Formwork element, formwork, method and use

Abstract

The present invention relates to a formwork element (10) for the production of concrete components, comprising: at least one base element (11) with two opposing sliding surfaces (GF); at least two leg elements (12), each of which is movably arranged on one of the opposing sliding surfaces (GF) of the base element (11); at least two lever elements (13), wherein the lever elements (13) each engage at a first end region (E1) with one of the leg elements (12) and at a second end region (E2) with a movable actuating element (14) of the base element (11); wherein the actuating element (11) and the lever elements (13) are operatively connected and configured such that when the actuating element (11) is moved from a first position to a second position, the leg elements (12) are moved along the sliding surfaces (GF) from a concreting position (BP) to a formwork removal position (AP).

Description

Field of invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a formwork element, a formwork and a method for concreting a concrete component using such a formwork element. background

[0002] Formwork for the production of concrete components or structures is generally known in the prior art. Such formwork can be used to create molds, for example, for ceilings, walls, or shafts, etc. Concrete can then be poured into these molds to produce a concrete component or the desired concrete structure. After the concrete has hardened, the formwork is usually removed and prepared for its next use.

[0003] In this context, it has become apparent that there is a further need to provide an improved formwork element, especially for concreting shaft-like structures.

[0004] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a formwork element. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for concreting a concrete component using such a formwork element, a formwork, and a use thereof.

[0005] These and other problems, which will be mentioned in the following description or which may be recognized by a person skilled in the art, are solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. The dependent claims further develop the central idea of ​​the present invention in a particularly advantageous manner. Summary of the invention

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention relates to a formwork element for the production of concrete components, comprising: at least one base element with two opposing sliding surfaces; at least two leg elements, each movably arranged on one of the opposing sliding surfaces of the base element; at least two lever elements, each lever element engaging at a first end region with one of the leg elements and at a second end region with a movable actuating element of the base element; wherein the actuating element and the lever elements are operatively connected and configured such that when the actuating element is moved from a first position to a second position, the leg elements are moved along the sliding surfaces from a concreting position to a formwork removal position.

[0007] For the purposes of this disclosure, formwork is understood to mean any element suitable for providing a mold for concreting, either individually or in combination with other elements. Formwork can be, for example, foundation formwork, wall formwork, column formwork, circular formwork, slab formwork, frame formwork, beam formwork, tunnel formwork, bridge formwork, special formwork, hand formwork, aluminum formwork, plastic formwork, or formwork for exposed concrete.

[0008] The base element can have a polygonal profile in cross-section. The base element preferably has a symmetrical geometry. For example, the base element can have an axisymmetrical geometry in cross-section. The sliding surfaces of the base element are arranged opposite each other. The term "opposite" is to be understood broadly here. Thus, the sliding surfaces can also be arranged at an angle to each other.

[0009] The leg elements are arranged on the sliding surfaces. In other words, one leg element is arranged on each sliding surface. Preferably, the leg elements rest against the sliding surfaces. In other words, contact, in particular a bearing, between the leg elements and the sliding surfaces can be at least partial, or fully surface-mounted. It is advantageous if the leg elements have a surface that corresponds to the sliding surfaces. The leg elements preferably rest against the corresponding sliding surfaces in such a way that the leg elements are movable in a direction parallel to the corresponding sliding surface and / or on the sliding surface. The leg elements are arranged in the concreting position for the production of a concrete component or structure. After the concrete has hardened, the leg elements are moved to the formwork removal position.The transfer of the leg elements from the concreting position to the formwork removal position and vice versa is carried out by the actuating element.

[0010] The actuating element is arranged on the base element. The actuating element can, in particular, be arranged within the base element. The actuating element is movably arranged on the base element. More precisely, the actuating element is preferably movable in an axial direction or in a longitudinal direction of the base element. The actuating element is preferably arranged parallel to the base element. The actuating element can be moved from the first position to the second position, preferably by applying a tensile force to the actuating element. The first position of the actuating element corresponds to the concreting position of the leg elements. The second position of the actuating element corresponds to the stripping position of the leg elements. This means that by moving the actuating element from the first position to the second position, the leg elements are moved from the concreting position to the stripping position.For this purpose, the actuating element is operatively connected to the leg elements via the lever elements.

[0011] The lever elements are preferably rotatably connected to the actuating element and the leg elements. The lever elements enable force or motion transmission from the actuating element to the leg elements. The lever elements can, for example, comprise a flat body. The lever elements are preferably made of a metal, for example, steel.

[0012] The formwork element according to the present invention makes it possible to detach the leg elements from a concrete component or structure without damaging the concrete component or structure. In particular, the leg elements can be moved away from the concrete component via the sliding surfaces of the base element, the movement of the leg elements being initiated by the movement of the actuating element from the first position to the second position.

[0013] The formwork element according to the present invention further has the advantage that it allows positioning of the formwork element in the planar wall area. Lower fresh concrete forces occur locally in the wall area, as these can only act from one side. This results in lower fixed loads or tension in the element / mechanism. In addition, the wall positioning facilitates the penetration of the formwork anchors into the reinforcement, since the reinforcement density is generally lower here than in the corner area. Releasing the formwork element away from the concrete wall, in conjunction with standard corner elements or angle elements, ensures reliable formwork release – especially in corner areas. Furthermore, the formwork element allows for its removal after the concrete has hardened without requiring a person to enter the shaft.

[0014] In one embodiment, the lever elements are guided in a guide on the side of the leg elements such that when the actuating element is moved from the first position to the second position, the lever elements are guided from the first position to the second position within the guide. The guide can, for example, be designed as a slotted guide. Alternatively, the guide can comprise a rail or a groove with undercuts. The guide preferably has a slope to facilitate lifting the leg elements or longitudinal movement of the leg elements.

[0015] In one embodiment, the guide is designed as a linear hole guide. For example, the linear hole guide includes a linear slope. This makes it possible for the leg elements to be lifted and moved away from the fresh concrete wall simultaneously. During both lifting and moving away from the concrete wall, the leg elements move along the sliding surfaces of the base element.

[0016] In one embodiment, the guide comprises a cam track. For example, the guide can comprise a slotted guide, wherein the slotted guide includes a circular arc geometry as a cam track. Such a cam track can influence the movement of the leg elements when they detach from the concrete component.

[0017] In one embodiment, the lever elements are provided at opposite positions on the base element and the leg elements. The oppositely arranged lever elements can also be referred to as lever element pairs.

[0018] In one embodiment, several lever elements are distributed at opposite positions on the base element and the leg elements. In particular, several pairs of lever elements are provided on the base element and on the leg elements. This allows for a more uniform force transmission and consequently better release of the leg elements from a concrete component. In one embodiment, the guides of the opposing lever elements or the pairs of lever elements are designed to correspond.

[0019] In one embodiment, the actuating element is designed as a pull rod. The pull rod is preferably arranged within the base element. In other words, the pull rod extends inside the base element. The pull rod is preferably arranged longitudinally parallel to a longitudinal axis of the base element. The pull rod is preferably configured to be subjected to a tensile force. In particular, the pull rod is configured to be moved from the first position to the second position by applying a tensile force. In one embodiment, the actuating element is designed as a square steel bar. Other cross-sectional geometries, such as polygonal or round, are also conceivable. Both round and polygonal cross-sections can be made of solid material or hollow profiles.

[0020] In one embodiment, the pull rod is configured to engage with a mechanical, hydraulic, and / or electrical drive unit to move the pull rod from the first position to the second position. A combination of these drive units is also conceivable. For example, the pull rod can include a coupling section at an axial end for connecting to a drive unit.

[0021] In one embodiment, the base plates of the leg elements form a plane with a base plate of the base element in the first position of the actuating element, and / or the base plates of the leg elements are offset from the base plate of the base element in the second position of the actuating element. In other words, the leg elements, in particular the base plates of the leg elements, are raised in the second position of the actuating element or in the disengaged position of the leg elements.

[0022] In one embodiment, the offset of the leg elements in the second position of the actuating element or the stripping position of the leg elements between the base plates of the leg elements and the base plate of the base element is between 10 and 25 mm, preferably between 12 and 18 mm. This prevents the base plates of the leg elements from rubbing or sliding across a floor surface when moving the leg elements from the concreting position to the leg position.

[0023] In one embodiment, the base element has a triangular cross-section. Preferably, the cross-section of the base element has an isosceles triangular geometry. Particularly preferably, the cross-section of the base element has the geometry of an isosceles right triangle.

[0024] In one embodiment, the sliding surfaces are arranged on the outer sides of the legs of the triangular, in particular isosceles and right-angled, base element. The leg elements are arranged on the leg surfaces of the base element. That is, the leg elements slide on the leg surfaces from the concreting position to the formwork removal position. In other words, the leg surfaces correspond to the sliding surfaces.

[0025] In one embodiment, a base or a base side of the isosceles right-angled triangle of the base element and the leg elements form a flat surface in the first position of the actuating element or the concreting position of the leg elements, and / or the base of the isosceles right-angled triangle and the leg elements are arranged offset from each other in the second position of the actuating element or the formwork removal position of the leg elements.

[0026] In one embodiment, the base of the triangle, in particular the isosceles right triangle, and the leg elements are offset from each other by 20 to 50 mm, preferably by 30 to 40 mm, and particularly preferably by 36 to 39 mm, in the second position of the actuating element. This allows a sufficiently large distance to be achieved to remove the formwork element in the stripping position without damaging the concrete component or structure.

[0027] In one embodiment, the formwork element further comprises a steel formwork skin. A steel formwork skin is easy to clean and, due to its mechanical properties, can be reused multiple times. Alternatively, formwork skins made of other, for example, less expensive, materials such as wood can also be used.

[0028] In one embodiment, the base element and the leg elements are arranged along a longitudinal axis such that they form a flat surface. In particular, the base element and the leg elements form a flat surface in the concreting position. The flat surface faces the concrete or fresh concrete.

[0029] The longitudinal direction is understood to be a direction that, in the assembled state of the formwork element, runs essentially parallel to the direction of gravity.

[0030] In one embodiment, the base element and the leg elements in the first position of the actuating element have a transverse length of between 40 and 80 cm, preferably between 50 and 70 cm, and particularly preferably 60 cm. The transverse direction is understood to be a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.

[0031] In one embodiment, the formwork element has a longitudinal length of between 1.00 m and 4.00 m, preferably 1.20 m, 2.70 m, 3.00 m, 3.30 m or 3.60 m. This allows for different heights, particularly for shafts.

[0032] In one embodiment, the formwork elements can be stacked on top of each other, and the actuating elements of the formwork elements can be engaged. This means that several formwork elements can be stacked to create a structure that is longer or taller in the longitudinal direction. This is particularly advantageous for concrete shafts. The actuating elements can be connected in such a way that moving the first or uppermost actuating element in the longitudinal direction also actuates the other actuating elements, allowing the formwork elements to be moved from the concreting position to the stripping position and the stacked formwork elements to be removed together.

[0033] In one embodiment, the base element and / or the leg elements have a wall thickness between 15 and 80 cm, preferably between 15 and 40 cm and particularly preferably 25 cm.

[0034] In one embodiment, the leg elements are designed to be connected to further formwork elements. Specifically, the leg elements are designed to be connected to further leg elements of other formwork elements. This allows for the formation of a closed formwork structure and the production of a closed concrete structure. Alternatively, the formwork elements can be extended with additional components, such as angle elements or slab elements. This enables the production of various types of concrete components with minimal effort.

[0035] In one embodiment, the leg elements comprise anchor tubes and anchor plates. The anchor tubes and anchor plates are advantageous for connecting an outer formwork for a concrete structure to be produced with an inner formwork. At least the inner formwork preferably comprises a formwork element of the present invention. In one embodiment, the leg elements comprise connection elements designed for attaching connecting and fixing means (e.g., locking elements) to connect the formwork element to adjacent formwork elements. In this way, it is possible to provide formwork for different concrete components.

[0036] In one embodiment, the base of the formwork element is not located in the corner areas of a concrete component when installed. This is advantageous because corner areas are particularly susceptible to damage during the construction of concrete structures. It is therefore especially advantageous if the formwork element is located in a planar wall area.

[0037] In one embodiment, the formwork element is a shaft element for concreting a shaft. The formwork element is particularly well-suited for concreting shafts because the formwork elements can be assembled and removed from inside the shaft without manual labor.

[0038] One possible aspect of the invention relates to a formwork for concreting a shaft, comprising: at least four formwork elements according to one of the preceding embodiments, forming an inner formwork arrangement, and four further formwork elements, forming an outer formwork arrangement. The formwork elements forming the inner formwork arrangement may differ from the further formwork elements forming the outer formwork arrangement. The space formed between the inner and outer formwork arrangements constitutes a mold for the shaft.

[0039] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for casting a concrete component, comprising: providing at least one formwork element according to one of the preceding claims and forming a mold into which concrete can be poured, wherein the actuating element of the formwork element is arranged in the first position; pouring concrete into the formed mold and curing the concrete component; moving the actuating element of the base element from the first position to the second position, so that the base plates of the leg elements lift off the ground and the leg elements are moved away from the concrete component along the sliding surfaces of the base element.

[0040] Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a base element, a leg element, a drive and / or an actuating element in a formwork element according to one of the preceding embodiments. Description of a preferred embodiment

[0041] Further features, advantages, and applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, the exemplary embodiment, and the figures. These show: Fig. 1 a perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention; Fig. 2 a top view of the formwork element according to Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a perspective view of the formwork element according to Fig. 1; Fig. 4 a top view of the formwork element according to Fig. 3; Fig. 5 a perspective view of a further embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention; Fig. 6 a top view of the formwork element according to Fig. 5 in the assembled state; Fig. 7 a front view of the formwork element according to Fig. 5 in the assembled state; Fig. 8 a top view of the formwork element according to Fig. 5 in the assembled state; Fig. 9 a top view of the formwork element according to Fig. 5 in the assembled state; Fig. 10 a schematic view of different embodiments of a formwork element according to the invention; Fig. 11. A top view of a formwork; Fig. 11b a further top view of the formwork according to Fig. 11a; and Fig. 12 a perspective view of an exemplary assembly of an embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention.

[0042] In the figures, identical components are marked with the same reference symbols.

[0043] Fig. 1 and Fig. Figure 2 shows a possible embodiment of a formwork element 10 according to the invention. The formwork element 10 comprises a base element 11 and two leg elements 12.

[0044] The base element 11 has a triangular geometry. More precisely, the cross-section of the base element 11 has a triangular geometry. This means that the end faces of the base element 11 comprise an essentially triangular area. The cross-section of the base element 11 has an isosceles and right-angled triangular geometry. The base element 11 extends in a longitudinal direction. By longitudinal direction, we mean a direction orthogonal to the triangular cross-section of the base element 11. In the assembled state of the formwork element 10, the longitudinal direction means a direction that is essentially parallel to the direction of gravity.

[0045] The base element 11 has a base surface. The base surface is formed by the base of the triangular profile of the base element 11 in cross-section. The base surface faces the formwork element 10 of the concrete component to be produced.

[0046] The base element 11 has two leg surfaces. These leg surfaces form an edge that extends along the longitudinal direction of the base element 11. In its assembled state, the edge of the base element 11 faces away from the concrete component to be produced. The two leg surfaces form a right angle. More precisely, the edge forms a right angle. Alternatively, other angles are possible. The angle can be chosen to allow for the desired movement of the leg elements 12.

[0047] The leg surfaces are formed by the legs of the triangular profile of the base element 11. The leg elements 12 are movably arranged on the leg surfaces. The leg surfaces are referred to below as sliding surfaces GF.

[0048] The leg elements 12 have a concreting surface. During operation of the formwork element, the concreting surface faces the concrete component to be produced. The formwork element 10 is in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 2 are arranged in a concreting position. This means that the concreting surfaces of the leg elements 12 are arranged on the same plane together with the base surface of the base element 11, or form a single plane. The concreting surfaces and base surface can also be referred to as the outer surfaces of the formwork element 10.

[0049] The leg elements 12 have several reinforcing structures 19. In the assembled state of the formwork element 10, the reinforcing structures 19 are arranged on a surface facing away from the concrete component to be produced. The reinforcing structures 19 are arranged on a surface facing away from the outer surfaces. In other words, the reinforcing structures 19 are arranged on an inner surface of the formwork element 10. The reinforcing structures 19 preferably comprise struts or profiles.

[0050] The reinforcement structures 19 comprise several contact elements 20. Each contact element 20 has a contact surface 21 that is inclined to correspond to the sliding surface GF. The leg elements 12 rest with their contact surfaces 21 against a corresponding sliding surface GF of the base element 11. The contact surfaces 21 and the sliding surfaces GF are designed to correspond such that the base surface of the base element 11 and the concreting surfaces of the leg elements 12 are aligned parallel to each other.

[0051] The reinforcement structures 19 further comprise an anchor tube 17 and an anchor plate 18 at certain intervals. The formwork element 10 can be connected to another formwork element, in particular an outer formwork, for example to provide a mold for a shaft, by means of the anchor tube 17.

[0052] The base element 11 has an actuating element 14. The actuating element 14 is designed as a pull rod. The pull rod has a rectangular cross-section and is, for example, made of square steel. The actuating element 14 is guided in the base element 11. The actuating element 14 is movable in the longitudinal direction of the base element 11. The actuating element 14 is arranged in the base element 11 such that one edge of the actuating element 14 is aligned with the right angle of the triangular geometry of the base element 11. In other words, two surfaces of the actuating element 14 are parallel to the sliding surfaces GF of the base element 11.

[0053] The actuating element 14 further comprises a coupling section at one axial end. The coupling section is designed to connect the actuating element 14 to a drive, for example, a mechanical and / or hydraulic and / or electric drive. In particular, this makes it possible to stack two or more formwork elements to achieve a greater overall height.

[0054] The formwork element 10 has lever elements 13. The lever elements 13 are connected to the actuating element 14 and the leg elements 12. In other words, each lever element 13 connects the actuating element 14 to one of the leg elements 12. More precisely, the lever elements 13 are connected at a first end region E1 to the actuating element 14 and at a second end region E2 to one of the formwork elements 12. The lever elements 13 are connected to the actuating element 14 and the leg elements 12 in such a way that the lever elements 13 cannot absorb rotational forces. In other words, the lever elements 13 are rotatably connected to the actuating element 14 and the leg elements 12. For this purpose, each lever element 13 includes a bore in the first end region E1 and a bore in the second end region E2.The bores are provided with connecting means, such as screws and / or bolts, to connect the lever elements 13 to the actuating element 14 and the leg elements 12.

[0055] The lever elements 13 have a flat shape or are designed as flat bodies. The term "flat" means that the thickness or extent of the lever elements 13 in a transverse direction is significantly smaller than their extent in a longitudinal direction. The longitudinal direction of the lever element 13 is the direction with its longest extent. The transverse direction is a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.

[0056] The first end region E1 is wider in a transverse direction than the second end region E2. In other words, the first end region E1 of the lever elements 13 has a widened section. The widened section reinforces the lever elements 13 to absorb forces occurring during operation.

[0057] The lever elements 13 all have the same shape or geometry. Alternatively, different lever elements 13 are conceivable. It is advantageous if at least opposing lever elements 13 are identical.

[0058] Two opposing lever elements 13 are each arranged symmetrically to each other along an axis. The axis of symmetry is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the actuating element 14 or may correspond to the longitudinal axis of the actuating element 14.

[0059] The lever elements 13 are arranged on the formwork element 10 such that one surface of the lever elements 13 is arranged on the actuating element 14 and one surface opposite this surface is arranged on the leg element 12.

[0060] The base element 11 comprises two guides 15 arranged on the sliding surfaces. The guides 15 can also be referred to as guide holes. The guide holes are designed as elongated slots. A connecting element 22 is arranged in each of the guide holes 15. The connecting element 22 serves to connect the lever elements 13 to one of the leg elements 12. The connecting element 22 can be, for example, a screw or a bolt. The guide holes 15 have a slope. The slope is positive in the direction of the edge of the base element 11. Alternatively or additionally, the guide holes can include a cam, for example, with an arc-shaped geometry.

[0061] The actuating element 14 and the lever elements 13 are arranged in a first position in this case. The lever elements 13, together with the actuating element 14, each form an angle of approximately 90°. Deviations of + / -10% are possible. This angular position creates a toggle-lever effect which, in the first position (at its dead center), independently of any situation-dependent formwork anchoring, locks / secures the leg elements against an automatic (uncontrolled) stripping movement caused by the fresh concrete pressure.

[0062] The first position of the actuating element 14 and the lever elements 13 corresponds to the concreting position of the leg elements 12. The actuating element 14 and the lever elements 13 are designed to be moved from the first position to a second position. The actuating element 14 is moved from the first position to the second position by moving it longitudinally along the base element 11. More precisely, the actuating element 14 is moved upwards during operation. For example, the actuating element 14 can be subjected to a tensile force. "Upwards" here refers to a direction essentially parallel to the direction of gravity. By moving the actuating element 14 to the second position, the leg elements 12 are moved into a formwork removal position.

[0063] In Fig. 3 and in Fig. 4 are the leg elements 12 of the formwork element 10 made of Fig. Figure 1 shows the formwork removal position. This means that the actuating element 14 and the lever elements 13 are arranged in the second position. In the formwork removal position, the concreting surfaces of the leg elements 12 are set back from the base surface of the base element 11. More precisely, the concreting surfaces of the leg elements 12 are set back towards the edge formed by the converging sliding surfaces GF.

[0064] The actuating element 14 is displaced in the second position longitudinally, in particular upwards. The lever elements 13 enable the movement of the actuating element 14 to be transmitted to the leg elements 12 in order to move the leg elements 12 into the off position.

[0065] When the actuating element 14 is moved, its axial movement is transmitted via the lifting elements 13 to the leg elements 12 in such a way that the leg elements 12 are moved simultaneously in three directions. The leg elements 12 are moved away from the concrete structure to be produced. In other words, the leg elements 12 are moved in a direction orthogonal to the base surface 11. Additionally, the leg elements 12 are moved towards each other. Furthermore, the leg elements 12 are raised longitudinally. The simultaneous raising of the leg elements 12 longitudinally of the base element 11 is made possible by the guide hole 15 in the base element 11. The movement of the leg elements 12 towards each other and in a direction perpendicular to the base surface is enabled by the inclined sliding surfaces GF of the base element 11.

[0066] The leg elements 12 are moved on the sliding surfaces GF. This means that the leg elements 12 remain in contact with the sliding surfaces GF via the contact surfaces 21 during the transition from the concreting position to the stripping position.

[0067] In the second position, the lever elements 13, together with the actuating element 14, form an angle approximately less than 45°. Deviations of + / - 10% are possible. More precisely, the angle formed is smaller than in the first position.

[0068] Fig. Figure 5 shows another embodiment of a formwork element 10. The basic structure of the formwork element in Fig. Figure 5 corresponds to the embodiment described above. The formwork element 10 has 8 reinforcing structures 19. An anchor tube 17 with an anchor plate 18 is arranged on each of the reinforcing structures 19 from above and below.

[0069] Fig. Figure 5 further shows an angle element 23. The angle element 23 is designed to be connectable to one of the leg elements 12. Different angle elements are possible to create different angles. When connected to a leg element 12, the angle element 23 moves along with the leg elements 12 as they are transferred from the concreting position to the formwork removal position.

[0070] The Fig. Figures 6 to 9 illustrate an example of the process of transferring the leg elements 12 of the formwork element 10 from the concreting position to the stripping position. The formwork element 10 in the Fig. Figures 6-9 essentially correspond to the embodiment described above. It should be noted that an outer formwork is not shown in the following figures.

[0071] Fig. Figure 6 shows a top view of the formwork element 10. The formwork element 10 rests against a concrete component 25. In other words, the formwork element 10 was used to produce the concrete component 25, so that the formwork element 10 is in Fig. 6 is still in the concreting position. In order to remove the formwork element 10, the formwork element 10 is moved from the concreting position to the stripping position. For this purpose, the actuating element 14 is subjected to a tensile force in a longitudinal direction.

[0072] Fig. Figure 7 shows a view of the retrieval of the formwork element 10. It is shown that the leg elements 12, in particular the base plates 16 of the leg elements 12, are lifted from a ground 26. The base element 11 is not lifted and is in Fig. 7 still in contact with the ground 26. The base element 11 is preferably lifted only when the leg elements 12 are fully in the stripping position. The foot plates 16 are understood to be the lower longitudinal end faces of the leg elements 12 during the use of the formwork element 10. Lifting the leg elements 12 has the advantage that the foot plates 16 do not drag on the ground and become damaged. Furthermore, frictional forces caused by ground contact are reduced. This can improve or increase the service life of the formwork element 10. The lifting of the leg elements 12 is shown schematically by the arrows.

[0073] In Fig. Figure 8 shows the movement of the leg elements 12 away from the manufactured concrete component 25. More precisely, the leg elements 12 are detached from the manufactured concrete component 25. The base surface of the base element 11 is in contact with the manufactured concrete component 25 and forms a bearing surface. This facilitates the movement of the leg elements 12 away from the manufactured concrete component 25, as the base element 11 is supported against a wall of the concrete component 25. The direction in which the base element 11 moves against the manufactured concrete component 25 and the leg elements 12 move away from the concrete component 25 is schematically represented by arrows.

[0074] Fig. Figure 9 shows the movement of the leg elements 12 towards each other. The movement of the leg elements 12 towards each other is schematically represented by the arrows shown. Fig. Figure 9 shows the leg elements 12 in the stripping position. This means that the formwork element 10 can be removed from the manufactured concrete component 25.

[0075] The movement of the leg elements 12 towards each other, as well as the movement of the leg elements 12 away from the concrete component, is made possible by the triangular cross-sectional geometry of the base element 11. The longitudinal movement is effected by the actuating element 14, which is also moved longitudinally when it is transferred from the first position to the second position.

[0076] The opposing inclined sliding surfaces GF move the leg elements 12 towards each other and away from the concrete component. The movement of the actuating element 14 is transferred to the leg elements 12 via the lever elements 13, which, in combination with the sliding surfaces GF of the base element 11, enables the leg elements 12 to move in three directions.

[0077] Fig. Figure 10 shows that the formwork element 10 is modularly expandable. For example, the formwork element 10 can be enlarged or extended with additional formwork panels or wall elements that are attached to the leg elements 12. Alternatively or additionally, the formwork element 10 can be connected to one or more angle elements 23. Furthermore, several formwork elements 10 can be arranged side by side and connected to each other. This makes the formwork element 10 versatile and highly adaptable. The formwork element 10 can be adapted to different conditions and requirements without much effort.

[0078] The Fig. 11a and Fig. Figure 11b shows a possible use of formwork element 10. It should be noted here that the outer formwork necessary for forming the concrete structures is not shown. The formwork, which is included in the Fig. 11a and Fig. Figure 11b shows that the formwork comprises four formwork elements 10, each formwork element 10 having an angle element 23. Fig. 11a the formwork elements 10 are arranged in the concreting position. In Fig. In section 11b, the formwork elements 10 are arranged in the stripping position. It can be seen that in Fig. 11b in contrast to Fig. 11a only the base element 11 is still in contact with the manufactured concrete wall. In other words, in Fig. 11b between the manufactured concrete wall and in the formwork element 10 a substantially circumferential gap is formed between the formwork element 10 and the concrete wall.

[0079] Fig.Figure 12 shows a possible assembly sequence for the shaft element 10 to provide formwork for a shaft. In a first step, angle elements 23 are attached to the leg elements 12 of two formwork elements 10. Planar formwork walls 24 are attached to two further formwork elements 10. The outward-facing surfaces of the formwork walls 24, together with the concreting surfaces of the leg elements 12, form a plane. Subsequently, in a second step, the pre-assembled shaft elements 10 are first assembled into two shaft half-shells (in the second step, the base element 11 is only partially shown). Then, in a third step, the two half-shells are joined together to form a complete shaft. In a fourth step, the two half-shells are then firmly connected to each other using connecting locks. Finally, in a fifth step, the completed formwork is fixed from the outside by means of anchors.For this purpose, for example, anchor rods can be used which engage in anchor tubes 17 in the formwork elements 10.

[0080] The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, as long as it is encompassed by the subject matter of the following claims.

[0081] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising" and "comprising" do not exclude other elements or steps, and that the indefinite articles "a" or "an" do not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, it should be noted that features or steps described with reference to the embodiments above may also be used in combination with other features. Reference symbol list E1 first end area E2 second end area GF sliding surface 10 formwork elements 11 Basic element 12 leg element 13 lever elements 14 Actuating element 15 Leadership 16 Footplate 17 Anchor tube 18 Anchor plate 19 reinforcement structures 20 contact elements 21 Contact area 22 Fasteners 23 Corner element 24 formwork wall 25 concrete components 26 Floor

Claims

[1] Formwork element (10) for the production of concrete components, comprising: at least one base element (11) with two oppositely arranged sliding surfaces (GF); at least two leg elements (12), each of which is movably arranged on one of the opposite sliding surfaces (GF) of the base element (11); at least two lever elements (13), wherein the lever elements (13) are each engaged at a first end region (E1) with one of the leg elements (12) and at a second end region (E2) with a movable actuating element (14) of the base element (11); wherein the actuating element (11) and the lever elements (13) are operatively connected and configured such that when the actuating element (11) is moved from a first position to a second position, the leg elements (12) are moved along the sliding surfaces (GF) from a concreting position (BP) to a striking position (AP). [2] Formwork element (10) according to claim 1, wherein the lever elements (13) on the side of the leg elements (12) are guided in a guide (15) such that when the actuating element (14) is moved from the first position to the second position, the lever elements (13) are guided in the guide (15) from a first position to a second position. [3] Formwork element (10) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the lever elements (13) are provided at opposite positions on the base element (11) and the leg elements (12). [4] Formwork element (10) according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the hole guides (15) of the opposite lever elements (13) are designed correspondingly. [5] Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the hole guide is designed as a linear hole guide and / or as a slide track. [6] Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuating element (14) is designed as a pull rod. [7] Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein base plates (16) of the leg elements (12) form a plane with a base plate (16) of the base element (11) in the first position of the actuating element (14) and / or the base plates (16) of the leg elements (12) are arranged offset from the base plate (16) of the base element in the second position of the actuating element (14). [8] Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base element (11) has a triangular cross-section. [9] Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base of the isosceles right-angled triangle and the leg elements (12) form a flat surface in the first position of the actuating element and / or the base of the isosceles right-angled triangle and the leg elements are arranged offset from one another in the second position of the actuating element (14). [10] Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base element (11) and the leg elements (12) are arranged along a longitudinal axis such that they form a flat surface. [11] Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the formwork elements (10) can be arranged one above the other and the actuating elements (14) of the formwork elements (10) can be brought into operative engagement with one another. [12] Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the leg elements (12) comprise at least one anchor tube (17) and at least one anchor plate (18). [13] Formwork for concreting a shaft comprising: at least four formwork elements (10) according to one of the preceding claims, which form an inner formwork, and four further formwork elements which form an outer formwork. [14] A method for concreting a concrete component, comprising: Providing at least one formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims and forming a casting mold into which concrete can be introduced, wherein the actuating element (14) of the formwork element (10) is arranged in the first position; Pouring concrete into the formed mold and curing the concrete component; Moving the actuating element (14) of the base element (11) from the first position to the second position so that the foot plates (16) of the leg elements (12) lift off the ground and the leg elements (12) are moved away from the concrete component along the sliding surfaces of the base element (11). [15] Use of a base element (11), a leg element (12), a drive and / or an actuating element (14) in a formwork element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 13

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