill it tightly with the remaining Poria cocos bag cultivation medium. Seal and tie the opening to obtain the bag. (3) Sterilization: Sterilize the bags with normal pressure steam, raise the temperature to 100℃ and maintain the temperature for 10-12 hours; (4) Inoculation and mycelial growth: Inoculate the original Poria cocos seed into the bags under sterile conditions; after inoculation, incubate the bags at 25-30℃ in the dark, turn the bags over once a week, and incubate for 40-50 days until the mycelium has fully grown into the bags; (5) Soil covering cultivation: Place the bag with the opening facing down into the cellar, inoculate the young Poria cocos sclerotia at the corresponding position on the pine wood, and finally cover with sand to grow and form Poria cocos.

7. The application of the Poria cocos bag cultivation medium as described in any one of claims 1-5 in improving the quality of Poria cocos, characterized in that, The applications include promoting the accumulation of pachymic acid in Poria cocos, reducing the contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria in bag cultivation, and shortening the time for Poria cocos formation.

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