Absorbent articles

Abstract

An absorbent article having a chassis formed of a topsheet and a backsheet, and an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet. A first non-elasticated cuff and a second non-elasticated cuff are provided on the body-facing surface of the absorbent article on either side of a longitudinal centerline. Each of the cuffs has a proximal end attached to the chassis and a distal end extending toward the centerline, and the width of the cuff measured between the proximal and distal ends is at least 3 mm. The cuffs of the absorbent article incorporate a fold at the distal end to form a cuff having at least two layers, or a thickness of at least 0.04 g. * The cuff may have a minimum cuff stiffness of 1.0 cm.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an absorbent article having a first non-elasticated cuff and a second non-elasticated cuff. [Background technology]

[0002] Disposable absorbent articles having barrier cuffs are known and currently available commercially to help reduce the likelihood of leakage. Generally, the barrier cuffs include one or more pre-strained elastic strands that cause the barrier cuff to stand up against the top surface of the diaper or pad during use.

[0003] Such barrier cuffs work very well, for example, in diapers intended to support large volumes of exudates and where it is desirable to maintain a reliable distance between the wearer's skin and the soiled surface of the absorbent article. However, where the volume of exudates is low and / or where the absorbent article is intended for daily use under normal clothing, these elasticated barrier cuffs may be uncomfortable and / or may result in a less discrete absorbent article. The inclusion of elasticated means also increases the manufacturing costs of such articles.

[0004] Conversely, particularly for adult incontinence pads intended to absorb urine, omitting the barrier cuffs entirely may have a detrimental effect on the effectiveness of the absorbent article, particularly if, for example, urine is periodically spurted onto the surface of the absorbent article. Even with a small spurt, it takes time for the urine to penetrate the absorbent article and be fully absorbed, i.e., there is a risk of side leakage from the surface of the absorbent article. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Thus, there is a need for a more comfortable barrier cuff that still provides some protection against side leakage. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The present invention is directed to an absorbent article having a longitudinal centerline, the absorbent article comprising: a) a chassis including a topsheet and a backsheet; b) an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet; and c) a first non-elasticated cuff and a second non-elasticated cuff disposed on either side of the longitudinal centerline on a body-facing surface of the absorbent article, each of the cuffs having a proximal end attached to the chassis and a distal end extending toward the longitudinal centerline, each of the cuffs having a width of at least 3 mm measured between the proximal and distal ends, and each of the cuffs being formed of a single layer of material that is folded at the distal end to form a cuff having at least two layers.

[0007] The non-elasticated cuffs described herein are flush with the topsheet after the absorbent article is manufactured. Having a non-elasticated cuff of a particular width (i.e., the distance from the proximal end to the distal end of the cuff) folded over at its distal end provides a cuff that stands up against the topsheet when the absorbent article changes its position (e.g., during normal use) and provides an effective barrier against side leakage of exudates from the surface of the absorbent article.

[0008] The present invention further provides an absorbent article having a longitudinal centerline, the absorbent article comprising: a) a chassis including a topsheet and a backsheet; b) an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet; and c) a first non-elasticated cuff and a second non-elasticated cuff disposed on a body-facing surface of the absorbent article on either side of the longitudinal centerline, each of the cuffs having a proximal end attached to the chassis and a distal end extending toward the longitudinal centerline, wherein the width of the cuff measured between the proximal and distal ends is at least 3 mm, and each of the cuffs has a compressibility of at least 0.04 g. * The present invention relates to an absorbent article having a cuff having a cuff stiffness of 1.0 cm.

[0009] The non-elasticated cuffs described herein are flush with the topsheet after the absorbent article is manufactured. Having a non-elasticated cuff of a particular width (i.e., the distance from the proximal end to the distal end of the cuff) and minimal stiffness provides a cuff that stands up against the topsheet when the absorbent article changes position (e.g., during normal use) and provides an effective barrier against side leakage of exudates from the surface of the absorbent article. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention can be better understood when read in conjunction with the drawings included herein. [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of an absorbent article as described herein from above. [Figure 2A] 2 is a schematic alternative form of the absorbent article shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 2B] 2 is a schematic alternative form of the absorbent article shown in FIG. 1. [Diagram 3] 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the absorbent article shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of FIG. 1 with additional details highlighted. [Figure 5A] 2 is a schematic alternative configuration of a cuff provided on an absorbent article as described herein. [Figure 5B] 2 is a schematic alternative configuration of a cuff provided on an absorbent article as described herein. [Figure 5C] 2 is a schematic alternative configuration of a cuff provided on an absorbent article as described herein. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the test method and equipment used to measure curved CD run-out. [Figure 7A] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test method and apparatus for measuring overall pad stiffness. [Figure 7B] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test method and apparatus for measuring overall pad stiffness. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] The present invention generally relates to feminine hygiene articles, which are known to be absorbent articles worn externally by women, usually to absorb vaginal discharge and / or urinary leakage. The term feminine hygiene articles encompasses articles commonly referred to as pads, panty liners, liners, sanitary napkins, sanitary towels, adult incontinence pads, and interlabial devices. These articles are typically held in place adjacent to the user's pubic area by the user's undergarments and may be secured thereto by adhesives or other attachment means.

[0012] As used herein, the term "flush" means directly abutting or directly adjacent to the recited portion of the article.

[0013] As used herein, the term "nonwoven web" refers to a web having a structure in which individual fibers or threads are intertwined, but not in a repeating pattern as in woven or knitted fabrics, which do not typically have randomly oriented fibers. The basis weight of a nonwoven fabric is usually expressed in grams per square meter (gsm). The basis weight of a nonwoven web / laminate is the combined basis weight of the constituent layers and any other added components. Fiber diameters are usually expressed in micrometers, but fiber dimensions can also be expressed in denier, a unit of weight per length of fiber.

[0014] As used herein, "spunbond fibers" refers to small diameter fibers formed by extruding molten thermoplastic material as filaments through a plurality of fine, usually circular, spinneret capillaries. Spunbond fibers are typically not tacky when deposited on a collecting surface. Spunbond fibers are generally continuous and have an average diameter (from at least 10 samples) greater than 7 micrometers, more specifically, between about 8 and 40 micrometers.

[0015] As used herein, "philic" and "antiphilic" have their established meanings in the art with respect to the contact angle of the referenced liquid on the surface of the material. Thus, materials having a liquid contact angle of greater than about 75 degrees are considered antiphilic, and materials having a liquid contact angle of less than about 75 degrees are considered philic.

[0016] The absorbent article described herein comprises a chassis having a topsheet and a backsheet, an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet, and a first non-elasticated cuff and a second non-elasticated cuff disposed on a body-facing surface of the absorbent article on either side of a longitudinal centerline. Each of the cuffs has a proximal end attached to the chassis and a distal end extending toward the longitudinal centerline, and the width of the cuff measured between the proximal and distal ends is at least 3 mm. The cuffs of the absorbent article incorporate a fold at the distal end to form a cuff having at least two layers, or a cuff having a thickness of at least 0.04 g. * The first and second cuffs may have a minimum cuff stiffness of 100 mm. During manufacture, the first and second cuffs are positioned such that a distal end, or a portion thereof, of each cuff is flush on the body-facing surface of the absorbent article. During use, the distal ends, or a portion thereof, of the cuffs are raised away from the surface of the absorbent article such that the cuffs act as a barrier to side leakage of any exudates that are lodged on the surface of the absorbent article.

[0017] Elasticated cuffs are well known to provide protection against side leakage in absorbent articles. Elastics create tension in the cuffs, which make them "stand up" against the surface of the absorbent article to which they are attached. Such cuffs are particularly useful in adult incontinent absorbent articles that are expected to absorb large amounts of urine. The cuffs prevent urine leakage from the surface of the absorbent article and allow time for the urine to penetrate into the article and be absorbed into the absorbent core. However, such elasticated cuffs may be uncomfortable for users, especially for users who wish to use them daily. Furthermore, absorbent articles that are often used daily may not need to provide the same level of protection provided by elasticated cuffs. The inventors have accordingly found a balance between providing some additional protection through the use of non-elasticated cuffs without compromising user comfort. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that having a minimum width allows the distal end to lift away from the topsheet and provide a barrier against side leakage of liquid from the surface of the chassis, i.e., allowing more time for liquid to be absorbed by the absorbent article. Additionally, increasing the stiffness (either by providing a minimum stiffness or by introducing a fold at the distal end of the cuff) provides a stronger cuff that can better withstand the force of liquid that might otherwise run off the topsheet.

[0018] The first and second cuffs may include two or more layers of material. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that providing multiple layers of material within the cuff increases the stiffness and strength of the cuff. This results in the cuff buckling against the topsheet and therefore the distal end standing up against the topsheet. The increased strength enhances the ability of the cuff to withstand forces from liquids pressing against the cuff. Additionally, the use of multiple layers of material provides improved hydrophobicity that prevents fluids from passing through the cuff. By providing a cuff with a distal end that extends some distance above the absorbent core, the rise provided by the absorbent core to the surrounding chassis also helps allow the cuff to "stand up" against the topsheet.

[0019] Alternatively or additionally, the absorbent article may include panty fastening means on the garment-facing surface of the backsheet. If attachment means are provided, they are preferably located inside the attachment points of the first and second cuffs in the central section of the absorbent article. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that by locating the panty fastening means inside the attachment points of the first and second cuffs, the distal ends of each of the cuffs can flex / buckle separately from the garment to which they are attached as the article moves. This is particularly important in the central region of the pad, where the greatest amount of exudates are likely to be received. This flexing / buckling causes the distal ends of the cuffs to rise against the topsheet, as the cuffs naturally rise at an angle since they have more flexibility to only move relative to the chassis.

[0020] FIG. 1 shows an absorbent article 2 having a longitudinal centerline and a lateral centerline. The longitudinal centerline (LO) extends generally parallel to the longest dimension of the absorbent article. The lateral centerline (LA) extends generally perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline and is in the same plane as the absorbent article when laid flat on a flat surface. With reference to current conventional manufacturing of absorbent articles, the machine direction (MD) may be generally parallel to the longitudinal centerline, while the cross machine direction (CD) may be generally parallel to the lateral centerline. The lateral centerline provides a boundary between the first half 4 and the second half 6 of the absorbent article, with the front end 8 defined at the point toward the front of the article that extends furthest from the lateral centerline, and the rear end 10 defined at the point toward the rear of the article that extends furthest from the lateral centerline.

[0021] The absorbent article has three distinct sections: a front section 12, a rear section 14, and a central section 16. The central section 16 is typically the portion of the absorbent article 2 that is intended to receive the majority of exudates. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, which has a generally elongated oval shape, the front section 12 is defined by the area of ​​the article that tapers from the front widest part 18 to the front end, and similarly, the rear section 14 is defined by the area of ​​the article that tapers from the rear widest part 20 to the rear end. Considering a typical hourglass shape of an absorbent article as shown in FIG. 2A, or a staggered hourglass shape as shown in FIG. 2B, the front section can be defined as the area within the first half of the absorbent article that extends from the widest part 18 to the front end of the absorbent article. The rear section 14 may be defined as the area in the second half of the absorbent article extending from the widest portion 20 to the rear end of the absorbent article, or vice versa. The central section 16 may be defined as the "waisted" area between the widest portion 18 in the first half and the widest portion 20 in the second half.

[0022] Or, for example, in an absorbent article having a wide rear and a shape that tapers toward the front (as is the case with some overnight pads), the front section may be the first 1 / 3 of the pad extending from the front end toward the rear, the rear section may be the rear 1 / 3 of the pad extending from the rear end toward the front, and the middle section may be the 1 / 3 of the pad between the front and rear sections.

[0023] In addition to those mentioned above, it will be appreciated that the article may have a variety of different shapes, for example, an offset hourglass (where the front and rear ends are wider than the central section, and the absorbent article is symmetric about the longitudinal centerline but asymmetric about the lateral centerline), a bicycle seat shape (with a wider front or rear end that tapers toward the opposite end). Similar front, rear and central sections may be defined in all variations. The absorbent article may be symmetric about the longitudinal centerline or asymmetric about the longitudinal centerline. Similarly, the absorbent article may be symmetric about the lateral centerline or asymmetric about the lateral centerline.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 3, the absorbent article comprises a chassis 30 including at least a topsheet 32 ​​and a backsheet 34 between which an absorbent core 36 is disposed. The topsheet 32 ​​has a body-facing surface 38, and the backsheet 34 has a garment-facing surface 40. The topsheet and backsheet may be of the same shape as shown in FIG. 3, such that the periphery 42 of the chassis 30 defines the overall shape of the absorbent article. Alternatively, the backsheet 34 may have a larger overall surface area (not shown) than the topsheet 32, thereby minimizing the possibility of fluid wicking into the peripheral area of ​​the article. In such an embodiment, the overall footprint of the chassis is defined by the periphery of the backsheet. Additional layers between the topsheet and the backsheet are contemplated, such as secondary topsheets, acquisition layers, distribution layers, and barrier layers. The absorbent article also typically includes an attachment means 44 on the garment-facing surface of the backsheet for fastening the absorbent article to the user's panties.

[0025] The topsheet 32 ​​and backsheet 34 may be secured together by any known means, such as by crimping, adhesively bonding, thermally bonding, mechanically bonding, or by a combination of any known methods.

[0026] Absorbent articles such as those described herein may be folded to make the pad more convenient for the consumer and easier to transport and store. The fold lines along which the pad can be folded tend to provide a natural bias for the distal ends to separate themselves from the topsheet. Thus, when a user unfolds a pre-folded pad, the distal ends may already be "standing up" along the pad lines. Thus, preferably, the absorbent article includes a first fold line 50 and a second fold line 52 (shown in FIG. 4 ) that divide the absorbent article into three parts. In one embodiment, the first fold line and the second fold line may coincide with the boundaries between the front section, the center section, and the rear section. Thus, the distal ends are pre-positioned to separate from the topsheet, especially in the center section where the greatest amount of bodily exudates are likely to be discharged onto the absorbent article.

[0027] Barrier Cuff As shown in Figure 3, the absorbent article comprises a first non-elastic barrier cuff 100 on one side of the longitudinal centerline and a second non-elastic barrier cuff 102 on the other side of the longitudinal centerline. As used herein, "non-elastic" means the absence of any elastic elements other than the natural elasticity inherently found in the material itself. Thus, the barrier cuffs do not contain any rubber threads, tapes, or other man-made objects that would increase the naturally occurring elastic properties of the cuff material.

[0028] The first and second barrier cuffs 100, 102 are provided at least in the central section 16 of the absorbent article 2, although it will be understood that the first and second barrier cuffs may extend longitudinally from the front to the rear of the absorbent article. The first and second cuffs 100, 102 may be attached directly to a body-facing surface 38 of the absorbent article, such as the topsheet 32, or may be attached at any other point on the absorbent article, such as the backsheet 34. The first and second barrier cuffs extend towards the longitudinal centerline of the absorbent article.

[0029] After manufacture, the first and second barrier cuffs are typically flush with the topsheet, and the distal ends extend upwards only when the pad changes its position, e.g., by folding for packaging or during consumer use. The barrier cuffs serve to provide some additional protection to the absorbent article, especially when it is initially assaulted, e.g., by a sudden gush of urine. In such a situation, it may take some time for the exudates to penetrate the absorbent article and reach the absorbent core. The first and second cuffs help to limit lateral leakage from the top surface of the absorbent article.

[0030] The first and second cuffs have proximal ends 104 attached between the longitudinal centerline and the longitudinal edge of the chassis. Preferably, the proximal end of each barrier cuff is adjacent to the longitudinal edge of the chassis, although it will be understood that the proximal end of the barrier cuff may also be located inboard of the longitudinal edge of the chassis. The distal ends 108 of each of the first and second barrier cuffs extend toward the longitudinal centerline of the absorbent article. For the avoidance of doubt, within at least the central section of the absorbent article, the distal ends 108 of each of the first and second cuffs are not attached to the topsheet or the chassis. Thus, the distal ends of the first and second cuffs in at least the central section of the chassis are free to lift from the topsheet, thus preventing exudates from flowing laterally from the surface of the absorbent article.

[0031] Preferably, the width of the first and second barrier cuffs, i.e., the distance measured between the proximal and distal ends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline, is at least 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, or 8 mm. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the cuffs require a minimum width so that the distal ends 108 separate from and "stand up" against the topsheet. Where the width of the cuffs varies along the length of each cuff, the width is measured at the lateral center point of the absorbent article. This typically coincides with the minimum width of the cuffs at the central section of the absorbent article.

[0032] Preferably, the distal ends of one or both of the first and second barrier cuffs extend over a portion of the absorbent core. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the difference in thickness and stiffness in the core region compared to the chassis increases the ease with which the cuffs can separate from and "stand up" against the topsheet. Thus, preferably, the first and second barrier cuffs extend over the absorbent core by at least 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, or 3.5 mm. Furthermore, to ensure that a sufficient surface area of ​​the topsheet above the core is exposed to the user's body, the first and second barrier cuffs together extend over the width W of the core, measured at the widest part of the core. c The core may extend over 1%-70% of the surface area of ​​the lining. At least 30% of the core should remain exposed to allow bodily waste to be absorbed.

[0033] Preferably, the extent to which the first and second barrier cuffs extend over the absorbent core is less than the overall width W of the absorbent article, measured at its widest point. aa For example, for a pad having a maximum width of 100 mm, each cuff is spaced from the widest point W of the absorbent article. AA The cuff is between 3 mm and 40 mm wide, measured along the length of the cuff. There is a balance between providing a cuff that is wide enough to hold a sufficient amount of liquid, not so wide that it becomes too heavy to lift off the topsheet, and / or so wide that it covers the core and makes it more difficult for liquid to be absorbed.

[0034] The first and second cuffs may be attached to the chassis along the longitudinal edges of the absorbent article. Preferably, the first and second cuffs are in contact with the topsheet and are attached to the topsheet, although embodiments in which the cuffs may be attached between the topsheet and the backsheet or to the backsheet may also be envisioned. Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in Figures 5A and 5B, the cuffs may be formed as extensions of either the topsheet or the backsheet.

[0035] 3 and 4 are typically provided at the proximal end of each cuff along the longitudinal edge of the chassis, although as noted above, the cuffs may be attached to the inside edge of the chassis. The cuffs may be crimped together with the chassis and / or adhered in some other known manner, e.g., with an adhesive. Preferably, the cuffs are crimped and adhered to the chassis. Crimping and adhering the cuffs to the chassis allows for better control of the behavior of the cuffs both during manufacture and during use.

[0036] Preferably, the attachment strip has a width extending from the proximal edge of the cuff of 1 mm to 20 mm, 2 mm to 17 mm, 3 mm to 15 mm, 4 mm to 12 mm, 5 mm to 10 mm, 6 mm to 9 mm. In the front and rear sections of the absorbent article, and particularly in the front and rear ends of the chassis, the cuff may be pressed, glued or otherwise attached to the topsheet from some or all of the area from the proximal end to the distal end. Fixing the distal ends of the cuff in the front and rear sections creates extra tension in the cuff, which further allows the cuff to stand up against the topsheet in the central section, providing better control during manufacturing.

[0037] In embodiments, the first and second barrier cuffs may be formed of more than one layer of material, as shown in Figures 5A, 5B, and 5C. Providing more than one layer effectively increases the overall stiffness and strength of the cuffs, allowing them to more easily separate from the topsheet and therefore stand up against the topsheet, providing better protection during use. Multiple layers also provide better protection against liquids passing through the cuffs, and more strength when fluids get under the cuffs.

[0038] If the first cuff and / or the second cuff include multiple layers, the cuff may be formed of multiple strips of material attached together either at the attachment strip or at the distal end. Alternatively, the cuff may include one or more folds formed in a single piece of material to form a cuff with multiple layers. If the cuff is folded, one, all, or selected layers of the folded cuff may be attached directly to the chassis, as shown in FIG. 5A. In an alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 5B, the first cuff and the second cuff include a single piece of material that is folded at the distal end of the cuff to form a double layer cuff, with only one end of the material attached to the chassis and the other end of the material attached to the cuff itself. FIG. 5C shows yet another alternative in which two layers of material make up the cuff, folded over each other, and then a portion of the combined material is folded over at the distal end.

[0039] Providing a fold in the material biases the cuff to more naturally separate itself from the topsheet during use. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the fold introduces some natural elastic tension into the cuff such that the cuff has a natural tendency to return to its unfolded state, causing the cuff to "stand up" against the topsheet.

[0040] The use of multiple layers increases the overall stiffness of the cuff compared to using a single layer of material with a higher basis weight, and therefore it is possible to use a thinner material, such as a topsheet material, to achieve the effect of a stiffer material that can provide cuff separation from the topsheet and allow the cuff to stand up against the topsheet.

[0041] The cuffs may be formed of the same material as the topsheet. Using the same material as the topsheet reduces manufacturing costs, for example, by allowing bulk orders of material and by reducing complexity in the manufacturing line by reducing the number of reels (and corresponding spaces) required to introduce additional material. If the cuffs are formed of the same material as the topsheet, they may be treated to be hydrophobic.

[0042] Cuffs (including single layer, multi-layer, and folded cuffs) have a stiffness of at least 0.04 g as measured by the Cuff Stiffness Test described herein. * cm, 0.05g * cm, 0.1g * cm, 0.25g * cm, 0.5g * cm or 0.8g * The cuff stiffness is measured in cm. This test measures a sample of a cuff that has been removed from a finished absorbent article. If the cuff incorporates a fold, the sample includes the fold so that the test method measures the stiffness of the fold (as opposed to the stiffness of the raw material). Similarly, if the cuff is formed of multiple layers, the Cuff Stiffness Test Method measures the stiffness of the combined layers.

[0043] The cuffs may have a thickness of 0.01 mm to 1.5 mm, 0.04 mm to 1.25 mm, 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, 0.25 mm to 0.75 mm. As above, the thickness measurements are of the cuff on the finished article and include single material, multi-layer material, and / or folded cuffs. The barrier cuffs may have a basis weight of 5 gsm to 100 gsm, 15 gsm to 85 gsm, 30 gsm to 70 gsm, 40 gsm to 60 gsm.

[0044] The first and second cuffs may extend through a central portion of the absorbent article or may extend longitudinally from the front to the rear of the absorbent article. Alternatively, more than two cuffs may be provided. For example, the first and second cuffs may be provided in the central section, and one or more separate cuffs may be provided in the central section and / or in one or both of the front and rear sections. Alternatively, the first and second cuffs may extend from the central section to one or both of the front and rear sections of the absorbent article, and one or more additional cuffs may be provided at one or both of the respective ends. In one embodiment, one or more cuffs at one or both of the ends of the absorbent article may have a distal end that extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal centerline, or may be oriented at an angle to the longitudinal centerline.

[0045] The first cuff and the second cuff may be made of hydrophilic or hydrophobic materials, topsheets or backsheets, spunbond meltblown spunbond (SMS) nonwovens, or other nonwovens with meltblown layers. The cuffs may also be made of synthetic or natural fibers, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester materials, polyamides (e.g., nylon), cotton, silk, or pulp, spunbonded, carded, meltblown, or similar known method combinations. The first cuff and the second cuff may be made of the same material as one of the topsheet or backsheet to reduce raw material costs. Preferably, the cuffs are formed of SMS.

[0046] Primary Topsheet As previously mentioned, the primary topsheet of the chassis (also referred to herein as the "topsheet") provides the body-facing surface of the absorbent article and may be joined to the backsheet by attachment methods known in the art. The topsheet and backsheet may be joined directly to each other along the periphery of the absorbent article or may be joined together indirectly through the absorbent core or any additional layer in the chassis (e.g., a secondary topsheet spanning the entire area of ​​the chassis).

[0047] The absorbent article may include any known or otherwise effective primary topsheet, such as one that is conformable to the wearer's skin, soft-feeling, and non-irritating. Suitable primary topsheet materials include liquid-permeable materials that are oriented toward and in contact with the wearer's body, allowing bodily exudates to penetrate through and rapidly without fluids flowing back through the topsheet to the wearer's skin. The primary topsheet can allow for rapid movement of fluids through the topsheet, while allowing the lotion composition to move or transfer onto the outer or inner parts of the wearer's skin. Suitable topsheets can be made from a variety of materials, such as woven and nonwoven materials; perforated film materials, including perforated formed thermoplastic films, perforated plastic films, and intertwined fiber perforated films; hydroformed thermoplastic films, porous foams; reticulated foams; reticulated thermoplastic films; thermoplastic scrims; or combinations thereof. Some suitable examples of films that can be utilized as the topsheet are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,929,135, 4,324,246, 4,342,314, 4,463,045, 5,006,394, 4,609,518, and 4,629,643.

[0048] Non-limiting examples of woven and nonwoven materials suitable for use as the topsheet include fibrous materials made from natural fibers, modified natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or combinations thereof. Some suitable examples are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,950,264, 4,988,344, 3,978,185, 7,785,690, 7,838,099, 5,792,404, and 5,665,452.

[0049] In some configurations, the topsheet may include tufts as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 8,728,049, 7,553,532, 7,1272,801, 8,440,286, 7,648,752, and 7,410,683. The primary topsheet may have a pattern of individual hair-like fibrils as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,655,176 or 7,402,723. Further examples of suitable topsheets include those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 8,614,365, 8,704,036, and 6,025,535.

[0050] Another suitable primary topsheet, or a primary topsheet in combination with a secondary topsheet, can be formed from a three-dimensional substrate as detailed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0258647.

[0051] The primary topsheet may have one or more layers as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2016 / 0167334, 2016 / 0166443, and 2017 / 0258651. The topsheet may be apertured as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,628,097.

[0052] Secondary Topsheet As mentioned above, the absorbent article may include additional layers, one of which is the secondary topsheet. As mentioned above, the secondary topsheet may be separate and spaced from the absorbent system. The secondary topsheet is preferably located under the primary topsheet and on the body-facing surface of the core, and can function to help transfer liquid from the topsheet to the core, typically acquiring and distributing fluid. The secondary topsheet may have a basis weight of 40gsm to 150gsm.

[0053] Some exemplary secondary topsheets are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2015 / 0351976 and 2014 / 034523, and U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 729704.

[0054] Back sheet The backsheet of the chassis can provide the garment-facing surface of the absorbent system and may be joined to the topsheet, absorbent core and / or other layers as needed by attachment methods known in the art. For example, the backsheet may be secured to the garment-facing surface of the absorbent core by a uniform continuous layer of adhesive, a patterned layer of adhesive, or an array of discrete lines, spirals, or dots of adhesive. Alternatively, the attachment method may include the use of thermal bonds, pressure bonds, ultrasonic bonds, dynamic mechanical bonds, or any other suitable attachment method or combination of these attachment methods known in the art. Also contemplated are configurations of the present disclosure in which the absorbent system is not joined to the backsheet, the topsheet, or both.

[0055] The backsheet may be impermeable or substantially impermeable to liquids (e.g., urine) and may be made of a thin plastic film, although other flexible impermeable materials may be used. As used herein, the term "flexible" refers to a material that is conformable and easily conforms to the general shape and contours of the human body. The backsheet may prevent or at least inhibit exudates absorbed and contained in the absorbent system from wetting clothing that contacts the absorbent article, such as underwear. However, in some cases, the backsheet may be breathable and a secondary barrier layer, having a smaller surface area than the backsheet, may be provided between the core and the backsheet.

[0056] The backsheet may comprise a polymeric film, such as a thermoplastic film of polyethylene or polypropylene. Suitable materials for the backsheet are, for example, thermoplastic films having a thickness of about 0.012 mm to about 0.050 mm. Any suitable backsheet known in the art may be utilized with the present invention.

[0057] Some suitable examples of backsheets are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,885,265, 4,342,314, and 4,463,045. Single layer breathable backsheets suitable for use herein include, for example, those described in GB Patent No. 2,184,389, GB Patent No. 2,184,390, U.S. Patent No. 3,989,867, WO 97 / 24097, and U.S. Patent Nos. 6,623,464, 6,664,439, and 6,436,508.

[0058] The backsheet may have two layers, a first layer comprising a gas-permeable apertured film layer and a second layer comprising a breathable microporous film layer, as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,462,251. Dual-layer or multi-layer breathable backsheets suitable for use herein include those illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 3,881,489, U.S. Patent No. 4,341,489, U.S. Patent No. 4,341,216, U.S. Patent No. 4,713,068, U.S. Patent No. 4,818,600, EP 203821, EP 710471, EP 710472 and EP 793952.

[0059] Absorbent Core The absorbent system / core of the present invention may include any suitable shape. The absorbent system is typically the stiffest part of the absorbent article. Thus, shapes useful for the articles of the present disclosure may include a narrow central region, since this is usually the narrowest area during use. For example, the absorbent system may include a dogbane shape that is narrower in the central region than in the end regions. Alternatively, the absorbent system may include a tapered shape that has a wider portion at one end region of the pad, which tapers toward the narrower central region and the end region at the other end of the pad. Alternatively, the absorbent core may have a symmetrical or asymmetrical oval or diamond shape with a wider portion in the central region and narrower portions at one or both ends. The absorbent system may include various stiffnesses in the MD and CD.

[0060] The absorbent system includes at least an absorbent core, but may also include a first absorbent core and a second absorbent core. The absorbent core (or the first absorbent core and the second absorbent core) may include a single layer or multiple layers arranged above each other, having the same overall surface shape and size, or having different surface shapes and sizes. Alternatively, if the absorbent core is formed of different sections of the absorbent core, they may be arranged in the same plane, for example, the first absorbent core may be located in the center and the second (or more) absorbent core(s) may be located on both sides or on the front and / or back side of the first absorbent core. In general, the absorbent system must be compressible, conformable, non-irritating to the wearer's skin, and capable of absorbing and retaining liquids such as urine and certain other body exudates such as menses.

[0061] The composition and structure of the absorbent system may vary (e.g., the absorbent system may have varying caliper zones, hydrophilic gradients, superabsorbency gradients, or acquisition zones of lower average density and lower average basis weight). Additionally, the dimensions and absorbent capacity of the absorbent system may be altered to accommodate different wearer or absorbent article shapes. However, the total absorbent capacity of the absorbent system must be compatible with the design load and intended use of the absorbent article.

[0062] Absorbent cores containing relatively high amounts of superabsorbent polymers having a variety of core designs are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,599,335, European Patent No. 1,447,066, WO 95 / 11652, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 0312622, and WO 2012 / 052172.

[0063] The absorbent core may comprise a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) or absorbent gelling material (AGM), often in the form of particles or fibers. Generally, such SAP materials have been used for their fluid absorption properties. Such materials form hydrogels upon contact with liquids (e.g., urine, blood, etc.).

[0064] The size of the fluid-absorbent gelling material particles may vary over a wide range. For industrial hygiene reasons, an average particle size smaller than about 30 micrometers is undesirable. Particles having a minimum dimension larger than about 2 mm may also cause a rough feel in the absorbent article, which is undesirable from a consumer aesthetic point of view. Furthermore, the rate of fluid absorption may be affected by particle size. Larger particles have a greatly reduced absorption rate. The fluid-absorbent gelling material particles preferably have a particle size of about 30 micrometers to about 2 mm for substantially all particles. As used herein, "particle size" means the weighted average of the minimum dimension of the individual particles. The absorbent core may include SAP and less than 15%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 3%, or less than 1% airfelt, or may include no airfelt at all. Examples of other suitable absorbent materials include creped cellulosic batting, meltblown polymers including coforms, chemically stiffened, modified, or crosslinked cellulosic fibers, tissues such as tissue wraps and tissue laminates, absorbent foams, absorbent sponges, superabsorbent polymers ("SAPs"), or any equivalent material or combination of materials.

[0065] The composition and structure of the absorbent core may vary (e.g., the absorbent system may have varying caliper zones, hydrophilic gradients, superabsorbency gradients, or acquisition zones of lower average density and lower average basis weight, or may include one or more layers or structures, e.g., SAP in a different pattern of zones that do not contain SAP). Additionally, the dimensions and absorbent capacity of the absorbent core may also be varied to accommodate different wearers. However, the total absorbent capacity of the absorbent core must be compatible with the design load and intended use of the feminine pad.

[0066] In certain forms of the invention, the absorbent core may be relatively thin, for example, less than about 10 mm, or less than about 5 mm in thickness, or less than about 3 mm, or less than 1 mm in thickness. Thickness can be measured by any means known in the art for this purpose while the core is under a uniform pressure of 0.25 psi.

[0067] In some forms, the absorbent core may include multiple multi-functional layers. For example, the absorbent core may include a core wrap (i.e., a layer that encapsulates the absorbent material of the absorbent structure). The core wrap may be formed by two nonwoven materials, substrates, laminates, films, or other materials. In one aspect, the core wrap may include only a single material, substrate, laminate, or other material at least partially wrapped therearound. Additional layers contemplated are acquisition and distribution layers, which are well known in the art.

[0068] The absorbent core may include one or more adhesives, for example, to help secure the SAP or other absorbent material within the core and / or to ensure the integrity of the core wrap, especially if the core wrap is made of two or more substrates. The core wrap may extend over a larger area than is needed to contain the absorbent material therein.

[0069] The absorbent material may constitute one or more layers present in the core wrap, with no absorbent material inside the channels or very little absorbent material (e.g. 0.1% to 10%). In other forms, the absorbent material may be formed as individual pockets or stripes in the core wrap. In the first case, the absorbent material can be obtained by applying a continuous layer(s) of absorbent material, for example, except for the channels that are free or substantially free of absorbent material. A continuous layer(s) of absorbent material, in particular SAP, can also be obtained by combining two absorbent layers with a discontinuous absorbent material application pattern, the resulting layer being substantially continuously distributed over the entire absorbent particulate polymer material area.

[0070] The absorbent structure may be a heterogeneous assemblage including one or more portions of envelopable elements and / or foam pieces such as open-cell foam. The envelopable elements may be webs such as, for example, nonwovens, fibrous structures, airlaid webs, wet-laid webs, high loft nonwovens, needle punched webs, hydroentangled webs, fiber tows, woven webs, knit webs, flocked webs, spunbond webs, layered spunbond / meltblown webs, carded fiber webs, coform webs of cellulosic and meltblown fibers, coform webs of staple and meltblown fibers, and layered webs that are layered combinations thereof. The foam may be a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) foam.

[0071] Test Method Stand up cuff height The maximum height of the cuff attached to the absorbent article is measured using optical profilometry to obtain the surface topology of the body-facing area of ​​the article attached to the inside of the curved support plate. All sample preparation and testing is performed in a laboratory maintained at 23°C ± 2°C and 50% ± 2% relative humidity, and test samples are equilibrated in this environment for at least 2 hours prior to testing.

[0072] Three-dimensional (3D) surface topography images of each test sample are recorded using an optical 3D surface topography measurement system. A suitable optical 3D surface topography measurement system is a MikroCAD Premium instrument available from LMI Technologies Inc. (Vancouver, Canada), or equivalent. The system comprises the following main components: a) a Digital Light Processing (DLP) projection device with direct digitally controlled micromirrors, b) a CCD camera with a resolution of at least 1600 x 1200 pixels, c) projection optics adapted to a measurement area of ​​at least 140 mm x 105 mm, d) recording optics adapted to a measurement area of ​​140 mm x 105 mm, e) a tripod stand based on a small hard stone plate, f) a blue LED light source, g) a measurement, control and evaluation computer running surface texture analysis software (the preferred software is MikroCAD software with MountainsMap technology, or equivalent), and h) calibration plates for lateral (XY) and vertical (Z) calibration available from the supplier.

[0073] The optical 3D surface topography measurement system uses a digital micromirror pattern fringe projection technique to measure the surface height of a sample. The result of the measurement is a 3D image of surface height (defined as the Z axis) versus displacement in the horizontal (XY) plane. This 3D data set can also be thought of as an image where every pixel in the image is associated with an XY displacement, and the value of the pixel is the recorded Z axis height value. The system has a field of view of 140 x 105 mm with an XY pixel resolution of approximately 85 micrometers and a height resolution of 0.5 micrometers, for a total possible height range of 32 mm.

[0074] The instrument is calibrated according to the manufacturer's specifications using lateral (XY plane) and vertical (Z axis) calibration plates available from the supplier.

[0075] Prior to imaging, the test sample is mounted on a curved support plate made of plexiglass (or equivalent) with an inside radius of curvature equal to 149 mm. The length and width of the curved support plate are equal to the length and width of the test sample so that when mounted it is fully supported and does not block the projected light from the instrument.

[0076] To prepare the test sample, unfold the absorbent article as necessary and remove any packaging material present. Using minimal handling, mark the midpoint of the article on the body-facing side of the test sample with a crosshair symbol. The midpoint is the intersection of the longitudinal and lateral centerlines of the absorbent article. In addition, mark a line parallel to the lateral axis of the test sample on the body-facing side of the test sample to indicate the longitudinal quartiles, such that each marked section represents approximately 25% of the total length of the article.

[0077] The test sample is attached to the inner concave surface of the curved support plate as follows: A small piece of double-sided tape (such as 3M 665, or equivalent from any convenient source) is gently placed at the midpoint and each longitudinal end of the garment-facing side of the test sample. If the test sample contains an adhesive on the garment-facing side, this can be used as an alternative to double-sided tape. Position the longitudinal axis of the test sample parallel to the curvature of the support plate and align the midpoint of the test sample with the midpoint of the curved support plate. Once aligned, gently press the center of the test sample against the curved plate using minimal but sufficient force to attach the test sample. Without touching the cuff, carefully flatten the test sample against the plate and gently press each longitudinal end using minimal but sufficient force to attach it to the plate to complete the attachment process. The test sample should now conform to the curvature of the plate.

[0078] The mounted test sample is placed on the MikroCAD table underneath the camera. The test sample is oriented so that its longitudinal axis is parallel to the major axis (X-axis) of the instrument's field of view. 3D surface topology images of the middle half of the test sample, including both cuffs (2nd and 3rd quartiles), are collected according to the instrument manufacturer's recommended measurement procedures. This step includes focusing the measurement system and performing brightness adjustments. No pre-filtering options are used. The collected height image files are stored on an evaluation computer running surface texture analysis software. Similarly, images are collected for five substantially similar absorbent article test samples of each test product being evaluated.

[0079] If the field of view of the 3D surface topography measurement system is insufficient to capture the entire area of ​​the test sample, including the central half and both cuffs, multiple scans over the surface that overlap by at least 20% by area are acquired (maintaining XY resolution) and digitally stitched together to generate a single 3D surface topography image for subsequent analysis.

[0080] The 3D surface topography images are opened in a surface texture analysis software. Each image is then subjected to the following filtering procedures: 1) removal of incorrect points, 2) a 7x7 pixel median filter to remove noise, and 3) a morphological closing operation (which collapses after dilation) using a circular structuring element with a radius of 9 pixels to smooth surfaces that do not match the apparent surface of the article, for example due to low basis weight materials, and to close holes.

[0081] The following analysis is performed on the filtered 3D topographical image: The maximum height (Z-axis) of the first cuff is determined at each location along the X-axis along its central half (second and third quartiles) and recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm. The corresponding height (Z-axis) values ​​are determined at each location along the topsheet of the absorbent article just inside and adjacent to the first cuff and recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm. The difference between each maximum first cuff height value and its corresponding topsheet height value is calculated and recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm as the cuff height value. Similarly, this procedure is repeated for the second cuff on the test sample and the difference between each maximum second cuff height value and its corresponding topsheet height value is calculated and recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm as the cuff height value. The average of all cuff heights measured on this test sample is calculated and recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm. The length of the central half (second and third quartiles) of the test sample where the cuff heights were measured is determined and recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm as the cuff length. The average cuff height (in mm) is then multiplied by the cuff length (in mm) and recorded as the cuff area in square millimeters. Similarly, the 3D topography images are analyzed for the remaining four replicate test samples.

[0082] Rise cuff height is reported to the nearest 0.1 mm as the arithmetic mean of all cuff height values ​​measured across all five replicate test samples. Mean cuff area is reported in square millimeters as the arithmetic mean of all cuff area values ​​measured across all five replicate test samples.

[0083] Curved CD spill The Curved CD Runoff Test measures the amount of liquid that spills over the side edge of an absorbent article after a specific amount of test liquid is applied. The absorbent article is mounted on a curved plate positioned at a 30° angle, with the longitudinal axis of the article perpendicular to the tilt angle and parallel to the curvature of the plate. A single squirt of liquid is applied to the midpoint of the article. Any liquid not captured by the absorbent article will run off the side edge. The runoff is collected and its mass recorded. All measurements are performed in a laboratory maintained at 23°C ± 2°C and 50% ± 2% relative humidity, and samples are conditioned in this environment for at least 2 hours prior to testing.

[0084] The curved CD effluent apparatus is shown in Figure 6. The curved effluent plate 9001 is made of Plexiglas (or equivalent) with a thickness of about 3 mm. It has a radius of curvature equal to 149 mm and is wide and long enough to hold the sample to be tested. The curved effluent plate 9001 is attached to a tilt table 9002 set at an angle of 30°. The height of the lowest point of the curved effluent plate 9001 is at least 30 mm above the laboratory bench so that the collection tray 9003 can be easily placed on the bench below the plate. The collection tray 9003 is made of Plexiglas (or equivalent) and is of a suitable size (e.g., 100 mm wide x 305 mm long x 25 mm high) to collect the effluent. Vertically above the curved effluent plate 9001 is attached a liquid input tube 9004 connected to a liquid pump 9006 via Tygon tubing 9005. The input tube 9004 is stainless steel (or equivalent) and has an inner diameter of 4.0 mm. The fluid pump 9006 (Ismatec MCP-Z gear pump available from Cole Palmer, Vernon Hills, Ill., or equivalent) is capable of delivering a flow rate of 10-60 mL at a rate of 10 mL / sec.

[0085] The test solution is 0.9 weight / volume percent saline. To prepare 1 L of test solution, add 9.0 g ± 0.05 g of reagent grade NaCl to a 1 L volumetric flask and then dilute to volume with deionized water. Pump 9006 is primed and subsequently calibrated to deliver size-dependent volumes and flow rates as defined in Table 1 below. Volumes and flow rates should be within 2% of target.

[0086] [Table 1]

[0087] To prepare the test sample, unfold the absorbent article as necessary and, using minimal handling, mark the midpoint of the article on the body-facing side of the test sample. The midpoint is the intersection of the longitudinal and lateral centerlines of the absorbent article. Remove any wrapping material present and record the weight of the test sample to the nearest 0.01 gram as the dry pad weight.

[0088] Attach the garment-facing side of the test sample to the surface of the curved runoff plate 9001 using adhesive on the backsheet of the test sample (if present) or using double-sided tape (such as 3M 664 or equivalent from any convenient source). Orient the test sample so that its longitudinal axis extends perpendicular to the tilt angle and its midpoint is aligned with the midpoint of the curved runoff plate 9001. Place two folded paper towels in the collection tray 9003 and record the mass of the tray + paper towels to the nearest 0.01 grams as the initial tray mass. The collection tray 9003 with the paper towels can be placed under the front side edge of the curved runoff plate 9001 to capture any liquid that runs off the test sample. Center the input tube 9004 25.0 mm above the midpoint of the body-facing surface of the test sample and start the pump 9006 to deliver a predetermined dose of 0.9 weight / volume percent saline solution. After the dose has been applied, any droplets of test liquid remaining on the tilt table 9002 are collected, if necessary, using paper towels from the collection tray 9003. The mass of the tray plus paper towels is recorded as the Final Tray Mass to the nearest 0.01 gram. The mass of the test sample is recorded as the Wet Pad Mass to the nearest 0.01 gram. The amount of liquid retained by the test sample is calculated as the difference between the Wet Pad Mass and the Dry Pad Mass and recorded as Fluid in Pad to the nearest 0.01 gram. The amount of liquid runoff from the test sample is calculated as the difference between the Final Tray Mass and the Initial Tray Mass and recorded as Fluid in Tray to the nearest 0.01 gram. Finally, the %CD Runoff is calculated as [Fluid in Tray / (Fluid in Pad + Fluid in Tray)]. * Calculate as 100 and report to the nearest 1%.

[0089] Repeat in the same manner for a total of 10 replicate test samples. Five of the replicates test the cuff on one side of the absorbent article and the other five replicates test the cuff on the opposite side. Calculate the arithmetic mean of the %CD runoff and report to the nearest 1%.

[0090] Cuff Stiffness The stiffness of the test specimens is measured using a Taber Stiffness Tester (Model 150-B, Taber Industries, North Tonawanda, NY) equipped with a high sensitivity attachment (SR, sensitivity range) and a 10 unit compensator (both available from Taber Industries). For this setup, a deflection of 15 degrees to the right is used to measure each test specimen in the machine direction. The system is calibrated and operated according to the manufacturer's instructions. All measurements are performed in a laboratory maintained at 23° C.±2° C. and 50%±2% relative humidity, and the test specimens are conditioned in this environment for at least 2 hours prior to testing.

[0091] If necessary, obtain the test specimen by removing it from the absorbent article. When cutting the specimen from the absorbent article, care is taken not to impart any contamination or deformation to the specimen during the process. The specimen is obtained from an area that does not contain folds or wrinkles near the longitudinal midpoint of the absorbent article. The presentation of the specimen within the absorbent article must be re-presented during this test (e.g., if folded to provide multiple layers, the stiffness of all layers, including the folds, is measured). An ideal specimen has a width (parallel to the transverse axis of the absorbent article) of 3.81 cm and a length (parallel to the longitudinal axis of the absorbent article) of 3.81 cm. Smaller specimens can be used to include testing of smaller areas, but the specimen must have a length of 3.81 cm, be rectangular in shape (e.g., no curved edges), and be as wide as the test area allows. Calculate the area of ​​the specimen and record to the nearest 0.1 square centimeter. Test results for specimens smaller than the ideal size are normalized based on the area tested.

[0092] Insert the specimen into the sensitive attachment so that the second and fourth pins from the left are above the specimen and the first and third pins from the left are below the specimen, with the length of the specimen perpendicular to the pins. Ensure that the pins make contact with the specimen but do not apply pressure to it. Measure the specimen at 15 degrees deflection to the right and record the result in 1 Taber Stiffness unit. Multiply the result by 0.01 (scaling multiplier for SR Attachment + 10 Unit Compensator) and record the result in 0.01 Taber Stiffness units as the cuff stiffness. Normalize the results for specimens that were less than 3.81 cm x 3.81 cm by dividing the result (in Taber Stiffness units) by the area of ​​the specimen (in square centimeters), then multiply by 14.5 square centimeters (area of ​​the ideal sample size). Note that 1 Taber Stiffness unit is equivalent to 1 gram centimeter. The cuff stiffness result is 0.01 g * Report in cm.

[0093] Repeat for a total of 10 replicate specimens (e.g., specimens taken from both sides of five substantially similar absorbent articles). Calculate the arithmetic mean of the cuff stiffness and subtract it from the 0.01 g * Report in cm.

[0094] Overall pad stiffness The stiffness of the region containing the core of the absorbent article is measured with a constant rate of extension tensile tester (a suitable instrument is MTS Alliance using Testworks 4.0 Software, available from MTS Systems Corp., Eden Prairie, Minn.) that uses a load cell that measures the force within 1% to 99% of the cell's limits. All testing is performed in a conditioned room at 23° C.±3° C. and 50%±2% relative humidity, with test samples conditioned in this environment for at least 2 hours prior to testing.

[0095] The fixture used to measure the core stiffness is shown in Figures 7A and 7B. The lower fixture consists of a smooth polished stainless steel horizontal platform 1001 measuring 102.0 mm wide x 102.0 mm long x 6.35 mm thick. The platform has an 18.75 mm diameter orifice 1002 at its center, the overlapping edges 1003 of which are angled at 45 degrees to a depth of 4.75 mm (i.e. the outer diameter of the bevel is 28.25 mm). The fixture is constructed to have at least 20 mm clearance below the platform. The platform 1001 has an adapter 1004 that fits into the mount of a tensile tester, which allows the platform to be fixed horizontally and perpendicular to the pulling direction of the tensile tester. The upper fixture is a cylindrical plunger 1005 with a diameter of 6.25 mm and an overall length of 70 mm. The contact tip 1006 is a ball nose with a radius of 2.97 mm. The plunger has an adaptor 1007 that fits into a mount on the load cell that can secure the plunger perpendicular to the platform. When assembled, the plunger is coaxial with the orifice and has equal clearance on all sides.

[0096] To prepare the test specimen, first obtain the test sample and remove it from any packaging material present. If folded, gently unfold to smooth out any wrinkles. If release paper is present, remove it to expose the adhesive on the garment-facing side of the test sample. Lightly apply talc powder to the adhesive on the backsheet to reduce tack. Cut a 37.5 mm x 37.5 mm test specimen from the center of the test area of ​​the test sample, in an area that does not include the folds. The test area is preferably the intersection of the longitudinal and lateral midpoints of the absorbent core, but the test specimen should contain the largest sampling of the absorbent core possible. The edges of the test specimen should be parallel to the longitudinal and lateral axes of the test sample.

[0097] The gauge length from the bottom contact tip 1006 of the plunger to the bottom surface of the platform 1001 is set to 15.0 mm. The tensile tester is programmed for a compression test, lowering the crosshead 15.0 mm at 50.0 cm / min, recording the force (N) and displacement (mm) with a data rate of 400 Hz, then returning the crosshead to its original gauge length.

[0098] Zero the crosshead and load cell. Position the specimen topsheet side up, centered under the plunger, with its edge parallel and perpendicular to the edge of the platform 1001. Start the test and collect force (N) and displacement (mm) data. Create a graph of force (N) versus displacement (mm). Determine the maximum peak force (N) from the graph and record to the nearest 0.01 N as the pad stiffness.

[0099] Similarly, the test is repeated for a total of five replicate specimens derived from five substantially similar test samples. The arithmetic mean of the peak forces is calculated and reported as pad stiffness to the nearest 0.01 N.

[0100] Weighing The basis weight of a test specimen is the mass in grams per unit area in square meters of a single layer of material. The mass of the test specimen is cut to a known area and the mass of the sample is measured using an analytical balance accurate to 0.0001 grams. All measurements are performed in a laboratory maintained at 23°C ± 2°C and 50% ± 2% relative humidity, and the test specimens are conditioned in this environment for at least 2 hours prior to testing.

[0101] If necessary, the specimen is obtained by removing it from the absorbent article. When the specimen is excised from the absorbent article, care is taken not to impart any contamination or deformation to the specimen layers during the process. The specimen is obtained from an area near the longitudinal midpoint of the absorbent article that does not contain folds or wrinkles. The specimen should be as large as possible so that any inherent material variations are taken into account. Basis weight is measured on a single layer of material. Therefore, if the specimen consists of multiple layers or is in a folded state when attached to the absorbent article, the specimen is unfolded so that only one layer of material is analyzed.

[0102] Measure the dimensions of the single layer specimen using a calibrated steel metal ruler traceable to NIST or equivalent. Calculate the area of ​​the specimen and record to the nearest 0.0001 square meter. Obtain the mass of the specimen using an analytical balance and record to the nearest 0.0001 grams. Calculate the basis weight by dividing the mass (in grams) by the area (in square meters) and record to the nearest 0.01 grams per square meter (gsm). Repeat similarly for a total of 10 replicate specimens (e.g., specimens taken from both sides of five substantially similar absorbent articles). Calculate the arithmetic average of the basis weight and report to the nearest 0.01 grams per square meter.

[0103] Cuff Thickness The thickness of the test specimen is measured as the distance between a reference platform on which the sample rests and a presser foot that exerts a specific amount of pressure on the sample for a specific period of time. All measurements are performed in a laboratory maintained at 23°C ± 2°C and 50% ± 2% relative humidity, and the test specimens are conditioned in this environment for at least 2 hours prior to testing.

[0104] The thickness is measured with a manual micrometer equipped with a foot press capable of applying a constant pressure of 3.5 kPa ± 0.01 kPa to the test specimen. The manually operated micrometer is a dead weight type instrument with an accurate reading to 0.01 mm. A suitable instrument is a Mitutoyo Series 543 ID-C Digimatic available from VWR International, or equivalent. The foot press is a flat grounded circular movable surface having a diameter smaller than the test specimen and capable of applying the required pressure. A suitable foot press has a diameter of 6.85 mm, although smaller or larger foot presses can be used depending on the size of the sample being measured. The test specimen is supported by a horizontal flat reference platform larger than and parallel to the surface of the foot press. The system is calibrated and operated according to the manufacturer's instructions.

[0105] If necessary, obtain the test specimen by removing it from the absorbent article. When the specimen is excised from the absorbent article, care is taken not to impart any contamination or deformation to the layers of the specimen during the process. The specimen is obtained from an area near the longitudinal midpoint of the absorbent article that does not contain folds or creases. The specimen must be larger than the presser foot, and its presentation within the absorbent article must be re-presented during this test (e.g., if folded to provide multiple layers, the thickness of all layers is measured).

[0106] To measure thickness, first zero the micrometer against a horizontal flat reference platform. Place the specimen on the platform with the test location centered under the presser foot. Gently lower the presser foot at a downward speed of 1.0 mm ± 0.1 mm / sec until full pressure is applied to the specimen. After waiting 5 seconds, record the thickness of the specimen to the nearest 0.01 mm. Repeat similarly for a total of 10 replicate specimens (e.g., specimens taken from both sides of five substantially similar absorbent articles). Calculate the arithmetic mean for all thickness measurements and report it to the nearest 0.01 mm as the cuff thickness. EXAMPLES

[0107] Inventive Sample ("IS") 1 was used as a "control" in each of the tests described below and has the following basic structure corresponding to the absorbent article shown in Figures 1, 4 and 5(a).

[0108] [Table 2]

[0109] IS 1 further has a non-elasticated cuff with the following structure, best shown in FIG. 5(a): The cuff of the inventive sample (IS) 1 has a basis weight of 15 gsm, 0.09 g * The cuffs are formed from a spunbond-meltblown-spunbond (SMS) material having a cuff stiffness of 0.02 cm and a cuff thickness of 0.25 mm. As shown in FIG. 4, the cuffs are attached to the longitudinal edges of the absorbent article, extending from the front to the rear of the absorbent article. Each cuff is formed from a single piece of material that is folded at the distal end of the cuff to form two layers of material, the ends of which are crimped to the topsheet at the periphery of the absorbent article. At the central section shown in FIG. 4, and in the cross section shown in FIG. 5(a), x, the overall width of the absorbent article is 81 mm, and the absorbent core has a width of 59 mm. The cuffs have a width of 8.7 mm measured from the proximal end to the distal end of each cuff along the lateral center point. The attachment strip has a width of 6.8 mm. The outer edge of the central section core is located a distance of 4.2 mm from the inner edge of the attachment point, and the distal end of each cuff extends a distance of 4.5 mm over its respective edge of the absorbent core (thus, in total, covering 15% of the total core width).

[0110] Each of the other samples tested was characterized by variations relative to inventive Sample 1 as follows:

[0111] [Table 3]

[0112] [Table 4]

[0113] CD Outflow provides an indication of how the cuffs may perform when the absorbent article is in use. In this regard, CD Outflow provides a measure of the % of waste material that flows out the sides of the absorbent article. In all cases, a certain % of the waste material is absorbed by the absorbent article (all comparative examples and inventive samples have the same chassis and absorbent core construction, the only difference being the presence or construction of the cuffs). In summary, i.CE1 (no cuff) is the control and shows that without the cuff, 27% of the exudate flows laterally away from the surface of the topsheet. ii. CE2 has relatively short pleats (3mm compared to 8.7mm for inventive samples 1 and 2), demonstrating the impact of cuff length on the ability of the pleats to keep exudates on the absorbent article long enough for them to be absorbed. iii. CE3 has a less stiff cuff than IS 1. The CD runoff data shows that the stiffer IS 1 cuff performs better in keeping exudates on the absorbent article. iv. Compared to IS 2, it is further seen that IS 1 with multiple layers of folded material performs better than a single layer of material in terms of effluent CD flow.

[0114] [Table 5]

[0115] The rise cuff height provides a measure of how well the cuffs rise relative to the topsheet, and therefore gives an indication of how well they separate from the topsheet and how much of a barrier they can provide. The i.CE2 has a cuff length (measured from proximal to distal end) of 3 mm. All of the inventive samples have a cuff length of 8.9 mm, and it can be seen from above that a longer cuff length results in a better rise cuff height. ii.IS 2 is a stiffer material than IS 1, which means it has a better rise cuff height. However, as seen above, the multiple layers of IS 1 contribute more to retaining the exudates on the absorbent article. IS 3 is not folded in thirds before use and IS 1 is folded in thirds. The results show that the cuffs on the absorbent articles folded in thirds before use stand up more against the topsheet.

[0116] The stiffness of the entire pad may be about 331 gf. However, the stiffness of the entire pad may be within the range of about 150 to 500 gf, about 170 to about 450 gf, about 200 to about 400 gf, about 250 to about 350 gf, specifically, all values ​​recited within these ranges and any ranges defined by these values ​​are contemplated. However, it should be noted that if the stiffness value of the entire pad is too high, it may adversely affect the conformability of the pad to the body, thereby resulting in comfort issues. Similarly, if the stiffness value of the entire pad is too low, it may affect not only comfort but also the application of the pad to the user's underwear as well. For example, a pad stiffness value that is too low means that the resulting pad lacks structural integrity and is prone to breaking during application.

[0117] The dimensions and values ​​disclosed herein should not be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values ​​recited. Instead, unless otherwise indicated, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm."

[0118] All documents cited herein, including any cross-referenced or related patents or patent applications, and any patent applications or patents to which this application claims priority or benefit, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, unless expressly stated to the contrary. The citation of any document shall not be deemed to be prior art to any invention disclosed or claimed herein, or to teach, suggest or disclose such invention, either alone or in combination with any other reference(s). Furthermore, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall apply.

[0119] While particular forms of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. 1. An absorbent article having a longitudinal centerline, comprising: a) a chassis including a topsheet and a backsheet; b) an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet; c) a first non-elasticated cuff and a second non-elasticated cuff disposed on a body-facing surface of the absorbent article on either side of the longitudinal centerline; each of the first cuff and the second cuff has a proximal end attached to the chassis and a distal end extending toward the longitudinal centerline; a width of the first cuff and the second cuff measured between the proximal end and the distal end is at least 7 mm; Each of the first cuff and the second cuff has a resistance of at least 0.04 g. ＊ cm cuff stiffness, An absorbent article, wherein the first cuff and the second cuff are formed from a hydrophobic material.

2. The absorbent article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first cuff and the second cuff comprises more than one layer of material.

3. 10. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein said first cuff and said second cuff are formed from a single piece of material that is folded over at said distal end to form cuffs having multiple layers.

4. The plurality of layers includes a first layer and a second layer, The absorbent article of claim 3 , wherein at said proximal end, said first layer is attached to said chassis adjacent to said chassis and said second layer is attached to said chassis through said first layer.

5. The absorbent article of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein proximal ends of the first cuff and the second cuff are adjacent a longitudinal edge of the chassis.

6. The absorbent article of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the distal ends of the first and second cuffs extend at least 0.5 mm above the absorbent core.

7. The absorbent article of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said absorbent article has an overall pad stiffness of at least 331 gf.

8. The absorbent article of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first cuff and the second cuff are pressed and / or glued to the topsheet of the absorbent article along attachment strips.

9. 9. The absorbent article of claim 8, wherein said attachment strip has a width of at least 1 mm.

10. 10. The absorbent article of claim 8 or 9, further comprising a panty fastening means on a garment-facing surface of the absorbent article, wherein the panty fastening means and the attachment strips do not overlap in a central section of the absorbent article.

11. The absorbent article of claim 10, wherein said panty fastening means is located inward of said attachment strips in at least a central section of said absorbent article.

12. The absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the distal end of the first cuff and the distal end of the second cuff are attached to the chassis at the front end and / or rear end of the absorbent article.

13. The absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first cuff and the second cuff are formed from the same material as the topsheet.

14. The absorbent article of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the distance between the distal end of the first cuff and the distal end of the second cuff is at least 30% of the width of the absorbent core.

15. 15. The absorbent article of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the topsheet-facing surfaces of the first cuff and the second cuff are flush with the topsheet before use of the absorbent article, and during use, the distal ends of the first cuff and the distal ends of the second cuff are raised against the topsheet in at least a central section of the absorbent article.

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