Tube insert assembly with feedthrough pin plug and mating socket

Abstract

The vacuum tube insert assembly includes a flared insert having an annular flange and a stem, each constructed from glass. The stem extends axially from the flange. The flange surrounds an outer periphery of a plug concavity defined by the stem. A feedthrough pin passes axially through the stem and is sealed to the stem. The pin terminates inside the concavity to form a plug. A socket connects to the plug within the concavity and includes a receptacle that removably couples to the pin, with an engagement feature preventing an incorrect plug-socket connection. The method includes axially inserting the pin through the stem in a fixed relative position such that the pin is disposed within the plug concavity, sealing the stem such that the stem is vacuum sealed to the pin, thereby forming a plug, and removably coupling a mating receptacle of the socket to the pin.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 217,019, filed June 30, 2021, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. [Background technology]

[0002] Vacuum tubes are used in a wide range of applications to control the flow of electric current between isolated electrodes within a sealed vacuum chamber. An X-ray tube is a specialized type of vacuum tube commonly used to generate and direct X-ray radiation for a variety of purposes, such as medical imaging, radiology, diagnostics, radiography, tomography, non-destructive testing, materials analysis, security applications, and inspection.

[0003] A conventional X-ray tube operates by using an energized cathode to emit a focused electron beam, which is then directed toward a target on which an anode is attached. The emitted electrons gain energy and accelerate due to a large potential difference across the space intervening between the anode and the cathode. A portion of the accelerated electrons impact the target surface on the anode, and a small portion of the incident electron beam energy is converted into useful X-ray radiation. The remaining energy is primarily in the form of heat, which is dissipated from the X-ray tube, usually through some type of cooling system.

[0004] The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are schematic in nature and are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting the scope of the present disclosure. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0005] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a diagram of an exemplary vacuum tube insert assembly for an X-ray tube having feedthrough pins forming a plug and also having a mating socket as described herein. [Diagram 2]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the vacuum tube insert assembly shown in FIG. 1. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary dual filament apparatus for use with the cathode assembly shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a representative portion of a flared insert constructed as described herein. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a representative portion of a flared insert constructed as described herein. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a socket configured to connect to the plug of the flared insert shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. [Figure 7] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a socket configured to connect to the plug of the flared insert shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. [Figure 8] 8 illustrates, in schematic form, an alternative engagement feature for the socket shown in FIG. 7; [Figure 9] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a pin retainer for use during assembly of the flared insert and vacuum tube insert of FIGS. 1 and 2. [Figure 10] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a pin retainer for use during assembly of the flared insert and vacuum tube insert of FIGS. 1 and 2. [Figure 11] 1 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for constructing a vacuum tube insert according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0006] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein. The disclosed embodiments are provided as examples and illustrations of various solutions. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, and some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show specific details of the subject matter. Therefore, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art to variously employ the disclosed structures and methods.

[0007] The numbers provided in the flow charts and process descriptions are for the purpose of improving clarity and do not necessarily indicate a particular order or sequence. For purposes of the present invention, approximation words such as "about," "substantially," "generally," and "approximately" may be used to mean "at or near," or "within 0 to 5% of," or "within an acceptable manufacturing tolerance," respectively, or any logical combination thereof.

[0008] Some embodiments described herein relate generally to x-ray tubes and other types of vacuum tubes, glass inserts constructed for use with such vacuum tubes, and methods for making and using the vacuum tubes and glass inserts described herein. In particular, the following disclosure relates to the extension of a substantially rigid, electrically conductive feedthrough post or pin into a bowl-shaped cavity ("concave") in a defined open end of a flared insert for a glass vacuum tube, where the insert eventually melts and fuses with the glass encapsulation or glass envelope. The feedthrough pin is positioned to present a plug with which an operator can removably couple a mating socket. The configuration of the socket may vary with the particular temperature and other anticipated loads applied during testing, loading, and other stages of manufacture and use.

[0009] In contrast to existing approaches in which flexible wires are individually welded to the ends of mating feedthrough wires, the rigid feedthrough pins contemplated herein are less susceptible to breakage, fraying, burning, and electrical shorting conditions due to their enhanced rigidity and extension into the concave volume as the plugs are spaced and oriented as desired. Moreover, the unique plug-and-socket combination described below is much less susceptible to inadvertent wiring errors. Moreover, because the contemplated sockets of a particular configuration can be installed in only one specified orientation, the plug-and-socket connection reduces errors during manufacturing, installation, and maintenance.

[0010] Referring now to the drawings, where like numbers refer to like components, a vacuum tube insert assembly 10 includes plug means as described herein, such as a representative plug 12 shown generally in Figure 1. A mating socket means, illustrated as socket 14, is disposed at a terminal end 15 of a flexible cable 16 and is removably coupled to plug 12, as shown by arrow A, for providing power, for example, to the vacuum tube insert assembly 10 or to a device assembled using the vacuum tube insert assembly 10. As understood in the art, when the vacuum tube insert assembly 10 is used as part of an x-ray tube, the vacuum tube insert assembly 10 may be positioned within a lead-lined protective alloy or machined housing (omitted for clarity) or another suitable protective outer structure to provide stable mechanical support and thermal insulation.

[0011] The exemplary vacuum tube insert assembly 10 shown in FIG. 1 , in a non-limiting x-ray tube embodiment, includes various components that collectively generate x-ray radiation (arrows 18) and emit through a window 20 toward a subject 22, such as a patient's chest or appendages. Such components include glass means, such as an enclosure or envelope 24, constructed from glass and defining an interior volume 25 in which a positively charged anode assembly 26 and a negatively charged cathode assembly 28 are positioned, as understood in the art. As described herein in various exemplary embodiments, the envelope 24 may be constructed from borosilicate glass or another rigid, application-appropriate glass material, without limiting the material of construction to glass, and thus is hereinafter referred to as a glass envelope 24.

[0012] 1 for purposes of illustration, the anode assembly 26 includes a cylindrical bearing mounted rotor 30 having an axis of rotation 31. A stator 32 surrounds the neck 33 of the glass envelope 24, and the stator 32 defines the rotor 30. Thus, when the stator 32 is energized, alternating forces of electromagnetic attraction and repulsion cause the rotor 30 to rotate about the axis of rotation 31, which in turn causes rotation of an anode target disk 34, constructed, for example, from tungsten, which is attached to the rotor 30 via, for example, an anode stem 35. As understood in the art, the target disk 34 provides a material target for interaction with the electrons emitted by the cathode assembly 28, and ultimately x-rays result from such interaction.

[0013] The cathode assembly 28 in the simplified embodiment of FIG. 1 includes a cathode head 36 to which a focusing cup 38 is connected. The focusing cup 38 in turn includes or is connected to one or more conductive filaments 39, each of which may in turn be constructed from tungsten or another suitable material. When the cathode assembly 28 is energized, current flows through the filament(s) 39, heating the filament(s) 39. The heated filament(s) 39 respond by emitting electrons via the process of thermionic emission.

[0014] A high voltage, typically about 1 kilovolt (kV) or greater, is applied between the anode assembly 26 and the cathode assembly 28. Thus, the glass envelope 24 is typically heated to 1000 K. -6 It functions as a hermetically sealed vacuum enclosure that maintains a high vacuum of less than mmHg. In addition to maintaining such a high vacuum, the glass envelope 24 also isolates the anode assembly 26 from the cathode assembly 28 with a potential difference as high as 150 kV or more maintained between them without significant electrical leakage or spurious discharge.

[0015] The glass envelope 24 contemplated herein includes a flared insert 40 disposed proximate the cathode assembly 28, as shown in more detail in Figures 4 and 5. As described in more detail below, the flared insert 40 eventually melts and thereafter fuses to and / or is integrally formed with the feedthrough pin means, exemplified as a plurality of feedthrough pins 42 that also pass axially through the flared insert 40, and thus are vacuum sealed thereto. The feedthrough pins 42 collectively form the plug 12 within a plug recess 44 defined by the flared insert 40. The plug 12 is therefore easily accessible for receiving power at various stages of production.

[0016] To that end, socket 14 is removably coupled to plug 12 within plug recess 44, which occurs with a correspondingly minimal level of effort. After connecting the various components of vacuum tube insert assembly 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2, flared insert 40, described below with respect to Figures 3 to 9, is connected to glass envelope 24, after which internal volume 25 is evacuated using a pump and other associated equipment.

[0017] Briefly referring to FIG. 3, the number of feedthrough pins 42 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) may vary depending on the configuration of the vacuum tube insert assembly 10. In some embodiments, for example, the filament(s) 39 may include multiple filaments 39, such as the dual focus type shown having filaments 139 and 239. Filaments 139 and 239 are shown with corresponding terminals or nodes, with filament 139 having nodes 57A and 57B and filament 239 having nodes 57B and 57C. Also shown is getter 70 with getter node 57D, and grid 72 with grid node 57E. The corresponding notations "S small", "C common", and "L large" can be used to connect a single "small" filament (e.g., filament 139 extending between nodes 57A and 57B) or a single "large" filament (e.g., filament 239 extending between nodes 57B and 57C). Filaments 139 and 239 may be connected in series by connecting nodes 57A and 57C. Filaments 139 and 239 may be connected in parallel by connecting nodes 57A, 57B, and 57C. As understood in the art, using smaller filaments produces smaller focal spots suitable for imaging smaller areas, for example. Conversely, using multiple / larger filaments produces larger focal spots with correspondingly larger imaging areas.

[0018] In addition to nodes 57A, 57B, and 57C, the feedthrough pins 42 of FIGS. 1 and 2 may also include "getter" and "grid" nodes 57D and 57E, respectively, for a total of five associated feedthrough pins 42 in this embodiment. The specific identities of nodes 57A through R may vary depending on the application, and thus the locations shown in the five-pin embodiment of FIG. 3 represent only one possible implementation. As used herein and in the art, getter absorbs off-gas particles during manufacturing and also helps maintain a vacuum after sealing. Thus, getter node 57D provides one of the electrical connections to getter 70. A grid can be used to focus electrons or for fast switching speeds, i.e., to limit or even block the flow of electrons as the x-ray source is turned on and off. Thus, grid node 57E provides one of the electrical connections to grid 72. It is also contemplated that some of the nodes shown will not be used, i.e., will be tied together, e.g., grid node 57, getter node 57E, and common node 57B, will be tied together either within the tube or external to the tube. As a result, cable 16 of FIG. 1 may not be supplied with the same number of voltage inputs as feedthrough pins 42, e.g., in the example of a four-pin or three-pin configuration. However, for illustrative consistency, vacuum tube insert assembly 10 will be described below as a representative five-pin configuration.

[0019] 4 and 5, the flared insert 40 includes an annular flange 45, such as, for example, a substantially flat disk as shown. The annular flange 45 is integrally formed with an axially extending stem 46, which in turn defines a plug concave surface 44 having an outer circumferential edge 47, which is shown but not labeled in FIG. 2. The plug concave surface 44 may, by way of example, have a generally hemispherical or rounded conical shape, such that the plug concave surface 44 has a concave bowl-like appearance from the perspective of FIG. 4. The tubular flange 45 surrounds the outer circumferential edge 47 of the plug concave surface 44, and the outer diameter and thickness of the annular flange 45 corresponds to the outer diameter and thickness of the remaining structure of the glass envelope 24 to which the insert will ultimately be fused or connected.

[0020] 4, the feedthrough pin 42 passes axially through the stem 46 and melts or fuses to the stem 46. The feedthrough pin 42 thus becomes integral with the surrounding glass of the stem 46 as the glass cools to provide the necessary vacuum-tight integrity between the vacuum side within the evacuated interior volume 25 of the glass envelope 24 (see FIG. 1) and the surrounding exterior / atmospheric pressure side of the vacuum tube insert assembly 10 shown in FIG.

[0021] The feedthrough pin 42 of FIG. 5 may include a central post 50 flanked by at least two pins 52, with four pins 52 surrounding the central post 50 in the non-limiting exemplary configuration of FIG. 5. The central post 50 may have a first radial dimension, such as a diameter, when the central post 50 is cylindrical, while each of the pins 52 may have a smaller second radial dimension. For example, the second radial dimension may be less than about 80 percent of the first radial dimension, such as about 40 percent to 60 percent of the first dimension, or about 25 percent to 75 percent of the first dimension, in various exemplary embodiments. By using a more robust or thicker configuration of the central post 50, for example, by providing a substantially rigid central indexing feature to which other components and / or fixtures may be aligned or referenced, construction of the vacuum tube insert assembly 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 may be facilitated. Although a cylindrical feedthrough pin is shown, the feedthrough pin may have a variety of cross-sections, including, but not limited to, circular, oval, rectangular, or another polygonal or other shape. The engagement features described in more detail below may be formed when two or more different cross-sectional shapes (or cross-sectional areas) are used on the feedthrough pin and the corresponding mating receptacle 56 of the socket 14 (FIGS. 7-8) such that the plug 12 is received by the socket 14 in a specified and / or unique orientation. Other engagement features may be formed by other variations of the features, with examples provided below, so long as the plug 12 is received by the socket 14 in a specified and / or unique orientation.

[0022] Proper fusion and adhesion of the glass material of the stem 46 to the feedthrough pin 42 may be accomplished by a variety of means, one of which is the use of a press and a heat source. As understood in the art and used herein, such a press may be used to pinch / concentrate the heated glass material of the stem 46 together such that the softened, viscous glass material flows around and surrounds the feedthrough pin 42. As the glass cools, the feedthrough pin 42 becomes one with the stem 46 with no intervening gaps or spaces present at the interface between the feedthrough pin 42 and the surrounding glass.

[0023] To facilitate the necessary vacuum-sealing properties, the material used to construct the feedthrough pin 42 must have a coefficient of expansion similar to that of the glass of the glass envelope 24, so that cracks or gaps do not occur as the glass cools and solidifies. One possible combination suitable for such a vacuum seal is a borosilicate glass or another hard glass for the construction of the flared insert 40, and a plated or non-plated metal, such as tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), or a nickel-cobalt alloy (Ni-Co-Fe), such as Kovar®, either of which is suitable for the construction of the feedthrough pin 42. That is, the feedthrough pin 42 may be constructed from a first metal that may be optionally plated with a second metal. When plated, a suitable conductive metal may be used to ensure continuity and reduce resistance, with elemental nickel (Ni), gold (Au), copper (Cu), or silver (Ag) being some possible plating materials. The plating material may have a high thermal resistance to reduce damage due to thermal stresses.

[0024] As best shown in Figure 4, the feedthrough pins 42 terminate at a location inside the plug recess 44 and collectively form the plug 12. The plug 12 is thus presented at a convenient height above the stem 46 for connecting power as needed to the vacuum tube insert assembly 10 of Figures 1 and 2, with compositions and levels of power that may vary depending on the particular stage of assembly, testing, or loading. For example, the length of the feedthrough pins 42 exposed within the volume of the plug recess 44 may be at least 4 mm to about 10 mm, or another suitable length sufficient to enter and securely engage a mating receptacle 56 of the socket 14, as described herein.

[0025] 6, the flared insert 40 is shown as it would appear when viewed from the exterior / atmospheric pressure side of the vacuum tube insert assembly 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The appearance of the inflexible / substantially rigid plug 12 (see FIG. 4) within the plug recess 44 eliminates the need to weld individual flexible wires to each of the feedthrough pins 42, for example, when installing the cathode assembly 28 of FIG. 1, which may be prone to manufacturing or operator error. Instead, the exposed feedthrough pins 42 of the plug 12 and the socket 14 may simply be engaged within the plug recess 44, with an annular flange 45 surrounding the outer periphery 47 of the plug recess 44.

[0026] The socket 14 terminates the wires 160 that form the cable 16, with the individual electrical contacts of the wires 160 being housed within the socket 14. Each of the wires 160 shown in FIG. 6 corresponds to one of the small, large, common, getter, or grid nodes described above in the representative five-pin embodiment of FIG. 6. For ease of assembly, the socket 14 may define a respective through channel 49 for each of the wires 160, which would allow the wires 160 to pass cleanly through the socket 14 and engage with a mating receptacle 56 housed therein, as shown in FIG. 7. For current limiting, current sensing, or other beneficial purposes, any or all of the receptacles 56 may include resistors therein or in series therewith.

[0027] As contemplated herein, each of the receptacles 56 may be constructed in a variety of alternative shapes and with internal contact structures appropriate for the application to receive and then securely retain a respective one of the feedthrough pins 42. That is, a resilient internal conductive connection or interference fit is provided between the mating feedthrough pins 42 and the receptacle 56 to ensure good electrical connection and continuity between the plug 12 and the socket 14. Alternative types of plug-socket connections, such as, but not limited to, male-female plug-socket configurations, hyperbolic contacts, or other suitable embodiments, may be used within the scope of this disclosure. Although omitted for simplicity of illustration, additional retention mechanisms, such as keyways or similar structures that require partial rotation of the mated socket 14 after inserting the plug 12 to securely lock the plug 12 in place, may also be used in other embodiments.

[0028] The material of construction of the socket 14 may vary depending on the stage of manufacture. For example, stages requiring the socket 14 to be exposed to higher temperatures or power levels would be constructed from high temperature resins, while lower temperature or steady state operation stages may use lower temperature materials such as polycarbonate. Lower temperature materials may be used in part because cooling oils and other thermal regulation structures are present in a fully assembled vacuum tube device, such as an x-ray tube, which reduces the thermal load on the socket 14 as well. To form the desired geometry, in some embodiments, three-dimensional (3D) printing or additive manufacturing techniques may be used to construct the socket 14 of FIG. 6.

[0029] Further with respect to the socket 14, errors during installation are reduced by the engagement feature 60 configured to allow the plug 12 to receive the socket 14 in a specified orientation of the socket 14, and vice versa. As described below, the socket 14 or the plug 12 may include the engagement feature 60, separately or together, in various embodiments to allow the plug 12 to receive the socket 14 in a specified orientation of the socket 14, and vice versa. To this end, an option for the plug 12 is to form at least one of the feedthrough pins 42 with a different height or length relative to the other feedthrough pins 42 to create a symmetry break at a defined height. For example, the engagement feature 60 may be implemented by leaving one or more of the feedthrough pins 42 longer than the remaining feedthrough pins 42, such feedthrough pins 42 referred to herein as elongated pins 142 for clarity (see FIGS. 1 and 4). For simplicity, one such elongated pin 142 is shown, but in other configurations, two or more feedthrough pins 42 may be elongated.

[0030] 7, the use of elongated pins 142 allows the socket 14 to include a radial end surface 340 connected to the stepped radial mid-wall surface 140, optionally via the axial wall 240. The radial mid-wall surface 140 may include at least one of the receptacles 56, the remaining receptacles 56 being housed within and opening from the radial end surface 340 as shown. The receptacle(s) 56 located on the mid-wall surface 140 may be configured to receive the elongated pins 142 (see FIG. 1) in this particular exemplary embodiment, with the identity of the elongated pins 142 to connections to the short, long, common, getter, or grid nodes or feeds discussed above varying depending on the desired application.

[0031] The use of a plurality of such elongated pins 142 in this manner ensures that an operator can connect the socket 14 to the plug 12 of Figures 1, 2, and 4 in a specified orientation. This feature also "error-proofs" the installation by reducing the likelihood of or preventing incorrect connections of the type typically established by individual manual connections made using, for example, alligator clips or direct wire connections. However, the elongated pins 142 are only one possible implementation of the engagement feature 60.

[0032] For example, briefly referring to the alternative engagement feature 600 of FIG. 8, the plug 12 of FIGS. 1, 2, and 4 may include a keyed or splined surface 420, such as by forming the keyed or splined surface 420 on a surface of the central post 50 or another feedthrough pin 42. In such an embodiment, the socket 14 includes a mating keyed or splined surface 61 that allows the designated orientation of the socket 14 to allow the central post 50 to enter the corresponding receptacle 56. As other possibilities for implementing the engagement feature 60 may exist, the use of the elongated pin 142 and / or the keyed / splined surfaces 420 and 61 are merely exemplary means for allowing the plug 12 to be coupled to the socket 14 in the designated orientation described above.

[0033] 9, the center post 50 described above may be used as an indexable feature for the purpose of ensuring proper spacing and leveling of the feedthrough pins 42, for example, prior to melting the stems 46 and sealing the feedthrough pins 42 therein. To facilitate installation, for example, the stems 46 may be leveled using a pin fixture 65 that indexes or aligns the stems 46 in the same orientation every time. The center post 50 is also used for alignment at later stages of manufacture, including final sealing, so the stems 46 need to maintain straight axial alignment. Such alignment is made possible by a representative pin fixture 65, for example, a solid planar base 66 connected to or integrally formed with an axially extending fixture post 68.

[0034] In operation, an operator may axially insert the individual feedthrough pins 42 forming the plug 12 into the mating openings 156 of the pin fixture, in this example the fixture posts 68, through the stems 46 which are in a fixed position relative to one another, and the fixture posts 68 eventually enter the plug recesses 44. The fixture has as many openings 156 as there are feedthrough pins 42, because the fixture is designed to hold the feedthrough pins 42 in place while the stems 46 are sealed. As best shown in FIG. 10, the radial surface 69 of the annular flange 45 then rests firmly on the base. The cathode assembly 10 shown in FIG. 10 (see also FIG. 1) is then electrically connected to the free ends E1 of the pass-through pins 42 extending from the stems 46 of FIG. 9. This fixing and leveling approach may be contrasted with the conventional approach in which the stems 46 are leveled with the radial surface 69 of the glass flare component 40, which is rarely, if ever, perfectly flat. As a result, the cathode head 36 (see FIG. 1) may sometimes appear slightly curved, which may result in an uneven focus.

[0035] Figure 11 illustrates an exemplary method 100 for constructing a vacuum tube insert assembly 10 for a vacuum tube, such as an x-ray tube, as described above with reference to Figures 1-10, for example. A possible embodiment of the method 100 begins at block B102 with providing a flared insert 40 having an annular flange 45 surrounding a plug recess 44 and a stem 46 integrally formed with and extending axially from the annular flange 45, as best shown in Figure 4. The method 100 then proceeds to block B104.

[0036] Block B104 involves axially inserting a plurality of feedthrough pins 42 through the stem 46 at fixed positions relative to one another such that the feedthrough pins 42 are collectively positioned within the plug recess 44 as the plug 12. In some embodiments of the method 100, this may include inserting the feedthrough pins 42 into the openings 156 in the pin retainer 65 with the pin retainer 65 having a fixed spacing between the openings 156 (see FIG. 9 ). The feedthrough pins 42 may then be pushed through the stem 56 using, for example, a pinch press. The use of the pin retainer 65 thus has the advantage of maintaining the plane of the annular flange 45 in a perpendicular orientation relative to the central post 50. The method 100 then proceeds to block B106.

[0037] Block B106 includes sealing the stem 46 to the feedthrough pin 42 such that the stem 46 is vacuum sealed to the feedthrough pin 42, thereby forming the plug 12. Sealing may involve forming a partially molten or viscous heat-softened glass of the stem 46, perhaps using a glass lathe and / or press, while the flared insert 40 is oriented, leveled, and held in the pin fixture 65 of FIG. 9 or a similar fixture. The stem 46 is thus vacuum sealed to the feedthrough pin 42, with the feedthrough pin 42 extending through the surrounding glass of the stem 46 and with no intervening space between them to compromise the vacuum. The method 100 then proceeds to block B108.

[0038] Block B108 of Figure 11 may include connecting the feedthrough pin 42 to a corresponding connection on the cathode head 36 and then setting the filament(s) 39 therein. As mentioned above, the feedthrough pin 42 is integrally formed with the heat-softened glass material of the stem 46 such that any potentially vacuum-depleting leak paths are sealed. Once the cathode assembly 28 is so connected, the method 100 proceeds to block B110.

[0039] At block B110, the method 100 includes completing the construction of the vacuum tube insert assembly 10. This may involve installing the remaining components of FIG. 1 in a non-limiting exemplary construction of an x-ray tube insert. For example, the anode assembly 26 of FIG. 1 may be threaded directly into the neck 33 and anode shank (not shown), while the cathode assembly 28 is placed on the center post 50. The stem 46 was leveled from the center post 50 using a pin fastener 65 so that the cathode head 36 is straight during sealing. As part of this effort, the flared insert 40 is connected to the glass envelope 24 of FIG. 1, thereby enclosing the cathode assembly 28 and the remaining components of FIG. 1 within the defined volume 25 of the glass envelope 24. The glass envelope 24 may be evacuated to form a vacuum. The method 100 then proceeds to block B112.

[0040] Block B112 of method 100 includes removably coupling a mating receptacle 56 of socket 14, best shown in Figure 7, to a feedthrough pin 42 of plug 12, which itself is located within plug recess 44 (see Figure 4). Power is thereby provided to vacuum tube insert assembly 10.

[0041] 7 and 8, block B112 may include orienting the socket 14 in a specified orientation when connecting the socket 14 to the plug 12. Different configurations of the socket 14 may be used to perform different stages of assembly and testing including final sealing, pumping, bakeout, radio frequency (RF), high pressure testing, and tanking, the latter being used for smoothing and removal of high field areas / irregularities such as small burrs.

[0042] Similarly, a different socket 14 would be used for sign-off at vital points such as voltage and pressure, and for connecting the vacuum tube insert assembly 10 to external power; the socket 14 would simply plug directly into the exposed plug 12 to effect the electrical connection. Loading would also be easier, since the operator would no longer have to feed individual wires through small holes in the insulator and individually connect the wires to the cathode assembly 28. Instead, the housing would be modified with the socket 14 plugging directly onto the feed-through pins 42, as described above.

[0043] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the vacuum tube insert assembly 10 includes a flared insert 40 having an annular flange 45 and a stem 46, each constructed from glass. The stem extends axially from the annular flange 45 and defines a plug recess 44. The annular flange 45 surrounds an outer periphery 47 of the plug recess 44. A plurality of feedthrough pins 42 are configured to connect to components of the vacuum tube insert assembly 10 and pass axially through and are sealed to the stem 46. The feedthrough pins 42 terminate a predetermined distance from the stem 46 inside the plug recess 44 to collectively form the plug 12. The socket 14 is configured to connect to the plug 12 within the plug recess 44, and the socket 14 includes a plurality of receptacles 56 collectively configured to removably couple to the feedthrough pins 42. The socket 14 or plug 12 include engagement features 60, 600, separately or together, configured to allow the plug 12 to receive the socket 14 in a specified orientation of the socket 14.

[0044] In one embodiment, the feedthrough pins 42 include a central post 50 and one or more remaining feedthrough pins 52. The central post 50 has a radial dimension that exceeds a radial dimension of each of the remaining feedthrough pins 52. The central post 50 and the feedthrough pins 42, 52 may be cylindrical in a possible configuration, where the one or more remaining feedthrough pins 52 include four feedthrough pins.

[0045] In another embodiment, the socket 14 further includes a flexible cable 16 coupled to a plurality of receptacles 56 .

[0046] The plug 12 may include an engagement feature 60 configured to allow the plug 12 to receive the socket 14 in a specified orientation. In a possible embodiment, the engagement feature 60 includes at least one of the feedthrough pins 42 having an extended length relative to a respective length of the one or more remaining feedthrough pins 42. The engagement feature 60 may also include a stepped radially intermediate wall surface 140 that accommodates at least one of the receptacles 56 configured to receive therein a respective one of the feedthrough pins 42 having an extended length.

[0047] The plug 12 and socket 14 include engagement features 600, which in the disclosed embodiment includes the keyed or splined surface 420 of the plug 12. The socket 14 in such an embodiment includes a mating keyed or splined surface 61 configured to receive the keyed or splined surface 420 of the plug 12 therein.

[0048] The feedthrough pins 42 may optionally be constructed from tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), or a nickel-cobalt-iron (Ni-Co-Fe) alloy.

[0049] The feedthrough pin 42 according to another possible embodiment is constructed from a first metal plated with a second metal.

[0050] As part of any of the above-described embodiments, the cathode assembly 28 may be surrounded by a glass envelope 24, and a flared insert 40 is connected to or integrally formed with the glass envelope 24. A feedthrough pin 42 is connected to the cathode assembly 28.

[0051] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the vacuum tube insert assembly 10 is configured as an x-ray tube insert assembly 10.

[0052] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method 100 for constructing a vacuum tube insert assembly 10 includes constructing a flared insert 40 and a stem 46 from glass, the flared insert 40 having an annular flange 45 surrounding a plug recess 44 and a stem 46 integrally formed with and extending axially therefrom. The method 100 in this embodiment includes axially inserting a plurality of feedthrough pins 42 through the stem 46 at fixed positions relative to one another such that the feedthrough pins 42 are collectively disposed as a plug 12 within the plug recess 44, with at least one of the feedthrough pins 42 being longer than the remaining amount of the feedthrough pins 42. The method 100 also includes sealing the stem 46 to the feedthrough pins 42, thereby forming a plug 12. The method 100 may also include removably coupling a mating receptacle 56 of the socket 14 to the feedthrough pins 42 of the plug 12 of the vacuum tube insert assembly 10.

[0053] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method 100 for constructing a vacuum tube insert assembly 10 includes constructing a flared insert 40 and a stem 46 from glass, the flared insert 40 having an annular flange 45 surrounding a plug recess 44 and a stem 46 integrally formed with and extending axially from the annular flange 45. The method 100 in this embodiment involves axially inserting a plurality of feedthrough pins 42 through the stem 46 in fixed positions relative to one another such that the feedthrough pins 42 are collectively positioned within the plug recess 44 as a plug 12. The method 100 also includes sealing the stems 46 to the feedthrough pins 42, thereby forming the plug 12. The socket 14 or plug 12 includes engagement features 60, 600, separately or together, configured to enable the plug 12 to receive the socket 14 in a designated orientation of the socket 14. The method 100 may also include removably coupling the mating receptacle 56 of the socket 14 to the feedthrough pin 42 of the plug 12 of the vacuum tube insert assembly 10 .

[0054] Axially inserting the multiple feedthrough pins 42 through the stem 46 in a fixed position relative to one another may include inserting the feedthrough pins 42 into multiple openings 156 in the pin retainer 65, the pin retainer 65 having a fixed spacing between the openings 156, and pushing the feedthrough pins 42 through the stem 46.

[0055] In a possible embodiment, the method 100 includes connecting the feedthrough pin 42 to a corresponding connection on the cathode assembly 28 and connecting the flared insert 40 to the glass envelope 24, thereby enclosing the cathode assembly 28 within the volume 25 of the glass envelope 24.

[0056] In one embodiment, the method 100 includes positioning the socket 14 in a specified orientation via the engagement features 60, 600 prior to connecting the socket 14 to the plug 12. The engagement features 60, 600 include at least one of the feedthrough pins 142 that is longer than the remaining amount of the feedthrough pins 42.

[0057] Removably coupling the mating receptacles 56 of the socket 14 to the feedthrough pins 42 of the plug 12 within the plug recess 44 includes, in a possible embodiment, inserting the elongated feedthrough pin 42 into one of the mating receptacles 56 located in the stepped radially intermediate wall surface 140 of the socket 14.

[0058] Removably coupling the mating receptacle 56 of the socket 14 to the feedthrough pin 42 of the plug 12 within the plug concave surface 44 may include inserting one or more keyed or splined surfaces 420 of the feedthrough pin 42 into one mating keyed or splined surface 61 of the mating receptacle 56.

[0059] Some embodiments of the disclosed vacuum tube insert assembly 10 include an annular flange means and a stem means. For example, the vacuum tube insert assembly may include a glass means including an annular flange means integrally formed with an axially extending stem means, the stem means defining a plug concave means. The annular flange means surrounds an outer periphery of the plug concave means. The plug means includes a plurality of feedthrough pin means that pass axially through the glass means, are sealed to the glass means, and terminate inside the plug concave means. The socket means may be configured to connect to the plug means within the plug concave means. A plurality of receptacle means of the socket means are configured to removably couple to the feedthrough pin means of the plug means. The socket means or plug means may include engagement features, separately or together, configured to allow the plug means to receive the socket means in a designated orientation of the socket means, and vice versa.

[0060] The engagement feature means may optionally include a keyed or splined surface of the plug means and a mating keyed or splined surface of the socket means configured to receive the keyed or splined surface of the plug means therein.

[0061] An example of an annular flange means includes an annular flange 42. An example of a stem means includes an axially extending stem 46 integrally formed with the glass envelope 24, the stem 46 defining the plug concave means. Further, an example of a plug concave means includes the plug concave 44 described above, the annular flange means surrounding the outer periphery of the plug concave means. An example of a plug means includes the plug 12 described above including a plurality of feed-through in means, an example of which includes the feed-through pins 42 described above that pass axially through the glass means, are sealed to the glass means, and terminate inside the plug concave means. The socket means in this embodiment of the disclosure illustrated as socket 14 is configured to connect to the plug means within the plug concave means. A plurality of receptacle means of the socket means are configured to removably couple to the feed-through pin means of the plug means, an example of the receptacle means being the receptacle 56 described above.

[0062] The plug means in some embodiments includes an engagement feature means configured to allow the plug means to receive the socket means in a specified orientation, examples of engagement feature means include engagement features 60, 600 discussed above.

[0063] The following provisions provide representative configurations of vacuum tube insert assemblies, and methods for assembling vacuum tube insert assemblies, as disclosed herein.

[0064] Clause 1: A vacuum tube insert assembly comprising: a flared insert having an annular flange and a stem, each constructed from glass, the stem extending axially from the annular flange and defining a plug concavity, the annular flange surrounding an outer periphery of the plug concavity; a plurality of feedthrough pins configured to couple to components of the vacuum tube insert assembly, the plurality of feedthrough pins passing axially through and sealed to the stem, the feedthrough pins terminating a predetermined distance from the stem inside the plug concavity to collectively form a plug; and a socket configured to connect to the plug within the plug concavity, the socket including a plurality of receptacles collectively configured to removably couple to the feedthrough pins, the socket or the plug separately or together including an engagement feature configured to enable the plug to receive the socket in a designated orientation of the socket.

[0065] Clause 2: The vacuum tube insert assembly of clause 1, wherein the feedthrough pin includes a central post and one or more remaining feedthrough pins, the central post having a radial dimension that exceeds a radial dimension of each of the remaining feedthrough pins.

[0066] Clause 3: The vacuum tube insert assembly of clause 2, wherein the central post and the pin are cylindrical, and the one or more remaining feedthrough pins include four feedthrough pins.

[0067] Clause 4: A vacuum tube insertion assembly described in any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the socket further comprises a flexible cable coupled to the plurality of receptacles.

[0068] Clause 5: A vacuum tube insert assembly as described in any one of clauses 1 to 4, wherein the plug includes the engagement feature.

[0069] Clause 6: A vacuum tube insert assembly as described in clause 5, wherein the engagement feature includes at least one of the feedthrough pins having an extended length compared to a respective length of one or more remaining feedthrough pins.

[0070] Clause 7: The vacuum tube insertion assembly of clause 6, wherein the engagement feature includes a stepped radially intermediate wall surface that accommodates at least one of the receptacles, the at least one of the receptacles being configured to receive therein a respective one of the feedthrough pins having the extended length.

[0071] Clause 8: The vacuum tube insert assembly of clause 5, wherein the plug and the socket include the engagement features, the engagement features including a keyed or splined surface of the plug, and the socket includes a mating keyed or splined surface configured to receive the keyed or splined surface of the plug therein.

[0072] Clause 9: The vacuum tube insert assembly of any one of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the feedthrough pin is constructed from tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), or a nickel-cobalt iron (Ni-Co-Fe) alloy.

[0073] Clause 10: A vacuum tube insert assembly as described in any one of clauses 1 to 9, wherein the feedthrough pin is constructed from a first metal that is plated with a second metal.

[0074] Clause 11: The vacuum tube insert assembly of any one of clauses 1 to 10, further comprising a cathode assembly surrounded by a glass envelope, the flared insert being connected to the glass envelope or integrally formed with the glass envelope, and the feedthrough pin being connected to the cathode assembly.

[0075] Clause 12: The vacuum tube insert assembly of clause 11, wherein the vacuum tube insert assembly is configured as an X-ray tube insert assembly.

[0076] Clause 13: A method for constructing a vacuum tube insert assembly comprising: constructing a flared insert and stem from glass, the flared insert having an annular flange surrounding a plug concave surface, the stem being integrally formed with and extending axially from the annular flange; axially inserting a plurality of feedthrough pins through the stem at fixed positions relative to one another such that the feedthrough pins are collectively positioned as a plug within the plug concave surface; and sealing the stem to the feedthrough pins, thereby forming the plug, the plug or mating socket including an engagement feature that enables the plug to receive the socket in a specified orientation.

[0077] Clause 14: The method of clause 13, wherein axially inserting the plurality of feedthrough pins through the stem at fixed positions relative to one another further comprises inserting the feedthrough pins into a plurality of openings in a pin retainer, the pin retainer having a fixed spacing between the openings, and pushing the feedthrough pins through the stem.

[0078] Clause 15: The method of any of clauses 13 or 14, further comprising removably coupling a mating receptacle of the socket to the feedthrough pin of the plug of the vacuum tube insert assembly.

[0079] Clause 16: The method of clause 15, further comprising positioning the socket in the specified orientation via the engagement features prior to connecting the socket to the plug, the engagement features including at least one of the feedthrough pins being an elongated feedthrough pin that is longer than the remaining amount of the feedthrough pins.

[0080] Clause 17: The method of clause 15, wherein releasably coupling the mating receptacles of the socket to the feedthrough pins of the plug within the plug concave surface includes inserting an elongated feedthrough pin into one of the mating receptacles located on a stepped radially intermediate wall surface of the socket.

[0081] Clause 18: A method according to any one of clauses 15 to 17, wherein releasably coupling the mating receptacle of the socket to the feedthrough pin of the plug within the plug concave surface comprises inserting one or more keyed or splined surfaces of the feedthrough pin into mating keyed or splined surfaces of the mating receptacle.

[0082] Clause 19: A vacuum tube insert assembly comprising: glass means including annular flange means formed integrally with axially extending stem means, said stem means defining a plug concave means, said annular flange means surrounding an outer periphery of said plug concave means; plug means including a plurality of feedthrough pin means passing axially through said glass means and sealed to said glass means and terminating inside said plug concave means; and socket means configured to connect said plug means within said plug concave means, said socket means including a plurality of receptacle means configured to removably mate with said feedthrough pin means of said plug means, said socket means or said plug means separately or together including engagement feature means configured to enable said plug means to receive said socket means in a designated orientation of said socket means.

[0083] Clause 20: A vacuum tube insert assembly as described in clause 19, wherein the engagement feature means includes a keyed or splined surface of the plug means and a mating keyed or splined surface of the socket means configured to receive therein the keyed or splined surface of the plug means.

[0084] Although these systems and methods have been described with respect to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted to adapt these teachings to other problems, materials, and techniques without departing from the scope of the claims. Features, aspects, components, or operations of one embodiment may be combined with features, aspects, components, or operations of other embodiments described herein. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the particular examples disclosed, but rather includes all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0085] The claims following this written disclosure are hereby expressly incorporated into the present disclosure, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment. This disclosure includes all variations of the independent claims with the dependent claims. Furthermore, additional embodiments that may be derived from the following independent and dependent claims are also expressly incorporated into the present description. These additional embodiments are determined by replacing the dependency of a given dependent claim with the phrase "any of the claims beginning with claim [x] and ending with the claim immediately preceding this claim," where the bracketed term "[x]" is replaced with the number of the most recently described independent claim. For example, for the first set of claims beginning with independent claim 1, claim 3 depends on any of claims 1 and 2, and these separate dependencies can result in two different embodiments; claim 4 depends on any one of claims 1, 2, or 3, and these separate dependencies can result in three different embodiments; claim 5 depends on any one of claims 1, 2, 3, or 4, and these separate dependencies can result in four different embodiments, and so on.

[0086] The recitation in a claim of the term "first" with respect to a feature or element does not necessarily imply the presence of a second, or additional, such feature or element. When present, elements specifically recited in means-plus-function form are intended to be construed to cover the corresponding structure, material, or acts described herein, and their equivalents, pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §112(f). The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive right or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

Claims

1. A vacuum tube insertion assembly, A flared insertion component having an annular flange and a stem each constructed from glass, the stem extending axially from the annular flange and defining a plug concave surface, the annular flange surrounding the outer peripheral edge of the plug concave surface, the flared insertion component; A plurality of feed-through pins configured to couple to components of the vacuum tube insertion assembly, passing axially through the stem and sealed to the stem, the feed-through pins comprising a continuous material extending from an inner surface of the stem to an interior volume of the vacuum tube insertion assembly at a first distance and terminating at a second distance from an outer surface of the stem inside the plug concave surface, collectively forming a plug, the plurality of feed-through pins; A socket configured to connect to the plug within the plug concave surface, the socket including a plurality of receptacles collectively configured to removably couple to the feed-through pins, the socket or the plug including engagement features, separately or together, configured to enable the plug to receive the socket in a designated orientation of the socket, the socket; Comprising the vacuum tube insertion assembly.

2. The vacuum tube insertion assembly according to claim 1, wherein the feed-through pins include a central post and one or more remaining feed-through pins, the central post having a radial dimension that exceeds a radial dimension of each of the remaining feed-through pins.

3. The vacuum tube insertion assembly according to claim 2, wherein the central post and the feed-through pins are cylindrical and the one or more remaining feed-through pins include four feed-through pins.

4. The vacuum tube insertion assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the socket further comprises a flexible cable coupled to the plurality of receptacles.

5. The vacuum tube insertion assembly according to claim 1, wherein the plug includes the engagement feature.

6. The vacuum tube insertion assembly according to claim 5, wherein the engagement feature includes at least one of the feed-through pins having a length extended compared to the length of each of the one or more remaining feed-through pins.

7. The vacuum tube insertion assembly according to claim 6, wherein the engagement feature includes a stepped radially intermediate wall surface that houses at least one of the receptacles, and the at least one of the receptacles is configured to receive therein each of the feed-through pins having the extended length.

8. The vacuum tube insertion assembly according to claim 5, wherein the plug and the socket include the engagement feature, the engagement feature includes a keyed or splined surface of the plug, and the socket includes a mating keyed or splined surface configured to receive therein the keyed or splined surface of the plug.

9. The vacuum tube insertion assembly according to claim 1, wherein the feed-through pin is constructed from tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), or a nickel-cobalt-iron (Ni-Co-Fe) alloy.

10. The vacuum tube insertion assembly according to claim 1, wherein the feed-through pin is constructed from a first metal plated with a second metal.

11. The vacuum tube insertion assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a cathode assembly surrounded by a glass envelope, wherein the flared insertion component is connected to the glass envelope or integrally formed with the glass envelope, and the feed-through pin is connected to the cathode assembly.

12. The vacuum tube insertion assembly according to claim 11, wherein the vacuum tube insertion assembly is configured as an X-ray tube insertion assembly. Claim 13 A method for constructing a vacuum tube insertion assembly, constructing a flared insertion part and a stem from glass, the flared insertion part having an annular flange surrounding a plug concave surface, the stem being integrally formed with the annular flange and extending axially from the annular flange, the constructing, inserting a plurality of feed-through pins axially through the stem in fixed positions relative to each other such that a continuous material extending from an inner surface of the stem to an inner volume of the vacuum tube insertion assembly at a first distance and terminating at a second distance from an outer surface of the stem in the plug concave surface is collectively disposed as a plug within the plug concave surface, sealing the stem to the feed-through pins, thereby forming the plug, the forming including engagement features such that the plug or mating socket is capable of receiving the mating socket in a specified orientation of the plug, the method including. Claim 14 Axially inserting the plurality of feed-through pins through the stem in fixed positions relative to each other is, inserting the feed-through pins into a plurality of openings of a pin fixture, the inserting, wherein the pin fixture has a fixed spacing between the openings, pushing the feed-through pins through the stem, the method according to claim 13, further comprising. Claim 15 The method according to claim 13 or 14, further comprising removably coupling a mating receptacle of the mating socket to the feed-through pins of the plug of the vacuum tube insertion assembly. Claim 16 Positioning the mating socket in the specified orientation via the engagement feature before connecting the mating socket to the plug, the engagement feature including at least one of the feed-through pins that is longer than the remaining feed-through pins, the method of claim 15.

17. Removably coupling the mating receptacle of the mating socket to the feed-through pin of the plug within the plug recess includes inserting an elongate feed-through pin into one of the mating receptacles located on the stepped radial intermediate wall surface of the mating socket, the method of claim 15.

18. Removably coupling the mating receptacle of the mating socket to the feed-through pin of the plug within the plug recess includes inserting one or more keyed or splined surfaces of the feed-through pin into a mating keyed or splined surface of one of the mating receptacles, the method of claim 15.

19. A vacuum tube insertion assembly, A glass enclosure including an annular flange integrally formed with an axially extending stem, the stem defining a plug recess, the annular flange surrounding an outer peripheral edge of the plug recess, the glass enclosure, A plug passing axially through the glass enclosure and sealed to the glass enclosure, the plug including a plurality of feed-through pins, the feed-through pins comprising a continuous material extending from an inner surface of the stem to an inner volume of the glass enclosure at a first distance and extending from an outer surface of the stem at a second distance so as to terminate inside the plug recess, the plug, A socket configured to connect the plug within the plug concave surface, wherein a plurality of receptacles of the socket are configured to removably couple to the feed-through pins of the plug, and the socket or the plug includes, separately or together, engagement features configured to enable the plug to receive the socket in a designated orientation of the socket, and the socket The vacuum tube insertion assembly comprising.

20. The vacuum tube insertion assembly according to claim 19, wherein the engagement features include a keyed or splined surface of the plug and a mating keyed or splined surface of the socket configured to receive the keyed or splined surface of the plug therein.

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