A catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of catalyst for basic hydrogen electrocatalysis and its preparation method and application, belong to electrocatalysis technical field.The catalyst for basic hydrogen electrocatalysis of the present application includes molybdenum chromium oxide base and transition metal nanoparticles that are compounded in the inside and / or surface of molybdenum chromium oxide base;The chemical formula of molybdenum chromium oxide base is Mo a Cr b O x ;Transition metal nanoparticles are selected from one or more of Ni, Ru, Ir, Pt and Pd.By optimizing the ratio of molybdenum chromium oxide and compounding transition metal nanoparticles, the connectivity of interface hydrogen bond network is effectively improved by using appropriate amount of chromium-doped molybdenum oxide base, a highly ordered interface water structure is constructed, and the proton transfer path is optimized;By this mechanism, the catalyst can significantly accelerate the water dissociation and proton transfer process in alkaline medium, and effectively improve the catalytic performance of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrocatalysis technology, and particularly relates to a catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy is a clean and efficient secondary energy source and an important vehicle for achieving a green and low-carbon energy transition. Hydrogen production through water electrolysis and fuel cells are important technological routes for the efficient conversion and utilization of hydrogen energy. Among them, anion exchange membrane electrolyzers (AEMWE) and fuel cells (AEMFC), operating in alkaline media, can use non-precious metal electrocatalysts and reduce the requirements for corrosion resistance of system materials such as bipolar plates, resulting in lower system costs compared to proton exchange membrane systems, and thus have attracted widespread attention. However, the kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media are slow, typically 2-3 orders of magnitude slower than under acidic conditions, becoming a key bottleneck restricting the development of anion exchange membrane energy conversion technology.

[0003] Currently, alkaline hydrogen electrocatalytic systems mainly employ noble metal catalysts such as platinum-carbon and platinum-ruthenium-carbon. Although these catalysts exhibit high catalytic activity, the limited reserves and high cost of platinum group metals, coupled with their significantly slower HOR / HER reaction kinetics in alkaline media compared to acidic media, limit their large-scale application. In contrast, nickel-based catalysts, with their abundant reserves and low cost, are considered potential candidates to replace platinum-based catalysts. However, existing nickel-based catalysts generally suffer from low intrinsic catalytic activity, high reaction overpotential, low current density, and insufficient stability. Their catalytic performance still lags significantly behind platinum-based catalysts, making it difficult to meet the application requirements for long-term stable operation under high current density conditions.

[0004] Currently, existing technologies mainly utilize methods such as elemental doping, alloying, and carrier loading to modulate the electronic structure and surface properties of materials, thereby optimizing the adsorption behavior of key reaction intermediates and improving the performance of hydrogen electrocatalysis in alkaline media. However, recent studies have shown that, in addition to the adsorption behavior of key reaction intermediates, the interfacial water hydrogen bond network is also a crucial factor affecting the performance of alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis. As a transport medium in proton-coupled electron transfer, the connectivity of the interfacial water hydrogen bond network directly affects the interfacial proton transport efficiency, thus influencing the kinetics of hydrogen electrocatalysis. In acidic media, interfacial water can form a continuous and dynamically reconfigurable hydrogen bond network, achieving rapid proton transport through the Grotes mechanism; however, in alkaline media, alkali metal cations enriched at the interface disrupt the hydrogen bond network structure of the interfacial water, reducing the connectivity of the hydrogen bond network and hindering interfacial proton transport, thereby reducing reaction kinetics and limiting further improvements in catalyst performance.

[0005] Therefore, how to regulate the interfacial water-hydrogen bond network through the composition and structural design of catalytic materials, improve the interfacial proton transport efficiency, and thus promote the HOR / HER reaction kinetics in alkaline media remains a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problems of high cost of precious metal hydrogen electrocatalysts, slow reaction kinetics in alkaline environments, and insufficient activity of non-precious metal catalysts.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis, its preparation method, and its application. By optimizing the molybdenum-chromium oxide ratio and combining it with transition metal nanoparticles, the connectivity of the interfacial hydrogen bond network is effectively enhanced using a molybdenum oxide substrate doped with an appropriate amount of chromium, thereby constructing a highly ordered interfacial water structure and optimizing the proton transport pathway. Based on this mechanism, the catalyst can significantly accelerate water dissociation and proton transfer processes in alkaline media, effectively improving the catalytic performance of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction.

[0008] The first objective of this invention is to provide a catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis, the catalyst comprising a molybdenum chromium oxide substrate and transition metal nanoparticles incorporated within and / or on the surface of the molybdenum chromium oxide substrate. The chemical formula of the molybdenum chromium oxide substrate is Mo. a Cr b O x Where 1≤a≤2 and 0.05≤b≤0.2; The transition metal nanoparticles are selected from one or more of Ni, Ru, Ir, Pt, and Pd.

[0009] A second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis, comprising the following steps: S1. Precursor powder is prepared by solution phase reaction; S2. Anneal the precursor powder described in S1 to obtain the catalyst used for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the preparation of the precursor powder is selected from any of the following methods: (1) The first transition metal salt, the first molybdenum source and the first chromium source undergo a first heating reaction in the first solvent, and the precursor powder is obtained by washing and drying. (2) The second molybdenum source and the second chromium source undergo a second heating reaction in the second solvent, and the precursor matrix powder is obtained after washing and drying; the precursor matrix powder and the second transition metal salt react in water, and the precursor powder is obtained after washing and drying.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first transition metal salt and the second transition metal salt are independently selected from one or more of nickel salts, ruthenium salts, iridium salts, platinum salts and palladium salts; And / or, the first molybdenum source and the second molybdenum source are independently selected from ammonium molybdate and / or molybdenum acetylacetonate; And / or, the first chromium source and the second chromium source are independently selected from one or more of chromium nitrate, chromium chloride and chromium acetate.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the molar ratio of the first transition metal salt, the first molybdenum source, and the first chromium source is (3.5-4.5):(1-2):(0.05-0.2).

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the molar ratio of the second molybdenum source to the second chromium source is (1-2):(0.05-0.2), and the molar ratio of the precursor matrix powder to the second transition metal salt is (5-7):(0.5-1.5).

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the first heating reaction is 80°C-150°C and the time is 30 min-120 min.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the second heating reaction is 160°C-200°C, and the time is 6h-24h; And / or, the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 5°C-35°C for a time of 12h-24h.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the annealing process involves heating to 280°C-400°C at a rate of 1.8°C / min-2.2°C / min and holding at that temperature for 30min-120min.

[0017] A third objective of this invention is to provide an application of the catalyst described above for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis in the field of alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis described in this invention is in the form of amorphous Mo. a Cr b O x As a functional base, by introducing an appropriate amount of Cr 3+ Construct a catalytic system with interface regulation capabilities. Specifically, Cr 3+With its strong Lewis acidity and charge density, it can exert a local electrostatic regulation effect on oxygen species at the catalyst / electrolyte interface, optimize the interfacial ion distribution and adsorption behavior of oxygen-containing species, reduce the disturbance of interfacial water structure by alkali metal cations, promote the reorganization of interfacial free water, and construct a continuous and stable interfacial hydrogen bond network. Based on Mo a Cr b O x The synergistic effect of functional substrate and interfacial hydrogen bond network regulation can effectively improve the dissociation efficiency of interfacial water molecules and the interfacial proton transport rate in alkaline media, thereby accelerating the kinetics of alkaline hydrogen electrocatalytic reactions. This invention uses the interfacial hydrogen bond network as a key factor in regulating the performance of alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis. By constructing an interfacial microenvironment conducive to water dissociation and proton transport, the kinetics of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction are simultaneously enhanced. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 The Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr in Example 1 of this invention 0.1 O x TEM image; Figure 2 The Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr in Example 1 of this invention 0.1 O x XRD pattern; Figure 3 The Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr in Example 1 of this invention 0.1 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydroxide reaction; Figure 4 The Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr in Example 1 of this invention 0.1 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction; Figure 5 The Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr in Example 2 of this invention 0.05 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydroxide reaction; Figure 6 Ni in Embodiment 3 of the present invention 3.5 Mo1-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydroxide reaction; Figure 7 The Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr in Example 4 of this invention 0.2 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydroxide reaction; Figure 8 The Ru-Mo1Cr in Example 5 of this invention 0.1 O x TEM image; Figure 9 The Ru-Mo1Cr in Example 5 of this invention 0.1 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction; Figure 10 The Ru-Mo1Cr in Example 5 of this invention 0.1 O x Electrolysis water performance diagram; Figure 11 The Ru-Mo1Cr in Example 6 of this invention 0.15 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction; Figure 12 The Ru-Mo1Cr in Example 7 of this invention 0.05 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction; Figure 13 The Ru-Mo1Cr in Example 8 of this invention 0.1 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction at -400℃; Figure 14 Pt-Mo1Cr in Example 9 of this invention 0.1 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, the test procedures for the alkaline hydroxide reaction and the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction are as follows: The catalyst is mixed with 5 μL of a 5% (w / w) perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution and 500 μL of anhydrous ethanol, and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min to obtain a uniform catalyst ink; this ink is then drop-coated onto a rotating disk electrode, and after natural drying, a catalyst loading of 0.1 mg / cm³ is obtained. 2 The working electrode was used; electrochemical tests were conducted using 1 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution as the electrolyte at room temperature (27℃). A mercury / mercury oxide reference electrode and a carbon rod were used as the counter electrode. The electrode rotation speed was set to 1600 rpm throughout the test to eliminate the influence of mass transfer and diffusion. The hydrogen evolution reaction was tested at a potential range of 0 to -0.5 V vs. RHE, and the hydrogen evolution reaction was tested at a potential range of 0 to 0.2 V vs. RHE. The current density of the hydrogen evolution reaction at 50 mV and the current density of the hydrogen evolution reaction at 10 mA cm⁻¹ were recorded.-2 Overpotential at current density.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, the test procedure for water electrolysis is as follows: the catalyst is mixed with 10 μL of a 5% (w / w) polyarylpiperidine solution and 500 μL of anhydrous ethanol, and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min to obtain a uniform catalyst ink; this ink is then transferred and drop-coated onto the surface of carbon paper, and after natural drying, a catalyst loading of 2 mg / cm³ is obtained. 2 The working electrode was then used; subsequently, the electrolysis performance of water was tested in an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer system, using 1 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution as the electrolyte, at a temperature of 60℃, and an electrolyte flow rate of 5 mL / min. -1 Recorded current density up to 1 A cm⁻¹ -2 The corresponding slot voltage at that time.

[0023] Example 1 The catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis in this embodiment, its preparation method, and its application specifically include the following steps: Weigh out 4 mmol of nickel nitrate hexahydrate, 1 mmol of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and 0.1 mmol of chromium nitrate nonahydrate according to the nickel, molybdenum and chromium molybdate molybdate molybdate molybdate molybdate molybdenum ... The precursor solution was transferred into an oil bath and stirred at 90°C for 30 min. After the reaction was completed, it was naturally cooled to room temperature. The precursor solution was washed by alternating centrifugation with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, and then freeze-dried at -74°C for 6 h to obtain the precursor powder. The precursor powder was placed in a tube furnace, and a hydrogen / argon mixture with a volume fraction of 10% was introduced. The temperature was increased to 300℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min and held for 2 hours to obtain the catalyst Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr. 0.1 O x .

[0024] Figure 1 Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x TEM image of the catalyst Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x Its small size and overall nanosheet shape provide more active sites.

[0025] Figure 2 Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x The XRD pattern of the catalyst Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr was compared with that of a standard card. 0.1 O xSimilar to the diffraction peaks of Ni4Mo, it is slightly shifted to the right.

[0026] Figure 3 Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x The performance diagram of the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction under a rotating disk electrode shows that, at a potential of 50 mV relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode, the total current density reaches 2.49 mA cm⁻¹. -2 .

[0027] Figure 4 Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x The hydrogen evolution reaction performance diagram under a rotating disk electrode, producing 10 mA cm⁻¹ -2 The overpotential required for current density is only 27mV.

[0028] Example 2 The preparation method is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the molar ratio of nickel, molybdenum, and chromium is 4:1:0.05, resulting in the catalyst Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr. 0.05 O x .

[0029] Figure 5 Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr 0.05 O x The performance diagram of the alkaline hydroxide reaction under a rotating disk electrode shows that, at a potential of 50 mV relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode, the total current density reaches 2.32 mA cm⁻¹. -2 .

[0030] Example 3 The preparation method is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the molar ratio of nickel, molybdenum, and chromium is 3.5:1:0.1, resulting in a Ni catalyst. 3.5 Mo1-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x .

[0031] Figure 6 For Ni 3.5 Mo1-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x The performance diagram of the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction under a rotating disk electrode shows that, at a potential of 50 mV relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode, the total current density reaches 2.31 mA cm⁻¹. -2 .

[0032] Example 4 The preparation method is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the molar ratio of nickel, molybdenum, and chromium is 4:1:0.2, resulting in the catalyst Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr. 0.2 O x .

[0033] Figure 7 Ni4Mo1-Mo1Cr 0.2 O x The performance diagram of the alkaline hydroxide reaction under a rotating disk electrode shows that, at a potential of 50 mV relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode, the total current density reaches 2.26 mA cm⁻¹. -2 .

[0034] Example 5 The catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis in this embodiment, its preparation method, and its application specifically include the following steps: Weigh 0.6 mmol of molybdenum acetylacetonate and 0.06 mmol of chromium acetate according to a molar ratio of 1:0.1, and add them to a mixed solvent prepared by 40 mL of deionized water and 10 mL of ethanol. Stir until fully dissolved to obtain a precursor solution. The precursor solution was transferred to a hydrothermal reactor and reacted at 180°C for 12 hours. After the reaction was completed, it was naturally cooled to room temperature, washed by centrifugation with anhydrous ethanol, and then vacuum dried for 12 hours to obtain the precursor powder. 5 mmol of precursor matrix powder and 1 mmol of ruthenium trichloride were added to 15 mL of deionized water, and the mixture was stirred and reacted at room temperature for 12 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed by centrifugation with anhydrous ethanol, and then dried under vacuum for 12 h. Under an argon atmosphere, the temperature was increased to 350 °C at a rate of 2 °C / min and held for 1 h to obtain the catalyst Ru-Mo1Cr. 0.1 O x .

[0035] Figure 8 Ru-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x TEM image of catalyst Ru-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x The particles are urchin-like nanoparticles with a size of approximately 30 nm to 60 nm and a dense distribution of nano-protrusions on their surface. There is no obvious fusion between the particles. This structural feature gives the material a high specific surface area and abundant surface active sites, resulting in good hydrogen evolution reaction performance.

[0036] Figure 9 Ru-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction under rotating disk electrode, Ru-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x Generate 10mA cm -2 The overpotential required for the cathode current density is 15mV.

[0037] Figure 10 Ru-Mo1Cr 0.1 O xElectrolysis performance of water in an anion exchange membrane, with a current density reaching 1 A cm⁻¹. -2 At that time, only 1.70V is required.

[0038] Example 6 The preparation method is basically the same as in Example 5, except that the molar ratio of molybdenum to chromium is 1:0.15, resulting in the catalyst Ru-Mo1Cr. 0.15 O x .

[0039] Figure 11 Ru-Mo1Cr 0.15 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction under rotating disk electrode, Ru-Mo1Cr 0.15 O x Generate 10mA cm -2 The overpotential required for the cathode current density is 36mV.

[0040] Example 7 The preparation method is basically the same as in Example 5, except that the molar ratio of molybdenum to chromium is 1:0.05, resulting in the catalyst Ru-Mo1Cr. 0.05 O x .

[0041] Figure 12 Ru-Mo1Cr 0.05 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction under rotating disk electrode, Ru-Mo1Cr 0.05 O x Generate 10mA cm -2 The required overpotential for cathode current density is 65mV.

[0042] Example 8 Basically the same as Example 5, except that: the temperature was increased to 400℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min and held for 1 hour to obtain the catalyst Ru-Mo1Cr. 0.1 O x -400℃.

[0043] Figure 13 Ru-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction at -400℃ under rotating disk electrode, Ru-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x -400℃ generates 10mA cm -2 The overpotential required for the cathode current density is 63mV.

[0044] Example 9 Basically the same as Example 5, except that ruthenium trichloride was replaced with platinum trichloride to obtain the catalyst Pt-Mo1Cr. 0.1 O x .

[0045] Figure 14 Pt-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x Performance diagram of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction under rotating disk electrode, Pt-Mo1Cr 0.1 O x Generate 10mA cm -2 The overpotential required for the cathode current density is 32mV.

[0046] Comparative Example 1 Basically the same as Example 1, except that the molar ratio of nickel, molybdenum, and chromium is 4:1:0, that is, chromium nitrate nonahydrate is not added, resulting in the catalyst Ni4Mo1-MoO. x .

[0047] Hydrogen oxidation reaction performance: At a potential of 50 mV relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode, the total current density reaches 1.96 mA / cm². -2 .

[0048] Hydrogen evolution reaction performance: at 10 mA cm⁻¹ relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode -2 At the current density, the overpotential reaches 58mV.

[0049] Comparative Example 2 The process is basically the same as in Example 6, except that the molar ratio of molybdenum to chromium is 1:0, meaning that chromium acetate was not added, resulting in the catalyst Ru-MoOx.

[0050] Hydrogen evolution reaction performance: at 10 mA cm⁻¹ relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode -2 At the current density, the overpotential reaches 68mV.

[0051] Comparative Example 3 Commercial Pt / C, carbon black loaded with 20 wt% platinum.

[0052] Hydrogen oxidation reaction performance: At a potential of 50 mV relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode, the total current density reaches 1.84 mA / cm². -2 .

[0053] Hydrogen evolution reaction performance: at 10 mA cm⁻¹ relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode -2 At the current density, the overpotential reaches 60mV.

[0054] Electrolysis performance of water, with a current density reaching 1A cm⁻¹ -2 At that time, the voltage required is only 1.97V.

[0055] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis, characterized in that, The catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis comprises a molybdenum chromium oxide substrate and transition metal nanoparticles composited within and / or on the surface of the molybdenum chromium oxide substrate. The chemical formula of the molybdenum chromium oxide substrate is Mo. a Cr b O x Where 1≤a≤2 and 0.05≤b≤0.2; The transition metal nanoparticles are selected from one or more of Ni, Ru, Ir, Pt, and Pd.

2. The method for preparing the catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Precursor powder is prepared by solution phase reaction; S2. Anneal the precursor powder described in S1 to obtain the catalyst used for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis.

3. The method for preparing the catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S1, the preparation of the precursor powder is selected from any of the following methods: The first transition metal salt, the first molybdenum source, and the first chromium source undergo a first heating reaction in the first solvent, and the precursor powder is obtained after washing and drying. Alternatively, a second heating reaction is carried out in a second solvent using a second molybdenum source and a second chromium source, followed by washing and drying to obtain a precursor matrix powder; the precursor matrix powder and the second transition metal salt are reacted in water, followed by washing and drying to obtain the precursor powder.

4. The method for preparing the catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first transition metal salt and the second transition metal salt are independently selected from one or more of nickel salts, ruthenium salts, iridium salts, platinum salts, and palladium salts; And / or, the first molybdenum source and the second molybdenum source are independently selected from ammonium molybdate and / or molybdenum acetylacetonate; And / or, the first chromium source and the second chromium source are independently selected from one or more of chromium nitrate, chromium chloride and chromium acetate.

5. The method for preparing the catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis according to claim 3, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the first transition metal salt, the first molybdenum source, and the first chromium source is (3.5-4.5):(1-2):(0.05-0.2).

6. The method for preparing the catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis according to claim 3, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the second molybdenum source to the second chromium source is (1-2):(0.05-0.2), and the molar ratio of the precursor matrix powder to the second transition metal salt is (5-7):(0.5-1.5).

7. The method for preparing the catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis according to claim 3, characterized in that, The temperature of the first heating reaction is 80℃-150℃, and the time is 30min-120min.

8. The method for preparing the catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second heating reaction is carried out at a temperature of 160℃-200℃ for 6h-24h. And / or, the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 5°C-35°C for a time of 12h-24h.

9. The method for preparing the catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S2, the annealing process involves heating to 280℃-400℃ at a rate of 1.8℃ / min-2.2℃ / min and holding at that temperature for 30min-120min.

10. The application of the catalyst for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis as described in claim 1 in the field of alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis.

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