Device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops

Abstract

Device (1) for shredding and / or crushing crop residues (2) from row crops, in particular stubble embedded in the soil and provided with roots or stubble lying on the ground, wherein the device (1) has at least one vertically arranged stationary body (3) and at least one body (4) driven parallel to the at least one vertically arranged stationary body (3) and rotating about a horizontal axis, and a passage (5) for the crop residues (2) is arranged between the at least one vertically arranged stationary body (3) and the at least one driven body (4) rotating about a horizontal axis, the cross-section of which is at least partially narrower than the cross-section of the crop residues (2) passing through the passage (5),and wherein the vertically arranged stationary body (3) is a beam or a disc and that at least one further means (6) for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues (2) is arranged on the beam or disc.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops, in particular stubble that is firmly embedded in the soil and has roots or lies on the ground.

[0002] Crop residues, especially stubble stuck in the soil and still with roots or lying on the ground (with or without roots), must be destroyed after harvest in such a way that pests, such as the European corn borer in the case of corn stubble, cannot nest in the stubble and overwinter.

[0003] Successful mechanical destruction of stubble and other crop residues largely eliminates the need for environmentally harmful pesticides. For this reason, this topic receives considerable attention in agriculture.

[0004] To avoid using environmentally harmful pesticides, stubble in the soil must be destroyed or shredded as completely as possible. However, destroying and shredding the stubble is often difficult because some of it remains above ground, while the roots are underground. The amount of crop residue left in the field varies depending on the row crop. Similarly, different row crop types, such as corn varieties (silage corn and grain corn), leave different amounts of crop residue in the field.

[0005] Therefore, well-known machines such as the disc harrow, the chain disc harrow, the mulching machine or the knife roller machine are used to mechanically shred plant stubble after harvesting.

[0006] However, all these machines produce insufficient results, as they often only destroy a portion of the stubble. This leaves enough room for pests to survive.

[0007] US Patent 4,278,036 A discloses a rotary tiller with a plowshare positioned to engage the soil and excavate a trench in it.

[0008] The object of the invention is therefore to create a device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops, which can shred and / or crush stubble firmly embedded in the soil and equipped with roots, as well as stubble lying on the ground, with or without roots, more reliably and cost-effectively than known machines.

[0009] The problem is solved by a device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops, wherein the device has at least one vertically arranged stationary body and at least one body driven parallel to the at least one vertically arranged stationary body and rotating about a horizontal axis, and wherein a passage for the crop residues is arranged between the at least one stationary body and the at least one driven body rotating about a horizontal axis, the cross-section of which is at least partially narrower than the cross-section of the crop residues passing through the passage, and wherein the vertically arranged stationary body is a beam or a disc and that at least one further means for shredding and / or crushing the crop residues is arranged on the beam or disc.

[0010] It is provided that the device according to the invention is attached to a machine that is moved along the stubble to be removed, whether standing vertically or lying on the ground. For example, the device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues can be arranged on a rotary tiller, in particular a strip tiller. Strip tillers are machines or devices in which a plurality of tillers are arranged on one axis. Since tillers, and especially strip tillers, are equipped with rotating blades, they are particularly well suited for use in the present invention. With minimal effort, the existing machine can be converted by the farmer or agricultural machinery mechanic for stubble cultivation using the device according to the invention after the harvest. They are thus repurposed as stubble cultivation machines but can be easily converted back for sowing.

[0011] When the machine, equipped with the device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues, is guided along the harvested row crops, the crop residues, particularly the stubble, are directed to the passage between the stationary body and the driven body, which rotates around a horizontal axis. Since the

[0012] If the cross-section of the passage for the crop residues is narrower than the cross-section of the crop residues being processed, they will be crushed and shredded.

[0013] It is part of the invention that the device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues consists of at least one vertically arranged stationary body and at least one driven rotating body arranged parallel to it. The rotating body rotates about a horizontally arranged axis.

[0014] Accordingly, the device may consist of a vertically arranged stationary body and a driven body arranged parallel to it, rotating about a horizontal axis. This embodiment of the invention creates a passageway between the stationary body and the rotating body.

[0015] It is also provided that the device consists of a vertically arranged stationary body and two driven rotating bodies arranged parallel to it, wherein the vertically arranged stationary body is arranged between the parallel driven rotating bodies and the device thus includes two passages for the crop residues.

[0016] It is also conceivable that the device consists of two vertically arranged stationary bodies, with a driven body rotating around a horizontal axis between them. This arrangement of stationary bodies and driven rotating body provides the device with two passages for the crop residues.

[0017] The stationary body is a vertically arranged beam or a vertically arranged disk.

[0018] The beam or disc can, for example, be positioned between two cutting edges or knives (of a conventional or climb milling machine). The beam or disc is arranged between the milling cutters of the rotary tiller or strip milling machine in such a way that a bottleneck (passage) is created between the two cutters and the disc or beam, the cross-section of which is smaller, at least in some areas, than the cross-section of the stubble being processed.

[0019] Furthermore, according to the invention, at least one further means for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues is arranged on the beam or disc, at least on the side facing the at least one driven rotating body.

[0020] At least one other means for chopping and / or crushing the crop residues can be a knife, a block or a platform.

[0021] For example, at least one additional means for shredding and / or crushing the crop residues can be a stationary blade, a block of any shape, or a raised section in the form of a third of a shell, a half of a shell, or a full shell. If the at least one additional means is a raised section in the form of a third of a shell, a half of a shell, or a full shell, it is provided that the shell is designed as a bent sheet of metal or as a bent projection. Furthermore, the at least one additional means for shredding and / or crushing the crop residues can be manufactured integrally with the stationary body or subsequently permanently attached to the stationary body, for example, by welding, bolting, or riveting.

[0022] Different plants, such as corn, sugarcane, or reeds, have stems of varying thicknesses and therefore produce stubble of varying thicknesses after harvesting. If, for example, the stem of a stubble has a diameter of two centimeters, it is advantageous to allow the cross-section of the passage between the driven rotating body and the stationary body to be adjusted so that the cross-section is less than two centimeters in certain areas. Generally, the cross-section of the passage is designed to be adjustable. This is achieved, for example, by a locking mechanism that holds the driven rotating body at a preset distance from the stationary body.

[0023] In order to cover as many conceivable plants as possible, it is further provided that the cross-section of the passage between the stationary body and the driven rotating body is adjustable between 2 and 50 millimeters, preferably between 2 and 40 millimeters, even more preferably between 2 and 30 millimeters and most preferably between 2 and 20 millimeters.

[0024] An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the driven body rotating about a horizontal axis is a rotating disk on which at least one raised section and / or at least one cutting tool is arranged on each side facing the stationary body.

[0025] It is still conceivable that cutting tools are used which consist of several driven knives rotating in a circle.

[0026] Suitable cutting tools include knives, especially those commonly used in milling machines or strip milling machines.

[0027] The elevation and / or cutting tool are preferably made of steel or cast iron.

[0028] If the rotating disc is provided with raised sections, it is designed that at least portions of these raised sections pass close to the stationary body. This close gap is narrower than the passage for the crop residue. This arrangement ensures that the crop residue is crushed between the rotating disc with the raised sections and the stationary body, which also has at least one further means for shredding and / or crushing.

[0029] It is also possible that, instead of or in addition to the raised sections, cutting tools, such as fixed blades, are arranged on the rotating disc. The rotation of the fixed blades on the rotating disc cuts the crop residue passing through.

[0030] It is part of the invention that the at least one further means for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues and the at least one raised element and / or the cutting tool arranged on the rotating disc on the side facing the stationary body are arranged at different distances from the center of the rotating disc.

[0031] In all embodiments, the device according to the invention can be arranged on milling machines, strip tillers, or other agricultural machinery. It is also conceivable that several devices according to the invention can be arranged side by side. Depending on the number of devices according to the invention arranged side by side, one or more rows of crop residue can be processed simultaneously. It is provided that up to 36 devices can be arranged side by side. Advantageously, 1 to 24 devices are arranged side by side, preferably 1 to 18 devices, and particularly preferably 1 to 12 devices. Furthermore, it is provided that one device according to the invention is arranged on the milling machine or stubble cultivator for each stubble row. It is also conceivable that two devices according to the invention are arranged one behind the other (in the direction of travel) for each stubble row.

[0032] The problem is also solved by a device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops, in particular stubble embedded in the soil and equipped with roots, as well as stubble lying on the ground, with or without roots, wherein the device has at least one vertically arranged stationary body and at least one body driven parallel to the at least one stationary body and rotating about a horizontal axis, and wherein a passage for the crop residues is arranged between the at least one vertically arranged stationary body and the at least one driven body rotating about a horizontal axis, the cross-section of which is at least partially narrower than the cross-section of the crop residues passing through the passage, and wherein the driven body rotating about a horizontal axis is a rotating disc.on which at least one raised section and / or at least one cutting tool is arranged on each side facing the stationary body.

[0033] It is still conceivable that cutting tools are used which consist of several driven knives rotating in a circle.

[0034] Suitable cutting tools include knives, especially those commonly used in milling machines or strip milling machines.

[0035] The elevation and / or cutting tool are preferably made of steel or cast iron.

[0036] If the rotating disc is provided with raised sections, at least parts of these raised sections are designed to pass close to the stationary body. This close gap is narrower than the passage for the crop residue. This arrangement ensures that the crop residue is crushed between the rotating disc with the raised sections and the stationary body, which can be a disc or a beam.

[0037] It is also possible that, instead of or in addition to the raised sections, cutting tools, such as fixed blades, are arranged on the rotating disc. The rotation of the fixed blades on the rotating disc cuts the crop residue passing through.

[0038] For example, at least one additional means for shredding and / or crushing the crop residues can be a stationary blade, a block of any shape, or a third-shell. If the at least one additional means is a third-shell, it is provided that the third-shell is designed as a circularly bent sheet metal or as a bent projection. Furthermore, the at least one additional means for shredding and / or crushing the crop residues can be manufactured integrally with the stationary body or subsequently permanently attached to the stationary body, for example, by a welding process.

[0039] The object of the invention is also achieved by a method for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops, in particular stubble firmly embedded in the soil and provided with roots, as well as stubble lying on the ground, with or without roots, using the previously described device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues, comprising the steps a. Applying the device to the ground containing crop residues from row crops, b. Moving the device along the row of crop residues, causing the device to sink into the soil and the crop residues to pass through the passage, being crushed and / or pulverized.

[0040] The device penetrates the soil when guided along the stubble. This is achieved either by pressing the device into the ground or by attaching a cultivator tine or similar tool to the device or its stationary body, which is angled slightly downwards. As the machine moves forward, the cultivator tine, and thus part of the device, is pulled up to fifteen centimeters into the soil and guided within it.

[0041] By immersing the device in the soil containing crop residues, the stubble is captured at the roots below the soil surface. If the device according to the invention is also equipped with a cutting tool, the stubble can be cut deep at the root and fed into the crushing process.

[0042] An additional tool, for example a share, can be positioned in front of the device according to the invention or the machine equipped with the device according to the invention, which straightens lying stubble so that each stubble is caught by the device according to the invention. The device according to the invention can also be provided with a stone guard.

[0043] It is also provided that a feeding device, for example a clod remover, a funnel, a funnel-shaped sheet or a plow, can be arranged in front of the device according to the invention, so that in step b. of the method exposed stubble or crop residues are fed to the passage for the crop residues of the device according to the invention.

[0044] The device according to the invention can be used either above ground or immersed at least three to fifteen centimeters into the soil. This allows stubble to be grasped and crushed deep at the root and / or additionally cut or torn off.

[0045] The use of modified rotary tillers or strip tillers suitable for stubble cultivation is particularly advantageous. The rotating blades, immersed in the soil, cut the stubble at the root, simultaneously mixing the chopped crop residue with the soil and then covering the chopped crop residue with soil.

[0046] It is also possible to mount a freely rotating disc, for example a six-disc disc, in front of the device according to the invention for shredding and / or crushing crop residues. The disc makes it possible to cut exposed crop residues before they are fed into the device according to the invention. The pre-mounted, freely rotating disc prevents blockages in the device.

[0047] If there is a lot of crop residue on the field, a mulching roller or mulching mill can be attached in front of the device or machine equipped with the device, preferably in front of the towing vehicle, which shreds the crop residue as preparation.

[0048] It is also advantageously provided that the process of covering with soil (after crushing and / or squashing by the device according to the invention) is supported by means of a trailing packer roller or milling machine.

[0049] Crop residues are further shredded, buried underground, and the soil is leveled and compacted.

[0050] This intensive soil cultivation provides the ideal seedbed for sowing a new crop.

[0051] For this purpose, a seed drill can be attached directly after the stubble cultivation device according to the invention.

[0052] This allows crop residues to be mechanically destroyed in a single pass without the use of pesticides, after which reseeding can take place in the same pass. This saves working time, fuel, and machinery costs.

[0053] The invention will below be described in more detail with reference to, but not limited to, the drawings. The drawings show Fig. 1. A first embodiment of the device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops, in perspective view. Fig. 2 a vertically arranged stationary body with cultivator tines and other means for shredding and / or crushing a device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops, in perspective view, Fig. 3. A further embodiment of the device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops, in perspective view. Fig. 4. Further design of the device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops, in top view, Fig. 5 a vertically arranged stationary body of a further embodiment of the device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops, in perspective view, Fig. 6 A device for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops, in side view.

[0054] In Fig. Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the device 1 for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops, in particular standing or lying stubble firmly embedded in the soil and provided with roots, or stubble exposed on the ground, in a perspective view.

[0055] The device 1 comprises a vertically arranged stationary body 3 and two rotating bodies 4 driven parallel to the at least one stationary body 3. A passage for the crop residues 2 is arranged between the stationary body 3 and the driven rotating bodies 4 located on each side. The passage encompasses the entire free space between the stationary body 3 and the respective driven rotating body 4 arranged parallel to it.

[0056] Because additional means 6 and / or elevations or cutting tools 7b are arranged in the passage, the cross-section of the passage is narrower in some areas than the cross-section of the crop residues 2, here stubble, passing through the passage.

[0057] As shown, the vertically arranged stationary body 3 is a beam or a disc. On the side of the beam or disc facing the driven rotating body 4, a further means 6 for shredding and / or crushing the crop residues is arranged.

[0058] In the illustrated embodiment, the means 6 for crushing and / or smashing the crop residues is a raised section 6c, which is designed in the form of a third of a shell.

[0059] The further means 6 for shredding and / or crushing the crop residues, which is a raised section 6c in the form of a third of a bowl, and the cutting tools 7b arranged on the rotating disc 4 (on the side facing the stationary body 3) are arranged at different distances from the center point M of the rotating disc 4. Thus, they interlock and form the passage.

[0060] In Fig. Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the vertically arranged stationary body 3. Preferably, the vertically arranged stationary body 3 is made of cast steel or cast iron. The stationary body is shown with a cultivator tine 8. Furthermore, additional means 6 for shredding and / or crushing the crop residues are arranged on both sides of the stationary body. It is also possible to attach means to the stationary body that promote or channel the flow of stubble or other crop residues.

[0061] In Fig. Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of the device 1 for shredding and / or crushing crop residues 2 from row crops, in particular standing or lying stubble firmly embedded in the ground and provided with roots, or stubble exposed on the ground, in a perspective view.

[0062] The device 1 comprises a vertically arranged stationary body 3 and two rotating bodies 4 driven parallel to the at least one stationary body 3, which rotate about an axis arranged horizontally relative to the ground. A passage for the crop residues 2 is arranged between the stationary body 3 and the driven rotating body 4 located on each side, which rotates about a horizontal axis. The passage encompasses the entire free space between the stationary body 3 and the respective driven rotating body 4 arranged parallel to it.

[0063] Because elevations 7 are arranged in the passage, the cross-section of the passage is narrower in some areas than the cross-section of the crop residues 2, here stubble, passing through the passage.

[0064] Since the device is mounted on an agricultural machine, which is driven along the crop residues of row crops (stubble rows), these stubbles are inevitably guided through the passage and crushed by the forward motion of the agricultural machine (for example, a rotary tiller). Because the machine moves in the direction of travel, new stubble is constantly being fed into the crushing and shredding process.

[0065] In Fig. Figure 4 shows a top view of the device 1 according to the invention for shredding and / or crushing crop residues 2 from row crops, in particular stubble firmly embedded in the soil and equipped with roots. The device 1 has a stationary body 3 and two bodies 4 driven parallel to the at least one stationary body 3 and rotating about a horizontal axis.

[0066] Between the stationary body 3 and the driven rotating body 4 located on each side, a passage 5 for the crop residues 2 is arranged. Each passage 5 encompasses the entire free space between the stationary body 3 and the parallel driven rotating body 4. Because sharp-edged protrusions 7a are arranged on the driven rotating body 4, the cross-section of the passage 5 is narrower in certain areas than the cross-section of the crop residues 2, in this case stubble, passing through the passage. Thus, the stubble 2 is crushed and cut when the device is guided along the stubble row by the machine's forward motion.

[0067] In Fig. Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the vertically arranged stationary body 3. Preferably, the vertically arranged stationary body 3 is made of cast steel or cast iron. The illustrated design of the vertically arranged stationary body 3 allows fallen stubble to be stood upright before entering the passage. The shape also allows stones to be deflected away from the passage.

[0068] In Fig. Figure 6 shows the second embodiment of the device 1 for shredding and / or crushing crop residues from row crops in a side view. The device 1 has a vertically arranged stationary body 3 and at least one (visible) body rotating about a horizontal axis relative to the at least one stationary body 3.

[0069] On the stationary body 3, a means 6 for crushing and / or smashing the crop residues is shown in the form of a triangular elevation.

[0070] The driven body, rotating about a horizontal axis, is a rotating disc. Three raised sections 7a are arranged on the side of the rotating disc facing the stationary body 3. The additional means 6 for shredding and / or crushing the crop residues and the three raised sections 7a on the rotating disc (on the side facing the stationary body 3) are positioned at different distances from the center point M of the rotating disc. Thus, they do not obstruct each other but promote the crushing process.

Claims

[1] Device (1) for shredding and / or crushing crop residues (2) from row crops, in particular stubble that is firmly rooted in the ground and has roots or stubble lying on the ground, wherein the device (1) comprises at least one vertically arranged fixed body (3) and at least one body (4) driven parallel to the at least one vertically arranged fixed body (3) and rotating about a horizontal axis, and between the at least one vertically arranged fixed body (3) and the at least one driven body (4) rotating about a horizontal axis, a passage (5) for the crop residues (2) is arranged, the cross-section of which is at least partially narrower than the cross-section of the crop residues (2) passing through the passage (5),and wherein the vertically arranged fixed body (3) is a bar or a disc and that at least one further means (6) for shredding and / or crushing the crop residues (2) is arranged on the bar or disc., [2] Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized by that the at least one further means (6) for shredding and / or crushing the crop residues (2) is a knife (6a), a block (6b) or an elevation (6c). [3] Device (1) according to claim 2, characterized by that the elevation (6c) is designed in the form of a third shell, a half shell or a whole shell. [4] Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized by in that the driven body (4) rotating about a horizontal axis is a rotating disc on which at least one elevation (7a) and / or at least one cutting tool (7b) is arranged on each side facing the fixed body (3). [5] Device (1) according to claim 4, characterized by that the at least one further means (6) for comminuting and / or crushing the crop residues (2) and the at least one elevation (7a) arranged on the rotating disc on the side facing the vertically arranged fixed body (3) and / or the cutting tool (7b) are arranged at a different distance from the center point (M) of the rotating disc. [6] Device (1) for shredding and / or crushing crop residues (2) from row crops, in particular stubble that is firmly rooted in the soil and has roots, or stubble lying on the ground, wherein the device (1) comprises at least one vertically arranged fixed body (3) and at least one body (4) driven parallel to the at least one vertically arranged fixed body (3) and rotating about a horizontal axis, wherein a passage (5) for the crop residues (2) is arranged between the at least one vertically arranged fixed body (3) and the at least one driven body (4) rotating about a horizontal axis, the cross-section of which passage (5) is at least partially narrower than the cross-section of the crop residues (2) passing through the passage (5), and wherein the driven body (4) rotating about a horizontal axis is a rotating disc,on each side facing the vertically arranged fixed body (3) at least one elevation (7a) and / or at least one cutting tool (7b) is arranged. [7] Method for shredding and / or crushing crop residues (2) from row crops, in particular stubble stuck in the ground and provided with roots or stubble lying on the ground, using the device (1) for shredding and / or crushing crop residues (2) according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps a. Applying the device (1) to the soil containing the crop residues (2) of row crops, b. Moving the device (1) along the row of crop residues (2), whereby the device (1) is immersed in the soil and the crop residues (2) pass through the passage (5) and are thereby shredded and / or crushed. [8] Method for shredding and / or crushing crop residues (2) of row crops according to claim 7, characterized by , that - prior to step a., a feeding device is arranged in front of the device (1), whereby during step b., stalks lying exposed on the ground are fed to the passage (5) for the harvest residues (2).

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