A building exterior wall block

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of building materials technology, and particularly relates to a building exterior wall block, comprising: a block body having an exterior wall surface and an interior wall surface; an interlocking mechanism including top ribs and bottom grooves respectively disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the block body, and side ribs and side grooves respectively disposed on the left and right surfaces of the block body; and a central mechanism disposed within the block body, including a central hole and a supporting structure located within the central hole; wherein the central hole penetrates the block body along the left and right direction, and the supporting structure is integrally formed with the block body and divides the central hole into several parts. Compared with the prior art, this utility model effectively reduces the transportation cost of the exterior wall block and the load of the exterior wall block on the foundation, while improving the thermal insulation and energy-saving effect of the exterior wall block.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of building materials technology, and in particular relates to a building exterior wall block. Background Technology

[0002] Building exterior wall blocks are a type of brick commonly used in the construction field. For example, a rainproof and water-resistant wall block disclosed in patent application number CN201720631481.5 includes a rectangular block body. A water-retaining sill is provided on the top surface of the rectangular block body along the length direction, and a bottom groove along the length direction to accommodate the water-retaining sill is provided on the bottom surface of the rectangular block body. Vertical grooves are provided on the vertical surfaces at both ends of the rectangular block body. The existing building exterior wall blocks have high density due to their solid structure, resulting in high transportation costs and a heavy load on the foundation. Furthermore, these solid blocks cannot meet the thermal insulation and energy-saving requirements of the exterior walls, necessitating the installation of an additional thermal insulation and energy-saving layer, which increases construction costs. Therefore, it is necessary to make improvements. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to address the aforementioned technical problems by providing a building exterior wall block that effectively reduces the transportation cost and the load on the foundation, while simultaneously improving the thermal insulation and energy-saving effect of the exterior wall block. In view of this, the present invention provides a building exterior wall block, comprising: A block body, the block body having an outer wall surface and an inner wall surface; An interlocking mechanism, comprising top ribs and bottom grooves respectively disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the block body, and side ribs and side grooves respectively disposed on the left and right surfaces of the block body. Also includes: A central mechanism is disposed within the block body, and the central mechanism includes a central hole and a supporting structure located within the central hole; The central hole extends through the block body along the left-right direction, and the supporting structure is integrally formed with the block body and divides the central hole into several parts.

[0004] In this technical solution, the central hole of the central mechanism effectively reduces the amount of solid block material used, lowering the self-weight of the blocks compared to traditional solid blocks. This effectively increases the transport volume per unit trip and reduces transportation costs. At the same time, the lightweight blocks reduce the load on the foundation, which can reduce the amount of foundation concrete used and lower foundation construction costs. During the block installation process, the top rib-bottom groove and side rib-side groove of the interlocking mechanism are precisely matched to achieve the lateral and longitudinal positioning of the wall after mortar-free assembly. The support structure in the central hole effectively ensures the structural strength of the blocks while making them lightweight.

[0005] In the above technical solution, the supporting structure further includes: Horizontal ribs are provided in the central hole and are distributed horizontally along the inside and outside directions of the block body; Vertical ribs, wherein there are several vertical ribs, which are arranged in the central hole and evenly distributed along the inner and outer directions of the block body, and the vertical ribs are distributed vertically along the upper and lower directions of the block body. The vertical ribs and horizontal ribs intersect each other and form a junction.

[0006] Furthermore, the above technical solution also includes: The node slot is located at the intersection point and extends along the left-right direction of the block body through the intersection point of the vertical rib and the horizontal rib.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the node slot further includes: The main hole body is elliptical in shape. The wing-shaped perforation has two wing-shaped perforations that are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main perforation, and the wing-shaped perforations are connected to the main perforation. The wing-shaped perforation extends vertically from the main perforation towards the vertical rib.

[0008] Furthermore, the above technical solution also includes: Thermal insulation filler, wherein the thermal insulation filler is filled and disposed in the central hole.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the thermal insulation filler is further described as mineral wool or cement foam.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the thermal insulation filler is a honeycomb structure made of cardboard, plastic, metal or composite material.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. Excellent structural stability: The interlocking mechanism's top rib-bottom groove and side rib-side groove are precisely matched, achieving horizontal and vertical positioning of the wall after mortar-free assembly. The joint gaps are small, and the assembly stability is comparable to traditional mortar masonry. The horizontal and vertical ribs of the central mechanism form a grid-like support, and the intersection points ensure the support strength. Combined with the stress optimization design of the node slots, the overall compressive strength and shear strength of the blocks are good, meeting the load-bearing and wind load requirements of the building's exterior walls.

[0012] 2. Significantly improved thermal insulation performance: The node slots block the thermal bridge at the junction through the air insulation cavity, increasing the thermal resistance of the area by 3-5 times; the thermal insulation filler (such as mineral wool or honeycomb) in the central hole further reduces heat conduction. Combined with the hollow structure of the block body, the overall thermal resistance R value of the block is effectively improved, eliminating the need for an additional insulation layer and reducing material and construction costs.

[0013] 3. Significant weight reduction effect: The opening of the central hole reduces the amount of solid material used in the block. Combined with lightweight insulation fillers such as honeycomb, the self-weight of the block is effectively reduced, the amount of transportation per unit trip is increased, and the transportation cost is effectively reduced. At the same time, the lightweight block reduces the load on the foundation, which can reduce the amount of foundation concrete and reduce the foundation construction cost. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a specific embodiment of the present utility model.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the block of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a top view structural diagram of the main body of the block of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a side view structural diagram of the main body of the block of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main body of the block of this utility model.

[0020] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1. Main block; 100. Exterior wall surface; 101. Interior wall surface; 2. Top rib; 3. Bottom groove; 4. Side rib; 5. Side groove; 6. Center hole; 7. Support structure; 70. Horizontal rib; 71. Vertical rib; 72. Intersection joint; 8. Node slot; 80. Main hole body; 81. Wing hole body; 9. Insulation filler. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. For ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0023] Block body 1 The main block 1 is a rectangular structure, adaptable to common modular dimensions in the construction industry. The preferred length is 200-400mm (e.g., 240mm, 300mm, 400mm), height is 100-200mm (e.g., 150mm, 200mm), and thickness is 150-300mm (e.g., 200mm, 250mm), which can be flexibly adjusted according to the thickness requirements of different building exterior walls. The main block 1 is made of concrete base material, to which reinforcing fibers such as glass fiber and carbon fiber can be added (0.5%-1.0%) to improve its compressive strength and crack resistance, ensuring that the compressive strength of the main block 1 is ≥15MPa, meeting the load-bearing requirements of building exterior walls.

[0024] The main body 1 of the block has an outer wall surface 100 and an inner wall surface 101: the outer wall surface 100 faces the external environment of the building and the surface is waterproofed (such as by applying a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof coating with a coating thickness of 0.8-1.2mm), which can effectively block rainwater penetration and prevent the wall from getting damp; the inner wall surface 101 faces the interior of the building and the surface is textured (roughness Ra is 6.3-12.5μm), which facilitates the tight bonding with decorative materials such as putty, latex paint or wallpaper during subsequent interior decoration and prevents the decorative layer from falling off. Preferably, the outer wall surface 100 and the inner wall surface 101 can also be provided with heat insulation grooves that penetrate the block along the left and right direction of the main body 1 of the block.

[0025] Interlocking mechanism The interlocking mechanism is used to achieve precise mortar-free assembly between adjacent blocks. It includes top rib 2, bottom groove 3, side rib 4 and side groove 5. The size and position of each component are precisely matched to ensure the integrity and stability of the wall after assembly.

[0026] Top Rib 2 and Bottom Groove 3: Top ribs 2 are located on the top surface of the block body 1, continuously distributed along the length of the top surface. 2-6 ribs can be set according to the block length (1 rib for block length ≤ 300mm, 2 ribs for length > 300mm, symmetrical to the central axis of the block body 1). The top rib 2 has a rectangular cross-section, with a width of 20-30mm (preferably 25mm) and a height of 10-15mm (preferably 12mm). The two ends of the top rib 2 are flush with the left and right sides of the block body 1 to avoid interference during assembly. Bottom groove 3 is located on the bottom surface of the block body 1, perfectly matching the position, number, and cross-sectional dimensions of the top rib 2—the depth of the bottom groove 3 is 10-15mm (consistent with the height of the top rib 2), and the width is 20-30mm (consistent with the width of the top rib 2). The length of the bottom groove 3 is the same as the length of the top rib 2, ensuring that when two adjacent blocks are assembled, the bottom groove 3 of the upper block can completely fit the top rib 2 of the lower block, achieving longitudinal positioning and fixation.

[0027] Side ribs 4 and side grooves 5: Side ribs 4 are located on the left side of the block body 1, continuously distributed along the height direction of the left side. One to two ribs can be provided (one rib for block thickness ≤ 200mm, two ribs for thickness > 200mm, symmetrical about the central axis of the block body 1). The cross-section of the side ribs 4 is trapezoidal or rectangular, with a width of 15-25mm (preferably 20mm), and a height consistent with the height of the block body 1. The upper and lower ends of the side ribs 4 are flush with the top and bottom surfaces of the block body 1. Side grooves 5 are located on the right side of the block body 1, perfectly matching the position, number, and cross-sectional dimensions of the side ribs 4—the depth of the side grooves 5 is 15-25mm (consistent with the width of the side ribs 4), the width is 15-25mm (consistent with the width of the side ribs 4), and the length is the same as the height of the side ribs 4. This ensures that when two adjacent blocks are assembled, the side groove 5 of the right block can completely fit the side rib 4 of the left block, achieving lateral positioning and fixation.

[0028] Through the longitudinal interlocking of the top rib 2-bottom groove 3 and the transverse interlocking of the side rib 4-side groove 5, adjacent blocks can be tightly connected without applying mortar. The gap at the joint of the assembled wall is ≤1mm, which not only avoids the waiting time for mortar to cure, but also prevents rainwater from seeping through the joint, and eliminates the thermal bridging effect caused by mortar.

[0029] Central institutions The central mechanism is located inside the block body 1 and is the core of achieving a balance between lightweighting and support strength. It includes the central hole 6 and the support structure 7, which are integrally formed with the block body 1 to ensure the integrity of the structure.

[0030] Center Hole 6: The center hole 6 runs through the entire block body 1 along the left-right direction (i.e., the length direction). One to two center holes can be set according to the dimensions of the block body 1 (one main center hole 6 when the block thickness is ≤200mm, and two symmetrically distributed secondary center holes 6 when the thickness is >200mm). Taking one main center hole 6 as an example, its cross-section is rectangular, with a width of 60%-80% of the length of the block body 1 (e.g., when the length of the block body 1 is 300mm, the width of the center hole 6 is 240mm), and a height of 70%-90% of the height of the block body 1 (e.g., when the height of the block body 1 is 150mm, the height of the center hole 6 is 120mm). The inner wall of the center hole 6 is parallel to the outer wall surface 100 and the inner wall surface 101 of the block body 1, and maintains a distance of 10-15mm from the top and bottom surfaces of the block body 1 (i.e., retaining the solid frame at the top and bottom to enhance the impact resistance of the block edges). The inclusion of center hole 6 can reduce the amount of solid material used in the blocks by 30%-40% and reduce the weight by 40%-60% (from 2200 kg / m² of traditional solid blocks). 3 Reduced to 900-1300 kg / m 3 This significantly reduces transportation costs and foundation load.

[0031] Support structure 7: The support structure 7 is set in the center hole 6 and integrally formed with the block body 1. It is used to compensate for the loss of block strength after the center hole 6 is opened. It includes horizontal ribs 70 and vertical ribs 71, which intersect to form a grid-like support system to ensure that the block has sufficient compressive and shear strength while reducing weight.

[0032] Horizontal Ribs 70: Horizontal ribs 70 are horizontally distributed along the inner and outer directions (i.e., the thickness direction) of the block body 1, with a quantity of 1-4 (adjusted according to the height of the central hole 6, such as 3 ribs when the height of the central hole 6 is 120mm). The spacing between adjacent horizontal ribs 70 is 50-80mm (preferably 60mm). The cross-section of the horizontal rib 70 is rectangular, with a width of 15-18mm (preferably 16mm) and a height consistent with the height of the central hole 6. The two ends of the horizontal rib 70 are connected to the inner walls of the left and right sides of the central hole 6, respectively, and are flush with the left and right sides of the block body 1, ensuring that the horizontal ribs 70 can evenly distribute the lateral load.

[0033] Vertical ribs 71: Vertical ribs 71 are distributed vertically along the vertical direction (i.e., the height direction) of the block body 1, with 3-5 ribs (adjusted according to the width of the central hole 6, such as 4 ribs when the width of the central hole 6 is 240mm). The spacing between adjacent vertical ribs 71 is 40-60mm (preferably 50mm). The cross-section of the vertical rib 71 is rectangular, with a width of 15-18mm (preferably 16mm) and a length consistent with the width of the central hole 6. The upper and lower ends of the vertical rib 71 are connected to the upper and lower inner walls of the central hole 6, respectively, and are flush with the top and bottom surfaces of the block body 1, ensuring that the vertical ribs 71 can evenly distribute the longitudinal load.

[0034] Intersection Point 72: When the horizontal rib 70 and the vertical rib 71 intersect, they form an intersection point 72. This intersection point is a rectangular block structure, and its size matches the cross-sectional size of the horizontal rib 70 and the vertical rib 71 (e.g., when the width of the horizontal rib 70 is 16mm and the width of the vertical rib 71 is 16mm, the size of the intersection point 72 is 16mm×16mm). The density of the solid material of the intersection point 72 is consistent with that of the main block 1. It is the "strength core" of the supporting structure 7 and ensures the stability of the grid-like support system.

[0035] Node slot 8 To address the problem of thermal bridging at the junction 72 in traditional blocks, this invention provides a node slot 8 at the junction 72. This slot extends through the junction 72 along the left-right direction of the block body 1, cutting off the continuous solid material of the junction 72 to form an air insulation cavity and block the heat transfer path.

[0036] The node slot 8 includes a main hole body 80 and a wing hole body 81, which are integrally formed and are independent of the center hole 6 (not connected to the center hole 6 to avoid affecting the strength of the supporting structure 7): Main Hole 80: The main hole 80 is elliptical in shape and is located at the center of the junction 72. Its major axis is distributed vertically, with a length of 25-35mm (preferably 30mm), and its minor axis is distributed horizontally, with a length of 15-25mm (preferably 20mm). The elliptical main hole 80 can avoid stress concentration—compared to a circular hole, an elliptical hole can better fit the rectangular structure of the junction 72. Compared to a square hole, the rounded transition of the elliptical hole can reduce stress concentration points under load and prevent the junction 72 from cracking.

[0037] Wing-shaped perforation 81: There are two wing-shaped perforations 81, symmetrically distributed at the upper and lower ends of the main perforation 80, and connected to the main perforation 80. The wing-shaped perforation 81 extends vertically towards the end of the vertical rib 71, and its cross-section is rectangular, with a length of 15-20 mm (preferably 18 mm) and a width of 8-12 mm (preferably 10 mm). The extended end of the wing-shaped perforation 81 can be arc-shaped (arc radius 4-6 mm) to further avoid stress concentration.

[0038] The total length of the node slot 8 is equal to the length of the block body 1 (the length of the block in the left-right direction). The inside of the slot is a static air cavity—the thermal conductivity of air is only 0.026 W / (m・K), far lower than that of concrete (0.8-1.2 W / (m・K). Therefore, the node slot 8 can increase the thermal resistance of the junction 72 area by 3-5 times, effectively blocking the heat flow along the penetration path of the junction 72 and solving the thermal bridging problem. At the same time, the opening position and size of the node slot 8 have been optimized through mechanical simulation to ensure that the junction 72 can still maintain sufficient compressive strength after losing part of the solid material (the compressive strength of the junction 72 is ≥12MPa, meeting the support requirements).

[0039] Thermal insulation filler 9 To further improve the thermal insulation performance of the blocks, thermal insulation filler 9 can be filled into the central hole 6. The thermal insulation filler 9 fits tightly against the inner wall of the central hole 6 without gaps and does not interfere with the node slot 8 (the node slot 8 is not filled, preserving its air insulation cavity). Depending on different application scenarios and cost requirements, the thermal insulation filler 9 can be selected from the following three types: Mineral wool filling: High-density mineral wool (density 30-50 kg / m³) is used. 3 40kg / m 3 The mineral wool is in roll or block form. During filling, it is cut to a shape matching the cross-sectional dimensions of the central hole 6 and inserted into the central hole 6 from one end of the main block 1, ensuring a tight fit between the mineral wool and the inner walls of the central hole 6, with a filling rate ≥98%. The thermal conductivity of mineral wool is approximately 0.03-0.04 W / (m・K), providing excellent thermal insulation and good sound absorption (noise reduction coefficient NRC≥0.6), reducing the transmission of outdoor noise into the interior. It is suitable for residential buildings, schools, and other buildings with high sound insulation requirements.

[0040] Cement foam filler: Lightweight cement foam (dry density 100-150 kg / m³) is used. 3 120kg / m 3The filling can be done in two ways: on-site foaming or precast blocks. For on-site foaming, cement foam raw materials (cement, foaming agent, and water mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.05:0.5) are injected into the central hole 6. After the foam cures (curing time 24-48 hours), it forms a filling body that completely fits the central hole 6. For precast blocks, factory-prefabricated cement foam blocks are cut and inserted into the central hole 6, with gaps filled with cement grout. The thermal conductivity of cement foam is approximately 0.05-0.06 W / (m·K), and it has good compatibility with the concrete matrix of the block body 1, further improving the overall compressive strength of the block (the compressive strength of the block increases by 10%-15% after filling). It is suitable for industrial plants, commercial complexes, and other buildings with high requirements for structural strength and thermal insulation.

[0041] Honeycomb filler: A honeycomb structure made of cardboard, plastic, metal or composite materials, with hexagonal cells and a side length of 10-20 mm (preferably 15 mm). The density of the honeycomb is 5-15 kg / m³. 3 (Preferred weight: 10 kg / m³) 3 The honeycomb structure can be prefabricated into an integral honeycomb block according to the size of the central hole 6. It is inserted into the central hole 6 from one end of the block body 1, and the upper and lower ends of the honeycomb are tightly attached to the horizontal ribs 70 (fixed with adhesive, which is epoxy resin adhesive with a bonding strength ≥2MPa). The thermal conductivity of the honeycomb is about 0.035-0.045W / (m・K). While ensuring thermal insulation performance, it can reduce the self-weight of the block to the greatest extent (compared to mineral wool filling, the self-weight can be reduced by 20%-30%), which is suitable for low-rise buildings, light steel structure buildings and other scenarios that are sensitive to foundation load.

[0042] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A building exterior wall block, comprising: The block body (1) has an outer wall surface (100) and an inner wall surface (101); The interlocking mechanism includes a top rib (2) and a bottom groove (3) respectively disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the block body (1), and a side rib (4) and a side groove (5) respectively disposed on the left and right surfaces of the block body (1). Its characteristic is that it further includes: A central mechanism is provided inside the block body (1), the central mechanism including a central hole (6) and a support structure (7) located inside the central hole (6); The central hole (6) penetrates the block body (1) along the left and right direction. The supporting structure (7) is integrally formed with the block body (1) and divides the central hole (6) into several parts.

2. The building exterior wall block according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting structure (7) also includes: Horizontal ribs (70) are provided in the central hole (6) and are horizontally distributed along the inner and outer directions of the block body (1); Vertical ribs (71), there are several vertical ribs (71), several vertical ribs (71) are arranged in the central hole (6) and evenly distributed along the inner and outer directions of the block body (1), the vertical ribs (71) are vertically distributed along the upper and lower directions of the block body (1). The vertical rib (71) and the horizontal rib (70) intersect each other and form a junction (72).

3. A building exterior wall block according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: Node slot (8) is provided at the intersection (72). The node slot (8) passes through the vertical rib (71) and the horizontal rib (70) at the intersection (72) along the left and right direction of the block body (1).

4. A building exterior wall block according to claim 3, characterized in that, The node slot (8) also includes: The main hole body (80) is elliptical in shape; The wing-shaped perforation (81) has two parts that are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main perforation (80), and the wing-shaped perforation (81) is connected to the main perforation (80). The wing hole body (81) extends vertically from the main hole body (80) towards the vertical rib (71).

5. A building exterior wall block according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Thermal insulation filler (9) is filled in the central hole (6).

6. A building exterior wall block according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thermal insulation filler (9) is mineral wool or cement foam.

7. A building exterior wall block according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thermal insulation filler (9) is a honeycomb structure made of cardboard, plastic, metal or composite material.

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