Mobile hydrogen distribution station

Abstract

Mobile Hydrogen Dispensing Station This description relates to a mobile hydrogen dispensing station (1) comprising a trailer (2), an enclosure (5) attached to the trailer (2), and, within the enclosure (5): – at least one hydrogen storage and dispensing unit; – at least one venting unit; – at least one hydrogen compression unit; and – a nitrogen cleaning and testing unit. Figure for the abstract: Fig. 1A

Description

Title of the invention: Mobile hydrogen distribution station technical field

[0001] This description relates generally to hydrogen distribution systems, more particularly to mobile hydrogen distribution stations. Prior art

[0002] Mobile hydrogen distribution stations have been proposed. These stations are, for example, intended to be transported from a garage or storage location to a hydrogen vehicle refueling location, where the station is temporarily immobilized, for example from a few days to a few months depending on the application, before being returned to its garage location or transported to another refueling location.

[0003] However, existing mobile hydrogen distribution stations suffer from various disadvantages. Summary of the invention

[0004] There is a need to improve existing mobile hydrogen distribution stations.

[0005] To this end, one embodiment provides for a mobile hydrogen distribution station comprising a trailer, an enclosure attached to the trailer and, inside the enclosure: - at least one hydrogen storage and distribution system; - at least one set of venting devices; - at least one hydrogen compression unit; and - a nitrogen cleaning and testing kit.

[0006] According to one embodiment, said at least one venting assembly is connected to a venting device of the mobile hydrogen distribution station.

[0007] According to one embodiment, each hydrogen storage and distribution unit is intended to be connected, via one of the venting units, to the venting device during transport of the mobile hydrogen distribution station.

[0008] According to one embodiment, each hydrogen storage and distribution assembly comprises a flexible hose, a first end of which is connected to a hydrogen tank and a second end of which, opposite the first end, is intended, for transport, to be connected to the venting device by one of the venting assemblies.

[0009] According to one embodiment, the hydrogen storage and distribution units are intended to be connected, by means of flexible hoses, to the same node during hydrogen supply from the mobile hydrogen distribution station.

[0010] According to one embodiment, the venting device comprises: - first and second sections of piping that can be fitted one inside the other; - a means of lifting; - a lifting plate connected to the lifting means by a cable; and - a locking device for the first and second sections.

[0011] According to one embodiment, the first section has a T-shape.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the lifting means is a winch.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the lifting plate comprises a first part, adapted to block the first and second sections in translation, and a second part, adapted to allow the plate to slide along the first and second sections.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the lifting means is adapted to lift an assembly comprising the first and second sections.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the station further comprises at least one pilot-operated valve allowing to bypass said at least one hydrogen compression assembly.

[0016] Furthermore, another embodiment provides for a method of detecting leaks on a hydrogen circuit of a hydrogen distribution station, the method comprising the following successive steps: a) inject a gas at a first pressure into a part of the circuit; b) isolate said part of the circuit from the rest of the circuit; (c) measure, by means of a pressure sensor connected to said part of the circuit, a second pressure in said part of the circuit; d) after a predetermined time, measure, using the pressure sensor connected to said part of the circuit, a third pressure in said part of the circuit; and e) if a difference between the second pressure and the third pressure is less than a first threshold, provide an operator with a leak detection signal in said part of the circuit.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the process further comprises, after step e), the following successive steps: f) isolate a first circuit portion of said part from a second circuit portion, distinct from the first circuit portion, of said part; (g) measure, by means of a pressure sensor connected to the first portion of the circuit, a fourth pressure in the first portion of the circuit; (h) After the predetermined time, measure, using the pressure sensor connected to the first section of the circuit, a fifth pressure in the first section of circuit; and i) if a difference between the fourth pressure and the fifth pressure is less than the first threshold, provide the operator with a leak detection signal in the first portion of the circuit.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises, in step i), providing a leak detection signal in the second portion of the circuit if the difference between the fourth and fifth pressures is greater than the first threshold.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the gas is nitrogen.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the first pressure is equal to approximately 10, 50, 100, 150 or 200 bars.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the gas is dihydrogen.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the duration is on the order of ten minutes.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the first threshold is between a few tenths of a bar and a few bars, for example equal to about one bar.

[0024] According to one embodiment, in the event of no leak detection in step e), steps a) to e) are repeated using, in step a), a sixth pressure higher than the first pressure.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises, prior to step a), a step consisting of carrying out electrical checks of the sensors and actuators of the hydrogen circuit.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the process is intended to be carried out during the commissioning of the hydrogen circuit.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the process is further intended to be carried out, preferably periodically, during the operation of the hydrogen circuit.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the process further comprises, prior to step a), the following successive steps: j) close at least one pilot-operated valve of the hydrogen circuit; k) apply a pressure difference between the first and second ports of the valve, the first port being subjected to a higher pressure than the second port; 1) measure, by a pressure sensor located on the second lane side, a seventh pressure; (m) after a predetermined time, measure, using the pressure sensor located on the second lane side, an eighth pressure; and n) if the difference between the eighth and seventh pressures is greater than a second threshold, provide an operator with a signal to detect a leak in the pilot valve.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises, subsequent to step n) and prior to step a), the following successive steps: o) apply a pressure difference between the first and second ways of the valve, the second way being subjected to a higher pressure than the first way; p) measure, by means of a pressure sensor located on the first track side, a ninth pressure; (q) after a predetermined time, measure, using the pressure sensor located on the first-lane side, one-tenth of the pressure; and r) if the difference between the tenth and ninth pressures is greater than a third threshold, provide an operator with a signal to detect a leak in the pilot valve.

[0030] Another embodiment provides for an industrial programmable logic controller configured to implement the process as described. Brief description of the drawings

[0031] These features and advantages, as well as others, will be described in detail in the following description of particular embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example, in relation to the accompanying figures, among which:

[0032] [Fig.1A] and [Fig.1B] are side views illustrating, schematically and partially, a mobile hydrogen distribution station according to one embodiment;

[0033] [Fig.2] is a simplified piping and instrumentation diagram of the mobile station of figures IA and IB according to one embodiment;

[0034] Figures [Fig. 3A], [Fig. 3B], [Fig. 3C], [Fig. 3D] and [Fig. 3E] are side views illustrating, schematically and partially, successive steps in a method of deploying a venting device for the mobile station of Figures IA and IB according to one implementation method; and

[0035] [Fig.4A] and [Fig.4B] are views, respectively from above and in section along plane BB of [Fig.4A], of a lifting plate of the vent device of the mobile station of figures IA and IB according to one embodiment. Description of the implementation methods

[0036] The same elements have been designated by the same reference numerals in the different figures. In particular, the structural and / or functional elements common to the different embodiments and implementation methods may have the same reference numerals and may have identical structural, dimensional and material properties.

[0037] For the sake of clarity, only the steps and elements useful for understanding the embodiments and implementation methods described have been represented and are detailed. In particular, the hydrogen refueling operations of vehicles hydrogen from the mobile hydrogen distribution station have not been detailed, the implementation methods and methods of implementation described being compatible with the usual operations and regulatory constraints (filling protocols, regulations on classified installations for environmental protection (IPCE), etc.) related to the refueling of vehicles from a hydrogen distribution station.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, when referring to two elements connected together, this means directly connected without intermediate elements other than conductors, and when referring to two elements coupled together, this means that these two elements can be connected or linked through one or more other elements.

[0039] In the following description, when reference is made to absolute positional qualifiers, such as the terms "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", etc., or relative positional qualifiers, such as the terms "above", "below", "superior", "inferior", etc., or to orientational qualifiers, such as the terms "horizontal", "vertical", etc., reference is made, unless otherwise specified, to the orientation of the figures.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, the expressions "approximately", "about", "substantially", and "in the order of" mean within 10%, preferably within 5%.

[0041] In the following description, the valves are, unless otherwise stated, two-way valves capable of permitting or prohibiting, depending on whether they are in the open or closed position, respectively, the passage of a gas between portions of a circuit.

[0042] Furthermore, in the following description, the terms "hydrogen" and "nitrogen" refer respectively, unless otherwise stated, to dihydrogen (H2) and dinitrogen (N2)•

[0043] Figures 1A and 1B are side views schematically and partially illustrating a mobile hydrogen distribution station 1 according to one embodiment. Figures IA and 1B illustrate external and internal elements of the mobile station 1, respectively.

[0044] In the example shown, the mobile hydrogen distribution station 1 includes a trailer 2. The trailer 2 includes, for example, a ladder frame comprising longitudinal members and cross members, not detailed in [Fig.1A].

[0045] In the example illustrated in [Fig. 1A], the trailer 2 comprises two axles 3. This example is not, however, limiting; the trailer 2 could, for example, alternatively comprise a single axle 3. The trailer 2 further comprises stabilizers or outriggers 4. Only one outrigger 4, shown in the deployed position, is visible in [Fig. 1A], the trailer 2 comprising, for example, two outriggers 4 located on either side of a longitudinal axis of the trailer 2. The outriggers 4 of the trailer 2 are for example deployed when station 1 is stationary, and retracted for transport. As an example, trailer 2 is a heavy goods vehicle "flatbed" semi-trailer intended to be towed by a motor vehicle, for example a road tractor or truck, not illustrated in [Fig.1A].

[0046] The mobile hydrogen distribution station 1 further comprises an external enclosure or housing 5, integral with the trailer platform 2. The housing 5 contains various elements and circuits for storing, pressurizing, and distributing hydrogen. These elements and circuits will be described in more detail below in relation to [Fig. 2].

[0047] In the example shown in [Fig.1A], a flexible FLE341 is connected, by one of its ends, to the enclosure 5 and, by its other end, to a dispensing gun PLS341. During hydrogen refueling of a vehicle, the PLS341 gun is, for example, connected to a filling port of a vehicle tank to allow its supply of hydrogen from station 1. In [Fig.1A], the PLS341 gun is held by a support 8, for example a right-angled support comprising a first part resting on a face of the enclosure 5 parallel to the platform of the trailer 2, and a second part, orthogonal to the first part, extending vertically towards the ground parallel to the side wall of the enclosure 5. During transport, the support 8 is, for example, reversed, so that the second part of the support 8 is facing upwards, and rotated half a turn around an axis orthogonal to the plane of the first part.The support 8 and the PLS341 gun are thus protected inside a cavity 9 formed in the enclosure 5. A curtain, not shown in [Fig.1A], allows, for example, the cavity 9 to be sealed during transport.

[0048] The enclosure 5 of the station 1 further includes a human-machine interface (HMI) panel 10. The panel 10 may include, as in the example shown, one or more so-called conventional HMI elements, for example pushbuttons, switches, emergency stop buttons, indicator lights, etc., and one or more so-called non-conventional HMI elements, for example, a touchscreen. Generally, the HMI panel 10 is intended to allow an operator to operate the mobile station 1 and obtain information relating to its operation. The HMI panel 10 is, for example, protected by a cover 11, shown in the open position in [Fig. 1A]. The cover 11 is, for example, closed during transport or during periods of inactivity of the mobile station 1, so as to protect the HMI panel 10 against mechanical shocks and / or against moisture. The opening of the hood 11 is for example operated by cylinders, not shown in [Fig. 1 A].

[0049] In the example shown, the enclosure 5 further includes a ventilation grille 12 intended to allow natural or forced air circulation between the interior and the outside of enclosure 5.

[0050] By way of example, the enclosure 5 is constructed from a container, for example a container of standard dimensions, for example a twenty to forty foot container, for example a twenty foot shipping container, the walls of which are cut out in particular to form the cavity 9, to integrate doors (not visible in [Fig.1A]) and to allow the installation of the ventilation grille 12 and the HMI panel 10. This example is not limiting however, the enclosure 5 can, as an alternative, be constructed from a welded frame into which doors, partitions, etc. are integrated.

[0051] In the example shown, the mobile station 1 further includes a vent device 13 projecting from the face of the enclosure 5 opposite the platform of the trailer 2 (the upper face of the enclosure 5, in the orientation of Figures IA and IB). The vent device 13, shown in its deployed position in Figures IA and IB, is retracted inside the enclosure 5 during the transport of the station 1. The vent device 13, as well as its deployment and retraction methods, will be described in more detail later in this description.

[0052] In the example shown, the enclosure 5 contains, in addition to part of the venting device 13, a process installation 14 symbolized in [Fig. 1B] by a dashed rectangle. The process installation 14, which will be detailed later in the description, includes, for example, gas storage tanks, valves, sections of piping, sensors, etc., enabling the storage, pressurization, and distribution of hydrogen.

[0053] Figure 2 is a simplified Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) of the mobile hydrogen distribution station 1 according to one embodiment. The P&ID of Figure 2 illustrates more specifically, albeit partially, the process installation 14 contained within enclosure 5 of the station 1.

[0054] In the example illustrated in [Fig. 2], three assemblies AH1, AH2, and AH3 supply the mobile station 1 with hydrogen from storage sources external to the station 1. The assemblies AH1, AH2, and AH3 are, for example, analogous or identical to each other, except for manufacturing variations. Each hydrogen supply assembly AH1, AH2, AH3 includes, for example, at least one hydrogen tank VES131, VES141, VES151 located outside the station 1. Although only one tank has been shown in each assembly AH1, AH2, AH3 in [Fig. 2], each assembly AH1, AH2, AH3 may, alternatively, include any number of tanks. As an example, the hydrogen tank(s) VES131, VES141 and VES151 of the hydrogen supply assemblies AH1, AH2 and AH3 can take the form: - a frame of bottles comprising several hydrogen bottles, for example nine or eighteen hydrogen bottles; - a trailer (a "tube trader" in English) on which at least one hydrogen tank is installed; or - of a source container, that is to say a container in which is integrated at least one frame or rack for holding several hydrogen bottles.

[0055] In the example shown, manual valves MVA131, MVA141, MVA151 are respectively connected to an outlet port of the tanks VES131, VES141, VES151 and allow the tanks to be isolated from the rest of the circuit. In each assembly AH1, AH2, AH3, a flexible hose FLE131, FLE141, FLE151 connects the manual valve MVA131, MVA141, MVA151 to the process installation 14. In the example shown, fittings PLS131, PLS141, PLS151 and other fittings PLS132, PLS142, PLS152, located respectively on either side of the flexible hose FLE131, FLE141, FLE151, connect the hydrogen tank VES131, VES141, VES151 and the corresponding manual valve MVA131, MVA141, MVA151 to the process installation 14. For example, fittings PLS131, PLS141, PLS151, PLS132, PLS142 and PLS152 are so-called "quick" fittings.

[0056] In the example shown, each assembly AH1, AH2, AH3 further includes a pressure sensor APT131, APT141, APT151 connected to a portion of piping linking the fitting PLS132, PLS142, PLS152 to a piloted valve PVA131, PVA141, PVA151.

[0057] In the illustrated example, the pilot valves PVA131, PVA141 and PVA151 of the assemblies AH1, AH2 and AH3 are connected, by portions of piping, to the same node ND1.

[0058] In the example shown, a PRV201 pilot-operated pressure reducing valve and another PVA201 pilot-operated valve are connected in series between node ND1 and node ND2. In addition to two ports connected respectively to node ND1 and valve PVA201, the PRV201 pilot-operated pressure reducing valve has another port connected to vent 13 (Vent), for example via a flow restrictor (not shown in [Fig. 2]). The PRV201 pilot-operated pressure reducing valve includes, for example, a pneumatically actuated control valve for controlling downstream pressure based on a control signal, for example from the PLC.

[0059] In the example shown, another APT201 pressure sensor is connected to the ND2 node.

[0060] Between node ND2 and another node ND4, two hydrogen compression or pressurization units, EPI and EP2, are connected in parallel. The EPI unit is, for example, analogous or identical, except for manufacturing variations, to the EP2 unit. In the example shown, each EPI, EP2 unit comprises a A PVA211 or PVA211b pilot-operated valve is connected in series with a PCP211 (BOOSTER) or PCP211b (BOOSTER) pressure boosting system. Each PCP211 or PCP211b pressure boosting system compresses a gas between nodes ND2 and ND4, for example, by increasing the gas pressure by several bars, tens of bars, or hundreds of bars between nodes ND2 and ND4. The downstream pressure of each PCP211 or PCP211b pressure boosting system is, for example, approximately four times greater than the upstream pressure. As an example, each PCP211 or PCP211b pressure boosting system includes a gas booster, for example, a single-stage, double-acting booster or a single-stage, double-acting booster connected to a compressed air network or a hydraulic network containing pressurized oil, not detailed in [Fig. 2]. The [Fig.[2] illustrates an example in which each EPI, EP2 hydrogen compression unit comprises a single PCP211, PCP211b pressurization system. This example is not exhaustive, however; each EPI, EP2 hydrogen compression unit could, alternatively, comprise several PCP211, PCP211b pressurization systems, for example, two pressurization systems, each comprising a booster, with the boosters of each system arranged in parallel. This has the advantage of providing redundancy capable of ensuring continuity of service of the installation in the event of a failure of one of the boosters of a pressurization system. An advantage of providing such redundancy is that it allows, for example, the use of pneumatic boosters, which are less expensive than hydraulic boosters.

[0061] In the example shown, a pilot-operated valve PVA203 is connected between node ND2 and node ND4, in parallel with assemblies EPI and EP2. Valve PVA203 is closed, for example, when the PCP211 and PCP211b pressure systems of assemblies EPI and EP2 are operating. Pilot-operated valve PVA203 is also open, for example, to bypass assemblies EPI and EP2, i.e., to directly connect node ND2 to node ND4, for example, when pressure systems PCP211 and PCP211b are shut down.

[0062] The process installation 14 further comprises two additional hydrogen compression or pressurization units EP3 and EP4 connected in parallel between node ND4 and another node ND5. Unit EP3 is, for example, analogous or identical, apart from manufacturing variations, to unit EP4. Furthermore, units EP3 and EP4 are, for example, analogous or identical, apart from manufacturing variations, to units EPI and EP2, respectively. In the example shown, each unit EP3, EP4 comprises a pilot-operated valve PVA221, PVA221b and a pressurization system PCP221 (BOOSTER), PCP221b (BOOSTER), for example, analogous or identical to the pilot-operated valve PVA211, PVA211b and the system of PCP211, PCP211b, respectively. Figure 2 illustrates an example in which each hydrogen compression unit EP3, EP4 comprises a single PCP221, PCP221b pressure system. This example is not limiting, however; each hydrogen compression unit EP3, EP4 could, alternatively, comprise several PCP221, PCP221b pressure systems, for example, two pressure systems, each comprising a booster, with the boosters of each system arranged in parallel. This has the advantage of providing redundancy to ensure continuity of service of the installation in the event of a failure of one of the boosters.

[0063] In the example shown, another pilot-operated valve PVA230 is connected between node ND5 and another node ND6. In addition, another PVA220 pilot valve is connected between node ND4 and node ND6, and another APT230 pressure sensor is connected to node ND6.The PVA220 pilot valve is opened, for example, to bypass the EP3 and EP4 assemblies, i.e., to directly connect node ND4 to node ND6, for example, in a case where the PCP221 and PCP221b pressurization systems are shut down.

[0064] In the illustrated example, the process installation 14 further includes a pilot-operated valve PVA210 connected between node ND4 and one or more tanks VES210 (a single tank in the example shown). A pressure sensor APT210 is connected to a section of piping connecting the valve PVA210 to the tank VES210.

[0065] In the example illustrated in [Fig.2], the process installation 14 further comprises three internal hydrogen storage and distribution units SH1, SH2 and SH3. The units SH1, SH2 and SH3 are, for example, similar or identical to each other, except for manufacturing variations.

[0066] Each SH1, SH2, SH3 assembly includes a PVA231, PVA241, PVA251 pilot valve connected between node ND6 and a PLS231, PLS241, PLS251 fitting. Each SH1, SH2, SH3 assembly further includes an APT231, APT241, APT251 pressure sensor connected to a portion of piping connecting the PVA231, PVA241, PVA251 pilot valve to the PLS231, PLS241, PLS251 fitting.

[0067] Furthermore, each SH1, SH2, SH3 assembly comprises at least one VES231, VES241, VES251 hydrogen storage tank located inside station 1. Although only one tank per SH1, SH2, SH3 assembly is shown in [Fig. 2], each SH1, SH2, SH3 assembly may, alternatively, comprise any number of tanks, for example, two tanks. In the example shown, a manual valve MVA231, MVA241, MVA251 is connected, preferably connected, to an outlet port of the VES231, VES241, VES251 tank and allows the tank to be isolated from the rest of the circuit.

[0068] In the example shown, each SH1, SH2, SH3 assembly further comprises a flexible hose FLE231, FLE241, FLE251, one end of which is connected to the manual valve MVA231, MVA241, MVA251 and the other end of which is connected to a fitting PLS232, PLS242, PLS252. The fitting PLS232, PLS242, PLS252 of each SH1, SH2, SH3 assembly can be connected or branched either to the fitting PLS231, PLS241, PLS251, for example so as to connect the tank VES231, VES241, VES251 to the node ND6, or to another fitting PLS233, PLS243, PLS253 forming part of a venting assembly ME1, ME2, ME3. In each of the venting assemblies ME1, ME2, ME3, associated respectively with the hydrogen storage and distribution assemblies SH1, SH2, SH3, a manual valve MVA233, MVA243, MVA253 connects the fitting PLS233, PLS243, PLS253 to vent 13 (Vent). The venting assemblies ME1, ME2, and ME3 are, for example, similar or identical to each other, except for manufacturing variations.

[0069] For the transport of the mobile station 1, the manual valves MVA231, MVA241 and MVA251 of the assemblies SH1, SH2 and SH3 are closed and connected to the vent 13. To do this, the fittings PLS232, PLS242 and PLS252 are connected to the fittings PLS233, PLS243 and PLS253, respectively.

[0070] The process installation 14 further includes another pilot-operated valve PVA320 and another pilot-operated pressure regulator PRV320 connected in series between node ND6 and hose FLE341, to the end of which is connected the dispensing gun PLS341. In addition to two ports connected respectively to valve PVA320 and hose FLE341, the pilot-operated pressure regulator PRV320 has another port connected to vent 13 (Vent), for example via a flow restrictor (not shown in [Fig. 2]). Similar to the pilot-operated pressure regulator PRV201, the pilot-operated pressure regulator PRV320 includes, for example, a pneumatically actuated control valve for controlling downstream pressure according to a control signal transmitted by the PLC. In addition, APT320 and APT341 pressure sensors are connected to a portion of piping connecting the PRV320 piloted regulator to the 341 hose.

[0071] In the example shown, a nitrogen cleaning and testing assembly DA is connected to node ND1. The DA assembly comprises at least one nitrogen tank VES501 (a single nitrogen tank in the example shown), a manual valve MVA501 connected, preferably connected, to an outlet port of the VES501 tank and allowing the tank to be isolated from the rest of the circuit, a pilot-operated valve PVA501 connecting node ND1 to the manual valve MVA501 via a flexible hose FLE501 and a fitting PLS501, and a pressure sensor APT501 connected to a section of piping connecting the flexible hose FLE501 to the pilot-operated valve PVA501. The VES501 tank and the manual valve MVA501 are, for example, located outside the mobile hydrogen dispensing station 1. By way of example, the nitrogen pressure The pressure inside the VES501 tank is approximately 200 bar. The VES501 tank and the MVA501 manual valve are, for example, located outside the process installation 14.

[0072] The pilot-operated valves PVA203 and PVA220, when open, bypass the EPI and EP2 assemblies and the EP3 and EP4 assemblies, respectively. This allows, for example, at least one of the VES231, VES241 and VES251 tanks to be filled, or a vehicle to be refueled with hydrogen directly from at least one of the VES131, VES141 and VES151 tanks without going through the EPI, EP2, EP3 and EP4 assemblies.

[0073] The process installation 14 may further include other elements and / or circuits not detailed in [Fig. 2], for example, other valves, other fittings, flanges, filters, relief valves, temperature sensors, limit switches, etc. The process installation 14 may further include a control system connected to the various sensors and actuators of the process installation 14, for example, a programmable logic controller (PLC) connected to the 1THM 10 of the mobile station 1, a power distribution electrical cabinet, etc. These elements and / or circuits, not detailed in [Fig. 2], are symbolized by a functional block 15 (FCT).

[0074] By way of example, each piloted valve of the process installation 14 is an on / off (ON) valve, for example a pneumatic ON / OFF valve comprising a pneumatic actuator controlled by a pneumatic distributor (not shown in [Fig.2]) or an ON / OFF valve controlled by an electric actuator.

[0075] Before the process installation 14 can be operated, for example after transporting the mobile station 1 to a hydrogen vehicle refueling location, preliminary testing operations are carried out. These operations generally aim to ensure that the installation 14 is functional and poses no danger to the operator or the environment. For example, the testing operations begin with electrical checks, such as return-to-run tests, to ensure the correct operation of the various sensors and actuators and the control system of the installation 14.

[0076] A leak detection method, aimed for example at checking the absence of leaks in the process installation 14 and at verifying the tightness of the pilot valves when these valves are in the closed position, is then implemented prior to the operation of the installation 14. During the implementation of the leak detection method, tightness checks are carried out, successively or in parallel, in different parts or sections of the circuit of the process installation 14. These parts of the circuit are, in [Fig.2], delimited by dashed lines.

[0077] According to one embodiment, the leak detection method comprises the next successive steps: a) inject a gas at a first pressure, denoted PO, into a part of the circuit; b) isolate the part of the circuit from the rest of the circuit; c) measure, by means of a pressure sensor connected to the circuit part, a second pressure, denoted PI, in the circuit part; d) after a predetermined time, denoted D, measure, using the pressure sensor connected to the circuit section, a third pressure, denoted P2, in the circuit section; and e) if a difference P1-P2 between the second pressure PI and the third pressure P2 is less than a threshold, denoted S, provide an operator with a leak detection signal in the part of the circuit.

[0078] Generally, these steps can be implemented for each circuit section of the process plant 14. Several circuit sections can be tested simultaneously, which advantageously saves time during plant commissioning. Furthermore, the leak detection method can be implemented using different gases, for example, nitrogen and then hydrogen, and at different pressures PO, for example, by following increasing PO pressure steps until reaching the plant's operating pressure. As an example, the leak detection method is implemented by the plant's controller 14.

[0079] At an initial time, the manual valves MVA131, MVA141 and MVA151 are closed, or the fittings PLS132, PLS142 and PLS152 are not connected to the installation 14, and the manual valves MVA231, MVA241 and MVA251 are closed, the fittings PLS231, PLS241 and PLS251 being respectively connected to the fittings PLS232, PLS242 and PLS252. The pilot valves PVA131, PVA141, PVA151, PVA201, PVA203, PVA211, PVA211b, PVA221, PVA221b, PVA230, PVA231, PVA241, PVA251, PVA501 and PVA210 are open. The PRV201 pilot-operated pressure regulator is activated to obtain the desired test pressure PO in the circuit, for example, approximately 10 bar. Once the pressure has stabilized, valves PVA131, PVA141, PVA151, PVA231, PVA241, PVA251, PVA501, and PVA210 are closed.

[0080] By way of example, during a first phase, the leak detection process is implemented simultaneously: - inside each hydrogen supply unit AH1, AH2, AH3, on a circuit part 131, 141, 151 located between the connector PLS132, PLS142, PLS152 and the piloted valve PVA131, PVA141, PVA151; - inside each internal hydrogen storage and distribution unit SH1, SH2, SH3, on a circuit part 231, 241, 251 located between the manual valve MVA231, MVA241, MVA251 and the pilot valve PVA231, PVA241, PVA251; - on a section of the ESI circuit delimited by the PVA131, PVA141 pilot-operated valves, PVA151, PVA210, PVA220, PVA501 and by the PCP221 and PCP221b pressure systems; - on a part of circuit ES2 delimited by the pressurization systems PCP221 and PCP221b and by the piloted valves PVA220, PVA231, PVA241, PVA251 and PVA320; - on a section of circuit 210 delimited by the pilot-operated valve PVA210 and by the reservoir VES210; and - on a part of circuit 320 delimited by the PVA320 piloted valve and by the PLS341 gun.

[0081] During the first phase, the PI pressure is measured, for each circuit part 131, 141, 151, 231, 241, 251, ESI, ES2, 210 and 320, by the pressure sensors APT131, APT141, APT151, APT231, APT241, APT251, APT201, APT230, APT210 and APT320, respectively. After a duration D, for example after a few minutes, say about ten minutes, the pressure P2 is measured for each circuit section 131, 141, 151, 231, 241, 251, ESI, ES2, 210, and 320 by pressure sensors APT131, APT141, APT151, APT231, APT241, APT251, APT201, APT230, APT210, and APT320, respectively. The difference P1-P2 is then compared, for each circuit section, to the threshold S. The threshold S is, for example, between a few tenths of a bar and a few bars, for example, approximately one bar.For each circuit section, if the difference P1-P2 is less than, for example strictly less than, the threshold S, the circuit section is considered leak-proof and the first test phase is complete. A second test phase, for example similar to the first test phase but applying a pressure PO higher than that of the first test phase, for example approximately 50 bar, is then implemented. As an example, if no leak is detected, test phases at 100 bar, 150 bar, and 200 bar under nitrogen can thus be implemented successively. Further leak detection phases under hydrogen, for example similar to the leak detection phases under nitrogen, can then be implemented.

[0082] Conversely, in a case where the difference P1-P2 is greater than, for example greater than or equal to, the threshold S, in at least one of the circuit sections 131, 141, 151, 231, 241, 251, ESI, ES2, 210 and 320, the section(s) concerned are considered non-sealed and the leak detection signal is then provided to the operator. A leak detection can then be carried out by the operator in the circuit section(s) considered non-sealed.

[0083] If a leak is detected, for example, in circuit section ES2, the pilot-operated valve PVA230 is closed and the pressure PI is measured by the pressure sensor APT230. After a time interval D, the pressure P2 is measured again by the sensor APT230 and the difference P1-P2 is compared to the threshold S. If the difference P1-P2 is less than the If threshold S is met, we deduce that the leak originates from a portion 221av of circuit section ES2, portion 221av being delimited by the pressurization systems PCP221 and PCP221b and by the pilot valve PVA230. Otherwise, that is, if the difference P1-P2 is greater than threshold S, we deduce that the leak originates from a portion 230 of circuit section ES2, portion 230 being delimited by the pilot valves PVA230, PVA220, PVA231, PVA241, PVA251 and PVA320.

[0084] Similarly, if a leak is detected in the ESI circuit section, the pilot valves PVA220, PVA211, PVA211b, PVA221 and PVA221b are closed and the pressure PI is measured by the pressure sensor APT201. After a time D, the pressure P2 is again measured by the sensor APT201 and the difference P1-P2 is compared to the threshold S. If the difference P1-P2 is greater than the threshold S, it is deduced that the leak originates from a portion 201 of the ESI circuit section, portion 201 being delimited by the pilot valves PVA131, PVA141, PVA151, PVA203, PVA211, PVA211b and PVA501.

[0085] Otherwise, i.e., if the difference P1-P2 is less than the threshold S, the test continues by opening the pilot valve PVA203 and measuring the pressure PI with the pressure sensor APT201. After time D, the pressure P2 is again measured by the sensor APT201 and the difference P1-P2 is compared to the threshold S. If the difference P1-P2 is greater than the threshold S, it is deduced that the leak originates from a portion 220 of the ESI circuit section, portion 220 being delimited by the pilot valves PVA203, PVA210, PVA221, PVA221b and PVA220 and by the pressurization systems PCP211 and PCP211b.

[0086] Otherwise, i.e., if the difference P1-P2 is less than the threshold S, the test continues by opening the pilot-operated valve PVA211 and measuring the pressure PI with the pressure sensor APT201. After a time D, the pressure P2 is again measured by the sensor APT201 and the difference P1-P2 is compared to the threshold S. If the difference P1-P2 is greater than the threshold S, it is deduced that the leak originates from a portion 21 lam of the ESI circuit section, the portion 21 lam being delimited by the pilot-operated valve PVA211 and by the pressurization system PCP211.

[0087] Otherwise, i.e., if the difference P1-P2 is less than the threshold S, the test continues by opening the pilot-operated valve PVA211b and measuring the pressure PI with the pressure sensor APT201. After time D, the pressure P2 is again measured by the sensor APT201 and the difference P1-P2 is compared to the threshold S. If the difference P1-P2 is greater than the threshold S, it is deduced that the leak originates from a portion 21 Ibam of the ESI circuit section, the portion 21 Ibam being delimited by the pilot-operated valve PVA211b and by the pressurization system PCP211b.

[0088] Otherwise, that is, if the difference P1-P2 is less than the threshold S, the The test continues by opening the pilot-operated valve PVA221 and measuring the pressure PI with the pressure sensor APT201. After time D, the pressure P2 is again measured by the sensor APT201 and the difference P1-P2 is compared to the threshold S. If the difference P1-P2 is greater than the threshold S, it is deduced that the leak originates from a portion 221am of the ESI circuit section, the portion 221am being delimited by the pilot-operated valve PVA221 and by the pressurization system PCP221.

[0089] Otherwise, i.e., if the difference P1-P2 is less than the threshold S, the test continues by opening the pilot-operated valve PVA221b and measuring the pressure PI with the pressure sensor APT201. After time D, the pressure P2 is again measured by the sensor APT201 and the difference P1-P2 is compared to the threshold S. If the difference P1-P2 is greater than the threshold S, it is deduced that the leak originates from a portion 221bam of the ESI circuit section, the portion 221bam being delimited by the pilot-operated valve PVA221b and by the pressurization system PCP221b. Otherwise, it is considered, for example, that leak detection has failed, all portions 201 21 lam, 21 Ibam, 221am and 221bam of the ESI part having been tested and no leak having been detected in any of these portions.

[0090] Although not detailed above, a leak detection phase in the DA cleaning and nitrogen testing assembly, for example prior to the first phase, can be implemented on a section of circuit 501 delimited by the manual valve MVA501 and the pilot-operated valve PVA501. The leak test in section 501 is, for example, carried out under nitrogen only, at a pressure equal to approximately the pressure in the tank VES501.

[0091] One advantage of the leak detection method described above in relation to [Fig. 2] is that it can be performed automatically (self-test), for example by following a series of steps pre-programmed in the PLC of the installation 14. This allows the operator to focus on other commissioning tasks while the leak detection procedure is carried out by the PLC. This results in increased ease of testing and a reduced risk of errors during the implementation of the leak detection method. The method also advantageously allows the use of a single pressure sensor to detect leaks in several circuit portions, for example the APT230 sensor, to detect leaks in portions 230 and 221 of the ES2 circuit part, and the APT201 sensor, to detect leaks in portions 201, 21 lam, 21 Ibam, 22lam and 221bam of the ESI circuit part.

[0092] Another advantage of the leak detection process is that it allows for cleaning of the circuit prior to commissioning, with nitrogen testing making it possible to eliminate any traces of moisture or impurities that may have entered the circuit during transport.

[0093] The leak detection method is also faster to implement than known leak detection methods, for example using a "thousand bubbles" type leak detector. As an example, the commissioning time of the mobile station 1, corresponding approximately to the time between the arrival of the mobile station 1 at the refueling location and the point at which a hydrogen vehicle can be refueled by the mobile station 1, is on the order of a few hours, for example about four hours, compared to several days, for example at least two days, for existing mobile stations.

[0094] Furthermore, although a case in which the leak detection process is performed during commissioning of the installation was detailed above in relation to [Fig. 2], the leak detection process can also be implemented during the operation of the installation. In this case, the PLC is preferably programmed to implement the leak detection process periodically, for example, daily. In other words, leak detection can be carried out automatically not only during commissioning of the installation, but also during operation.

[0095] Prior to commissioning the installation, a leak test, or leak detection procedure, for the pilot-operated valves may also be implemented. This test procedure is, for example, implemented after the electrical checks and before the implementation of the leak detection procedure.

[0096] The leak test of each pilot-operated valve comprises the following successive steps: a) valve closed, apply a pressure difference between the two ports of the pilot valve, one of the ports being subjected to a higher pressure, called high pressure, than the pressure to which the other port, called low pressure, is subjected; b) measure, by a pressure sensor located on the low pressure side, a pressure P5; d) after a predetermined time, denoted D', measure, by the pressure sensor located on the low-pressure side, a pressure P6; and e) If the difference P6-P5 between the pressures P6 and P5 is greater than a threshold, denoted S', provide an operator with a signal indicating a leak in the pilot valve.

[0097] The above leak test can then be performed analogously by reversing the pressure difference between the two ports of the valve; that is, the port that was subjected to low pressure in the above test becomes subjected to high pressure, while the other port, which was subjected to high pressure in the above test, becomes subjected to low pressure. This allows the valve's leak tightness to be checked in both directions of flow. The thresholds used in these two tests can be the same or different.

[0098] By way of example, the procedure for detecting leaks in pilot-operated valves begins more precisely by closing all the pilot-operated valves in the system. Valve PVA501 is then opened, and pressurized nitrogen is injected from tank VES501. The nitrogen pressure is regulated by the pilot-operated pressure regulator PVA201, for example, to a maximum operating pressure value for the system. Pressures P5 and P6 are then measured by means of pressure sensor APT201 before and after the time interval D'. If the pressure difference P6-P5 exceeds the threshold S', a leak detection signal for valve PVA201 is transmitted to the operator.

[0099] Otherwise, that is, if the pressure difference P6-P5 is less than the threshold S', the PVA201 valve, considered leak-tight, is then opened. This has the effect of pressurizing section 201, while the other sections of the circuit remain, for example, at a pressure approximately equal to atmospheric pressure. The process continues by checking for leaks and then opening the pilot-operated valves of the installation one after the other.

[0100] By way of example, during the implementation of the process, the pressure P5 is measured by each of the sensors APT231, APT241, and APT251, with the valves PVA231, PVA241, and PVA251 closed. After a time interval D', the pressure P6 is measured by each of the sensors APT231, APT241, and APT251, and the pressure difference P6-P5 is compared to the threshold S' to detect the presence or absence of a leak in the corresponding valve PVA231, PVA241, or PVA251. Similarly, the pressure P5 is measured by each of the sensors APT131, APT141, and APT151, with the valves PVA131, PVA141, and PVA151 closed. At the end of the duration D', the pressure P6 is measured by each of the sensors APT131, APT141 and APT151 and the pressure difference P6-P5 is compared to the threshold S' to detect the presence or absence of a leak in the corresponding valve PVA131, PVA141 or PVA151.

[0101] Once the pilot valves are open and the system is pressurized, the pilot valves are, for example, all closed and the pilot-operated pressure regulator PVA201 is activated to force a pressure substantially equal to atmospheric pressure, for example by connecting the circuit to the vent. Valve PVA201 is then opened, for example for several seconds, which has the effect of reducing the pressure at sensor APT201. This creates a pressure difference between the two ports of each of valves PVA203, PVA211, and PVA211b, the pressure in the portion of the circuit delimited by valves PVA201, PVA203, PVA211, and PVA211b being lower than the pressure in the rest of the circuit. Pressure P5 is measured by pressure sensor APT201, and then, after a time interval D', pressure P6 is measured by sensor APT201. The pressure difference P6-P5 is then compared at a threshold S'. In the case where the pressure difference P6-P5 is greater than the threshold S', a leak detection signal of at least one of the valves PVA201, PVA203, PVA211 and PVA211b is transmitted to the operator.

[0102] Otherwise, that is, if the pressure difference P6-P5 is less than the threshold S', the valves PVA201, PVA203, PVA211 and PVA211b, considered to be leak-tight, are then opened. The process continues by checking for leaks and then opening the pilot-operated valves of the installation one after the other.

[0103] The valve leak tests can then be repeated using hydrogen instead of nitrogen. Once the tests have been carried out, if no leaks have been detected, the leak detection procedure in the piping is, for example, implemented.

[0104] Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D and 3E are side views illustrating, schematically and partially, successive stages of a deployment method for the vent device 13 of the mobile station 1 of Figures IA and IB according to an implementation method.

[0105] In the example shown, the vent device 13 comprises first and second piping sections SI and S2 that can be joined or inserted into each other by means of a screw connection ensuring sealing and pressure resistance, a lifting means 21, a lifting plate 22 connected to the lifting means 21 by a cable 23, and a locking device 24 for the first and second sections. Section S1, viewed from the side, has a T-shape, a horizontal portion of which allows gas contained in the vent device 13 to be vented to the atmosphere. By way of example, the lifting means 21 is a winch that can be operated manually by a crank.

[0106] Fig. 3A illustrates the vent device 13 in the transport position, the section S2 being held together with an internal wall of the enclosure 5 by fasteners 25.

[0107] During a deployment step of the first piping section SI, the operator releases the locking device 24 and then slides the first section SI upwards through an opening formed in the enclosure 5 of the mobile station 1. During this operation, the section SI is, for example, translated by applying an upward vertical force to the plate 22 so as to bring the plate 22 closer to the lifting means 21. The lifting means 21 is, for example, not used during the deployment step of the section SL

[0108] Figure 3B represents the vent device 13 after the deployment step of section SL. Once section SI is deployed, it is then blocked in translation by the locking device 24, then section S2 is detached and connected or fitted to one end of section SI opposite the horizontal bar of the T formed by section SI (the lower end of section SI, in the orientation of the [Fig.3B]).

[0109] Figure 3C shows the vent device 13 after the step of connecting or fitting section S2 to section SI. Once sections SI and S2 are joined, the lifting plate 22 is slid along section S2 to its end opposite section SI (the lower end of section S2, in the orientation of Figure 3C). The lifting plate 22 is then fixed to the end of section S2.

[0110] Fig. 3D illustrates a lifting or deployment step of a vent assembly EE comprising sections SI and S2. The locking device 24 is, for example, unlocked so as to release the translation of the vent assembly EE, then the lifting means 21 is actuated so as to lift the vent assembly EE by means of the plate 22.

[0111] Figure 3E shows the vent device 13 in the deployed position. Once deployed, the vent assembly EE is blocked from translation by the locking device 24.

[0112] Subsequent operations aimed for example at connecting the EE vent assembly to a gas manifold, for example via a flexible hose with fittings, can then be carried out.

[0113] Retracting the vent device 13, for example before transporting the mobile station 1, is carried out for example by performing the operations previously described in relation to figures 3A to 3E in reverse order.

[0114] An advantage of the method described above in relation to Figures 3A to 3E is that it allows for quick and safe deployment and retraction of the vent device 13 while limiting the effort required from the operator.

[0115] Fig. 4A and Figure 4B are views, respectively from above and in section along plane BB of Fig. 4A, of the lifting plate 22 of the vent device 13 of the mobile station 1 of Figures IA and IB according to one embodiment.

[0116] In the example shown, the plate 22 has a substantially rectangular perimeter. The plate 22 has a recess or opening 26 comprising, in top view, a first substantially rectangular portion and a second substantially circular portion. In this example, the rectangular portion of the recess 26 has a width strictly less than an outside diameter of the first and second sections SI and S2 of the vent assembly EE, symbolized by a dashed circle in [Fig. 4A], and the circular portion of the recess 26 has a diameter strictly greater than the outside diameter of sections S1 and S2 of the assembly EE. This allows the plate 22 to be held securely to section SI or S2 when the rectangular portion of the recess 26 is, for example, inserted into a radial groove or channel 27 formed in section SI or S2, or to slide along a longitudinal axis of section SI or S2, when section SI or S2 is located inside the circular part of recess 26.

[0117] In the example shown, the plate 22 further includes a lifting ring 28 allowing, for example, the cable 23 of the lifting means 21 to be attached.

[0118] Various embodiments, implementations, and variants have been described. Those skilled in the art will understand that certain features of these various embodiments, implementations, and variants could be combined, and other variants will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In particular, although an embodiment has been described in relation to [Fig. 2] in which the process plant 14 comprises three hydrogen supply sets AH1, AH2, and AH3, three internal hydrogen storage and distribution sets SH1, SH2, and SH3, and three venting sets ME1, ME2, and ME3, the process plant 14 may, as an alternative, comprise any number of hydrogen supply sets, internal hydrogen storage sets, and venting sets, the number of internal hydrogen storage sets being equal to the number of venting sets.

[0119] Finally, the practical implementation of the embodiments, implementation methods and variants described is within the reach of a person skilled in the art, based on the functional indications given above.

Claims

Claims

1. Mobile hydrogen distribution station (1) comprising a trailer (2), an enclosure (5) secured to the trailer (2) and, inside the enclosure (5): - at least one hydrogen storage and distribution assembly (SH1, SH2, SH3); - at least one venting assembly (ME1, ME2, ME3); - at least one hydrogen compression assembly (EPI, EP2, EP3, EP4); and - a nitrogen cleaning and testing assembly (DA), wherein the venting device comprises: - first and second sections (SI, S2) of piping nestable one inside the other; - a lifting means (21); - a lifting plate (22) connected to the lifting means (21) by a cable (23); and - a locking device (24) of the first and second sections (SI, S2).

2. Station according to claim 1, wherein said at least one venting assembly (ME1, ME2, ME3) is connected to a vent device (13) of the mobile hydrogen dispensing station (1).

3. Station according to claim 2, in which each hydrogen storage and distribution assembly (SH1, SH2, SH3) is intended to be connected, by one of the venting assemblies (ME1, ME2, ME3), to the venting device (13) during transport of the mobile hydrogen distribution station (1).

4. Station according to claim 3, in which each hydrogen storage and distribution assembly (SH1, SH2, SH3) comprises a hose (FLE231, FLE241, FLE251) of which a first end is connected to a hydrogen tank (VES231, VES241, VES251) and of which a second end, opposite the first end, is, for transport, intended to be connected to the vent device (13) by one of the venting assemblies (ME1, ME2, ME3).

5. Station according to claim 4, in which the hydrogen storage and distribution assemblies (SH1, SH2, SH3) are intended to be connected, by the hoses (FLE231, FLE241, FLE251), to the same node (ND6) when supplying hydrogen from the mobile hydrogen distribution station (1).

6. A station according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first section has a T shape.

7. A station according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the lifting means is a winch.

8. Station according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which the lifting plate (22) comprises a first part, adapted to block the first and second sections (SI, S2) in translation, and a second part, adapted to allow the plate to slide along the first and second sections (SI, S2).

9. Station according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the lifting means is adapted to lift an assembly (EE) comprising the first and second sections (S1, S2).

10. Station according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising at least one piloted valve (PVA203, PVA220) making it possible to bypass said at least one hydrogen compression assembly (EPI, EP2, EP3, EP4).

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