An ecosystem for enhancing denitrification and dephosphorization in a three-surface river channel
By setting up tiered dams, ecological filter cages, and plant gabions in the three-sided river channel, combined with slow-release carbon sources, the ecological defects of the three-sided river channel were solved, achieving efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal and ecological restoration of the water body, and enhancing the ecosystem diversity and landscape value of the river channel.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING YUANCHAO ECOLOGICAL CONSTR CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
AI Technical Summary
The ecological defects of the Sanguangmian River have led to a weakening of the water body's self-purification function, excessive levels of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and increased downstream flood control pressure due to increased water flow velocity. The question is how to restore the water body's self-purification function and surpass the water purification efficiency of the natural ecosystem through structural optimization and transformation.
A series of dams are arranged in the three-sided river channel, and ecological filter cages and ecological floating beds are set up in the upstream section and plant gabions are set up in the downstream section. The pollutants are absorbed by plant roots and microorganisms, and electron donors are provided by slow-release carbon sources to promote microbial degradation. The denitrification and phosphorus removal effects are enhanced through multi-stage purification process.
It significantly improves the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in water, increases dissolved oxygen content, improves the diversity of river ecosystems, creates a beautiful landscape effect, and at the same time reduces operation and maintenance costs, achieving green, low-carbon and energy-free water purification.
Smart Images
Figure CN224350499U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of three-smooth river water treatment technology, specifically to an ecosystem that enhances nitrogen and phosphorus removal in three-smooth river channels. Background Technology
[0002] As a common design form in urban drainage systems and hydraulic engineering, the three-sided surface river channel uses reinforced concrete to integrally cast the bottom and side slopes of the channel. It is mainly used for flood control and irrigation projects. It has advantages such as significantly reducing water flow resistance, effectively reducing water seepage loss, and inhibiting the scouring effect of water flow on the riverbed and banks. At the same time, it controls the amount of sediment carried. The structure is simple, easy to maintain, and has a neat appearance. However, this artificial structure also has obvious ecological defects: the smooth river surface destroys the natural habitat and seriously affects the survival and reproduction of aquatic organisms and vegetation. Due to the lack of the inherent plant communities, sediment matrix, and microbial system in natural river channels, the self-purification function of the water body is greatly weakened, and it may even aggravate water pollution problems, that is, the content of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water exceeds the standard. In addition, the excessively high water flow velocity will also increase the downstream flood control pressure. Against this background, how to optimize and transform the three-sided surface river channel to not only restore its self-purification function, but also surpass the water purification efficiency of the natural ecosystem has become the key to strengthening the denitrification and phosphorus removal of the three-sided surface river channel. Utility Model Content
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide an ecosystem for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in three-sided smooth river channels, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.
[0004] The technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:
[0005] An ecosystem for enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a three-sided smooth river channel includes: a cascade dam structure arranged in the three-sided smooth river channel to intercept water; an ecological filter cage arranged in the upstream section of the cascade dam structure in the three-sided smooth river channel; a slow-release carbon source added to the ecological filter cage; an ecological floating bed arranged in the upstream section of the ecological filter cage in the three-sided smooth river channel; and a plant gabion arranged in the downstream section of the cascade dam structure in the three-sided smooth river channel.
[0006] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0007] By intercepting water bodies through cascade dams and installing ecological filter cages and floating beds in the deep-water areas upstream of the dams, the absorption of pollutants by plants is enhanced. The rhizosphere microorganisms produced by the plant roots also increase biodiversity in the river channel, attracting more biological species and improving the diversity of the river ecosystem. This extends the purification effect of the floating beds and filter cages, raises the water level, and lowers dissolved oxygen at the riverbed, creating anaerobic conditions that support denitrification microorganisms and promote nitrate removal. The elevation difference created by the cascade dams increases the contact area between water and oxygen, further increasing dissolved oxygen levels. Simultaneously, unused carbon sources upstream of the dams provide electron donors for nitrifying microorganisms, promoting their absorption of NH4+. + The degradation of -N also reduces the COD concentration in the water, and the waterfall with its varying heights also enhances the environmental landscape.
[0008] The plant roots planted on the ecological floating bed can directly absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. The well-developed root network can provide a carrier for microorganisms to attach to, and effectively degrade organic pollutants (COD and BOD) in the water through microbial metabolism. In terms of operation and maintenance, it is only necessary to harvest mature plants regularly and clean up the residue in time. The operation is simple. At the same time, it also creates a good habitat for aquatic organisms such as fish, birds and insects, achieving the dual benefits of water purification and ecological restoration.
[0009] The substrate within the ecological filter cage removes pollutants from the water through physical adsorption. Its large specific surface area provides an ideal attachment carrier for functional microorganisms. The slow-release carbon source added to the ecological filter cage can continuously release organic carbon, providing electron donors for denitrifying microorganisms and promoting NO reduction. 3- Removal of -N, i.e., strengthening the effect of NO 3- The ability to process -N significantly improves the removal efficiency of total nitrogen (especially nitrate nitrogen);
[0010] The planted gabions arranged in the downstream section of the cascade dam within the three-sided river channel form a physical filter zone. Initially, they can filter pollutants and intercept suspended solids. Later, they can change the flow pattern of the river, inducing a meandering flow. By extending the hydraulic residence time, they enhance the adsorption of pollutants by the matrix within the planted gabions and promote the biodegradation of pollutants by microorganisms, thus improving the water purification effect. At the same time, the diversified flow field structure formed also enhances the oxygen enrichment effect of the water. In addition, the plants planted on the planted gabions can also purify the water quality and improve the landscape ecological value of the river.
[0011] Ecological floating beds, ecological filter cages, tiered dams, and plant gabions are set up along the water flow direction in the Sanguangmian River channel. Slow-release carbon sources are added to the ecological filter cages. Through multi-stage purification processes, the water quality of the Sanguangmian River channel is restored, and the removal of pollutants in the water is enhanced, namely, the denitrification and phosphorus removal effect of the water body is enhanced. This does not affect the flood discharge of the river channel and also beautifies the overall environmental landscape.
[0012] The operation and maintenance are simple and the cost is low. It only requires regular harvesting or replacement of plants. When faced with low nitrogen and nitrate treatment capacity, it is only necessary to add slow-release carbon sources to the ecological filter cage located in the upstream section of the cascade dam.
[0013] The entire process does not require any other power source; it can be achieved simply by utilizing the gravity difference of the water flow. The ecological floating beds, the waterfalls created by the cascade dams, and the plant gabions not only reduce pollutants but also have excellent landscape features, namely, being green, low-carbon, energy-free, and aesthetically pleasing.
[0014] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.
[0015] Furthermore, the surface of the cascade dam is paved with irregularly arranged stones.
[0016] The further beneficial effects of the above-mentioned method are as follows: when water passes through a stepped dam with varying elevations, the stones can effectively cut through the water, significantly increase the dissolved oxygen content of the water, and promote the removal of COD and ammonia nitrogen.
[0017] Furthermore, ecological filter cages are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the river in the upstream section of the three-sided river channel, within the cascade dam body.
[0018] Furthermore, the length of a single ecological filter cage is 5m to 15m and the width is 0.5m to 1m; the plants planted on the ecological filter cage are emergent plants, including one or more of cattails, canna lilies, and reeds.
[0019] The further beneficial effects of adopting the above methods are that cattails, canna lilies, and reeds have highly efficient purification capabilities.
[0020] Furthermore, the ecological filter cage includes: a first cage and a substrate filled in the first cage. The first cage is a right-angled triangular cage with the inclined surface of the first cage facing the direction of water flow and the right-angled side closely attached to the cascade dam body.
[0021] The further beneficial effects of adopting the above are as follows: the inclined surface of the first cage faces the direction of water flow, and the right-angled side is close to the cascade dam body. This structural design can effectively reduce the scouring effect of water flow and improve the overall stability.
[0022] Furthermore, the matrix may be one or two of zeolite or volcanic rock.
[0023] The further beneficial effects of using the above-mentioned matrix are: the matrix has a large specific surface area and good adsorption performance.
[0024] Furthermore, the number of plant gabions arranged in the downstream section of the cascade dam within the three-sided river channel is multiple, and these plant gabions are arranged alternately along the direction of water flow.
[0025] The further beneficial effect of adopting the above is that it can change the flow pattern of water in a river, thereby inducing the water flow to form a tortuous flow pattern.
[0026] Furthermore, the length of the plant gabions is 0.5 to 1 times the width of the three-sided channel, the width is 0.5m to 1.5m, the height exceeds the maximum water depth of the three-sided channel, and the distance between two adjacent plant gabions is 5m to 10m.
[0027] Furthermore, the plant gabion includes: a second cage and a double-layer substrate filling the second cage. The outer layer of the double-layer substrate is a highly absorbent substrate, and the inner layer of the double-layer substrate serves as a planting area and uses a composite substrate. The planting area is fixed with moisture-tolerant emergent plants through floating plate planting holes.
[0028] Furthermore, the highly absorbent matrix uses one or two of volcanic rock and limestone, the composite matrix uses a mixture of non-woven fabric, coconut fiber and ceramsite, and the moisture-tolerant emergent plants are one or two of canna lily and loosestrife.
[0029] The further beneficial effects of adopting the above are: the highly adsorbent matrix uses one or two of volcanic rocks and limestone, which can both achieve pollutant adsorption and ensure structural stability. Attached Figure Description
[0030] Figure 1 This is a top view of the ecosystem for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a three-sided smooth river channel according to this utility model;
[0031] Figure 2 This is a front view of the ecosystem for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a three-sided smooth river channel, as described in this utility model.
[0032] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:
[0033] 1. Three-sided smooth river channel; 2. cascade dam body; 210. gravel; 3. ecological filter cage; 4. ecological floating bed; 5. plant gabion; 6. slow-release carbon source. Detailed Implementation
[0034] The principles and features of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.
[0035] Example 1
[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, an ecosystem for enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a three-sided smooth river channel includes: a cascade dam 2 arranged in the three-sided smooth river channel 1, the cascade dam 2 arranged in the three-sided smooth river channel 1 is used to intercept water, an ecological filter cage 3 arranged in the upstream section of the cascade dam 2 in the three-sided smooth river channel 1, a slow-release carbon source 6 added in the ecological filter cage 3, an ecological floating bed 4 arranged in the upstream section of the ecological filter cage 3 in the three-sided smooth river channel 1, and a plant gabion 5 arranged in the downstream section of the cascade dam 2 in the three-sided smooth river channel 1.
[0037] The water body is intercepted by a cascade dam 2, and ecological filter cages 3 and ecological floating beds 4 are installed in the deep water area upstream of the cascade dam 2. This not only improves the absorption of pollutants by plants, but also enhances the biodiversity of the river channel through the rhizosphere microorganisms produced by the plant roots. It also attracts more biological species, improving the biodiversity of the river ecosystem. This extends the purification effect of the ecological floating beds 4 and ecological filter cages 3 on pollutants, raises the water level, and lowers the dissolved oxygen at the bottom of the river, creating anaerobic conditions for denitrifying microorganisms and promoting the removal of nitrate nitrogen. The elevation difference created by the water body passing through the cascade dam 2 increases the contact area between the water and oxygen, increasing the dissolved oxygen level. Simultaneously, the unused carbon source upstream of the dam provides electron donors for nitrifying microorganisms, promoting their absorption of NH4+. + The degradation of -N also reduces the COD concentration in the water, and the waterfall with its varying heights also enhances the environmental landscape.
[0038] The plant roots planted on the ecological floating bed 4 can directly absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. The well-developed root network can provide a carrier for microorganisms to attach to, and effectively degrade organic pollutants (COD and BOD) in the water through microbial metabolism. In terms of operation and maintenance, it is only necessary to harvest mature plants regularly and clean up the residue in time. The operation is simple. At the same time, it also creates a good habitat for aquatic organisms such as fish, birds and insects, achieving the dual benefits of water purification and ecological restoration.
[0039] The substrate within the ecological filter cage 3 removes pollutants from the water through physical adsorption. Its large specific surface area provides an ideal attachment carrier for functional microorganisms. The slow-release carbon source 6 added to the ecological filter cage 3 can continuously release organic carbon, providing electron donors for denitrifying microorganisms and promoting NO reduction. 3- Removal of -N, i.e., strengthening the effect of NO 3- The ability to process -N significantly improves the removal efficiency of total nitrogen (especially nitrate nitrogen), and the slow-release carbon source 6 can be a plant + microbial degradable polymer.
[0040] The plant gabions 5 arranged in the downstream section of the three-sided river channel 1 within the cascade dam 2 form a physical filter zone. Initially, they can filter pollutants and intercept suspended solids. Later, they can change the flow pattern of the water body in the river to induce the water flow to form a tortuous flow pattern. By extending the hydraulic residence time, they can enhance the adsorption of pollutants by the matrix inside the plant gabions 5 and promote the biodegradation of pollutants by microorganisms, thereby improving the water purification effect. At the same time, the diversified flow field structure formed also enhances the oxygen enrichment effect of the water body. In addition, the plants planted on the plant gabions 5 can also purify the water quality and improve the landscape ecological value of the river.
[0041] An ecological floating bed 4, an ecological filter cage 3, a tiered dam 2, and a plant gabion 5 are installed along the water flow direction in the Sanguangmian River Channel 1. A slow-release carbon source 6 is added to the ecological filter cage 3. Through a multi-stage purification process, the water quality of the Sanguangmian River Channel is restored, and the removal of pollutants in the water is enhanced, that is, the denitrification and phosphorus removal effect of the water is enhanced. This does not affect the flood discharge of the river channel and also beautifies the overall environmental landscape.
[0042] The operation and maintenance is simple and the cost is low. It only requires regular harvesting or replacement of plants. When the nitrogen and nitrate treatment capacity is low, it is only necessary to add slow-release carbon source 6 to the ecological filter cage 3 located in the upstream section of the cascade dam 2.
[0043] The entire process does not require any other power source and can be achieved based on the gravity difference of the water flow. The waterfalls and plant gabions generated by the ecological floating bed 4 and the cascade dam 2 not only reduce pollutants but also have excellent landscape features, namely, green, low-carbon, energy-free and beautiful.
[0044] Example 2
[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 1, as detailed below:
[0046] During the construction of the dam, irregularly arranged stones 210 can be laid on the surface of the cascade dam 2. When the water passes through the cascade dam 2 with its height difference, the stones 210 can effectively cut the water, greatly increase the dissolved oxygen content of the water, and promote the removal of COD and ammonia nitrogen.
[0047] Example 3
[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 1 or 2, as detailed below:
[0049] Ecological filter cages 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upstream section of the three-sided river channel 1 within the cascade dam body 2. The length of a single set of ecological filter cages 3 is 5m to 15m and the width is 0.5m to 1m. The plants planted on the ecological filter cages 3 are emergent plants, including one or more of cattails, canna lilies, and reeds. Cattails, canna lilies, and reeds have high purification capacity.
[0050] Example 4
[0051] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 1, 2, or 3, as detailed below:
[0052] The ecological filter cage 3 includes a first cage and a substrate filled in the first cage. The first cage is a right-angled triangular cage with the inclined surface facing the direction of water flow and the right-angled side close to the stepped dam body 2. This structural design can effectively reduce the scouring effect of water flow and improve the overall stability. The substrate is one or two of zeolite and volcanic rock. This type of substrate has a large specific surface area and good adsorption performance.
[0053] Example 5
[0054] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of embodiments 1 to 4, as detailed below:
[0055] Multiple gabions 5 are arranged in the downstream section of the cascade dam 2 within the three-sided channel 1. These gabions 5 are staggered along the direction of water flow. Furthermore, one of two adjacent gabions 5 is fixed to one bank of the three-sided channel 1, and the other is fixed to the other bank. The length of each gabion 5 is 0.5 to 1 times the width of the three-sided channel 1, the width is 0.5 to 1.5 meters, and the height exceeds the maximum water depth of the three-sided channel 1. The distance between two adjacent gabions 5 is 5 to 10 meters.
[0056] The plant gabion 5 includes: a second cage and a double-layer substrate filling the second cage. The outer layer of the double-layer substrate is a highly absorbent substrate, and the inner layer of the double-layer substrate serves as a planting area and uses a composite substrate. The planting area is fixed with moisture-tolerant emergent plants through floating plate planting holes. The highly absorbent substrate is preferably one or two of volcanic rock and limestone, which can both adsorb pollutants and ensure structural stability. The composite substrate is a mixture of non-woven fabric, coconut fiber, and ceramsite. The moisture-tolerant emergent plants are one or two of canna lily and loosestrife.
[0057] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An ecosystem for enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a three-sided smooth riverbed, characterized in that, include: A cascade dam (2) is arranged in the three-sided river channel (1) to intercept water. An ecological filter cage (3) is arranged in the upstream section of the cascade dam (2) in the three-sided river channel (1). A slow-release carbon source (6) is added in the ecological filter cage (3). An ecological floating bed (4) is arranged in the upstream section of the ecological filter cage (3) in the three-sided river channel (1). A plant gabion (5) is arranged in the downstream section of the cascade dam (2) in the three-sided river channel (1).
2. The ecosystem for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a three-sided smooth riverbed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the cascade dam body (2) is paved with irregularly arranged stones (210).
3. The ecosystem for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a three-sided smooth riverbed according to claim 1, characterized in that, Ecological filter cages (3) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upstream section of the three-sided smooth river channel (1) within the cascade dam body (2).
4. The ecosystem for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a three-sided smooth riverbed according to claim 3, characterized in that, The length of a single ecological filter cage (3) is 5m to 15m and the width is 0.5m to 1m; the plants planted on the ecological filter cage (3) are emergent plants, including one or more of cattail, canna and reed.
5. The ecosystem for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a three-sided smooth riverbed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological filter cage (3) includes: a first cage and a substrate filled in the first cage. The first cage is a right-angled triangular cage with the inclined surface of the first cage facing the direction of water flow and the right-angled side closely attached to the cascade dam body (2).
6. The ecosystem for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a three-sided smooth riverbed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of plant gabions (5) arranged in the downstream section of the cascade dam (2) within the three-smooth river channel (1) is multiple, and the multiple plant gabions (5) are arranged alternately along the direction of water flow.
7. The ecosystem for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a three-sided smooth riverbed according to claim 6, characterized in that, The length of the plant gabion (5) is 0.5 to 1 times the width of the three-sided smooth river channel (1), the width is 0.5m to 1.5m, the height exceeds the maximum water depth of the three-sided smooth river channel (1), and the distance between two adjacent plant gabions (5) is 5m to 10m.
8. An ecosystem for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a three-sided smooth riverbed according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The plant gabion (5) includes: a second cage and a double-layer substrate filled in the second cage. The outer layer of the double-layer substrate is a highly absorbent substrate, and the inner layer of the double-layer substrate serves as a planting area and uses a composite substrate. The planting area is fixed with moisture-tolerant emergent plants through floating plate planting holes.