Immunoconjugates containing TNF-alpha and related methods and compositions thereof
Immunoconjugate molecules with TNF-α and targeting antibodies address the systemic toxicity issue by enabling localized TNF-α delivery and activation, enhancing therapeutic efficacy in conditions like cancer.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/084035
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-03-27
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-20
AI Technical Summary
TNF-α, despite its therapeutic potential, is limited by severe systemic toxicities and a low maximum tolerated dose, restricting its use and hindering its full potential in treating conditions like soft tissue sarcoma.
Development of immunoconjugate molecules that combine TNF-α with antibodies or antigen-binding fragments capable of targeting specific antigens like FAP or Trop-2, allowing localized delivery and activation, thereby reducing systemic toxicity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
The immunoconjugates enable targeted TNF-α delivery, significantly reducing systemic toxicities and enhancing therapeutic effects at the target site, such as cancer cells, while maintaining or improving TNF-α's apoptotic and tumor-necrosis inducing capabilities.
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Figure CN2024084035_20112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
IMMUNOCONJUGATES CONTAINING TNF-ALPHA AND RELATED METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF
[0001] REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING SUBMITTED ELECTRONICALLY
[0002] This application contains a computer readable Sequence Listing which has been submitted in XML file format with this application, the entire content of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The Sequence Listing XML file submitted with this application is entitled “14625-014-228_SEQ_LISTING. xml” , was created on March 22, 2023, and is 100, 694 bytes in size.1. FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) containing immunoconjugate molecules. More particularly, the present disclosure concerns immunoconjugate molecules exhibiting improved properties for use as immunotherapeutic agents due to the ability of modulating the immune system. The present disclosure further relates to therapeutic uses and pharmaceutical compositions of the immunoconjugate molecules for treating diseases such as cancer and other chronic infectious diseases.2. BACKGROUND
[0004] Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a 17-kDa protein consisting of 157 amino acids that is a homotrimer in solution. TNF-α is a potent, pleiotropic cytokine capable of triggering apoptosis of tumor endothelial cells, and consequently tumor necrosis. TNF-α has gained approval in Europe for use in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma in combination with chemotherapy. However, due to its severe systemic toxicities, TNF-αhas a low maximum tolerated total systemic dose of ~0.4 mg. The systemic toxicities include respiratory failure, coagulopathies, hypotension, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neurotoxicity, fever, headache, nausea / vomiting, hepatopathy, as well as general symptoms of malaise and weakness. As a result, authorized use of TNF-α in soft tissue sarcoma is limited to isolated limb perfusion to reduce systemic exposure. Therefore, the full potential of TNF-α has not been realized, and there remains a need in the art to further enhance the therapeutic usefulness of TNF-α. The present disclosure meets this need.3. SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure provides immunoconjugate molecules comprising a TNF-α polypeptide. The present disclosure also provides, in certain embodiments, polynucleotides and vectors comprising sequences encoding such immunoconjugate molecules, and compositions, reagents, and kits comprising such immunoconjugate molecules. In related aspect, provided herein are also methods for delivery and / or activation of a TNF-α activity at a target site, or reduced toxicity and / or other side-effects associated with systemic exposure to the TNF-α activity in a subject through the use of the immunoconjugate molecules according to the present disclosure.
[0006] In one aspect, provided herein is a two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to TNF-α and FAP, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a light chain variable region (VL) comprising VL complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) , VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 of antibody FN15 as set forth in Table 15; and / or a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising VH complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) , VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 of antibody FN15 as set forth in Table 16; or a VL comprising a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3, respectively, of a VL having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27; and / or a VH comprising a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3, respectively, of a VH having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0007] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof: (a) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Kabat numbering system; (b) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Chothia numbering system; (c) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the ABM numbering system; (d) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Contact numbering system; or (e) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the IMGT numbering system.
[0008] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 15, 16, and 17, respectively, and the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 18, 19, and 20, respectively.
[0009] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27.
[0010] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27.
[0011] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0012] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0013] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27 and a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0014] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27; and a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0015] In one aspect, provided herein is an immunoconjugate molecule comprising a first polypeptide chain and a second polypeptide chain, wherein the first polypeptide chain comprises a TNF-α moiety fused to a heavy chain variable region (VH) of a first antibody, wherein the second polypeptide chain comprises a light chain variable region (VL) of the first antibody fused to a second antibody capable of binding to FAP; and wherein the VH and VL forms a two-in-one binding domain capable of binding to TNF-α and FAP.
[0016] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, (a) the VL comprises VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 of antibody FN15 as set forth in Table 15; and / or wherein the VH comprises VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 of antibody FN15 as set forth in Table 16; or (b) the VL comprises a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3, respectively, of a VL having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27; and / or the VH comprises a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3, respectively, of a VH having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0017] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, (a) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Kabat numbering system; (b) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Chothia numbering system; (c) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the ABM numbering system; (d) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Contact numbering system; or (e) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the IMGT numbering system.
[0018] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 15, 16, and 17, respectively, and the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 18, 19, and 200, respectively.
[0019] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27.
[0020] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27.
[0021] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0022] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0023] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27 and a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0024] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27; and a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0025] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the TNF-α moiety comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a mutant thereof.
[0026] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the mutant comprises a S95A substitution, a N34H substitution, a Y87A substitution, or a Y87F substitution in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0027] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the second antibody is a scFv or VHH capable of binding to FAP.
[0028] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the scFv comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51, or wherein the VHH comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50.
[0029] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, in the first polypeptide chain, the TNF-αmoiety is fused to the N terminus of the VH via a first peptidic linker.
[0030] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the first peptidic linker is about 50 amino acids in length; wherein optionally the first peptidic linker is a 10X (G4S) linker.
[0031] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, in the second polypeptide chain, the second antibody is fused to the N terminus of the VL via a second peptidic linker.
[0032] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the second peptidic linker is about 30 amino acids in length or about 70 amino acids in length, wherein optionally the second peptidic linker is a 6X (G4S) linker or a 14X (G4S) linker.
[0033] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the first polypeptide chain further comprises a CH1 domain of the first antibody; optionally wherein the CH1 domain is fused to the C terminus of the VH.
[0034] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, wherein the second polypeptide chain further comprises a CL domain of the first antibody; optionally wherein the CL domain is fused to the C terminus of the VL.
[0035] In another aspect, provided herein is an immunoconjugate molecule comprising two polypeptide chains, wherein (a) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54; (b) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54; (c) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54; (d) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54; (e) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; (f) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; (g) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; or (h) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59.
[0036] In another aspect, provided herein is a two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to TNF-α and Trop-2, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a light chain variable region (VL) comprising VL complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) , VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 of antibody TN01 as set forth in Table 19; and / or a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising VH complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) , VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 of antibody TN01 as set forth in Table 20; or a VL comprising a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3, respectively, of a VL having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; and / or a VH comprising a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3, respectively, of a VH having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30.
[0037] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-Trop2 two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, (a) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Kabat numbering system; (b) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Chothia numbering system; (c) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the ABM numbering system; (d) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Contact numbering system; or (e) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the IMGT numbering system.
[0038] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-Trop2 two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 21, 22, and 23, respectively, and the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 24, 25, and 26, respectively.
[0039] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-Trop2 two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 29.
[0040] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-Trop2 two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29.
[0041] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-Trop2 two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 30.
[0042] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-Trop2 two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30.
[0043] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-Trop2 two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 29 and a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 30.
[0044] In some embodiments of the anti-TNF-α / anti-Trop2 two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; and a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30.
[0045] In another aspect, provided herein is an immunoconjugate molecule comprising a first polypeptide chain and a second polypeptide chain, wherein the first polypeptide chain comprises a TNF-α moiety fused to a heavy chain variable region (VH) of a first antibody, wherein the second polypeptide chain comprises a light chain variable region (VL) of the first antibody fused to a second antibody capable of binding to Trop-2; and wherein the VH and VL forms a two-in-one binding domain capable of binding to TNF-α and Trop-2.
[0046] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule (a) the VL comprises VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 of antibody TN01 as set forth in Table 19; and / or wherein the VH comprises VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 of antibody TN01 as set forth in Table 20; or (b) the VL comprises a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3, respectively, of a VL having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; and / or the VH comprises a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3, respectively, of a VH having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30.
[0047] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule (a) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Kabat numbering system; (b) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Chothia numbering system; (c) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the ABM numbering system; (d) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Contact numbering system; or (e) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the IMGT numbering system.
[0048] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 21, 22, and 23, respectively, and the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 24, 25, and 26, respectively.
[0049] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 29.
[0050] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29.
[0051] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 30.
[0052] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30.
[0053] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 29 and a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 30.
[0054] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; and a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30.
[0055] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the TNF-α moiety comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a mutant thereof.
[0056] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the mutant comprises a S95A substitution, a N34H substitution, a Y87A substitution, or a Y87F substitution in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0057] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the second antibody is a scFv or VHH capable of binding to Trop-2.
[0058] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the scFv comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52.
[0059] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, in the first polypeptide chain, the TNF-αmoiety is fused to the N terminus of the VH via a first peptidic linker.
[0060] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the first peptidic linker is about 30 amino acids in length; wherein optionally the first peptidic linker is a 6X (G4S) linker.
[0061] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, in the second polypeptide chain, the second antibody is fused to the N terminus of the VL via a second peptidic linker.
[0062] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the second peptidic linker is about 50 amino acids in length, wherein optionally the second peptidic linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.
[0063] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the first polypeptide chain further comprises a CH1 domain of the first antibody; optionally wherein the CH1 domain is fused to the C terminus of the VH.
[0064] In some embodiments of the immunoconjugate molecule, the second polypeptide chain further comprises a CL domain of the first antibody; optionally wherein the CL domain is fused to the C terminus of the VL.
[0065] In one aspect, provided herein is an immunoconjugate molecule comprising two polypeptide chains, wherein (a) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64; (b) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64; (c) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64; or (d) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64.
[0066] In one aspect, provided herein is a complex comprising a homotrimer of the immunoconjugate molecule as described herein, and wherein the trimerization is through the TNF-α moiety of the
[0067] immunoconjugate molecule.
[0068] In one aspect, provided herein is a composition comprising the immunoconjugate molecule described herein, and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier.
[0069] In one aspect, provided herein is a polynucleotide encoding the immunoconjugate molecule described herein or a fragment thereof.
[0070] In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is operably linked to a promoter.
[0071] In one aspect, provided herein is a vector comprising the polynucleotide described herein.
[0072] In one aspect, provided herein is a cell comprising the polynucleotide described herein or the vector described herein.
[0073] In one aspect, provided herein is an isolated cell producing the immunoconjugate molecule as described herein.
[0074] In one aspect, provided herein is kit comprising the immunoconjugate molecule or complex of immunoconjugate molecules as described herein.
[0075] In one aspect, provided herein is method of making an immunoconjugate molecule, comprising culturing the cell described herein to express the immunoconjugate molecule, wherein the immunoconjugate molecule is in a monomeric, dimeric, or trimeric form.
[0076] In one aspect, provided herein is a method of making an immunoconjugate molecule, comprising expressing the polynucleotide described herein, wherein the immunoconjugate molecule is in a monomeric, dimeric, or trimeric form.
[0077] In one aspect, provided herein is a method for activating a TNF-α mediated effect at a target site, the method comprising delivering to the target site the immunoconjugate molecule or the complex of the immunoconjugate molecules as described herein.
[0078] In some embodiments, delivering the immunoconjugate molecule to the target site comprises administering the immunoconjugate molecule to a subject.
[0079] In some embodiments, the TNF-α mediated effect is at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98%lower at a non-target site as compared to the TNF-αmediated effect at the target site after administering the immunoconjugate molecule to the subject.
[0080] In some embodiments, the TNF-α mediated effect is cell apoptosis.
[0081] In one aspect, provided herein is a method for enriching a TNF-α polypeptide at a target site, the method comprising delivering to the target site the immunoconjugate molecule or complex of the immunoconjugate molecules as described herein.
[0082] In some embodiments, delivering the immunoconjugate molecule to the target site comprises administering the immunoconjugate molecule to a subject.
[0083] In some embodiments, the concentration of the TNF-α polypeptide is at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98%lower at a non-target site as compared to the concentration of the TNF-α polypeptide at the target site after administering the immunoconjugate molecule to the subject.
[0084] In some embodiments, a toxicity or side-effect associated with TNF-α in the subject is reduced.
[0085] In some embodiments, cytokine toxicity or side-effect is reduced at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98%as compared to administering to the subject an equivalent amount of TNF-α in an unconjugated form.
[0086] In some embodiments, the reduction in toxicity or side-effect is measured as the elongation of life span of the administered subject.
[0087] In some embodiments, the reduction in toxicity or side-effect is measured as reduction in loss of body weight of the administered subject.
[0088] In some embodiments, the reduction in toxicity or side-effect is measured as change in the level of an immune response in the administered subject.
[0089] In some embodiments, the reduction in toxicity or side-effect is measured as a change in an inflammatory response in the administered subject.
[0090] In some embodiments, the target site is a tumor microenvironment.
[0091] In some embodiments, the target site is a cancerous cell expressing FAP and / or Trop-2.
[0092] In some embodiments, the cancerous cell also expresses a TNF-α receptor.
[0093] In some embodiments, the cancerous cell does not express a TNF-α receptor.
[0094] In one aspect, provided herein is a method for inhibiting growth or induce apoptosis of a cancer cell comprising contacting the cancer cell with an effective amount of the immunoconjugate molecule or complex of the immunoconjugate molecules as described herein.
[0095] In one aspect, provided herein is a method for treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprising administering an effective amount of the immunoconjugate molecule or complex of the immunoconjugate molecules as described herein.
[0096] 4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0097] FIG. 1A is a schematic illustration of a soluble cytokine polypeptide in the form of homotrimer.
[0098] FIGS. 1B to 1L are schematic illustrations of complexes containing multimerized antibody-cytokine immunoconjugates having different molecular configurations according to the present disclosure. The multimerization between the immunoconjugate molecules can be via covalent (e.g., disulfide bond or peptidic linker) or non-covalent interactions. Although FIGS. 1B to 1L illustrate the configurations in the timer form, immunoconjugates in the monomer, dimer, or higher-order multimer (e.g., greater than 3) forms are also within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0099] Particularly, FIG. 1B shows an immunoconjugate containing an anti-cytokine / anti-tumor associated antigen (TAA) two-in-one single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fused to a cytokine. There are four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-scFv (VH-VL) , (ii) cytokine-scFv (VL-VH) , (iii) scFv (VH-VL) -cytokine, and (iv) scFv (VL-VH) -cytokine, where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. The trimeric complex as shown in the figure can be a homotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules of the same configuration, or alternatively a heterotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules having two or three different configurations as described herein. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the TAA is transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by the Tacstd2 gene (Trop-2) or fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) .
[0100] FIG. 1C shows an immunoconjugate containing an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused to a cytokine. As shown, there are four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1 x VL-CL, (ii) cytokine-VL-CL x VH-CH1, (iii) VH-CH1-cytokine x VL-CL, and (iv) VL-CL-cytokine x VH-CH1, where “x” separates different peptidic chains forming part of an immunoconjugate molecule, “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. The trimeric complex as shown in the figure can be a homotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules of the same configuration, or alternatively a heterotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules having two or three different configurations as described herein. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0101] FIG. 1D shows an immunoconjugate containing an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one single chain fragment antigen binding (scFab) antibody fused to a cytokine. There are four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-scFab (VH-CH1-VL-CL) , (ii) cytokine-scFab (VL-CL-VH-CH1) , (iii) scFab (VH-CH1-VL-CL) -cytokine, and (iv) scFab (VL-CL-VH-CH1) -cytokine, where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. The trimeric complex as shown in the figure can be a homotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules of the same configuration, or alternatively a heterotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules having two or three different configurations as described herein. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0102] FIG. 1E shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one scFv antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody. There are eight possible configurations: (i) cytokine-scFv1 (VH-VL) -scFv2 (VH-VL) , (ii) cytokine-scFv1 (VL-VH) -scFv2 (VH-VL) , (iii) cytokine-scFv1 (VH-VL) -scFv2 (VL-VH) , (iv) cytokine-scFv1 (VL-VH) -scFv2 (VL-VH) , (v) scFv2 (VH-VL) -scFv1 (VH-VL) -cytokine, (vi) scFv2 (VL-VH) -scFv1 (VH-VL) -cytokine, (vii) scFv2 (VH-VL) -scFv1 (VL-VH) -cytokine, and (viii) scFv2 (VL-VH) -scFv1 (VL-VH) -cytokine, where scFv1 is the two-in-one antibody and scFv2 is the anti-TAA antibody, “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. The trimeric complex as shown in the figure can be a homotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules of the same configuration, or alternatively a heterotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules having two or three different configurations as described herein. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0103] FIG. 1F shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one scFv antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA VHH antibody. There are four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-scFv (VH-VL) -VHH, (ii) cytokine-scFv (VL-VH) -VHH, (iii) scFv (VH-VL) -VHH-cytokine, and (iv) scFv (VL-VH) -VHH-cytokine. The trimeric complex as shown in the figure can be a homotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules of the same configuration, or alternatively a heterotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules having two or three different configurations as described herein. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0104] FIG. 1G shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody. There are eight possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1 x scFv (VH-VL) -VL-CL, (ii) cytokine-VL-CL x scFv (VH-VL) -VH-CH1, (iii) cytokine-VH-CH1 x scFv (VL-VH) -VL-CL, (iv) cytokine-VL-CL x scFv (VL-VH) -VH-CH1, (v) VH-CH1- cytokine x scFv (VH-VL) -VL-CL, (vi) VL-CL-cytokine x scFv (VH-VL) -VH-CH1, (vii) VH-CH1-cytokine x scFv (VL-VH) -VL-CL, and (viii) VL-CL-cytokine x scFv (VL-VH) -VH-CH1, where “x” separates different peptidic chains forming part of a immunoconjugate molecule, “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. The trimeric complex as shown in the figure can be a homotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules of the same configuration, or alternatively a heterotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules having two or three different configurations as described herein. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0105] FIG. 1H shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA VHH antibody. There are four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1 x VHH-VL-CL, (ii) cytokine-VL-CL x VHH-VH-CH1, (iii) VH-CH1-cytokine x VL-CL-VHH, (iv) VL-CL-cytokine x VH-CH1-VHH, where “x” separates different peptidic chains forming part of a immunoconjugate molecule, “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. The trimeric complex as shown in the figure can be a homotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules of the same configuration, or alternatively a heterotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules having two or three different configurations as described herein. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0106] FIG. 1I shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody. There are eight possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1 x VL-CL-scFv (VH-VL) , (ii) cytokine-VL-CL x VH-CH1-scFv (VH-VL) , (iii) cytokine-VH-CH1 x VL-CL-scFv (VL-VH) , (iv) cytokine-VL-CL x VH-CH1-scFv (VL-VH) , (v) VH-CH1-cytokine x VL-CL-scFv (VH-VL) , (vi) VL-CL-cytokine x VH-CH1-scFv (VH-VL) , (vii) VH-CH1-cytokine x VL-CL-scFv (VL-VH) , and (viii) VL-CL-cytokine x VH-CH1-scFv (VL-VH) , where “x” separates different peptidic chains forming part of a immunoconjugate molecule, “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. The trimeric complex as shown in the figure can be a homotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules of the same configuration, or alternatively a heterotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules having two or three different configurations as described herein. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0107] FIG. 1J shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody. There are eight possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1-scFv (VH-VL) x VL-CL, (ii) cytokine-VL-CL-scFv (VH-VL) x VH-CH1, (iii) cytokine-VH-CH1-scFv (VL-VH) x VL-CL, (iv) cytokine-VL-CL-scFv (VL-VH) x VH-CH1, (v) VH-CH1- scFv (VH-VL) -cytokine x VL-CL, (vi) VL-CL-scFv (VH-VL) -cytokine x VH-CH1, (vii) VH-CH1-scFv (VL-VH) -cytokine x VL-CL, and (viii) VL-CL-scFv (VL-VH) -cytokine x VH-CH1, where “x” separates different peptidic chains forming part of a immunoconjugate molecule, “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. The trimeric complex as shown in the figure can be a homotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules of the same configuration, or alternatively a heterotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules having two or three different configurations as described herein. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0108] FIG. 1K shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA VHH antibody. There are four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1 x VL-CL-VHH, (ii) cytokine-VL-CL x VH-CH1-VHH, (iii) VH-CH1-cytokine x VHH-VL-CL, and (iv) VL-CL-cytokine x VHH-VH-CH1, where “x” separates different peptidic chains forming part of a immunoconjugate molecule, “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. The trimeric complex as shown in the figure can be a homotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules of the same configuration, or alternatively a heterotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules having two or three different configurations as described herein. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0109] FIG. 1L shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA VHH antibody. There are four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1-VHH x VL-CL, (ii) cytokine-VL-CL-VHH x VH-CH1, (iii) VHH-VH-CH1-cytokine x VL-CL, and (iv) VHH-VL-CL-cytokine x VH-CH1, where “x” separates different peptidic chains forming part of a immunoconjugate molecule, “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. The trimeric complex as shown in the figure can be a homotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules of the same configuration, or alternatively a heterotrimer containing three copies of the immunoconjugate molecules having two or three different configurations as described herein. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0110] FIG. 2A is a schematic illustration of a soluble cytokine polypeptide.
[0111] FIGS. 2B to 2U are schematic illustrations of antibody-cytokine immunoconjugates of different molecular configurations according to the present disclosure. Particularly, FIG. 2B shows an immunoconjugate containing a cytokine polypeptide fused to the C-terminus of one of the two heavy chain fragments in an immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) .
[0112] FIG. 2C shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the N-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the C-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-hole) , and (b) a cytokine polypeptide fused to the C-terminus of the other heavy chain fragment in the immunoglobulin Fc domains (e.g., Fc-knob) , and.
[0113] FIG. 2D shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the N-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the C-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-hole) , (b) a cytokine polypeptide fused to the C-terminus of the other one of the two heavy chain fragments of an immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-knob) , and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody fused to the N terminus of one of the two heavy chain fragments in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-knob) .
[0114] FIG. 2E shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the N-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the C-terminus of one of the two heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-hole) , and (b) a cytokine polypeptide fused to the N terminus of the light chain fragment of the Fab antibody.
[0115] FIG. 2F shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the N-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the C-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of an immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) ; (b) a cytokine polypeptide fused to the C-terminus of the other heavy chain fragment of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-hole) , and (c) an anti-TAA single domain antibody fused to the N-terminus of one of the two heavy chain fragments in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) .
[0116] FIG. 2G shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one scFv antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the N-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of an immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-hole) , (b) a cytokine polypeptide fused to the C-terminus of the other heavy chain fragment of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) , and (c) an anti-TAA Fab antibody fused to the N-terminus of one of the two heavy chain fragments in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) .
[0117] FIG. 2H shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the N-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the C-terminus of one of the two heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-knob) , (b) a cytokine polypeptide fused to the N-terminus of the light chain fragment of the Fab antibody, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody fused to the N-terminus of one of the two heavy chain fragments in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-hole) .
[0118] FIG. 2I shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the N-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the C-terminus of one of the two heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-hole) , (b) a cytokine peptide fused to the C-terminus of the other heavy chain fragments in an immunoglobulin Fc domains (e.g., Fc-knob) , and (c) an anti-TAA Fab fused to the N-terminus of one of the two heavy chain fragments in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) .
[0119] FIG. 2J shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the N-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the C-terminus of one of the two heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-hole) , (b) a cytokine peptide fused to the N-terminus of the light chain fragment of the Fab antibody, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody fused to the N-terminus of one of the two heavy chain fragments in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) .
[0120] FIG. 2K shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the N-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-knob) , (b) a cytokine peptide fused to the N-terminus of the heavy chain fragment of a Fab antibody, and (c) an anti-TAA Fab antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the N-terminus of the other heavy chain fragment of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-hole) .
[0121] FIG. 2L shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the N-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the C-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-hole) , (b) a cytokine polypeptide fused to the C-terminus of the other heavy chain fragment of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-knob) , and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody fused to the N-terminus of one of the two heavy chain fragments in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-hole) .
[0122] FIG. 2M shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the N-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the C-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-hole) , (b) a cytokine peptide fused to the C-terminus of the other heavy chain fragment of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (Fc-knob) , and (c) and anti-TAA scFv fused to the C-terminus of the heavy chain fragment of the anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody.
[0123] FIG. 2N shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the N-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-hole) , (b) a cytokine peptide fused to the N-terminus of the heavy chain fragment of a Fab antibody, and (c) an anti-TAA Fab antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain to the N-terminus of the other heavy chain fragment of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., the Fc-knob) .
[0124] FIG. 2O shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the N-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) , (b) a cytokine peptide fused to the N-terminus of the heavy chain fragment of the Fab antibody, and (c) an anti-TAA single domain antibody fused to the N-terminus of the other one of the two heavy chain fragments in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-hole) .
[0125] FIG. 2P shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the N-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) , (b) a cytokine peptide fused to the N-terminus of the heavy chain fragment of the Fab antibody, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody fused to the N-terminus of the other one of the two heavy chain fragments in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-hole) .
[0126] FIG. 2Q shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the N-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-hole) , (b) a cytokine peptide fused to the N-terminus of the heavy chain fragment of the Fab antibody, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody fused to the N-terminus of the other one of the two heavy chain fragments in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) .
[0127] FIG. 2R shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the N-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-hole) , (b) a cytokine peptide fused to the N-terminus of the light chain fragment of the Fab antibody, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody fused to the N-terminus of the other one of the two heavy chain fragments in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) .
[0128] FIG. 2S shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the N-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) , (b) a cytokine peptide fused to the N-terminus of the light chain fragment of the Fab antibody, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody fused to the N-terminus of the other one of the two heavy chain fragments in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-hole) .
[0129] FIG. 2T shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the N-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) , (b) an anti-TAA Fab antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the N-terminus of the other heavy chain fragment in the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-hole) , and (c) a cytokine peptide fused to the N-terminus of the heavy chain fragment of the Fab antibody.
[0130] FIG. 2U shows an immunoconjugate containing (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused at the C-terminus of its heavy chain fragment to the N-terminus of one of the heavy chain fragments of the immunoglobulin Fc domain (e.g., Fc-knob) , and (b) a cytokine peptide fused to the N-terminus of the heavy chain fragment of the Fab antibody.
[0131] FIGS. 3A to 3L show binding affinities of two-in-one antibody variants to both TNF-α and tumor associated antigen ( “TAA” ) through biolayer interferometry analysis. Particularly, FIGS. 3A to 3F show binding affinities of six two-in-one Fab-Fc capable of binding to both TNF-α and FAP; FIGS. 3G to 3L show binding affinities of six two-in-one Fab-Fc capable of binding to both TNF-α and Trop2. The numeric values of the binding affinities are summarized in Table 3 and Table 4.
[0132] FIG. 4A is a schematic illustration of a trimer of TNF-α containing immunoconjugates according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this exemplary embodiment, each of the immunoconjugates comprises (i) a wild-type TNF-α polypeptide capable of mediating a cellular effect, (ii) a masking moiety capable of binding to TNF-α and inhibiting the cellular effect of TNF-α, and (iii) a peptidic linker connecting the portions described in (i) and (ii) of the immunoconjugate.
[0133] FIG. 4B shows TNF-α activities of immunoconjugates having the configuration in FIG. 4A measured using the HEK Blue TNF-α reporter cell line. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the TNF-αcontaining immunoconjugates; Y-axis shows the absorbance at 635 nm (A635) determined using a TECAN plate reader, which reflects the level of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and thus TNF-α activity. Two immunoconjugates were tested: a wild-type TNF-α polypeptide fused to a scFv derived from a commercially available anti-TNF-α antibody adalimumab (TNF-α -adascFv; solid circle) and a wild-type TNF-αpolypeptide fused to a scFv derived from another commercially available anti-TNF-α antibody certolizumab (TNF-α-certvhvl; up triangle) . A commercially available wild-type TNF-α polypeptide in the non-conjugated form was also included in the assay as a control (Sino Biological; square) . As shown, TNF-α activities of both tested immunoconjugates were inhibited by anti-TNF-α scFvs in these immunoconjugates as compared to the unconjugated TNF-α control.
[0134] FIG. 4C shows TNF-α activities of immunoconjugates having the configuration in FIG. 4A measured using the murine L929 cell line. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the TNF-α containing immunoconjugates in the presence of 1 μg / mL actinomycin D; Y-axis shows the intensity of the Alamar blue fluorescence, which reflects the amount of live cells and thus TNF-α activity. Two immunoconjugates were tested: TNF-α-adascFv (up triangle) and TNF-α-certvhvl (diamond) . Two versions of wild-type TNF-αpolypeptide in the non-conjugated form were also included in the assay as controls: Sino TNF-α as used in FIG. 4B (square) and a TNF-α with a FLAG-tag at the C-terminus (circle) . TNF-α activities of both tested immunoconjugates were inhibited by anti-TNF-α scFvs in these immunoconjugates as compared to the unconjugated TNF-α controls.
[0135] FIG. 5A is a schematic illustration of a trimer of immunoconjugates containing mutated TNF-αaccording to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this exemplary embodiment, each of the immunoconjugates comprises (i) a mutated TNF-α polypeptide with further diminished activity under the shielded condition but capable of mediating a cellular effect under the de-shielded condition, (ii) a masking moiety capable of binding to TNF-α and inhibiting the cellular effect of TNF-α, and (iii) a peptidic linker connecting the portions described in (i) and (ii) of the immunoconjugate.
[0136] The top panels of FIGS. 5B to 5D show TNF-α activities of immunoconjugates having the configuration in FIG. 5A measured using the HEK Blue TNF-α reporter cell line. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the immunoconjugates containing the mutated TNF-α; Y-axis shows the absorbance at 635 nm (A635) determined using a TECAN plate reader, which reflects the level of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and thus TNF-α activity. The bottom panels of FIGS. 5B to 5D show TNF-α activities of immunoconjugates having the configuration in FIG. 5A measured using the murine L929 cell line. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the immunoconjugates containing the mutated TNF-α; Y-axis shows the intensity of the Alamar blue fluorescence, which reflects the amount of live cells and thus TNF-α activity. Three versions of mutant TNF-α were tested in both assays: TNF-α S147A in FIG. 5B, TNF-α N34H in FIG. 5C, and TNF-α S95A in FIG. 5D. TNF-α activities of the unconjugated mutant TNF-α (solid circle in FIG. 5B, solid diamond in FIG. 5C, solid circle in FIG. 5D) were comparable to that of the unconjugated wild-type TNF-α (solid square and open square) . In contrast, under the shielded condition, TNF-α activities of immunoconjugates containing the mutant TNF-α polypeptide conjugated to a scFv derived from anti-TNF-α adalimumab (open circle in FIG. 5B, open diamond in FIG. 5C, open circle in FIG. 5D) were significantly inhibited.
[0137] FIG. 6A is a schematic illustration of a trimer of immunoconjugates containing mutated TNF-αaccording to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this exemplary embodiment, each of the immunoconjugates comprises (i) a mutated TNF-α polypeptide with further diminished activity under the shielded condition but capable of mediating a cellular effect in the unconjugated form, (ii) a masking moiety capable of binding to TNF-α and inhibiting the cellular effect of TNF-α, (iii) an anchoring moiety capable of binding to a tumor associated antigen: fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) , thereby immobilizing the immunoconjugate in an environment enriched of FAP, and (iv) peptidic linkers connecting the portions described in (i) , (ii) , and (iii) of the immunoconjugate.
[0138] FIGS. 6B and 6C show TNF-α activities of immunoconjugates having the configuration in FIG. 6A measured using the HEK Blue TNF-α reporter cell line. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circle and triangle) or presence (open circle and triangle) of FAP expressed on the surface of HEK Blue TNF-α reporter cells. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the immunoconjugates containing both the mutated TNF-α and the anchoring moiety; Y-axis shows the absorbance at 635 nm (A635) determined using a TECAN plate reader, which reflects the level of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and thus TNF-α activity. Two variants of mutated TNF-α in combination with two different linkers linking the anchoring moiety to the immunoconjugate were tested: TNF-α S147G plus linker (sc50) in Protein 15, TNF-α Y87F plus linker (sc50) in Protein 16, TNF-αS147G plus linker (sc70) in Protein 17, and TNF-α Y87F plus linker (sc70) in Protein 18. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides in the absence (solid circle) or presence of FAP-expressing cells (open circle) were included as controls. As shown, in the absence of FAP-expressing cells, TNF-α activities of the tested immunoconjugates (solid triangles) were significantly inhibited. In contrast, in the presence of FAP expression, TNF-α activities of the tested immunoconjugates (open triangles) were partially restored as compared to the control groups.
[0139] FIG. 7A is a schematic illustration of a trimer of immunoconjugates containing mutant TNF-αaccording to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this exemplary embodiment, each of the immunoconjugates comprises (i) a mutant TNF-α polypeptide with further diminished activity under the shielded condition but capable of mediating a cellular effect under the naked condition; (ii) a two-in-one masking moiety capable of (a) binding to TNF-α and inhibiting the cellular effect of TNF-α, and (b) binding to FAP; (iii) an anchoring moiety capable of binding to FAP, thereby immobilizing the immunoconjugate in an environment enriched of FAP, and (iv) peptidic linkers connecting the portions described in (i) , (ii) , and (iii) of the immunoconjugate.
[0140] FIGS. 7B to 7G show TNF-α activities of immunoconjugates having the configuration in FIG. 7A measured using the HEK Blue TNF-α reporter cell line. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circle and triangle) or presence (open circle and triangle) of FAP expressed on the surface of HEK Blue TNF-α reporter cells. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the immunoconjugates; Y-axis shows the absorbance at 635 nm (A635) determined using a TECAN plate reader, which reflects the level of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and thus TNF-α activity. Each of the six tested immunoconjugates contained a Y87F or S147G point mutation of TNF-α, a different two-in-one masking moiety, and a different anchoring moiety. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides in the absence (solid circle) or presence of FAP-expressing cells (open circle) were included as controls. As shown, in the absence of FAP-expressing cells, TNF-α activities of the tested immunoconjugates (solid triangle) were significantly inhibited. In contrast, in the presence of FAP-expressing cells, TNF-α activities of the tested immunoconjugates (open triangle) were at least partially restored as compared to the control groups.
[0141] FIGS. 8A to 8F show TNF-α activities of immunoconjugates having the configuration in FIG. 7A measured using the HEK Blue TNF-α reporter cell line. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circle and triangle) or presence (open circle and triangle) of FAP-expressing cells co-cultured with HEK Blue TNF-αreporter cells. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the immunoconjugates; Y-axis shows the absorbance at 635 nm (A635) determined using a TECAN plate reader, which reflects the level of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and thus TNF-α activity. Each of the six immunoconjugates contained a Y87F or S147G point mutation of TNF-α, a different two-in-one masking moiety, and a different anchoring moiety. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides in the absence (solid circle) or presence of FAP-expressing cells (open circle) were included as controls. As shown, in the absence of FAP-expressing cells, TNF-α activities of the tested immunoconjugates (solid triangle) were significantly inhibited. In contrast, in the presence of FAP-expressing cells, TNF-α activities of the tested immunoconjugates (open triangle) were at least partially restored as compared to the control groups.
[0142] FIG. 9A is a schematic illustration of a trimer of immunoconjugates containing mutated TNF-αaccording to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this exemplary embodiment, each of the immunoconjugates comprises (i) a mutated TNF-α polypeptide with further diminished activity under the shielded condition but capable of mediating a cellular effect under the unconjugated form; (ii) a two-in-one masking moiety capable of (a) binding to TNF-α and inhibiting the cellular effect of TNF-α, and (b) binding to FAP; and (iii) peptidic linkers connecting the portions described in (i) and (ii) of the immunoconjugate.
[0143] FIG. 9B shows TNF-α activities of immunoconjugates having the configuration in FIG. 9A measured using the HEK Blue TNF-α reporter cell line. The assays were performed in the absence (circle and up triangle) or presence (down triangle and diamond) of FAP expressed on the surface of HEK Blue TNF-α reporter cells. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the immunoconjugates; Y-axis shows the absorbance at 635 nm (A635) determined using a TECAN plate reader, which reflects the level of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and thus TNF-α activity. In both tested immunoconjugates, the mutated TNF-α has a Y87F point mutation. The two-in-one masking moiety is FN06 or FN15 in the two tested immunoconjugates. As shown, in the absence of FAP-expressing cells, TNF-α activities of the tested immunoconjugates (circle and up triangle) were significantly inhibited. In contrast, in the presence of FAP-expressing cells, TNF-α activities of the tested immunoconjugates (down triangle and diamond) were at least partially restored.
[0144] FIGS. 10A to 10D show TNF-α activities of immunoconjugates having the configuration in FIG. 7A and with different lengths of the linker between mutant TNF-α polypeptide and the two-in-one masking moiety (50, 70, or 160 amino acids long) or the linker between the anchoring moiety and the two-in-one masking moiety (70 or 160 amino acids long) . TNF-α activities of the tested immunoconjugates were measured using the HEK Blue TNF-α reporter cell line. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circle and triangles) or presence (open circle and triangles) of FAP expressed on the surface of HEK Blue TNF-α reporter cells. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the immunoconjugates; Y-axis shows the absorbance at 635 nm (A635) determined using a TECAN plate reader, which reflects the level of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and thus TNF-α activity. Particularly, the immunoconjugates tested in FIG. 10A contained a S147G point mutation in the TNF-α polypeptide and FN06 as the two-in-one masking moiety; the immunoconjugates tested in FIG. 10B contained a S147G point mutation in the TNF-α polypeptide and FN15 as the two-in-one masking moiety; the immunoconjugates tested in FIG. 10C contained a Y87F point mutation in the TNF-α polypeptide and FN06 as the two-in-one masking moiety; the immunoconjugates tested in FIG. 10D contained a Y87F point mutation in the TNF-α polypeptide and FN15 as the two-in-one masking moiety; the anchoring moiety of all tested immunoconjugates is scFv70. In addition, the commercially available wild-type TNF-α polypeptide in the non-conjugated form was included in the assay as a control (Sino Biological; solid square) . As shown, in the absence of FAP-expressing cells, TNF-α activities of the tested immunoconjugates (solid circle and triangles) were all significantly inhibited; in the presence of FAP-expressing cells, TNF-αactivities of the tested immunoconjugates (open circle and triangles) were at least partially restored as compared to the control groups. Although there is no meaningful correlation between TNF-α activity and the length of the linker connecting the anchoring moiety and the masking moiety, there is a modest (~10-fold) difference in TNF-α activity between the shortest and the longest length of the linker connecting TNF-α and the masking moiety.
[0145] FIG. 11A shows the SDS-PAGE results of purified protein samples from constructs designed to express covalent disulfide-linked TNF-α variants. Five of the eleven purified protein samples expressed at comparable level as wild type TNF-α, and appeared at expected size of a TNF-α trimer (51-kDa) (top panel of FIG. 11A) . In addition, after being treated with the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) , the same five purified protein samples appeared at the size of a TNF-α monomer (17-kDa) (bottom panel of FIG. 11A) .
[0146] FIG. 11B shows TNF-α activities of the five confirmed covalent disulfide-linked TNF-α variants (ID NOs: 2, 7, 9, 10, and 11) , as well as the wild-type TNF-α. Three covalent disulfide-linked TNF-α variants (Protein ID NOs: 2, 9, and 11; open circle, open and solid triangles) maintained or exceeded the potency of wild-type non-covalent TNF-α (solid circle) .
[0147] FIG. 12A to FIG. 12D show different configurations of TNF-α containing immunoconjugates screened for cell killing activity using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay.
[0148] FIGS. 13A to 13J show cell killing activities of different TNF-α containing immunoconjugate molecules screened using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. Particularly, FIGS. 13A and 13B show TNF-α activities of an immunoconjugate having the configuration in FIG. 12B. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles and up triangles) or presence (open circles and up triangles) of hFAP-M2C2 cells. The TNF-α activity was analyzed at a proliferation time of 24 hours (FIG. 21A) and 48 hours (FIG. 21B) . The immunoconjugate contained a N34H point mutation of TNF-α, a scFV70 anchoring moiety, and an FN15 two-in-one masking moiety. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls.
[0149] FIGS. 13C and 13D show TNF-α activities of an immunoconjugate having the configuration in FIG. 12B measuring using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles and up triangles) or presence (open circles and up triangles) of hFAP-M2C2 cells. The TNF-α activity was analyzed at a proliferation time of 24 hours (FIG. 21C) and 48 hours (FIG. 21D) . The immunoconjugate contained a S95A point mutation of TNF-α, a scFV70 anchoring moiety, and an FN15 two-in-one masking moiety. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls..
[0150] FIGS. 13E and 13F show TNF-α activities of an immunoconjugate having the configuration in FIG. 12B measuring using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles and up triangles) or presence (open circles and up triangles) of hFAP-M2C2 cells. The TNF-α activity was analyzed at a proliferation time of 24 hours (FIG. 21E) and 48 hours (FIG. 21F) . The immunoconjugate contained a A145G point mutation of TNF-α, a scFV70 anchoring moiety, and an FN15 two-in-one masking moiety. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls.
[0151] FIGS. 13G and 13H show TNF-α activities of an immunoconjugate having the configuration in FIG. 12B measuring using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles and up triangles) or presence (open circles and up triangles) of hFAP-M2C2 cells. The TNF-α activity was analyzed at a proliferation time of 24 hours (FIG. 21G) and 48 hours (FIG. 21H) . The immunoconjugate contained a S147A point mutation of TNF-α, a scFV70 anchoring moiety, and an FN15 two-in-one masking moiety. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls.
[0152] FIGS. 13I and 13J show TNF-α activities of an immunoconjugate having the configuration in FIG. 12B measuring using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles and up triangles) or presence (open circles and up triangles) of hFAP-M2C2 cells. The TNF-α activity was analyzed at a proliferation time of 24 hours (FIG. 21I) and 48 hours (FIG. 21J) . The immunoconjugate contained a N34H point mutation of TNF-α, a FAP1SCFV anchoring moiety, and an FN15 two-in-one masking moiety. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls.
[0153] FIGS. 14A to 14N show cell killing activities of different TNF-α containing immunoconjugate molecules screened using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls. Particularly, FIGS. 14A to 14G show TNF-α activities of an immunoconjugate having the configuration in FIG. 12D measured using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles and up triangles) or presence (open circles and up triangles) of hFAP-M2C2 cells. The immunoconjugates contained either a N34H, S147A, or S95A point mutation of TNF-α, a variant VHH anchoring moiety, and an FN15 two-in-one masking moiety.
[0154] FIGS. 14H to 14N show TNF-α activities of an immunoconjugate having the configuration in FIG. 12B measured using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles and up triangles) or presence (open circles and up triangles) of hFAP-M2C2 cells. The immunoconjugates contained either a N34H / A33T, N34H / A145G, N34H / A145V, A33T / A145G, A33T / A145V, S147A, or S95A point mutation of TNF-α, a FAP1-SCFV anchoring moiety, and an FN15 two-in-one masking moiety.
[0155] FIG. 15A shows TNF-α activities of unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides measured using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles) or presence (open circles) of hFAP-M2C2 cells. The assays were also performed in the presence of 1.0 μg / mL ActD or 2.0 μg / mL ActD. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the immunoconjugate. Y-axis shows the absorbance of the immunoconjugate using a TECAN plate reader, which reflects the levels of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and thus TNF-α activity.
[0156] FIG. 15B shows TNF-α activities of an immunoconjugate having the configuration in FIG. 12B measured using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles) or presence (open circles) of hFAP-M2C2 cells. The assays were also performed in the presence of 1.0 μg / mL ActD or 2.0 μg / mL ActD. The immunoconjugates contained a N34H point mutation of TNF-α, an scFV70 anchoring moiety, and an FN15 two-in-one masking moiety. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls.
[0157] FIGS. 16A to 16C show TNF-α activities of immunoconjugates having the configuration in FIG. 12B measured using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles and up triangles) or presence (open circles and up triangles) of hFAP-M2C2 cells. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the immunoconjugate. Y-axis shows the activity of the immunoconjugate using a TECAN plate reader, which reflects the levels of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and thus TNF-α activity. The immunoconjugates contained either a S95A or A33T point mutation of TNF-α, an FAP1SCFV anchoring moiety, and a variant FN15 two-in-one masking moiety. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls.
[0158] FIGS. 16D to 16F show TNF-α activities of immunoconjugates having the configuration in FIG. 12D measured using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles and up triangles) or presence (open circles and up triangles) of hFAP-M2C2 cells. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the immunoconjugate. Y-axis shows the activity of the immunoconjugate using a TECAN plate reader, which reflects the levels of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and thus TNF-α activity. The immunoconjugates contained either a S95A or A33T point mutation of TNF-α, a VHH anchoring moiety, and a variant FN15 two-in-one masking moiety. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls.
[0159] FIGS. 17A to 17E show TNF-α activities of different immunoconjugates measured using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The immunoconjugate T116 ( “full” immunoconjugate) shown in FIG. 17A has a configuration as shown in FIG. 7A. The immunoconjugate T117 (lacking the two-in-one masking moiety capable of binding to FAP) shown in FIG. 17B has a configuration as shown in FIG. 17C. The immunoconjugate T114 (lacking the anchoring moiety capable of binding to FAP) has a configuration shown in FIG. 17D has a configuration as shown in FIG. 17E. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles and up triangles) or presence (open circles and up triangles) of FAP-expressing cell lines. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls. These results demonstrates the impact of FAP-binding capability of an immunoconjugate molecule on the activation of cell killing activity of TNF-α containing immunoconjugate.
[0160] FIGS. 18A to 18L show screening of various TNF-α containing immunoconjugate molecules constructed with different anchoring moieties and / or two-in-one masking moiety derived from FAP / TNF-α two-in-one antibody FN15 using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay.
[0161] FIGS. 19A to 19E show TNF-α activities of the immunoconjugates having the configuration in FIG. 12C (T102 containing a S95A point mutation of TNF-α, a VHH anchoring moiety and the same FN15 two-in-one masking moiety) . measured using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles, up triangles, diamonds, down triangles, and squares) or presence (open circles, up triangles, diamonds, down triangles, and squares) of FAP. The assays were performed with the following concentrations of Actinomycin D (ActD) : 0.0 μg / mL ActD (FIG. 14A) , 0.2 μg / mL ActD (FIG. 14B) , 0.5 μg / mL ActD (FIG. 14C) , 1.0 μg / mL ActD (FIG. 14D) , and 2.0 μg / mL ActD (FIG. 14E) . These data suggest that in certain instances (e.g., higher confluency cell assays) , addition of Actinomycin D can increase cell killing activity.
[0162] FIGS. 20A to 20C show TNF-α activities of the T102 immunoconjugate measured using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed in the absence (solid circles and up triangles) or presence (open circles, up triangles, and squares) of soluble FAP. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls. As shown, 10 nM soluble FAP was unable to induce T102 to kill cells without FAP expression (FIG. 20B, open squares) , suggesting this immunoconjugate molecule requires cell-surface anchorage (via expressed FAP) to unleash full activity.
[0163] FIGS. 21A to 21E show TNF-α activities of the T102 immunoconjugate in Tumor cell line WEHI-164 were co-cultured in the presence or absence of a WEHI-164 cell line ectopically expressing FAP (WEHI-164 Clone M2C2) . Cell viability was determined with the alamarBlue assay (Invitrogen, Waltham, Massachusetts) monitoring fluorescence (540 nm excitation, 590 nm emission) . Data were plotted as relative fluorescence (y-axis, relative fluorescence units) vs. immunoconjugate concentration (x-axis, in picomolar) . The signal of the y-axis is proportional to the number of viable cells in the assay. The following concentrations of Actinomycin D (ActD) : 0.0 μg / mL ActD (FIG. 21A) , 0.1 μg / mL ActD (FIG. 21B) , 0.2 μg / mL ActD (FIG. 21C) , 0.4 μg / mL ActD (FIG. 21D) , and 0.6 μg / mL ActD (FIG. 21E) were screened. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls. These figures demonstrate that the capacity of TNF-α containing immunoconjugates as described herein in enabling bystander killing of cells without FAP expression when mixed with cells containing FAP (50: 50 mix) . In the presence of Actinomycin D, the extent of killing was similar with T102 when cells only contain FAP (black, open squares) and when only 50%of cells contain FAP (grey, open squares) .
[0164] FIG. 22A shows TNF-α activities of measured using the HEK Blue TNF-α and HEK Blue TNF-αFAP reporter cell lines. The results show that the potency of TNF-α immunoconjugate T017 in HEK Blue TNF-α FAP assay (solid down triangle) in the presence of HEK Blue TNF-α with FAP in cis-presentation was comparable to unconjugated TNF-α (solid circle) in HEK Blue TNF-α assay. In the absence of surface FAP in HEK Blue TNF-α assay, the immunoconjugate T017 was almost silent (open down triangle) .
[0165] FIG. 22B shows TNF-α activities of measured using the HEK Blue TNF-α reporter cell line co-cultured with either HEK 293T cells or HEK 293T-FAP cells. The results show that TNF-α immunoconjugate T017 was silent when co-cultured with HEK 293T cells (open down triangle) . When co-cultured with HEK 293T-FAP cells in the presence of surface FAP at trans-presentation (solid down triangle) , T017 was activated but its potency was ~100 folds less than the TNF-α (solid circle) .
[0166] FIG. 22C shows TNF-α activities of an immunoconjugate having the configuration in FIG. 12C measured using the WEHI-164 and WEHI-164-FAP apoptotic assays. The results show that TNF-α immunoconjugate T102 in WEHI-164-FAP assay (solid down triangle) in the presence of surface FAP at cis-presentation was more potent than unconjugated TNF-α (solid circle) in WEHI-164 assay. In the absence of surface FAP in WEHI-164 assay, the immunoconjugate T102 was silent (open down triangle) .
[0167] FIG. 22D shows TNF-α activities of measured using the WEHI-164 and WEHI-164-FAP co-culture assays. The results show that increasing amount of Actinomycin D increased WEHI-164’s apoptotic sensitivity to TNF-α (open and solid circles) . In the presence of 1.0 μg Actinomycin D, T102 caused similar apoptotic response as TNF-α (solid down triangle) which indicates the 50%WEHI-164 cells were killed too likely due to the trans-presentation of FAP from the rest 50%WEHI-164-FAP cells. X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the immunoconjugate. Y-axis shows normalized cell viability. The immunoconjugate contained a S95A point mutation of TNF-α, a VHH anchoring moiety, and an FN15 two-in-one masking moiety. Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls.
[0168] FIGS. 23A and 23B show the clinical potential of the TNF-α immunoconjugate molecules described herein. FIG. 23A shows that human soft tissue sarcoma cells (SA3831, CrownBio) express high levels of FAP ( (~1x106 FAP / cell) . FIG. 23B shows a TNF-α containing immunoconjugate molecule as described herein is synergistic with chemotherapeutic agent Actinomycin D on human primary tumor cells within therapeutically relevant concentrations.
[0169] FIG. 24A left panel shows the sizes of the purified immunoconjugate protein and components thereof confirmed via SDS-PAGE. Right panel shows accelerated stability of an TNF-α containing immunoconjugate as described herein measured using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) . As shown in the figure, the protein remained stable after storage at 40 ℃ for four weeks, or 5 rounds of freeze-thaw cycles.
[0170] FIG. 24B shows serum concentration (ng / mL) of the TNF-α containing immunoconjugate or a non-conjugated TNFα polypeptide days after administration to a test subject, and the measurement of half life (hour) , which demonstrating that the immunoconjugate molecule had more than 100 folds increased half life compared to unconjugated TNF-α polypeptide.
[0171] FIG. 24C shows body weight change in mice administered PBS, or 4 μg unconjugated TNF-αpolypeptide or 200 μg immunoconjugate molecule having the configuration in FIG. 12B (T098 containing a S95A point mutation of TNF-α, a scFV anchoring moiety derived from FAP1 and FN15 two-in-one masking moiety) . As shown T098 was less toxic compared to unconjugated TNF-α polypeptide as measured by body weight reduction following administration.
[0172] FIGS. 25A to 25C show tumor regression and efficacy in various animal models following administration of T098 immunoconjugate. FIG. 25A shows that the administration of the immunoconjugate was able to inhibit tumor growth in Balb / c mouse cancer model. FIG. 25B shows that the administration of the immunoconjugate did not change body weight in the mice. FIG. 25C shows that the administration of the immunoconjugate did not change tumor volume in M-NSG immunocompromised mice.
[0173] FIG. 26A shows tumor growth inhibition and body weight change in Balb / c mice following administration of 4μg of unconjugated TNF-α polypeptide, 1 μg Actinomycin D, or 100 μg TNF-α containing immunoconjugate (T102) in combination with 1 μg Actinomycin D. The result shows that the administration of the combination treatment inhibited tumor growth comparable to unconjugated TNF-α polypeptide, but significantly reduced toxicity of the treatment as measured by body weight reduction following administration.
[0174] FIG. 26B shows Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining 48 hours after first dosing of PBS (control) or 25μg TNF-α containing immunoconjugate as described herein, indicting the administered immunoconjugate molecule induced destruction and lymphocyte infiltration in tumor.
[0175] FIG. 26C shows the tumor inhibition efficacy of an example of a TNF-α containing immunoconjugates molecule as described herein. Two animal models were used: WEHI-164 WT and WEHI-164-FAP. The WEHI-164-FAP was engineered to express FAP, while the WEHI-164 WT model did not express FAP. This result demonstrates that tumor inhibition efficacy of this TNF-α containing immunoconjugates depends on the presence of FAP to unshield TNF-α activity.
[0176] FIGS. 27A to 27R show screening data of various TNF-α-containing immunoconjugate molecules having Configuration 6 as shown in FIG. 1G. Particularly, the immunoconjugate molecule contains two amino acid chains. The first chain contains, from N to C, a cytokine moiety containing a wild-type or mutant TNF-α, which is fused via a linker peptide to the VH domain of a two-in-one anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP mab (masking moiety) , and a CH domain of the two-in-one masking moiety; the second chain contains, from N to C, an anti- FAP anchoring moiety either in the scFv format that is fused via a linker peptide to the VL domain of the two-in-one masking moiety, and a CL domain of the two-in-one masking moiety. Multiple copies of the TNF-α-containing immunoconjugate molecule having this configuration may multimiezie via the TNF-amoiety (e.g., forming a trimer as shown in FIG. 1G) . Various cytokine domain having different TNF-α mutations (e.g., A33T, N34H, Y87A, S95A, A145G, A147A) , various two-in-one masking moiety having different VH sequences (e.g., FN15 VH, FN15 H2var1, FN15 H2var2, FN15 H2var3, FN15 H2var4, FN15 H2Rev1) and / or different VL sequences (e.g., FN15 VL, or FN15 L1 Rev3) , various linker peptides between the TNF-α moiety and the two-in-one VH domain or between the anchoring domain and the two-in-one VL domain (e.g., 6X (G3ES) , 32X (G3ES) , 32X (G4S) , 6X (G4S) , 10X (G4S) , 14X (G4S) , 32X (G4S) were used in different combinations to construct the TNF-α containing immunoconjugates screened. Particularly, the screening assay measured TNF-α activities of the different immunoconjugate molecules using the WEHI-164 co-culture assay. The assays were performed with WEHI-164 cells or a WEHI-164 cell line ectopically expressing hFAP (hFAP-M2C2 cells) . X-axis shows the concentration (pM) of the immunoconjugate. Y-axis shows the activity of the immunoconjugate using a TECAN plate reader where the cell viability was determined with the alamarBlue assay (Invitrogen, Waltham, Massachusetts) monitoring fluorescence (540 nm excitation, 590 nm emission) . Unconjugated wild-type TNF-α polypeptides were included as controls.5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0177] The present disclosure provides immunoconjugate molecules comprising a cytokine polypeptide.
[0178] The present disclosure also provides, in certain embodiments, polynucleotides and vectors comprising sequences encoding such immunoconjugate molecules, and compositions, reagents, and kits comprising such immunoconjugate molecules. In related aspect, provided herein are also methods for delivery and / or activation of a cytokine activity at a target site, or reduce toxicity and / or other side-effects associated with systemic exposure to the cytokine activity in a subject through the use of the immunoconjugate molecules according to the present disclosure.
[0179] 5.1 General Techniques
[0180] Techniques and procedures described or referenced herein include those that are generally well understood and / or commonly employed using conventional methodology by those skilled in the art, such as, for example, the widely utilized methodologies described in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (3d ed. 2001) ; Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Ausubel et al. eds., 2003) ; Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Clinic (An ed. 2009) ; Monoclonal Antibodies: Methods and Protocols (Albitar ed. 2010) ; Phage Display in Biotechnology and Drug Discovery (Sidhu and Geyer eds., 2d ed. 2005) ; Phage Display: a Laboratory Manual (Barbas et al. eds., 2004) ; and Antibody Engineering Vols 1 and 2 (Kontermann and Dübel eds., 2d ed. 2010) .
[0181] 5.2 Terminology
[0182] Unless described otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. For purposes of interpreting this specification, the following description of terms will apply and whenever appropriate, terms used in the singular will also include the plural and vice versa. All patents, applications, published applications, and other publications are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the event that any description of terms set forth conflicts with any document incorporated herein by reference, the description of term set forth below shall control.
[0183] As used herein, the singular terms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include the plural reference unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0184] Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “oligonucleotides” and “nucleic acids” are used interchangeably and are written left to right in 5’ to 3’ orientation; amino acid sequences are written left to right in amino to carboxy orientation, respectively. Therefore, in general, the codon at the 5’ -terminus of an oligonucleotide will correspond to the N-terminal amino acid residue that is incorporated into a translated protein or peptide product. Similarly, in general, the codon at the 3’ -terminus of an oligonucleotide will correspond to the C-terminal amino acid residue that is incorporated into a translated protein or peptide product. It is to be understood that this present disclosure is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols, and reagents described, as these may vary, depending upon the context they are used by those of skill in the art.
[0185] The term “soluble” when used in connection with a peptide or polypeptide (e.g., a cytokine or antigen) indicates that such peptide or polypeptide is not associated with solid surface or attached to the surface of a cell. In some embodiments, in contrast to a cell surface antigen, a soluble antigen is secreted to the extracellular space. According to the present disclosure, a tumor associated antigen can be expressed on the cell surface or soluble.
[0186] The term “TNF-α” or “tumor necrosis factor alpha” as used herein, refers to any native TNF-α from any vertebrate source, including mammals such as primates (e.g., humans) and rodents (e.g., mice and rats) , unless otherwise indicated. The term encompasses unprocessed TNF-α as well as any form of TNF-α (e.g., protein complex containing multimerized TNF-α) that results from processing in the cell. The term also encompasses naturally occurring variants of TNF-α, e.g., splice variants or allelic variants. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary human TNF-α is
[0187] VRSSSRTPSDKPVAHVVANPQAEGQLQWLNRRANALLANGVELRDNQLVVPSEGLYLIYSQVLFKGQG CPSTHVLLTHTISRIAVSYQTKVNLLSAIKSPCQRETPEGAEAKPWYEPIYLGGVFQLEKGDRLSAEINRP DYLDFAESGQVYFGIIAL (SEQ ID NO: 1) . In some embodiments, TNF-α polypeptides can form a homotrimer complex through the extensive trimer interface of the TNF-α polypeptides. Eck and Sprang, J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 15; 264 (29) : 17595-605.
[0188] The term “TNF-α mutant” or “mutant TNF-α” as used herein is intended to encompass any mutant forms of various forms of the TNF-α molecule including full-length TNF-α, truncated forms of TNF-α and forms where TNF-α polypeptide containing one or more amino acid mutations in its sequence. “Full-length” when used in reference to TNF-α is intended to mean the mature, natural length TNF-α molecule. For example, full-length human TNF-α refers to a molecule that has 157 amino acids (see e.g., SEQ ID NO: 1) . The various forms of TNF-α mutants are characterized in having at least one amino acid mutation affecting the interaction of TNF-αwith one or both of its two receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2. This mutation may involve substitution, deletion, truncation or modification of the wild-type amino acid residue normally located at that position. Unless otherwise indicated, a TNF-α mutant may be referred to herein as a TNF-α mutant peptide sequence, TNF-αmutant polypeptide, TNF-α mutant protein or TNF-α mutant analog. Designation of various forms of TNF-α is herein made with respect to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. Various designations may be used herein to indicate the same mutation. For example, a mutation from serine at position 147 to alanine can be indicated as 147A, A147, A147, S147A, or Ser147Ala. The numbering of the positions of mutated amino acid residues is according to the wild-type human TNF-α sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) . Without being bound by the theory, it is contemplated that single mutations A33T, N34A, N34H, Y87A, Y87F, S95A, A145G, A145V, S147A, and S147G each can reduce binding affinity between TNF-α and one or both of its receptors TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNF-α receptor 2 (TNFR2) . In some embodiments, the wild-type TNF-α can be mutated to modulate self-interaction affinity between TNF-α polypeptides during oligomerization. In specific embodiments, wild type TNF-α can be mutated to include one or more cysteine residues, such that multimerization between TNF-α or TNF-α containing immunoconjugate molecules can be stabilized through the formation of the covalent disulfide bond between the added cysteine residues. Exemplary mutations that can facilitate multimerization of TNF-α or TNF-α contain immunoconjugate molecules include P08C, L55C, Q102C, E104C, S95C, G148C, I97C, Y115C, H73C, and P113C. In specific embodiments, a mutant TNF-α contains one or more mutations selected from P08C, L55C, Q102C, E104C, S95C, G148C, I97C, Y115C, H73C, and P113C. In specific embodiments, a mutant TNF-α contains double mutations selected from P08C, L55C, Q102C, E104C, S95C, G148C, I97C, Y115C, H73C, and P113C. In yet specific embodiments, a mutant TNF-α contains double mutations of (i) P08C and L55C, (ii) Q102C and E104C, (iii) S95C and G148C, (iv) I97C and Y115C, (v) H73C and P113C, or (vi) any combination of (i) to (v) . Additional mutant TNF-α polypeptides that can be used in connection with the present disclosure include those described in, for example, Loetscher et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268 (35) : 26350-26357, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0189] As used herein, a “wild-type” form of TNF-α is a form of TNF-α that is otherwise the same as the mutant TNF-α polypeptide except that the wild-type form has a wild-type amino acid at each amino acid position of the mutant TNF-α polypeptide. For example, if the TNF-α mutant is the full-length TNF-α (i.e., TNF-α not fused or conjugated to any other molecule) , the wild-type form of this mutant is full-length native TNF-α. If the TNF-α mutant is a fusion between TNF-α and another polypeptide encoded downstream of TNF-α (e.g., an antibody chain) the wild-type form of this TNF-α mutant is TNF-α with a wild-type amino acid sequence fused to the same downstream polypeptide. Furthermore, if the TNF-α mutant is a truncated form of TNF-α (the mutated or modified sequence within the non-truncated portion of TNF-α) then the wild-type form of this TNF-αmutant is a similarly truncated TNF-α that has a wild-type sequence. For the purpose of comparing TNF-α receptor binding affinity or biological activity of various forms of TNF-α mutants to the corresponding wild-type form of TNF-α, the term wild-type encompasses forms of TNF-α comprising one or more amino acid mutation that does not affect TNF-α receptor binding compared to the naturally occurring, native TNF-α. In certain embodiments according to the invention the wild-type TNF-α polypeptide to which the mutant TNF-αpolypeptide is compared comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0190] As used herein, a “corresponding site” in a polypeptide with respect to a reference polypeptide sequence can be determined by aligning and comparing the sequences. After aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, those pairs of sites in the two sequences that are considered aligned with one another are corresponding sites. Alignment for purposes of determining corresponding sites in two amino acid sequences can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN, or MEGALIGN (DNAStar, Inc. ) software. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for aligning sequences, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared.
[0191] The term “TNFR1” or “TNF-α receptor 1” as used herein, refers to any native TNFR1 from any vertebrate source, including mammals such as primates (e.g., humans) and rodents (e.g., mice and rats) , unless otherwise indicated. The term encompasses “full-length” , unprocessed TNFR1 as well as any form of TNFR1 that results from processing in the cell. The term also encompasses naturally occurring variants of TNFR1, e.g., splice variants or allelic variants. In certain embodiments TNFR1 is human TNFR1. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary human TNFR1 is shown below:
[0192] The term “TNFR2” or “TNF-α receptor 2” as used herein, refers to any native TNFR2 from any vertebrate source, including mammals such as primates (e.g., humans) and rodents (e.g., mice and rats) , unless otherwise indicated. The term encompasses “full-length” , unprocessed TNFR2 as well as any form of TNFR2 that results from processing in the cell. The term also encompasses naturally occurring variants of TNFR2, e.g., splice variants or allelic variants. In certain embodiments TNFR2 is human TNFR2. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary human TNFR2 is shown below:
[0193] The term “identity” refers to a relationship between the sequences of two or more polypeptide molecules or two or more nucleic acid molecules, as determined by aligning and comparing the sequences. “Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity” with respect to a reference polypeptide sequence is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in the reference polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN, or MEGALIGN (DNAStar, Inc. ) software. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for aligning sequences, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared.
[0194] The term “tumor associated antigen” or “TAA” , as used herein, refers to an antigen expressed by a cancer cell or in the stroma of a solid tumor. The TAA can be a protein, nucleic acid, lipid or other antigen. In certain embodiments, the TAA can be a cell-surface expressed TAA. In the context of a solid tumor, the TAA can be expressed in the stroma of a solid tumor mass. The term “stroma” as used herein refers to components in a solid tumor mass other than a cancer cell. For example, the stroma can include fibroblasts, epithelial cells, other blood vessel components or extracellular matrix components. As used herein, the term “stroma” does not include components of the immune system, such as immune cells (e.g., B-cells, T-cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and the like) . Various TAAs are known in the art. Identifying TAA can be performed using methods known in the art, such as disclosed in Zhang et al., Methods Mol. Biol., 520: 1-10 (2009) ; the content of which is enclosed herein by reference.
[0195] The term “fibroblast activation protein” or “FAP” as used herein, refers to any native FAP from any vertebrate source, including mammals such as primates (e.g., humans) and rodents (e.g., mice and rats) , unless otherwise indicated. The term encompasses unprocessed FAP as well as any form of FAP that results from processing in the cell. The term also encompasses naturally occurring variants of FAP, e.g., splice variants or allelic variants. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary human FAP is shown below
[0196] The term “Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2, ” “Trop-2, ” or “Trop2” as used herein, refers to any native Trop-2 from any vertebrate source, including mammals such as primates (e.g., humans) and rodents (e.g., mice and rats) , unless otherwise indicated. The term encompasses unprocessed Trop-2 as well as any form of Trop-2 that results from processing in the cell. The term also encompasses naturally occurring variants of Trop-2, e.g., splice variants or allelic variants. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary human Trop-2 is shown below
[0197] The term “tumor microenvironment” refers to any and all elements of the neoplasia milieu that creates a structural and / or functional environment for the neoplastic process to survive, expand, and / or spread. As a non-limiting example, a tumor microenvironment is constituted by the cells, molecules, fibroblasts, extracellular matrix and / or blood vessels that surround and / or feed one or more neoplastic cells, such as a solid tumor. In certain embodiments, the neoplastic disease is a solid tumor. Exemplary cells or tissue within the tumor microenvironment include, but are not limited to, tumor vasculature, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, fibroblast reticular cells, endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) , cancer-associated fibroblasts, pericytes, other stromal cells, components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) , dendritic cells, antigen presenting cells, T-cells, regulatory T-cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and other immune cells located proximal to a tumor. Exemplary cellular functions affecting the tumor microenvironment include, but are not limited to, production of cytokines and / or chemokines, response to cytokines, antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen, regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis and migration, regulation of gene expression, complement activation, regulation of signaling pathways, cell-mediated cytotoxicity, cell-mediated immunity, humoral immune responses, and innate immune responses, etc.
[0198] The term “antibody, ” “immunoglobulin, ” or “Ig” is used interchangeably herein, and is used in the broadest sense and specifically encompasses, for example, individual monoclonal antibodies (including agonist, antagonist, neutralizing antibodies, full length or intact monoclonal antibodies) , antibody compositions with polyepitopic or monoepitopic specificity, polyclonal or monovalent antibodies, multivalent antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity) , formed from at least two intact antibodies, single chain antibodies, and fragments of antibodies, as described below. An antibody can be human, humanized, chimeric and / or affinity matured, as well as an antibody from other species, for example, mouse and rabbit, etc. The term “antibody” is intended to include a polypeptide product of B cells within the immunoglobulin class of polypeptides that is able to bind to a specific molecular antigen and is composed of two identical pairs of polypeptidic chains, wherein each pair has one heavy chain (about 50-70 kDa) and one light chain (about 25 kDa) , each amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to about 130 or more amino acids, and each carboxy-terminal portion of each chain includes a constant region. See, e.g., Antibody Engineering (Borrebaeck ed., 2d ed. 1995) ; and Kuby, Immunology (3d ed. 1997) . In specific embodiments, the specific molecular antigen can be bound by an antibody provided herein, such as a TNF-α polypeptide, a TNF-α fragment, or a TNF-α epitope. Antibodies also include, but are not limited to, synthetic antibodies, recombinantly produced antibodies, camelized antibodies, intrabodies, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, and functional fragments (e.g., antigen-binding fragments such as TNF-α -binding fragments) of any of the above, which refers to a portion of an antibody heavy or light chain polypeptide that retains some or all of the binding activity of the antibody from which the fragment was derived. Non-limiting examples of functional fragments (e.g., antigen-binding fragments such as TNF-α -binding fragments) include single-chain Fvs (scFv) (e.g., including monospecific, bispecific, etc. ) , Fab fragments (e.g., including monospecific, bispecific, etc. ) , F (ab’ ) fragments, F (ab) 2 fragments, F (ab’ ) 2 fragments, disulfide-linked Fvs (dsFv) , Fd fragments, Fv fragments, diabody, triabody, tetrabody, minibody, and single domain antibody (VHH or nanobody) . In particular, antibodies provided herein include immunoglobulin molecules and immunologically active portions of immunoglobulin molecules, for example, antigen-binding domains or molecules that contain an antigen-binding site that binds to an TNF-α antigen (e.g., one or more CDRs of an anti-TNF-α antibody) . Such antibody fragments can be found in, for example, Harlow and Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual (1989) ; Mol. Biology and Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Desk Reference (Myers ed., 1995) ; Huston et al., 1993, Cell Biophysics 22: 189-224; Plückthun and Skerra, 1989, Meth. Enzymol. 178: 497-515; and Day, Advanced Immunochemistry (2d ed. 1990) . The antibodies provided herein can be of any class (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, and IgA) or any subclass (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2) of immunoglobulin molecule.
[0199] The term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, e.g., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts, and each monoclonal antibody will typically recognize a single epitope on the antigen. In specific embodiments, a “monoclonal antibody, ” as used herein, is an antibody produced by a single hybridoma or other cell, wherein the antibody binds to only one epitope as determined, for example, by ELISA or other antigen-binding or competitive binding assay known in the art. The term “monoclonal” is not limited to any particular method for making the antibody. For example, the monoclonal antibodies useful in the present disclosure may be prepared by the hybridoma methodology first described by Kohler et al., 1975, Nature 256: 495, or may be made using recombinant DNA methods in bacterial or eukaryotic animal or plant cells (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567) . The “monoclonal antibodies” may also be isolated from phage antibody libraries using the techniques described in Clackson et al., 1991, Nature 352: 624-28 and Marks et al., 1991, J. Mol. Biol. 222: 581-97, for example. Other methods for the preparation of clonal cell lines and of monoclonal antibodies expressed thereby are well known in the art. See, e.g., Short Protocols in Molecular Biology (Ausubel et al. eds., 5th ed. 2002) . Exemplary methods of producing monoclonal antibodies are provided in the Examples herein.
[0200] “Polyclonal antibodies” as used herein refer to an antibody population generated in an immunogenic response to a protein having many epitopes and thus includes a variety of different antibodies directed to the same or different epitopes within the protein. Methods for producing polyclonal antibodies are known in the art (See, e.g., Short Protocols in Molecular Biology (Ausubel et al. eds., 5th ed. 2002) ) .
[0201] An “antigen” is a predetermined antigen to which an antibody can selectively bind. A target antigen may be a polypeptide, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, lipid, hapten, or other naturally occurring or synthetic compound. In some embodiments, the target antigen is a polypeptide.
[0202] The terms “antigen-binding fragment, ” “antigen-binding domain, ” “antigen-binding region, ” and similar terms refer to that portion of an antibody, which comprises the amino acid residues that interact with an antigen and confer on the binding agent its specificity and affinity for the antigen (e.g., the CDRs) .
[0203] A “bispecific antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is capable of binding with two different target antigens. A “two-in-one antibody” as used herein refers to a bispecific antibody that is capable of binding with two different target antigens via a single antigen binding domain. In some embodiments, the target antigens compete with one another for binding with the single antigen binding domain of the two-in-one antibody, such that the two-in-one antibody, upon binding with one target antigen, dissociates from the other target antigen.
[0204] An “epitope” is the site on the surface of an antigen molecule to which a single antibody molecule binds, such as a localized region on the surface of an antigen, such as a TNF-α polypeptide or a TNF-α polypeptide fragment, that is capable of being bound to one or more antigen binding regions of an antibody, and that has antigenic or immunogenic activity in an animal, such as a mammal (e.g., a human) , that is capable of eliciting an immune response. An epitope having immunogenic activity is a portion of a polypeptide that elicits an antibody response in an animal. An epitope having antigenic activity is a portion of a polypeptide to which an antibody binds as determined by any method well known in the art, including, for example, by an immunoassay. Antigenic epitopes need not necessarily be immunogenic. Epitopes often consist of chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and have specific three dimensional structural characteristics as well as specific charge characteristics. Antibody epitopes may be linear epitopes or conformational epitopes. Linear epitopes are formed by a continuous sequence of amino acids in a protein. Conformational epitopes are formed of amino acids that are discontinuous in the protein sequence, but which are brought together upon folding of the protein into its three-dimensional structure. Induced epitopes are formed when the three dimensional structure of the protein is in an altered conformation, such as following activation or binding of another protein or ligand. Generally, an antigen has several or many different epitopes and may react with many different antibodies. In certain embodiments, an antigen (e.g., FAP) can have more than one epitopes that are recognized and bound by different anti-FAP antibodies. In certain embodiments, different anti-FAP antibodies compete with one another for binding with the same epitope of FAP.
[0205] An antibody binds “an epitope, ” “essentially the same epitope, ” or “the same epitope” as a reference antibody, when the two antibodies recognize identical, overlapping, or adjacent epitopes in a three-dimensional space. The most widely used and rapid methods for determining whether two antibodies bind to identical, overlapping, or adjacent epitopes in a three-dimensional space are competition assays, which can be configured in a number of different formats, for example, using either labeled antigen or labeled antibody. In some assays, the antigen is immobilized on a 96-well plate, or expressed on a cell surface, and the ability of unlabeled antibodies to block the binding of labeled antibodies is measured using radioactive, fluorescent, or enzyme labels.
[0206] “Epitope mapping” is the process of identifying the binding sites, or epitopes, of antibodies on their target antigens. “Epitope binning” is the process of grouping antibodies based on the epitopes they recognize. More particularly, epitope binning comprises methods and systems for discriminating the epitope recognition properties of different antibodies, using competition assays combined with computational processes for clustering antibodies based on their epitope recognition properties and identifying antibodies having distinct binding specificities.
[0207] The terms “binds” or “binding” refer to an interaction between molecules including, for example, to form a complex. Interactions can be, for example, non-covalent interactions including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and / or van der Waals interactions. A complex can also include the binding of two or more molecules held together by covalent or non-covalent bonds, interactions, or forces. The strength of the total non-covalent interactions between a single antigen-binding site on an antibody and a single epitope of a target molecule, such as TNF-α, is the affinity of the antibody or functional fragment for that epitope. The ratio of dissociation rate (koff) to association rate (kon) of an antibody to a monovalent antigen (koff / kon) is the dissociation constant KD, which is inversely related to affinity. The lower the KD value, the higher the affinity of the antibody. The value of KD varies for different complexes of antibody and antigen and depends on both kon and koff. The dissociation constant KD for an antibody provided herein can be determined using any method provided herein or any other method well known to those skilled in the art. The affinity at one binding site does not always reflect the true strength of the interaction between an antibody and an antigen. When complex antigens containing multiple, repeating antigenic determinants, such as a polyvalent TNF-α, come in contact with antibodies containing multiple binding sites, the interaction of antibody with antigen at one site will increase the probability of a reaction at a second site. The strength of such multiple interactions between a multivalent antibody and antigen is called the avidity. The avidity of an antibody can be a better measure of its binding capacity than is the affinity of its individual binding sites. For example, high avidity can compensate for low affinity as is sometimes found for pentameric IgM antibodies, which can have a lower affinity than IgG, but the high avidity of IgM, resulting from its multivalence, enables it to bind antigen effectively.
[0208] The terms “antibodies that specifically bind to an antigen, ” “antibodies that specifically bind to an epitope” and analogous terms are also used interchangeably herein and refer to antibodies that specifically bind to the antigen, or fragment, or epitope of the antigen. An antibody that specifically binds to an antigen can be identified, for example, by immunoassays, or other techniques known to those of skill in the art. An antibody binds specifically to an antigen when it binds to the antigen with higher affinity than to any cross-reactive antigen as determined using experimental techniques, such as radioimmunoassays (RIA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) . Typically, a specific or selective reaction will be at least twice background signal or noise and may be more than 10 times background. See, e.g., Fundamental Immunology 332-36 (Paul ed., 2d ed. 1989) for a discussion regarding antibody specificity. An antibody which “binds an antigen of interest” (e.g., a target antigen such as TNF-α) is one that binds the antigen with sufficient affinity such that the antibody is useful as a therapeutic agent in targeting a cell or tissue expressing the antigen, and does not significantly cross-react with other proteins. In such embodiments, the extent of binding of the antibody to a “non-target” protein will be less than about 10%of the binding of the antibody to its particular target protein, for example, as determined by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis or RIA. With regard to the binding of an antibody to a target molecule, the term “specific binding, ” “specifically binds to, ” or “is specific for” a particular polypeptide or an epitope on a particular polypeptide target means binding that is measurably different from a non-specific interaction. Specific binding can be measured, for example, by determining binding of a molecule compared to binding of a control molecule, which generally is a molecule of similar structure that does not have binding activity. For example, specific binding can be determined by competition with a control molecule that is similar to the target, for example, an excess of non-labeled target. In this case, specific binding is indicated if the binding of the labeled target to a probe is competitively inhibited by excess unlabeled target. The term “specific binding, ” “specifically binds to, ” or “is specific for” a particular polypeptide or an epitope on a particular polypeptide target as used herein refers to binding where a molecule binds to a particular polypeptide or epitope on a particular polypeptide without substantially binding to any other polypeptide or polypeptide epitope. In certain embodiments, an antibody that binds to an antigen of the present disclosure has a dissociation constant (KD) of less than or equal to 10 nM, 5 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.9 nM, 0.8 nM, 0.7 nM, 0.6 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 0.3 nM, 0.2 nM, or 0.1 nM.
[0209] The term “compete” when used in the context of antibodies (e.g., antibodies and binding proteins that bind to a cell surface antigen and compete for the same epitope or binding site on a target) means competition as determined by an assay in which the antibody (or binding fragment) thereof under study prevents or inhibits the specific binding of a reference molecule (e.g., a reference ligand or reference antigen-binding protein, such as a reference antibody) to a common antigen (e.g., FAP or a fragment thereof) . Numerous types of competitive binding assays can be used to determine if a test antibody competes with a reference antibody for binding to an antigen (e.g., human FAP) . Examples of assays that can be employed include solid phase direct or indirect RIA, solid phase direct or indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA) , sandwich competition assay (see, e.g., Stahli et al., 1983, Methods in Enzymology 9: 242-53) , solid phase direct biotin-avidin EIA (see, e.g., Kirkland et al., 1986, J. Immunol. 137: 3614-19) , solid phase direct labeled assay, solid phase direct labeled sandwich assay (see, e.g., Harlow and Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual (1988) ) , solid phase direct label RIA using I-125 label (see, e.g., Morel et al., 1988, Mol. Immunol. 25: 7-15) , and direct labeled RIA (Moldenhauer et al., 1990, Scand. J. Immunol. 32: 77-82) . Typically, such an assay involves the use of a purified antigen (e.g., TNF-α) bound to a solid surface, or cells bearing either of an unlabelled test antigen-binding protein (e.g., test anti-TNF-α antibody) or a labeled reference antigen-binding protein (e.g., reference anti-TNF-α antibody) . Competitive inhibition may be measured by determining the amount of label bound to the solid surface or cells in the presence of the test antigen-binding protein. Usually the test antigen-binding protein is present in excess. Antibodies identified by competition assay (competing antibodies) include antibodies binding to the same epitope as the reference antibody and / or antibodies binding to an adjacent epitope sufficiently proximal to the epitope bound by the reference for antibodies steric hindrance to occur. Additional details regarding methods for determining competitive binding are described herein. Usually, when a competing antibody protein is present in excess, it will inhibit specific binding of a reference antibody to a common antigen by at least 30%, for example 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, or 75%. In some instance, binding is inhibited by at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more.
[0210] The term “heavy chain” when used in reference to an antibody refers to a polypeptidic chain of about 50-70 kDa, wherein the amino-terminal portion includes a variable region of about 120 to 130 or more amino acids, and a carboxy-terminal portion includes a constant region. The constant region can be one of five distinct types, (e.g., isotypes) referred to as alpha (α) , delta (δ) , epsilon (ε) , gamma (γ) , and mu (μ) , based on the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain constant region. The distinct heavy chains differ in size: α, δ, and γcontain approximately 450 amino acids, while μ and ε contain approximately 550 amino acids. When combined with a light chain, these distinct types of heavy chains give rise to five well known classes (e.g., isotypes) of antibodies, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, respectively, including four subclasses of IgG, namely IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. A heavy chain can be a human heavy chain.
[0211] The term “light chain” when used in reference to an antibody refers to a polypeptidic chain of about 25 kDa, wherein the amino-terminal portion includes a variable region of about 100 to about 110 or more amino acids, and a carboxy-terminal portion includes a constant region. The approximate length of a light chain is 211 to 217 amino acids. There are two distinct types, referred to as kappa (κ) or lambda (λ) based on the amino acid sequence of the constant domains. Light chain amino acid sequences are well known in the art. A light chain can be a human light chain.
[0212] The term “variable region, ” “variable domain, ” “V region, ” or “V domain” refers to a portion of the light or heavy chains of an antibody that is generally located at the amino-terminal of the light or heavy chain and has a length of about 120 to 130 amino acids in the heavy chain and about 100 to 110 amino acids in the light chain, and are used in the binding and specificity of each particular antibody for its particular antigen. The variable region of the heavy chain may be referred to as “VH. ” The variable region of the light chain may be referred to as “VL. ” The term “variable” refers to the fact that certain segments of the variable regions differ extensively in sequence among antibodies. The V region mediates antigen binding and defines specificity of a particular antibody for its particular antigen. However, the variability is not evenly distributed across the 110-amino acid span of the variable regions. Instead, the V regions consist of less variable (e.g., relatively invariant) stretches called framework regions (FRs) of about 15-30 amino acids separated by shorter regions of greater variability (e.g., extreme variability) called “hypervariable regions” that are each about 9-12 amino acids long. The variable regions of heavy and light chains each comprise four FRs, largely adopting a β sheet configuration, connected by three hypervariable regions, which form loops connecting, and in some cases form part of, the βsheet structure. The hypervariable regions in each chain are held together in close proximity by the FRs and, with the hypervariable regions from the other chain, contribute to the formation of the antigen-binding site of antibodies (see, e.g., Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest (5th ed. 1991) ) . The constant regions are not involved directly in binding an antibody to an antigen, but exhibit various effector functions, such as participation of the antibody in antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) . The variable regions differ extensively in sequence between different antibodies. In specific embodiments, the variable region is a human variable region.
[0213] The term “variable region residue numbering as in Kabat” or “amino acid position numbering as in Kabat” , and variations thereof, refer to the numbering system used for heavy chain variable regions or light chain variable regions of the compilation of antibodies in Kabat et al., supra. Using this numbering system, the actual linear amino acid sequence may contain fewer or additional amino acids corresponding to a shortening of, or insertion into, an FR or CDR of the variable domain. For example, a heavy chain variable domain may include a single amino acid insert (residue 52a according to Kabat) after residue 52 and three inserted residues (e.g., residues 82a, 82b, and 82c, etc. according to Kabat) after residue 82. The Kabat numbering of residues may be determined for a given antibody by alignment at regions of homology of the sequence of the antibody with a “standard” Kabat numbered sequence. The Kabat numbering system is generally used when referring to a residue in the variable domain (approximately residues 1-107 of the light chain and residues 1-113 of the heavy chain) (e.g., Kabat et al., supra) . The “EU numbering system” or “EU index” is generally used when referring to a residue in an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (e.g., the EU index reported in Kabat et al., supra) . The “EU index as in Kabat” refers to the residue numbering of the human IgG 1 EU antibody. Other numbering systems have been described, for example, by AbM, Chothia, Contact, IMGT, and AHon.
[0214] A “CDR” refers to one of three hypervariable regions (H1, H2 or H3) within the non-framework region of the immunoglobulin (Ig or antibody) VH β-sheet framework, or one of three hypervariable regions (L1, L2 or L3) within the non-framework region of the antibody VL β-sheet framework. Accordingly, CDRs are variable region sequences interspersed within the framework region sequences. CDR regions are well known to those skilled in the art and have been defined by, for example, Kabat as the regions of most hypervariability within the antibody variable (V) domains (Kabat et al., 1997, J. Biol. Chem. 252: 6609-16; Kabat, 1978, Adv. Prot. Chem. 32: 1-75) . CDR region sequences also have been defined structurally by Chothia as those residues that are not part of the conserved β-sheet framework, and thus are able to adapt different conformations (Chothia and Lesk, 1987, J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-17) . Both terminologies are well recognized in the art. CDR region sequences have also been defined by AbM, Contact, and IMGT. The positions of CDRs within a canonical antibody variable region have been determined by comparison of numerous structures (Al-Lazikani et al., 1997, J. Mol. Biol. 273: 927-48; Morea et al., 2000, Methods 20: 267-79) . Because the number of residues within a hypervariable region varies in different antibodies, additional residues relative to the canonical positions are conventionally numbered with a, b, c and so forth next to the residue number in the canonical variable region numbering scheme (Al-Lazikani et al., supra) . Such nomenclature is similarly well known to those skilled in the art.
[0215] The term “hypervariable region, ” “HVR, ” or “HV, ” when used herein refers to the regions of an antibody variable region that are hypervariable in sequence and / or form structurally defined loops. Generally, antibodies comprise six hypervariable regions, three in the VH (H1, H2, H3) and three in the VL (L1, L2, L3) . A number of hypervariable region delineations are in use and are encompassed herein. The Kabat Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) are based on sequence variability and are the most commonly used (see, e.g., Kabat et al., supra) . Chothia refers instead to the location of the structural loops (see, e.g., Chothia and Lesk, 1987, J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-17) . The end of the Chothia CDR-H1 loop when numbered using the Kabat numbering convention varies between H32 and H34 depending on the length of the loop (this is because the Kabat numbering scheme places the insertions at H35A and H35B; if neither 35A nor 35B is present, the loop ends at 32; if only 35A is present, the loop ends at 33; if both 35A and 35B are present, the loop ends at 34) . The AbM hypervariable regions represent a compromise between the Kabat CDRs and Chothia structural loops, and are used by Oxford Molecular’s AbM antibody modeling software (see, e.g., Antibody Engineering Vol. 2 (Kontermann and Dübel eds., 2d ed. 2010) ) . The “contact” hypervariable regions are based on an analysis of the available complex crystal structures. The residues from each of these hypervariable regions or CDRs are noted below.
[0216] Recently, a universal numbering system has been developed and widely adopted, ImMunoGeneTics (IMGT) Information (Lafranc et al., 2003, Dev. Comp. Immunol. 27 (1) : 55-77) . IMGT is an integrated information system specializing in immunoglobulins (IG) , T cell receptors (TCR) , and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of human and other vertebrates. Herein, the CDRs are referred to in terms of both the amino acid sequence and the location within the light or heavy chain. As the “location” of the CDRs within the structure of the immunoglobulin variable domain is conserved between species and present in structures called loops, by using numbering systems that align variable domain sequences according to structural features, CDR and framework residues are readily identified. This information can be used in grafting and replacement of CDR residues from immunoglobulins of one species into an acceptor framework from, typically, a human antibody. An additional numbering system (AHon) has been developed by Honegger and Plückthun, 2001, J. Mol. Biol. 309: 657-70. Correspondence between the numbering system, including, for example, the Kabat numbering and the IMGT unique numbering system, is well known to one skilled in the art (see, e.g., Kabat, supra; Chothia and Lesk, supra; Martin, supra; Lefranc et al., supra) . In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the IMGT numbering system. In other embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the Kabat numbering system. In certain embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the AbM numbering system. In other embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the Chothia system. In yet other embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the Contact numbering system.
[0217] Hypervariable regions may comprise “extended hypervariable regions” as follows: 24-36 or 24-34 (L1) , 46-56 or 50-56 (L2) , and 89-97 or 89-96 (L3) in the VL, and 26-35 or 26-35A (H1) , 50-65 or 49-65 (H2) , and 93-102, 94-102, or 95-102 (H3) in the VH. As used herein, the terms “HVR” and “CDR” are used interchangeably.
[0218] The term “constant region” or “constant domain” refers to a carboxyl terminal portion of the light and heavy chain which is not directly involved in binding of the antibody to antigen but exhibits various effector function, such as interaction with the Fc receptor. The term refers to the portion of an immunoglobulin molecule having a more conserved amino acid sequence relative to the other portion of the immunoglobulin, the variable region, which contains the antigen binding site. The constant region may contain the CH1, CH2, and CH3 regions of the heavy chain and the CL region of the light chain.
[0219] The term “framework” or “FR” refers to those variable region residues flanking the CDRs. FR residues are present, for example, in chimeric, humanized, human, domain antibodies, diabodies, linear antibodies, and bispecific antibodies. FR residues are those variable domain residues other than the hypervariable region residues or CDR residues.
[0220] The term “Fc region” herein is used to define a C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain, including, for example, native sequence Fc regions, recombinant Fc regions, and variant Fc regions. Although the boundaries of the Fc region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain might vary, the human IgG heavy chain Fc region is often defined to stretch from an amino acid residue at position Cys226, or from Pro230, to the carboxyl-terminus thereof. The C-terminal lysine (residue 447 according to the EU numbering system) of the Fc region may be removed, for example, during production or purification of the antibody, or by recombinantly engineering the nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain of the antibody. Accordingly, a composition of intact antibodies may comprise antibody populations with all K447 residues removed, antibody populations with no K447 residues removed, and antibody populations having a mixture of antibodies with and without the K447 residue.
[0221] A “functional Fc region” possesses an “effector function” of a native sequence Fc region. Exemplary “effector functions” include C1q binding; complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) ; Fc receptor binding; antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) ; antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) ; cytokine secretion, downregulation of cell surface receptors (e.g., B cell receptor) , and B cell activation, etc. Such effector functions generally require the Fc region to be combined with a binding region or binding domain (e.g., an antibody variable region or domain) and can be assessed using various assays as disclosed.
[0222] An “activating Fc receptor” is an Fc receptor that following engagement by an Fc region of an antibody elicits signaling events that stimulate the receptor-bearing cell to perform effector functions. Exemplary activating Fc receptors include FcγRIIIα (CD16α) , FcγRI (CD64) , FcγRIIα (CD32) , and FcαRI (CD89) .
[0223] A “native sequence Fc region” comprises an amino acid sequence identical to the amino acid sequence of an Fc region found in nature, and not manipulated, modified, and / or changed (e.g., isolated, purified, selected, including or combining with other sequences such as variable region sequences) by a human. Native sequence human IgG1 Fc regions include a native sequence human IgG1 Fc region (non-Aand A allotypes) ; native sequence human IgG2 Fc region; native sequence human IgG3 Fc region; and native sequence human IgG4 Fc region as well as naturally occurring variants thereof. For example, a native human IgG1 Fc region amino acid sequence is provided below:
[0224] A “variant Fc region” comprises an amino acid sequence which differs from that of a native sequence Fc region by virtue of at least one amino acid modification (e.g., substituting, addition, or deletion) . In certain embodiments, the variant Fc region has at least one amino acid substitution compared to a native sequence Fc region or to the Fc region of a parent polypeptide, for example, from about one to about ten amino acid substitutions, or from about one to about five amino acid substitutions in a native sequence Fc region or in the Fc region of a parent polypeptide. The variant Fc region herein can possess at least about 80%homology with a native sequence Fc region and / or with an Fc region of a parent polypeptide, or at least about 90%homology therewith, for example, at least about 95%homology therewith. For example, a variant.
[0225] A “modification” of an amino acid residue / position refers to a change of a primary amino acid sequence as compared to a starting amino acid sequence, wherein the change results from a sequence alteration involving said amino acid residue / position. For example, typical modifications include substitution of the residue with another amino acid (e.g., a conservative or non-conservative substitution) , insertion of one or more (e.g., generally fewer than 5, 4, or 3) amino acids adjacent to said residue / position, and / or deletion of said residue / position.
[0226] A “modification promoting heterodimerization” is a manipulation of the peptide backbone or the post-translational modifications of a polypeptide, e.g., an immunoglobulin heavy chain, that reduces or prevents the association of the polypeptide with an identical polypeptide to form a homodimer. A modification promoting heterodimerization as used herein particularly includes separate modifications made to each of two polypeptides desired to form a dimer, wherein the modifications are complementary to each other so as to promote association of the two polypeptides. For example, a modification promoting heterodimerization may alter the structure or charge of one or both of the polypeptides desired to form a dimer so as to make their association sterically or electrostatically favorable, respectively. Heterodimerization occurs between two non-identical polypeptides, such as two immunoglobulin heavy chains wherein further immunoconjugate components fused to each of the heavy chains (e.g., TNF-α polypeptide) are not the same. In the immunoconjugates of the present disclosure, the modification promoting heterodimerization is in the heavy chain (s) , specifically in the Fc domain, of an immunoglobulin molecule. In some embodiments the modification promoting heterodimerization comprises an amino acid mutation, specifically an amino acid substitution. In a particular embodiment, the modification promoting heterodimerization comprises a separate amino acid mutation, specifically an amino acid substitution, in each of the two immunoglobulin heavy chains.
[0227] The term “Fc domain” herein is used to define the C-terminal portion of an immunoglobulin composed of the Fc regions of both heavy chains of the immunoglobulin. Each heavy chain Fc region in an Fc domain is herein referred to as a subunit of the Fc domain. The two subunits of a Fc domain can be both native sequence Fc regions, or both variant Fc regions, or one native sequence Fc region and one variant Fc region. In certain embodiments, the Fc domain comprises a modification promoting hetero-dimerization of two non-identical immunoglobulin heavy chains. The site of most extensive protein-protein interaction between the two polypeptidic chains of a human IgG Fc domain is in the CH3 domain of the Fc regions. Thus, in one embodiment, said modification is in the CH3 domain of the Fc regions. In a specific embodiment said modification is a knob-into-hole modification, comprising a knob modification in one of the Fc subunits, referred to as “Fc-Knob, ” and a hole modification in the other one of the Fc subunits, referred to as “Fc-hole. ” The knob-into-hole technology is described e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,168; U.S. Pat. No. 7,695,936; Ridgway et al., Prat Eng 9, 617-621 (1996) and Carter, J Immunol Meth 248, 7-15 (2001) . Generally, the method involves introducing a protuberance ( “knob” ) at the interface of a first polypeptide and a corresponding cavity ( “hole” ) in the interface of a second polypeptide, such that the protuberance can be positioned in the cavity so as to promote heterodimer formation and hinder homodimer formation. Protuberances are constructed by replacing small amino acid side chains from the interface of the first polypeptide with larger side chains (e.g., tyrosine or tryptophan) . Compensatory cavities of identical or similar size to the protuberances are created in the interface of the second polypeptide by replacing large amino acid side chains with smaller ones (e.g., alanine or threonine) . The protuberance and cavity can be made by altering the nucleic acid encoding the polypeptides, e.g., by site- specific mutagenesis, or by peptide synthesis. In a specific embodiment a knob modification comprises the amino acid substitution T366W in one of the two Fc subunits, and the hole modification comprises the amino acid substitutions T366S, L368A and Y407V in the other one of the two Fc subunits. In a further specific embodiment, the Fc subunit comprising the knob modification additionally comprises the amino acid substitution S354C, and the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprising the hole modification additionally comprises the amino acid substitution Y349C. Introduction of these two cysteine residues results in formation of a disulfide bridge between the two heavy chains, further stabilizing the dimer (Carter, J. Immunol Methods 248, 7-15 (2001) ) .
[0228] The term “variant” when used in relation to a peptide or polypeptide, to an antibody may refer to a peptide or polypeptide comprising one or more (such as, for example, about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) amino acid sequence substitutions, deletions, and / or additions as compared to a native or unmodified sequence. For example, a TNF-α variant may result from one or more (such as, for example, about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) changes to an amino acid sequence of a native TNF-α. Also by way of example, a variant of an anti-TNF-α antibody may result from one or more (such as, for example, about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) changes to an amino acid sequence of a native or previously unmodified anti-TNF-α antibody. Variants may be naturally occurring, such as allelic or splice variants, or may be artificially constructed. Polypeptide variants may be prepared from the corresponding nucleic acid molecules encoding the variants. In specific embodiments, the TNF-α variant or anti-TNF-αantibody variant at least retains TNF-α or anti-TNF-α antibody functional activity, respectively. In specific embodiments, an anti-TNF-α antibody variant is a bispecific antibody that binds to both FAP and TNF-α. In specific embodiments, an anti-TNF-α antibody variant is a bispecific antibody that binds to both Trop-2 and TNF-α. In certain embodiments, the variant is encoded by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant of a nucleic acid molecule that encodes TNF-α or anti-TNF-α antibody VH or VL regions or subregions, such as one or more CDRs.
[0229] An “intact” antibody is one comprising an antigen-binding site as well as a CL and at least heavy chain constant regions, CH1, CH2 and CH3. The constant regions may include human constant regions or amino acid sequence variants thereof. In certain embodiments, an intact antibody has one or more effector functions.
[0230] “Antibody fragments” comprise a portion of an intact antibody, such as the antigen-binding or variable region of the intact antibody. Examples of antibody fragments include, without limitation, Fab, Fab’ , F (ab’ ) 2, and Fv fragments; diabodies and di-diabodies (see, e.g., Holliger et al., 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90: 6444-48; Lu et al., 2005, J. Biol. Chem. 280: 19665-72; Hudson et al., 2003, Nat. Med. 9: 129-34; WO 93 / 11161; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,837,242 and 6,492,123) ; single-chain antibody molecules (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,946,778; 5,260,203; 5,482,858; and 5,476,786) ; dual variable domain antibodies (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,612,181) ; single domain antibodies (sdAbs) (see, e.g., Woolven et al., 1999, Immunogenetics 50: 98-101; and Streltsov et al., 2004, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101: 12444-49) ; and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.
[0231] A “functional fragment, ” “binding fragment, ” or “antigen-binding fragment” of a therapeutic antibody will exhibit at least one if not some or all of the biological functions attributed to the intact antibody, the function comprising at least binding to the target antigen (e.g., an TNF-α binding fragment or fragment that binds to TNF-α) .
[0232] As used herein, the term “immunoconjugate” refers to a polypeptide molecule that includes at least one cytokine moiety and at least one antigen binding moiety. In certain embodiments, the immunoconjugate comprises at least one cytokine moiety (e.g., TNF-α) , and at least two antigen binding moieties (e.g., a masking moiety and an anchoring moiety as described herein) . Particularly, in certain embodiments, immunoconjugates according to the present disclosure comprise one cytokine moiety and two antigen binding moieties joined by one or more linker sequences. In certain embodiments, immunoconjugates according to the present disclosure comprises one cytokine moiety and two antigen binding moieties joined by an Fc domain of immunoglobulin. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the antigen binding moiety can be joined to the cytokine moiety by a variety of interactions and in a variety of configurations as described herein.
[0233] The term “fusion, ” “fuse” or other grammatical variants thereof when used in relation to a peptide or polypeptide, or to an antibody refers to the joining of a peptide or polypeptide, or fragment, variant, and / or derivative thereof, with a heterologous peptide or polypeptide.
[0234] An “affinity matured” antibody is one with one or more alterations (e.g., amino acid sequence variations, including changes, additions, and / or deletions) in one or more HVRs thereof which result in an improvement in the affinity of the antibody for antigen, compared to a parent antibody which does not possess those alteration (s) . Affinity matured antibodies can have nanomolar or even picomolar affinities for the target antigen. Affinity matured antibodies are produced by procedures known in the art. For review, see Hudson and Souriau, 2003, Nature Medicine 9: 129-34; Hoogenboom, 2005, Nature Biotechnol. 23: 1105-16; Quiroz and Sinclair, 2010, Revista Ingeneria Biomedia 4: 39-51.
[0235] “Binding affinity” generally refers to the strength of the sum total of noncovalent interactions between a single binding site of a molecule (e.g., a binding protein such as an antibody) and its binding partner (e.g., an antigen) . Unless indicated otherwise, as used herein, “binding affinity” refers to intrinsic binding affinity which reflects a 1: 1 interaction between members of a binding pair (e.g., antibody and antigen) . The affinity of a binding molecule X for its binding partner Y can generally be represented by the dissociation constant (KD) . Affinity can be measured by common methods known in the art, including those described herein. Low-affinity antibodies generally bind antigen slowly and tend to dissociate readily, whereas high-affinity antibodies generally bind antigen faster and tend to remain bound longer. A variety of methods of measuring binding affinity are known in the art, any of which can be used for purposes of the present disclosure. Specific illustrative embodiments include the following. In one embodiment, the “KD” or “KD value” may be measured by assays known in the art, for example by a binding assay. The KD may be measured in a RIA, for example, performed with the Fab version of an antibody of interest and its antigen (Chen et al., 1999, J. Mol Biol 293: 865-81) . The KD or KD value may also be measured by using surface plasmon resonance assays by using, for example, a or a or by biolayer interferometry using, for example, a or GatorTM system. An “on-rate” or “rate of association” or “association rate” or “kon” may also be determined with the same surface plasmon resonance or biolayer interferometry techniques described above using, for example, a or a or a or GatorTM system.
[0236] The term “inhibition” or “inhibit, ” when used herein, refers to partial (such as, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, 95%, 99%) or complete (i.e., 100%) inhibition.
[0237] “Fc receptor” or “FcR” describes a receptor that binds to the Fc region of an antibody. An exemplary FcR is a native sequence human FcR. Moreover, an exemplary FcR is one that binds an IgG antibody (e.g., a gamma receptor) and includes receptors of the FcγRI, FcγRII, and FcγRIII subclasses, including allelic variants and alternatively spliced forms of these receptors. FcγRII receptors include FcγRIIA (an “activating receptor” ) and FcγRIIB (an “inhibiting receptor” ) , which have similar amino acid sequences that differ primarily in the cytoplasmic domains thereof (see, e.g., 1997, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15: 203-34) . Various FcRs are known (see, e.g., Ravetch and Kinet, 1991, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9: 457-92; Capel et al., 1994, Immunomethods 4: 25-34; and de Haas et al., 1995, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 126: 330-41) . Other FcRs, including those to be identified in the future, are encompassed by the term “FcR” herein. The term also includes the neonatal receptor, FcRn, which is responsible for the transfer of maternal IgGs to the fetus (see, e.g., Guyer et al., 1976, J. Immunol. 117: 587-93; and Kim et al., 1994, Eu. J. Immunol. 24: 2429-34) . Antibody variants with improved or diminished binding to FcRs have been described (see, e.g., WO 2000 / 42072; U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,183,387; 7,332,581; and 7.335,742; Shields et al. 2001, J. Biol. Chem. 9 (2) : 6591-604) .
[0238] The term “vector” refers to a substance that is used to carry or include a nucleic acid sequence, including for example, a nucleic acid sequence encoding an antibody or a cytokine polypeptide as described herein, in order to introduce a nucleic acid sequence into a host cell. Vectors applicable for use include, for example, expression vectors, plasmids, phage vectors, viral vectors, episomes, and artificial chromosomes, which can include selection sequences or markers operable for stable integration into a host cell’s chromosome. Additionally, the vectors can include one or more selectable marker genes and appropriate expression control sequences. Selectable marker genes that can be included, for example, provide resistance to antibiotics or toxins, complement auxotrophic deficiencies, or supply critical nutrients not in the culture media. Expression control sequences can include constitutive and inducible promoters, transcription enhancers, transcription terminators, and the like, which are well known in the art. When two or more nucleic acid molecules are to be co-expressed (e.g., both an antibody heavy and light chain or an antibody VH and VL) , both nucleic acid molecules can be inserted, for example, into a single expression vector or in separate expression vectors. For single vector expression, the encoding nucleic acids can be operationally linked to one common expression control sequence or linked to different expression control sequences, such as one inducible promoter and one constitutive promoter. The introduction of nucleic acid molecules into a host cell can be confirmed using methods well known in the art. Such methods include, for example, nucleic acid analysis such as Northern blots or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of mRNA, immunoblotting for expression of gene products, or other suitable analytical methods to test the expression of an introduced nucleic acid sequence or its corresponding gene product. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the nucleic acid molecules are expressed in a sufficient amount to produce a desired product (e.g., an anti-FAP antibody as described herein) , and it is further understood that expression levels can be optimized to obtain sufficient expression using methods well known in the art.
[0239] An “isolated nucleic acid” is a nucleic acid, for example, an RNA, DNA, or a mixed nucleic acids, which is substantially separated from other genome DNA sequences as well as proteins or complexes such as ribosomes and polymerases, which naturally accompany a native sequence. An “isolated” nucleic acid molecule is one which is separated from other nucleic acid molecules which are present in the natural source of the nucleic acid molecule. Moreover, an “isolated” nucleic acid molecule, such as a cDNA molecule, can be substantially free of other cellular material, or culture medium when produced by recombinant techniques, or substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized. In a specific embodiment, one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding an antibody as described herein are isolated or purified. The term embraces nucleic acid sequences that have been removed from their naturally occurring environment, and includes recombinant or cloned DNA isolates and chemically synthesized analogues or analogues biologically synthesized by heterologous systems. A substantially pure molecule may include isolated forms of the molecule.
[0240] “Polynucleotide” or “nucleic acid, ” as used interchangeably herein, refers to polymers of nucleotides of any length and includes DNA and RNA. The nucleotides can be deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, modified nucleotides or bases, and / or their analogs, or any substrate that can be incorporated into a polymer by DNA or RNA polymerase or by a synthetic reaction. A polynucleotide may comprise modified nucleotides, such as methylated nucleotides and their analogs. “Oligonucleotide, ” as used herein, refers to short, generally single-stranded, synthetic polynucleotides that are generally, but not necessarily, fewer than about 200 nucleotides in length. The terms “oligonucleotide” and “polynucleotide” are not mutually exclusive. The description above for polynucleotides is equally and fully applicable to oligonucleotides. A cell that produces an antibody of the present disclosure may include a parent hybridoma cell, as well as bacterial and eukaryotic host cells into which nucleic acids encoding the antibodies have been introduced. Suitable host cells are disclosed below.
[0241] Unless specified otherwise, the left-hand end of any single-stranded polynucleotide sequence disclosed herein is the 5’ end; the left-hand direction of double-stranded polynucleotide sequences is referred to as the 5’ direction. The direction of 5’ to 3’ addition of nascent RNA transcripts is referred to as the transcription direction; sequence regions on the DNA strand having the same sequence as the RNA transcript that are 5’ to the 5’ end of the RNA transcript are referred to as “upstream sequences” ; sequence regions on the DNA strand having the same sequence as the RNA transcript that are 3’ to the 3’ end of the RNA transcript are referred to as “downstream sequences. ”
[0242] The term “encoding nucleic acid” or grammatical equivalents thereof as it is used in reference to nucleic acid molecule refers to a nucleic acid molecule in its native state or when manipulated by methods well known to those skilled in the art that can be transcribed to produce mRNA, which is then translated into a polypeptide and / or a fragment thereof. The antisense strand is the complement of such a nucleic acid molecule, and the encoding sequence can be deduced therefrom.
[0243] The term “recombinant antibody” refers to an antibody that is prepared, expressed, created, or isolated by recombinant means. Recombinant antibodies can be antibodies expressed using a recombinant expression vector transfected into a host cell, antibodies isolated from a recombinant, combinatorial antibody library, antibodies isolated from an animal (e.g., a mouse or cow) that is transgenic and / or transchromosomal for human immunoglobulin genes (see, e.g., Taylor et al., 1992, Nucl. Acids Res. 20: 6287-95) , or antibodies prepared, expressed, created, or isolated by any other means that involves splicing of immunoglobulin gene sequences to other DNA sequences. Such recombinant antibodies can have variable and constant regions, including those derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences (See Kabat et al., supra) . In certain embodiments, however, such recombinant antibodies may be subjected to in vitro mutagenesis (or, when an animal transgenic for human Ig sequences is used, in vivo somatic mutagenesis) , thus the amino acid sequences of the VH and VL regions of the recombinant antibodies are sequences that, while derived from and related to human germline VH and VL sequences, may not naturally exist within the human antibody germline repertoire in vivo.
[0244] The term “composition” is intended to encompass a product containing the specified ingredients (e.g., an immunoconjugate molecule provided herein) in, optionally, the specified amounts.
[0245] “Carriers” as used herein include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers that are nontoxic to the cell or mammal being exposed thereto at the dosages and concentrations employed. Often the physiologically acceptable carrier is an aqueous pH buffered solution. Examples of physiologically acceptable carriers include buffers, such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants, including ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (e.g., fewer than about 10 amino acid residues) polypeptide; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids, such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates, including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents, such as EDTA; sugar alcohols, such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions, such as sodium; and / or nonionic surfactants, such as TWEENTM, polyethylene glycol (PEG) , and PLURONICSTM. The term “carrier” can also refer to a diluent, adjuvant (e.g., Freund’s adjuvant (complete or incomplete) ) , excipient, or vehicle. Such carriers, including pharmaceutical carriers, can be sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, and the like. Water is an exemplary carrier when a composition (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition) is administered intravenously. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also be employed as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions. Suitable excipients (e.g., pharmaceutical excipients) include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol, and the like. The composition, if desired, can also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents. Compositions can take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsion, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained-release formulations, and the like. Oral compositions, including formulations, can include standard carriers such as pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, cellulose, magnesium carbonate, etc. Examples of suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington and Gennaro, Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences (18th ed. 1990) . Compositions, including pharmaceutical compounds, may contain an antibody, for example, in isolated or purified form, together with a suitable amount of carriers.
[0246] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” as used herein means being approved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government, or listed in United States Pharmacopeia, European Pharmacopeia, or other generally recognized Pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans.
[0247] The term “excipient” refers to an inert substance which is commonly used as a diluent, vehicle, preservative, binder, or stabilizing agent, and includes, but is not limited to, proteins (e.g., serum albumin, etc. ) , amino acids (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, glycine, histidine, etc. ) , fatty acids and phospholipids (e.g., alkyl sulfonates, caprylate, etc. ) , surfactants (e.g., SDS, polysorbate, nonionic surfactant, etc. ) , saccharides (e.g., sucrose, maltose, trehalose, etc. ) , and polyols (e.g., mannitol, sorbitol, etc. ) . See, also, Remington and Gennaro, Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences (18th ed. 1990) , which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0248] The terms “subject” and “patient” may be used interchangeably. As used herein, in certain embodiments, a subject is a mammal, such as a non-primate (e.g., cow, pig, horse, cat, dog, rat, etc. ) or a primate (e.g., monkey and human) . In specific embodiments, the subject is a human.
[0249] “Administer” or “administration” refers to the act of injecting or otherwise physically delivering a substance as it exists outside the body (e.g., an immunoconjugate molecule as described herein) into a patient, such as by mucosal, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular delivery, and / or any other method of physical delivery described herein or known in the art.
[0250] The term “effective amount” as used herein refers to the amount of an antibody or pharmaceutical composition provided herein which is sufficient to result in the desired outcome.
[0251] The terms “about” and “approximately” mean within 20%, within 15%, within 10%, within 9%, within 8%, within 7%, within 6%, within 5%, within 4%, within 3%, within 2%, within 1%, or less of a given value or range.
[0252] “Substantially all” refers to at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or about 100%.
[0253] The phrase “substantially similar” or “substantially the same” denotes a sufficiently high degree of similarity between two numeric values (e.g., one associated with an antibody of the present disclosure and the other associated with a reference antibody) such that one of skill in the art would consider the difference between the two values to be of little or no biological and / or statistical significance within the context of the biological characteristic measured by the values (e.g., KD values) . For example, the difference between the two values may be less than about 50%, less than about 40%, less than about 30%, less than about 20%, less than about 10%, or less than about 5%, as a function of the value for the reference antibody.
[0254] The phrase “substantially increased, ” “substantially reduced, ” or “substantially different, ” as used herein, denotes a sufficiently high degree of difference between two numeric values (e.g., one associated with an antibody of the present disclosure and the other associated with a reference antibody) such that one of skill in the art would consider the difference between the two values to be of statistical significance within the context of the biological characteristic measured by the values. For example, the difference between said two values can be greater than about 10%, greater than about 20%, greater than about 30%, greater than about 40%, or greater than about 50%, as a function of the value for the reference antibody.
[0255] 5.3 Compositions and Methods of Making the Same
[0256] In one aspect of the present disclosure, provided herein are cytokine-containing immunoconjugate molecules. In some embodiments, the immunoconjugate molecules are fusion proteins comprising a cytokine moiety and a non-cytokine portion operably linked to one another. According to the present disclosure, the cytokine-containing immunoconjugate molecules are capable of delivery and activation of cellular activities of the cytokine at particular tissue or cellular location in a subject. For example, in some embodiments, the cytokine activity is reduced or blocked when the immunoconjugate molecules are present in an environment lacking an activation signal for the cytokine. In some embodiments, the cytokine activity is activated or enhanced when the immunoconjugate molecule are present in an environment containing or enriched of the activation signal for the cytokine. For example, in some embodiments, the immunoconjugate molecules are configured for tissue-specific distribution upon administration to a subject. In particular embodiments, the immunoconjugate molecules are capable of being enriched in certain tissue or cellular environment providing the activation signal for the cytokine, thereby activating the cytokine activity specifically in such tissue or cellular environment.
[0257] In specific embodiments, the activation signal for the cytokine is the presence of a signal molecule in the target tissue or cellular environment where the cytokine activity is activated. In some embodiments, the signal molecule is enriched in the target tissue or cellular environment, while present at other non-target tissue or cellular environment at a lower amount or concentration. In some embodiments, the activation signal for the cytokine is the presence of a signal molecule in the target tissue or cellular environment at a concentration above a threshold. In some embodiments, the signal molecule is capable of interacting with the immunoconjugate molecule, thereby activates the cytokine activity. In some embodiments, the signal molecule is a peptide molecule.
[0258] In specific embodiments, the immunoconjugate molecules are configured for the targeted delivery and activation of the cytokine activity in cancerous tissues, such as a tumor. In those embodiments, the signal molecule for activating the cytokine can be an antigen that is expressed or enriched in the cancerous tissue, such as in the tumor microenvironment. In specific embodiments, the activation signal for the cytokine is an antigen expressed on the tumor cells. In other embodiments, the activation signal for the cytokine is an antigen expressed on the cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor stromal cells. In specific embodiments, the activation signal for the cytokine is a tumor associated antigen.
[0259] In some embodiments, the non-cytokine portion of the immunoconjugate molecule comprises a masking moiety capable of binding with the cytokine moiety, and upon the binding, the masking moiety reduces or blocks the cytokine activity. In some embodiments, the immunoconjugate molecule comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to a cytokine polypeptide, and the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is capable of binding with the cytokine polypeptide and reduces or blocks the cytokine activity.
[0260] In some embodiments, the intramolecular binding between the cytokine moiety and the masking moiety of an immunoconjugate molecule is reversible. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the immunoconjugate molecules can switch between cytokine active and inactive states, through the reversible binding and disassociation between the cytokine moiety and the masking moiety.
[0261] In some embodiments, the masking moiety is a bispecific two-in-one antibody or a binding fragment thereof, which is capable of binding to the cytokine moiety and a second target antigen that is different from the cytokine. In specific embodiments, when the immunoconjugate molecule is in an environment where the second target antigen is absent, the masking moiety comprising the two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof binds with the cytokine moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule, thereby inhibiting the cytokine activity. In specific embodiments, when the immunoconjugate molecule is in an environment where the second target antigen is present at an amount or concentration below a certain threshold, the masking moiety comprising the two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof binds with the cytokine moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule, thereby inhibiting the cytokine activity. In various embodiments, the environment is a cellular environment or a tissue-specific environment. In particular embodiments, the environment is a cancerous tissue or a tumor microenvironment. In particular embodiments, the second target antigen is an antigen expressed by the cancer cells. In other embodiments, the second target antigen is an antigen expressed by the cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor stromal cells. In some embodiments, the second target antigen is a tumor associated antigen.
[0262] In some embodiments, the masking moiety is a bispecific two-in-one antibody or a binding fragment thereof, which is capable of binding to the cytokine moiety and a second target antigen that is different from the cytokine. In specific embodiments, when the immunoconjugate molecule is in an environment where the second target antigen is present, the masking moiety comprising the two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof binds with the second antigen and disassociates from the cytokine moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule, thereby activating the cytokine activity. In specific embodiments, when the immunoconjugate molecule is in an environment where the second target antigen is present at an amount or concentration above a certain threshold, the masking moiety comprising the two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof binds with the second antigen and disassociates from the cytokine moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule, thereby activating the cytokine activity. In various embodiments, the environment is a cellular environment or a tissue-specific environment. In particular embodiments, the environment is a cancerous tissue or a tumor microenvironment. In particular embodiments, the second target antigen is an antigen expressed by the tumor cells. In other embodiments, the second target antigen is an antigen expressed by the cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor stromal cells. In some embodiments, the second target antigen is a tumor associated antigen.
[0263] In some embodiments, the masking moiety is a bispecific two-in-one antibody or a binding fragment thereof, which is capable of binding to the cytokine moiety and a second target antigen that is different from the cytokine. In specific embodiments, when the immunoconjugate molecule is in an environment where the second target antigen is present, the masking moiety comprising the two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof binds with the second antigen and disassociates from the cytokine moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule, thereby activating the cytokine activity. In specific embodiments, when the immunoconjugate molecule is in an environment where the second target antigen is present at an amount or concentration above a certain threshold, the masking moiety comprising the two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof binds with the second antigen and disassociates from the cytokine moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule, thereby activating the cytokine activity. In some embodiments, the second target antigen is expressed by a cell that also expresses a receptor for the cytokine forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule. In alternative embodiments, the second target antigen is expressed by a cell that does not itself express a receptor for the cytokine forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule and is nearby another cell expressing a receptor for the cytokine.
[0264] In specific embodiments, the immunoconjugate molecules of the present disclosure comprises a cytokine moiety and a non-cytokine portion, where the cytokine moiety comprises an TNF-α polypeptide, and the non-cytokine portion comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody capable of binding to both the TNF-αpolypeptide in the immunoconjugate molecule and a second target antigen that is not TNF-α. In particular embodiments, the second target antigen is an antigen expressed by the tumor cells. In other embodiments, the second target antigen is an antigen expressed by the cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor stromal cells. In some embodiments, the second target antigen is a tumor associated antigen. In specific embodiments, the second target antigen is fibroblast activation protein (FAP) . In specific embodiments, the second target antigen is Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (Trop-2) . In yet specific embodiments, the TNF-αpolypeptide is wild-type TNF-α polypeptide. In other embodiments, the TNF-α polypeptide is a mutant TNF-αpolypeptide. In some embodiments, the TNF-α polypeptide is a human TNF-α polypeptide. In some embodiments, the TNF-α polypeptide is a monkey TNF-α polypeptide. In some embodiments, the TNF-αpolypeptide is a mouse TNF-α polypeptide. In some embodiments, the TNF-α polypeptide is a mutant TNF-αpolypeptide as described herein. In some embodiments, the TNF-α polypeptide is a mutant TNF-α polypeptide as described herein. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) selected from A33T, N34A, N34H, Y87A, Y87F, S95A, A145G, A145V, S147A, and S147G. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) selected from P08C, L55C, Q102C, E104C, S95C, G148C, I97C, Y115C, H73C, and P113C. In specific embodiments, a mutant TNF-α is human TNF-α containing (i) double mutations of P08C and L55C; (ii) double mutations of Q102C and E104C, (iii) double mutations of S95C and G148C, (iv) double mutations of I97C and Y115C; (v) double mutations of H73C and P113C; or (vi) any combinations of (i) to (v) . In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is a non-human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) at corresponding sites of N34, Y87, S95, and S147 of human TNF-α sequence as provided herein. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is a non-human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) corresponding to A33T, N34A, N34H, Y87A, Y87F, S95A, A145G, A145V, S147A, and S147G of human TNF-α sequence as provided herein. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is a non-human TNF-αhaving one or more point mutation (s) at corresponding sites of P08C, L55C, Q102C, E104C, S95C, G148C, I97C, Y115C, H73C, and P113C of human TNF-α sequence as provided herein. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is a non-human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) corresponding to P08C, L55C, Q102C, E104C, S95C, G148C, I97C, Y115C, H73C, and P113C of human TNF-α sequence as provided herein. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is a non-human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) at corresponding sites of (i) double mutations of P08C and L55C; (ii) double mutations of Q102C and E104C, (iii) double mutations of S95C and G148C, (iv) double mutations of I97C and Y115C; (v) double mutations of H73C and P113C; or (vi) any combinations of (i) to (v) of human TNF-α sequence as provided herein. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is a non-human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) corresponding to (i) double mutations of P08C and L55C; (ii) double mutations of Q102C and E104C, (iii) double mutations of S95C and G148C, (iv) double mutations of I97C and Y115C; (v) double mutations of H73C and P113C; or (vi) any combinations of (i) to (v) of human TNF-α sequence as provided herein. Additional mutant TNF-α polypeptides that can be used in connection with the present disclosure can be found in Loetscher et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268 (35) : 26350-26357, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0265] In some embodiments, the non-cytokine portion of the immunoconjugate molecule comprises an anchoring moiety configured to tether the immunoconjugate molecule to a target location of delivery. Hence, in some embodiments, immunoconjugate molecules of the present disclosure having the anchoring moiety can achieve tissue-specific distribution after being administered to a subject, such as after systemic administration to a subject. In some embodiments, the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule is capable of specific binding to a target molecule that is present in the target location of delivery. In some embodiments, the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof capable of binding to an antigen present in the target location of delivery, thereby tethering the immunoconjugate molecule to the target location of delivery.
[0266] In some embodiments, the target location of delivery is a cellular environment, or a tissue-specific environment. In some embodiments, the target location of delivery also contains an activation signal for the cytokine of the immunoconjugate molecule, such that the cytokine activity can be activated in the target location.
[0267] In particular embodiments, the target location of delivery is a cancerous tissue or a tumor microenvironment. In some embodiments, the target location of delivery is a particular type of tissue or population of cells in a subject. In some embodiments, the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that bind to an antigen expressed on a target cell. In some embodiments, the target cell also expresses a receptor for the cytokine forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule. In alternative embodiments, the target cell does not itself express a receptor for the cytokine forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule, and is nearby another cell expressing a receptor for the cytokine.
[0268] In particular embodiments, the target location of delivery is a cancerous tissue or a tumor microenvironment. In some embodiments, the target location of delivery is a particular type of tissue or population of cells in a subject. In some embodiments, the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that bind to an antigen expressed on cancer cells. Accordingly, in those embodiments, the immunoconjugate molecule, upon administration to a subject having cancer, can bind to a population of cancer cells in the subject. In some embodiments, the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that bind to an antigen present in the tumor microenvironment, such as an antigen expressed on surface of a tumor cells or antigen secreted by cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor stromal cells. Accordingly, in those embodiments, the immunoconjugate molecule, upon administration to a subject having a solid tumor, can enrich in the tumor microenvironment in the subject.
[0269] In some embodiments, the immunoconjugate molecules of the present disclosure comprises a cytokine moiety, a masking moiety and an anchoring moiety that are operably connected with one another. In specific embodiments, the masking moiety is a bispecific two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof capable of binding to both the cytokine moiety and a second target antigen that is not the cytokine. In specific embodiments, the anchoring moiety is an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof capable of binding to a third target antigen, such as an antigen present in a target location of delivery for the immunoconjugate molecule. In some embodiments, the target location of delivery also contains the second target antigen in a sufficient amount to compete with the cytokine for binding with the masking moiety, resulting in disassociation of the masking moiety from the cytokine and activation of cytokine activity at the target location of delivery.
[0270] In some embodiments, the immunoconjugate molecules, upon administration to a subject, can achieve tissue-specific distribution and enrich in a target tissue or cellular environment in the subject that contains sufficient amount of the third antigen. In specific embodiments, the target tissue or cellular environment also contains the second target antigen in a sufficient amount to compete with the cytokine for binding with the masking moiety, resulting in disassociation of the masking moiety from the cytokine and activation of cytokine activity in the target tissue or cellular environment.
[0271] In specific embodiments, the second and the third target antigens respectively recognized by the masking moiety and the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate are the same antigen. In alternative embodiments, the second and the third target antigens respectively recognized by the masking moiety and the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate are different antigens.
[0272] In specific embodiments, the second and the third target antigens respectively recognized by the masking moiety and the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate are the same antigen, and such antigen is expressed by a cell that also expresses a receptor for the cytokine forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule. In alternative embodiments, the second and the third target antigens respectively recognized by the masking moiety and the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate are the same antigen, and such antigen is expressed by a cell that does not itself expresses a receptor for the cytokine forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule and is nearby another cell expressing the receptor for the cytokine.
[0273] In specific embodiments, the second and the third target antigens respectively recognized by the masking moiety and the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate are different antigens, and the second target antigen is expressed by a cell that also expresses a receptor for the cytokine forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule. In specific embodiments, the cell can also express the third target antigen. In alternative embodiments, the cell does not itself express the third target antigen and is nearby another cell expressing the third target antigen.
[0274] In specific embodiments, the second and the third target antigens respectively recognized by the masking moiety and the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate are different antigens, and the third target antigen is expressed by a cell that also expresses a receptor for the cytokine forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule. In specific embodiments, the cell can also express the second target antigen. In alternative embodiments, the cell does not itself express the second target antigen and is nearby another cell expressing the second target antigen.
[0275] In specific embodiments, the second and the third target antigens respectively recognized by the masking moiety and the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate are different antigens, and the second target antigen is expressed by a cell that does not itself expresses a receptor for the cytokine forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule and is nearby another cell expressing the receptor for the cytokine. In specific embodiments, the cell expressing the second target antigen can also express the third target antigen. In specific embodiments, the cell expressing the receptor for the cytokine can also express the third target antigen. In specific embodiments, the third target antigen is express a cell nearby the cell expressing the second target antigen and / or the cell expressing the receptor for the cytokine.
[0276] In specific embodiments, the second and the third target antigens respectively recognized by the masking moiety and the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate are different antigens, and the third target antigen is expressed by a cell that does not itself expresses a receptor for the cytokine forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule and is nearby another cell expressing the receptor for the cytokine. In specific embodiments, the cell expressing the third target antigen can also express the second target antigen. In specific embodiments, the cell expressing the receptor for the cytokine can also express the second target antigen. In specific embodiments, the second target antigen is express a cell nearby the cell expressing the third target antigen and / or the cell expressing the receptor for the cytokine.
[0277] In specific embodiments, the cytokine moiety comprises a TNF-α polypeptide, and the non-cytokine portion of the immunoconjugate molecule comprises a masking moiety comprising a bispecific two-in-one antibody capable of binding to both the TNF-α polypeptide in the immunoconjugate molecule and a second target antigen that is not TNF-α. In particular embodiments, the second target antigen is an antigen expressed by the tumor cells. In other embodiments, the second target antigen is an antigen expressed by the cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor stromal cells. In some embodiments, the second target antigen is a tumor associated antigen. In specific embodiments, the second target antigen is fibroblast activation protein (FAP) . In specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody capable of binding to both the TNF-α polypeptide in the immunoconjugate molecule and a second target antigen FAP is an anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof as described in Section 5.3.1 (Anti-TNF-α / Anti-FAP Two-In-One Antibodies) . In specific embodiments, the second target antigen is tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (Trop-2) . In specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody capable of binding to both the TNF-αpolypeptide in the immunoconjugate molecule and a second target antigen Trop-2 is an anti-TNF-α / anti-Trop2 two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof as described in Section 5.3.2 (Anti-TNF-α / Anti-Trop2 Two-In-One Antibodies) . In specific embodiments, the non-cytokine portion of the immunoconjugate molecule further comprises an anchoring moiety comprising an antibody or antigen binding fragment capable of binding to a third target antigen that is not TNF-α. In particular embodiments, the third target antigen is an antigen expressed by the tumor cells. In some embodiments, the third target antigen is an antigen expressed by the cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor stromal cells. In some embodiments, the third target antigen is a tumor associated antigen. In specific embodiments, the third target antigen is fibroblast activation protein (FAP) . In specific embodiments, the non-cytokine portion of the immunoconjugate molecule further comprises an anchoring moiety that binds FAP, wherein the anchoring moiety comprises anti-FAP antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof as described in Section 5.3.3 (Anti-FAP Antibodies) . In specific embodiments, the third target antigen is tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (Trop-2) . In specific embodiments, the non-cytokine portion of the immunoconjugate molecule further comprises an anchoring moiety that binds Trop-2, wherein the anchoring moiety comprises anti-Trop2 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof as described in Section 5.3.4 (Anti-Trop2 Antibodies) . In yet specific embodiments, the TNF-α polypeptide is wild-type TNF-αpolypeptide. In other embodiments, the TNF-α polypeptide is a mutant TNF-α polypeptide. In some embodiments, the TNF-α polypeptide is a human TNF-α polypeptide. In some embodiments, the TNF-αpolypeptide is a monkey TNF-α polypeptide. In some embodiments, the TNF-α polypeptide is a mouse TNF-αpolypeptide. In some embodiments, the TNF-α polypeptide is a mutant TNF-α polypeptide as described herein. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) selected from A33T, N34A, N34H, Y87A, Y87F, S95A, A145G, A145V, S147A, and S147G. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) selected from P08C, L55C, Q102C, E104C, S95C, G148C, I97C, Y115C, H73C, and P113C. In specific embodiments, a mutant TNF-α is human TNF-α containing (i) double mutations of P08C and L55C; (ii) double mutations of Q102C and E104C, (iii) double mutations of S95C and G148C, (iv) double mutations of I97C and Y115C; (v) double mutations of H73C and P113C; or (vi) any combinations of (i) to (v) . In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is a non-human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) at corresponding sites of N34, Y87, S95, and S147 of human TNF-α sequence as provided herein. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is a non-human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) corresponding to A33T, N34A, N34H, Y87A, Y87F, S95A, A145G, A145V, S147A, and S147G of human TNF-α sequence as provided herein. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is a non-human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) at corresponding sites of P08C, L55C, Q102C, E104C, S95C, G148C, I97C, Y115C, H73C, and P113C of human TNF-α sequence as provided herein. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is a non-human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) corresponding to P08C, L55C, Q102C, E104C, S95C, G148C, I97C, Y115C, H73C, and P113C of human TNF-α sequence as provided herein. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is a non-human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) at corresponding sites of (i) double mutations of P08C and L55C; (ii) double mutations of Q102C and E104C, (iii) double mutations of S95C and G148C, (iv) double mutations of I97C and Y115C; (v) double mutations of H73C and P113C; or (vi) any combinations of (i) to (v) of human TNF-α sequence as provided herein. In specific embodiments, the mutant TNF-α polypeptide is a non-human TNF-α having one or more point mutation (s) corresponding to (i) double mutations of P08C and L55C; (ii) double mutations of Q102C and E104C, (iii) double mutations of S95C and G148C, (iv) double mutations of I97C and Y115C; (v) double mutations of H73C and P113C; or (vi) any combinations of (i) to (v) of human TNF-α sequence as provided herein. Additional mutant TNF-α polypeptides that can be used in connection with the present disclosure can be found in Loetscher et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268 (35) : 26350-26357, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0278] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate molecule comprises an anchoring moiety, a masking moiety and a cytokine moiety that are operably linked to one another via peptidic linkers. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 5 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 7 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 10 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 15 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 18 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 20 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 30 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 40 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 50 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 60 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 70 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 80 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 90 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 100 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 110 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 120 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 130 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 140 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 150 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 160 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 170 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 180 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 190 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 200 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 250 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 300 amino acid residues. In exemplary embodiments, the peptidic linker comprises an amino acid fragment GGGGS (i.e., G4S) (SEQ ID NO: 80) . In exemplary embodiments, the peptidic linker comprises multiple tandem copies of the G4S fragments of varied length, such as 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 150, or 300 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 81) . Unless indicated otherwise, an expression of n× (G4S) or (G4S) n means a peptide having n units of G4S, where n is a positive integer (SEQ ID NO: 81) . For illustrative purpose 5× (G4S) and (G4S) 5 both refer a peptide having the sequence of GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 82) .
[0279] In specific embodiments, the peptidic linker connecting the masking moiety and cytokine can have the same length as the peptidic linker connecting the masking moiety and the anchoring moiety. In alternative embodiments, the peptidic linker connecting the masking moiety and cytokine can have a different length from the peptidic linker connecting the masking moiety and the anchoring moiety. In specific embodiments, the peptidic linker connecting the masking moiety and cytokine can be at least 5, 7, 10, 15, 18, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, or 300 amino acids. In specific embodiments, the peptidic linker connecting the masking moiety and anchoring moiety can be at least 5, 7, 10, 15, 18, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, or 300 amino acids. In some embodiments, the linker sequence is selected from the sequences of Table 12.
[0280] Table 12: Exemplary Linker Sequences
[0281] FIGS. 1B to 1L are schematic illustrations of complexes containing multimerized antibody-cytokine immunoconjugates having different molecular configurations according to the present disclosure. The multimerization between the immunoconjugate molecules can be via covalent (e.g., disulfide bond) or non-covalent interactions. Although FIGS. 1B to 1L illustrate the configurations in the timer form, based on these illustrations, those of ordinary skill in the art could also envision immunoconjugates in the monomer, dimer, or higher-order multimer (e.g., greater than 3) forms, which are also within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0282] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate comprises an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one scFv antibody fused to a cytokine. In various embodiments, the immunoconjugate monomer can assume any one of the four different configurations: (i) cytokine-scFv (VH-VL) , (ii) cytokine-scFv (VL-VH) , (iii) scFv (VH-VL) -cytokine, and (iv) scFv (VL-VH) -cytokine, where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. In some embodiments, the monomer immunoconjugate molecule can multimerize into a complex, such as a trimer. In specific embodiments, multimerization is through interaction between the cytokine domains of two or more immunoconjugate molecules. In some embodiments, immunoconjugate molecules forming the multimer can each assume a configuration selected from (i) to (iv) of this paragraph, which configurations can be the same (homo-multimer complex) as, or different (hetero-multimer complex) from, one another. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the multimerization is through interaction between the extensive trimer interfaces of the TNF-α polypeptides contained in the immunoconjugate molecules. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0283] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate comprises an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody fused to a cytokine. In various embodiments, the immunoconjugate monomer can assume any one of the four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1 x VL-CL, (ii) cytokine-VL-CL x VH-CH1, (iii) VH-CH1-cytokine x VL-CL, and (iv) VL-CL-cytokine x VH-CH1, where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. In some embodiments, the monomer immunoconjugate molecule can multimerize into a complex, such as a trimer. In specific embodiments, multimerization is through interaction between the cytokine domains of two or more immunoconjugate molecules. In some embodiments, immunoconjugate molecules forming the multimer can each assume a configuration selected from (i) to (iv) of this paragraph, which configurations can be the same (homo-multimer complex) as, or different (hetero-multimer complex) from, one another. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the multimerization is through interaction between the extensive trimer interfaces of the TNF-α polypeptides contained in the immunoconjugate molecules. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0284] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate comprises an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one scFab antibody fused to a cytokine. In various embodiments, the immunoconjugate monomer can assume any one of the four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-scFab (VH-CH1-VL-CL) , (ii) cytokine-scFab (VL-CL-VH-CH1) , (iii) scFab (VH-CH1-VL-CL) -cytokine, and (iv) scFab (VL-CL-VH-CH1) -cytokine, where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. In some embodiments, the monomer immunoconjugate molecule can multimerize into a complex, such as a trimer. In specific embodiments, multimerization is through interaction between the cytokine domains of two or more immunoconjugate molecules. In some embodiments, immunoconjugate molecules forming the multimer can each assume a configuration selected from (i) to (iv) of this paragraph, which configurations can be the same (homo-multimer complex) as, or different (hetero-multimer complex) from, one another. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the multimerization is through interaction between the extensive trimer interfaces of the TNF-α polypeptides contained in the immunoconjugate molecules. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0285] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate comprises (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one scFv antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody. In various embodiments, the immunoconjugate monomer can assume any one of the eight possible configurations: (i) cytokine-scFv (VH-VL) -scFv (VH-VL) , (ii) cytokine-scFv (VL-VH) -scFv (VH-VL) , (iii) cytokine-scFv (VH-VL) -scFv (VL-VH) , (iv) cytokine-scFv (VL-VH) -scFv (VL-VH) , (v) scFv (VH-VL) -scFv (VH-VL) -cytokine, (vi) scFv (VL-VH) -scFv (VH-VL) -cytokine, (vii) scFv (VH-VL) -scFv (VL-VH) -cytokine, and (viii) scFv (VL-VH) -scFv (VL-VH) -cytokine, where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. In some embodiments, the monomer immunoconjugate molecule can multimerize into a complex, such as a trimer. In specific embodiments, multimerization is through interaction between the cytokine domains of two or more immunoconjugate molecules. In some embodiments, immunoconjugate molecules forming the multimer can each assume a configuration selected from (i) to (viii) of this paragraph, which configurations can be the same (homo-multimer complex) as, or different (hetero-multimer complex) from, one another. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the multimerization is through interaction between the extensive trimer interfaces of the TNF-αpolypeptides contained in the immunoconjugate molecules. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0286] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate comprises (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one scFv antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA VHH antibody. In various embodiments, the immunoconjugate monomer can assume any one of the four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-scFv (VH-VL) -VHH, (ii) cytokine-scFv (VL-VH) -VHH, (iii) scFv (VH-VL) -VHH-cytokine, and (iv) scFv (VL-VH) -VHH-cytokine, where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. In some embodiments, the monomer immunoconjugate molecule can multimerize into a complex, such as a trimer. In specific embodiments, multimerization is through interaction between the cytokine domains of two or more immunoconjugate molecules. In some embodiments, immunoconjugate molecules forming the multimer can each assume a configuration selected from (i) to (iv) of this paragraph, which configurations can be the same (homo-multimer complex) as, or different (hetero-multimer complex) from, one another. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the multimerization is through interaction between the extensive trimer interfaces of the TNF-α polypeptides contained in the immunoconjugate molecules. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0287] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate comprises (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody. In various embodiments, the immunoconjugate monomer can assume any one of the eight possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1 x scFv (VH-VL) -VL-CL, (ii) cytokine-VL-CL x scFv (VH-VL) -VH-CH1, (iii) cytokine-VH-CH1 x scFv (VL-VH) -VL-CL, (iv) cytokine-VL-CL x scFv (VL-VH) -VH-CH1, (v) VH-CH1-cytokine x scFv (VH-VL) -VL-CL, (vi) VL-CL-cytokine x scFv (VH-VL) -VH-CH1, (vii) VH-CH1-cytokine x scFv (VL-VH) -VL-CL, and (viii) VL-CL-cytokine x scFv (VL-VH) -VH-CH1, where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. In some embodiments, the monomer immunoconjugate molecule can multimerize into a complex, such as a trimer. In specific embodiments, multimerization is through interaction between the cytokine domains of two or more immunoconjugate molecules. In some embodiments, immunoconjugate molecules forming the multimer can each assume a configuration selected from (i) to (viii) of this paragraph, which configurations can be the same (homo-multimer complex) as, or different (hetero-multimer complex) from, one another. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the multimerization is through interaction between the extensive trimer interfaces of the TNF-α polypeptides contained in the immunoconjugate molecules. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0288] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate comprises (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA VHH antibody. In various embodiments, the immunoconjugate monomer can assume any one of the four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1 x VHH-VL-CL, (ii) cytokine-VL-CL x VHH-VH-CH1, (iii) VH-CH1-cytokine x VHH-VL-CL, and (iv) VL-CL-cytokine x VHH-VH-CH1, where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. In some embodiments, the monomer immunoconjugate molecule can multimerize into a complex, such as a trimer. In specific embodiments, multimerization is through interaction between the cytokine domains of two or more immunoconjugate molecules. In some embodiments, immunoconjugate molecules forming the multimer can each assume a configuration selected from (i) to (iv) of this paragraph, which configurations can be the same (homo-multimer complex) as, or different (hetero-multimer complex) from, one another. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the multimerization is through interaction between the extensive trimer interfaces of the TNF-α polypeptides contained in the immunoconjugate molecules. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0289] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate comprises (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody. In various embodiments, the immunoconjugate monomer can assume any one of the eight possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1 x VL-CL-scFv (VH-VL) , (ii) cytokine-VL-CL x VH-CH1-scFv (VH-VL) , (iii) cytokine-VH-CH1 x VL-CL- scFv (VL-VH) , (iv) cytokine-VL-CL x VH-CH1-scFv (VL-VH) , (v) VH-CH1-cytokine x VL-CL-scFv (VH-VL) , (vi) VL-CL-cytokine x VH-CH1-scFv (VH-VL) , (vii) VH-CH1-cytokine x VL-CL-scFv (VL-VH) , and (viii) VL-CL-cytokine x VH-CH1-scFv (VL-VH) , where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. In some embodiments, the monomer immunoconjugate molecule can multimerize into a complex, such as a trimer. In specific embodiments, multimerization is through interaction between the cytokine domains of two or more immunoconjugate molecules. In some embodiments, immunoconjugate molecules forming the multimer can each assume a configuration selected from (i) to (viii) of this paragraph, which configurations can be the same (homo-multimer complex) as, or different (hetero-multimer complex) from, one another. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the multimerization is through interaction between the extensive trimer interfaces of the TNF-α polypeptides contained in the immunoconjugate molecules. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0290] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate comprises (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA scFv antibody. In various embodiments, the immunoconjugate monomer can assume any one of the eight possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1-scFv (VH-VL) x VL-CL, (ii) cytokine-VL-CL-scFv (VH-VL) x VH-CH1, (iii) cytokine-VH-CH1-scFv (VL-VH) x VL-CL, (iv) cytokine-VL-CL-scFv (VL-VH) x VH-CH1, (v) VH-CH1-scFv (VH-VL) -cytokine x VL-CL, (vi) VL-CL-scFv (VH-VL) -cytokine x VH-CH1, (vii) VH-CH1-scFv (VL-VH) -cytokine x VL-CL, and (viii) VL-CL-scFv (VL-VH) -cytokine x VH-CH1, where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. In some embodiments, the monomer immunoconjugate molecule can multimerize into a complex, such as a trimer. In specific embodiments, multimerization is through interaction between the cytokine domains of two or more immunoconjugate molecules. In some embodiments, immunoconjugate molecules forming the multimer can each assume a configuration selected from (i) to (viii) of this paragraph, which configurations can be the same (homo-multimer complex) as, or different (hetero-multimer complex) from, one another. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the multimerization is through interaction between the extensive trimer interfaces of the TNF-α polypeptides contained in the immunoconjugate molecules. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0291] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate comprises (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA VHH antibody. In various embodiments, the immunoconjugate monomer can assume any one of the four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1-VHH x VL-CL, (ii) cytokine-VL-CL-VHH x VH-CH1, (iii) VH-CH1-VHH-cytokine x VL-CL, and (iv) VL-CL-VHH-cytokine x VH-CH1, where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. In some embodiments, the monomer immunoconjugate molecule can multimerize into a complex, such as a trimer. In specific embodiments, multimerization is through interaction between the cytokine domains of two or more immunoconjugate molecules. In some embodiments, immunoconjugate molecules forming the multimer can each assume a configuration selected from (i) to (iv) of this paragraph, which configurations can be the same (homo-multimer complex) as, or different (hetero-multimer complex) from, one another. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the multimerization is through interaction between the extensive trimer interfaces of the TNF-α polypeptides contained in the immunoconjugate molecules. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0292] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate comprises (a) an anti-cytokine / anti-TAA two-in-one Fab antibody, (b) a cytokine polypeptide, and (c) an anti-TAA VHH antibody. In various embodiments, the immunoconjugate monomer can assume any one of the four possible configurations: (i) cytokine-VH-CH1 x VL-CL-VHH, (i) cytokine-VL-CL x VH-CH1-VHH, (i) VH-CH1-cytokine x VL-CL-VHH, and (i) VL-CL-cytokine x VH-CH1-VHH, where “-” denotes a linker or direct fusion between different moieties, and the different moieties in a peptidic chain are listed according to the N to C orientation in the peptidic chain. In some embodiments, the monomer immunoconjugate molecule can multimerize into a complex, such as a trimer. In specific embodiments, multimerization is through interaction between the cytokine domains of two or more immunoconjugate molecules. In some embodiments, immunoconjugate molecules forming the multimer can each assume a configuration selected from (i) to (iv) of this paragraph, which configurations can be the same (homo-multimer complex) as, or different (hetero-multimer complex) from, one another. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is wild-type or mutant TNF-α. In specific embodiments, the multimerization is through interaction between the extensive trimer interfaces of the TNF-α polypeptides contained in the immunoconjugate molecules. In specific embodiments, the TAA is Trop-2 or FAP.
[0293] In some embodiments, the present immunoconjugate molecule comprises an anchoring moiety, a masking moiety and a cytokine moiety that are operably linked to one another via a conjugating moiety. In some embodiments, the conjugating moiety comprises an immunoglobulin Fc domain composed of the Fc regions of both heavy chains of the immunoglobulin (each a subunit of the Fc domain) . In some embodiments, the Fc domain is the Fc domain of an IgG molecule (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4) .
[0294] In some embodiments, the two subunits of the Fc domain can be both native sequence Fc regions. In some embodiments, the two subunits of the Fc domain can be both variant Fc regions. In some embodiments, the two subunits of the Fc domain can be one native sequence Fc region and one variant Fc region. In certain embodiments, the Fc domain comprises a modification promoting hetero-dimerization of two non-identical immunoglobulin heavy chains. The site of most extensive protein-protein interaction between the two polypeptidic chains of a human IgG Fc domain is in the CH3 domain of the Fc regions. Thus, in one embodiment, said modification is in the CH3 domain of the Fc regions. In a specific embodiment said modification is a knob-into-hole modification, comprising a knob modification in one of the Fc subunits and a hole modification in the other one of the Fc subunits. The knob-into-hole technology is described e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,168; U.S. Pat. No. 7,695,936; Ridgway et al., Prat Eng 9, 617-621 (1996) and Carter, J Immunol Meth 248, 7-15 (2001) . Generally, the method involves introducing a protuberance ( “knob” ) at the interface of a first polypeptide and a corresponding cavity ( “hole” ) in the interface of a second polypeptide, such that the protuberance can be positioned in the cavity so as to promote heterodimer formation and hinder homodimer formation. Protuberances are constructed by replacing small amino acid side chains from the interface of the first polypeptide with larger side chains (e.g., tyrosine or tryptophan) . Compensatory cavities of identical or similar size to the protuberances are created in the interface of the second polypeptide by replacing large amino acid side chains with smaller ones (e.g., alanine or threonine) . The protuberance and cavity can be made by altering the nucleic acid encoding the polypeptides, e.g., by site-specific mutagenesis, or by peptide synthesis. In a specific embodiment, a knob modification comprises the amino acid substitution T366W in one of the two Fc subunits, and the hole modification comprises the amino acid substitutions T366S, L368A and Y407V in the other one of the two Fc subunits. In a further specific embodiment, the Fc subunit comprising the knob modification additionally comprises the amino acid substitution S354C, and the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprising the hole modification additionally comprises the amino acid substitution Y349C. Introduction of these two cysteine residues results in formation of a disulfide bridge between the two heavy chains, further stabilizing the dimer (Carter, J. Immunol Methods 248, 7-15 (2001) ) .
[0295] In an alternative embodiment a modification promoting heterodimerization of two non-identical polypeptidic chains comprises a modification mediating electrostatic steering effects, e.g., as described in PCT publication WO 2009 / 089004. Generally, this method involves replacement of one or more amino acid residues at the interface of the two polypeptidic chains by charged amino acid residues so that homodimer formation becomes electro statically unfavorable but heterodimerization electrostatically favorable.
[0296] Without being bound by the theory, it is contemplated that an Fc domain confers to the immunoconjugate molecule favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including a long serum half-life which contributes to good accumulation in the target tissue and a favorable tissue-blood distribution ratio. At the same time an Fc domain may lead to undesirable targeting of the immunoconjugate molecules to cells expressing Fc receptors rather than to the target antigen-bearing cells. Moreover, the co-activation of Fc receptor signaling pathways may lead to cytokine release which, in combination with the cytokine polypeptide in the immunoconjugate molecule and the long half-life of the immunoconjugate, results in excessive activation of cytokine receptors and severe side effects upon systemic administration.
[0297] In certain embodiments, the modification to the Fc region of the antibody results in the decrease or elimination of an effector function of the antibody. In certain embodiments, the effector function is ADCC, ADCP, and / or CDC. In some embodiments, the effector function is ADCC. In other embodiments, the effector function is ADCP. In other embodiments, the effector function is CDC. In one embodiment, the effector function is ADCC and ADCP. In one embodiment, the effector function is ADCC and CDC. In one embodiment, the effector function is ADCP and CDC. In one embodiment, the effector function is ADCC, ADCP and CDC. This may be achieved by introducing one or more amino acid substitutions in an Fc region of the antibody. For example, substitutions into human IgG1 using IgG2 residues at positions 233-236 and IgG4 residues at positions 327, 330, and 331 were shown to greatly reduce ADCC and CDC (see, e.g., Armour et al., 1999, Eur. J. Immunol. 29 (8) : 2613-24; and Shields et al., 2001, J. Biol. Chem. 276 (9) : 6591-604) . Other Fc variants are provided elsewhere herein.
[0298] To increase the serum half-life of the antibody, one may incorporate a salvage receptor binding epitope into the antibody (especially an antibody fragment) , for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,277. Term “salvage receptor binding epitope” refers to an epitope of the Fc region of an IgG molecule (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4) that is responsible for increasing the in vivo serum half-life of the IgG molecule.
[0299] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the Fc domain forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule according to the present disclosure is engineered to have reduced binding affinity to an Fc receptor. In one such embodiment the Fc domain comprises one or more amino acid mutation that reduces the binding affinity of the Fc domain to an Fc receptor. In one such embodiment, the one or more such amino acid mutations are present in one of the two Fc subunits of the Fc domain. In another such embodiment, the one or more such amino acid mutations are present in both of the two Fc subunits of the Fc domain. In various embodiments, such amino acid mutations reduce the binding affinity of the immunoconjugate to the Fc receptor by at least 2-fold, at least 5-fold, or at least 10-fold.
[0300] In some embodiments where there is more than one amino acid mutation that reduces the binding affinity of the Fc domain composed of the present immunoconjugate molecule to the Fc receptor, the combination of these amino acid mutations can reduce the binding affinity of the Fc domain to the Fc receptor by at least 10-fold, at least 20-fold, or even at least 50-fold. In one embodiment the immunoconjugate comprising an engineered immunoglobulin molecule exhibits less than 20%, particularly less than 10%, more particularly less than 5%of the binding affinity to an Fc receptor as compared to an immunoconjugate comprising a non-engineered immunoglobulin molecule.
[0301] In some embodiments, the Fc receptor is an activating Fc receptor. In a specific embodiment the Fc receptor is an Fcγ receptor. More specifically, in some embodiments, the Fc receptor is an FcγRIIIα, FcγRI or FcγRIIα receptor. In some embodiments, binding of the Fc domain to each of these exemplary receptors is reduced. In some embodiments, binding affinity of the Fc domain to a complement component is reduced. Specifically in some embodiments, binding affinity of the Fc domain to C1q is reduced. In one embodiment, binding affinity to neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is not reduced. Substantially similar binding to FcRn, i.e., preservation of the binding affinity of the Fc domain to said receptor, is achieved when the immunoconjugate comprising said Fc domain exhibits greater than about 70%of the binding affinity of a non-engineered form of the immunoconjugate molecule comprising said non-engineered form of the Fc to FcRn. Immunoglobulins, or immunoconjugates comprising said immunoglobulins, may exhibit greater than about 80%and even greater than about 90%of such affinity.
[0302] In some embodiments, the Fc domain forming part of the present immunoconjugate molecule is not a native sequence Fc domain and has at least one amino acid mutation in one of its Fc subunits. In some embodiments, the Fc domain forming part of the present immunoconjugate molecule is not a native sequence Fc domain and has at least one amino acid mutation in both of its Fc subunits. In some embodiments, the amino acid mutations in both Fc subunits of an Fc domain are the same mutations. In some embodiments, the amino acid mutations in the two Fc subunits of an Fc domain are different mutations. In some embodiments, the amino acid mutation is selected from amino acid substitution, amino acid deletion and amino acid insertion. In particular embodiments, one or both of the Fc subunits in the Fc domain of the immunoconjugate molecule comprise one or more amino acid mutations at any one or more amino acid positions 228, 233, 234, 235, 236, 265, 297, 329, 330, and 331 of the Fc subunit, where the number of the residues in the Fc subunit is that of the EU index as in Kabat. In particular embodiments, such one or more amino acid substitutions comprise S228P. In particular embodiments, such one or more amino acid substitutions comprise E233P. In particular embodiments, such one or more amino acid substitutions comprise L234V or L234A. In particular embodiments, such one or more amino acid substitutions comprise L235A or L235E. In particular embodiments, such one or more amino acid deletion comprises ΔG236. In particular embodiments, such one or more amino acid substitutions comprise D265G. In particular embodiments, such one or more amino acid substitutions comprise N297A or N297D. In particular embodiments, such one or more amino acid substitutions comprise P329E, P329A or P329G, particularly P329E. In particular embodiments, such one or more amino acid substitutions comprise A330S. In particular embodiments, such one or more amino acid substitutions comprise P331S.
[0303] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions E233, L234, L235, G236, A330, and P331. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprises amino acid mutations at positions E233, L234, L235, G236, A330, and P331. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of E233P, L234V, L235A, ΔG236, A330S, and P331S. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprises amino acid mutations of E233P, L234V, L235A, ΔG236, P329S, A330S, and P331S.
[0304] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, A330, and P331. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, A330, and P331. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, A330S, and P331S. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, A330S, and P331S.
[0305] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions E233, L234, L235, G236, P329, A330, and P331. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations at positions E233, L234, L235, G236, P329, A330, and P331. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of E233P, L234V, L235A, ΔG236, P329E, A330S, and P331S. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations of E233P, L234V, L235A, ΔG236, P329E, A330S, and P331S.
[0306] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, P329, A330, and P331. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, P329, A330, and P331. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, P329E, A330S, and P331S. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, P329E, A330S, and P331S.
[0307] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions E233, L234, L235, G236, and P329. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations at positions E233, L234, L235, G236, and P329. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of E233P, L234V, L235A, ΔG236, and P329E. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations of E233P, L234V, L235A, ΔG236, and P329E.
[0308] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, P329. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, P329. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, and P329E. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, and P329E.
[0309] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions E233, L234, L235, G236, D265, A330, and P331. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations at positions E233, L234, L235, G236, D265, A330, and P331. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of E233P, L234V, L235A, ΔG236, D265G, A330S, and P331S. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations of E233P, L234V, L235A, ΔG236, D265G, A330S, and P331S. In these embodiments, the Fc domain has reduced binding affinity to the Fcγ receptor.
[0310] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, D265, A330, and P331. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, D265, A330, and P331. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, D265G, A330S, and P331S. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, D265G, A330S, and P331S.
[0311] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions E233, L234, L235, G236, D265, P329, A330, and P331. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations at positions E233, L234, L235, G236, D265, P329, A330, and P331. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of E233P, L234V, L235A, ΔG236, D265G, P329E, A330S, and P331S. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations of E233P, L234V, L235A, ΔG236, D265G, P329E, A330S, and P331S.
[0312] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, D265, P329, A330, and P331. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, D265, P329, A330, and P331. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, D265G, P329E, A330S, and P331S. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, D265G, P329E, A330S, and P331S.
[0313] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions E233, L234, L235, G236, D265, and P329. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations at positions E233, L234, L235, G236, D265, and P329. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of E233P, L234V, L235A, ΔG236, D265G, and P329E. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations of E233P, L234V, L235A, ΔG236, D265G, and P329E.
[0314] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, D265, and P329. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, D265, and P329. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, D265G, and P329E. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, D265G, and P329E.
[0315] In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, and P329. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations at positions L234, L235, and P329. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain comprises amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, and P329G. In specific embodiments, both of the two Fc subunits comprise amino acid mutations of L234A, L235A, and P329G.
[0316] According to the present disclosure, the present immunoconjugate molecule comprises an anchoring moiety, a masking moiety and a cytokine moiety that are operably linked to one another via a conjugating moiety. In specific embodiments, the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide. In specific embodiments, the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment capable of binding to the cytokine polypeptide and a second target antigen. In specific embodiments, the anchoring moiety comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof capable of binding to a third target antigen. In specific embodiments, the conjugating moiety comprises an immunoglobulin Fc domain composed of two Fc regions of immunoglobulin heavy chains (each Fc region is referred to as a subunit of the Fc domain or “Fc subunit” ) . In some embodiments, the Fc domain comprises a modification promoting hetero-dimerization of the two Fc subunits. In specific embodiments, said modification is a knob-into-hole modification, comprising a knob modification in one of the Fc subunits (Fc-knob) and a hole modification in the other one of the Fc subunits (Fc-hole) .
[0317] According to the present disclosure, in these embodiments, the cytokine moiety, the masking moiety, and the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule can be operably linked to one another via the conjugating moiety in a variety of different configurations.
[0318] FIGS. 2B to 2U are schematic illustrations of antibody-cytokine immunoconjugates of different molecular configurations according to the present disclosure. In one exemplary embodiment, the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the C-terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the masking moiety comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the C-terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the C-terminus of one subunit of the Fc domain, and the masking moiety comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the C-terminus of the other Fc subunit. In some embodiments, the masking moiety is fused to the C-terminus of the Fc subunit. In some embodiments, the Fc domain comprises a modification promoting hetero-dimerization of the two Fc subunits. In specific embodiments, said modification is a knob-into-hole modification, comprising a knob modification in one of the Fc subunits (Fc-knob subunit) and a hole modification in the other one of the Fc subunits (Fc-hole subunit) .
[0319] In one exemplary embodiment, the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the C-terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the C-terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the anchoring moiety comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the N-terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the C-terminus of one subunit of the Fc domain, and the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the C-terminus of the other Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the C-terminus of one subunit of the Fc domain, the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the C-terminus of the other Fc subunit, and the anchoring moiety comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the N-terminus of one subunit of the Fc domain. In specific embodiments, the anchoring moiety and the cytokine moiety are fused to the N-and C-terminus of the same Fc subunit, respectively. In specific embodiment, the masking moiety and the cytokine moiety are fused to the N-and C-terminus of the same Fc subunit, respectively. In some embodiments, the Fc domain comprises a modification promoting hetero-dimerization of the two Fc subunits. In specific embodiments, said modification is a knob-into-hole modification, comprising a knob modification in one of the Fc subunits (Fc-knob subunit) and a hole modification in the other one of the Fc subunits (Fc-hole subunit) .
[0320] In one exemplary embodiment, the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the N-terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the masking moiety. In one exemplary embodiment, the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the N-terminus of one Fc subunit, and the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the masking moiety. In one exemplary embodiment, the anchoring moiety comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the N-terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the anchoring moiety. In one exemplary embodiment, the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the N-terminus of one Fc subunit, the anchoring moiety comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the N-terminus of the other Fc subunit, and the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the masking moiety. In one exemplary embodiment, the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the N-terminus of one Fc subunit, the anchoring moiety comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the N-terminus of the other Fc subunit, and the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the anchoring moiety. In some embodiments, the Fc domain comprises a modification promoting hetero-dimerization of the two Fc subunits. In specific embodiments, said modification is a knob-into-hole modification, comprising a knob modification in one of the Fc subunits (Fc-knob subunit) and a hole modification in the other one of the Fc subunits (Fc-hole subunit) .
[0321] In one exemplary embodiment, the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the C-terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the masking moiety. In one exemplary embodiment, the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the C-terminus of one Fc subunit, and the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the masking moiety. In one exemplary embodiment, the anchoring moiety comprising an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the N terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the C-terminus of one Fc subunit, the anchoring moiety comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the N-terminus of the other Fc subunit, and the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide fused to the masking moiety. In specific embodiments, the masking moiety and the anchoring moiety bind to the same Fc subunit. In specific embodiments, the masking moiety and the anchoring moiety bind to different Fc subunits. In some embodiments, the Fc domain comprises a modification promoting hetero-dimerization of the two Fc subunits. In specific embodiments, said modification is a knob-into-hole modification, comprising a knob modification in one of the Fc subunits (Fc-knob subunit) and a hole modification in the other one of the Fc subunits (Fc-hole subunit) .
[0322] In one exemplary embodiment, the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the C-terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the C-terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the anchoring moiety comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the masking moiety. In some embodiments, the Fc domain comprises a modification promoting hetero-dimerization of the two Fc subunits. In specific embodiments, said modification is a knob-into-hole modification, comprising a knob modification in one of the Fc subunits (Fc-knob subunit) and a hole modification in the other one of the Fc subunits (Fc-hole subunit) .
[0323] In one exemplary embodiment, the masking moiety comprises a bispecific two-in-one antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the N-terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the cytokine moiety comprises a cytokine polypeptide that is fused to the N-terminus of one Fc subunit. In one exemplary embodiment, the anchoring moiety comprises an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is fused to the masking moiety. In some embodiments, the Fc domain comprises a modification promoting hetero-dimerization of the two Fc subunits. In specific embodiments, said modification is a knob-into-hole modification, comprising a knob modification in one of the Fc subunits (Fc-knob subunit) and a hole modification in the other one of the Fc subunits (Fc-hole subunit) .
[0324] According to the present disclosure, in any of the embodiments described herein, the different moieties of the immunoconjugate molecule can be connected with a peptidic linker sequence. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 5 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 7 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 10 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 15 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 18 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 20 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 30 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 50 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the peptidic linker has at least 70 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the linker is selected from the sequences of Table 12.
[0325] According to the present disclosure, in any of the embodiments described herein, non-limiting examples of an antibody forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule can be synthetic antibodies, recombinantly produced antibodies, camelized antibodies, intrabodies, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies. In some embodiments, an antibody forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule is a monoclonal antibody. In any of the embodiments described herein, an antigen binding fragment forming part of the immunoconjugate molecule can be functional fragments of an antibody that retains some or all of the binding activity of the antibody from which the fragment was derived. Non-limiting examples of functional fragments (e.g., antigen-binding fragments such as TNF-α -binding fragments) include single-chain Fvs (scFv) (e.g., including monospecific, bispecific, etc. ) , Fab fragments (e.g., including monospecific, bispecific, etc. ) , F (ab’ ) fragments, F (ab) 2 fragments, F (ab’ ) 2 fragments, disulfide-linked Fvs (dsFv) , Fd fragments, Fv fragments, diabody, triabody, tetrabody, minibody, and single domain antibody (VHH or nanobody) . In specific embodiments, the immunoconjugate molecule can have any of the configurations as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
[0326] For example, in specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody in the masking moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a Fab fragment. For example, in specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody in the masking moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a ScFv fragment. For example, in specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody in the masking moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a single domain (VHH) antibody.
[0327] For example, in specific embodiments, the antibody in the anchoring moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a Fab fragment. For example, in specific embodiments, the antibody in the anchoring moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a ScFv fragment. For example, in specific embodiments, the antibody in the anchoring moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a single domain (VHH) antibody.
[0328] For example, in specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody in the masking moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a Fab fragment, and the antibody in the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule is also a Fab fragment. For example, in specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody in the masking moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a Fab fragment, and the antibody in the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule is a ScFv fragment. For example, in specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody in the masking moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a Fab fragment, and the antibody in the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule is a single domain (VHH) fragment.
[0329] For example, in specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody in the masking moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a ScFv fragment, and the antibody in the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule is a Fab fragment. For example, in specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody in the masking moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a ScFv fragment, and the antibody in the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule is also ScFv fragment. For example, in specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody in the masking moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a ScFv fragment, and the antibody in the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule is a single domain (VHH) fragment.
[0330] For example, in specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody in the masking moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a single domain (VHH) antibody, and the antibody in the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule is a Fab fragment. For example, in specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody in the masking moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a single domain (VHH) antibody, and the antibody in the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule is ScFv fragment. For example, in specific embodiments, the bispecific two-in-one antibody in the masking moiety of the present immunoconjugate molecule is a single domain (VHH) antibody, and the antibody in the anchoring moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule is also a single domain (VHH) fragment.
[0331] 5.3.1 Anti-TNF-α / Anti-FAP Two-In-One Antibodies
[0332] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides two-in-one antibodies that can find use herein for generating the present immunoconjugate molecules, e.g., as a masking moiety. Exemplary antibodies include polyclonal, monoclonal, humanized, human, bispecific, and heteroconjugate antibodies, as well as variants thereof having improved affinity or other properties.
[0333] In some embodiments, provided herein is an anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP two-in-one antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In certain embodiments, the anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP two-in-one antibody comprises a VH region, VL region, VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and / or VL CDR3 of any one of the two-in-one antibodies provided herein, such as an amino acid sequence depicted in Tables 13-14. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody or functional fragment thereof provided herein comprises one, two, and / or three heavy chain CDRs and / or one, two, and / or three light chain CDRs from the antibody FN15 as shown in Tables 13-14.
[0334] Table 13. Anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP Two-in-One Antibody VL CDR Amino Acid Sequences.
[0335] Table 14. Anti-TNF-α / anti-FAP Two-In-One Antibody VH CDR Amino Acid Sequences.
[0336] In some embodiments, a two-in-one antibody provided herein comprises or consists of six CDRs, for example, VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and / or VL CDR3 identified in Tables 13-14. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises or consists of one, two, three, four, or five CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and / or VL CDR3 identified in Tables 13-14. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises or consists of one, two, three, four, or five CDRs of anyone of the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and / or VL CDR3 identified in Tables 13-14.
[0337] In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies provided herein comprise one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VL CDRs listed in Table 13. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies provided herein comprise one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VH CDRs listed in Table 14. In yet other embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies provided herein comprise one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VL CDRs listed in Table 13 and one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VH CDRs listed in Table 14.
[0338] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 15. In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VL CDR1 and / or a VL CDR2 and / or a VL CDR3 independently selected from any one of the VL CDR1, VL CDR2, VL CDR3 amino acid sequences as depicted in Table 13.
[0339] In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibodies comprise a VH CDR1 and / or a VH CDR2 and / or a VH CDR3 independently selected from any one of the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3 amino acid sequence (s) as depicted in Table 14.
[0340] Also provided herein are two-in-one antibodies comprising one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VH CDRs and one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14. In particular, provided herein is a two-in-one antibody comprising a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises any combination thereof of the VH CDRs and VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14.
[0341] Also provided herein are two-in-one antibodies comprising one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VH CDRs and one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14. In particular, provided herein is a two-in-one antibody comprising a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises any combination thereof of the VH CDRs and VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14.
[0342] Also provided herein are two-in-one antibodies comprising one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VH CDRs and one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14. In particular, provided herein is a two-in-one antibody comprising a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises any combination thereof of the VH CDRs and VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14.
[0343] Also provided herein are two-in-one antibodies comprising one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VH CDRs and one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14. In particular, provided herein is a two-in-one antibody comprising a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in- one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 69) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises any combination thereof of the VH CDRs and VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14.
[0344] . Also provided herein are two-in-one antibodies comprising one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VH CDRs and one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14. In particular, provided herein is a two-in-one antibody comprising a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises any combination thereof of the VH CDRs and VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14. Also provided herein are two-in-one antibodies comprising one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VH CDRs and one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14. In particular, provided herein is a two-in-one antibody comprising a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 70) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises any combination thereof of the VH CDRs and VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14.
[0345] Also provided herein are two-in-one antibodies comprising one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VH CDRs and one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14. In particular, provided herein is a two-in-one antibody comprising a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises any combination thereof of the VH CDRs and VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14.
[0346] Also provided herein are two-in-one antibodies comprising one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VH CDRs and one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 13-14. In particular, provided herein is a two-in-one antibody comprising a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In some embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 68) . In one embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) . In other embodiments, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . In another embodiment, the two-in-one antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 71) , a VH C...
Claims
1.A two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to TNF-α and FAP, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises:(a) a light chain variable region (VL) comprising VL complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) , VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 of antibody FN15 as set forth in Table 15;and / or a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising VH complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) , VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 of antibody FN15 as set forth in Table 16; or(b) a VL comprising a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3, respectively, of a VL having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27; and / or a VH comprising a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3, respectively, of a VH having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.2.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein(a) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Kabat numbering system;(b) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Chothia numbering system;(c) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the ABM numbering system;(d) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Contact numbering system; or(e) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the IMGT numbering system.3.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 15, 16, and 17, respectively, and the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 18, 19, and 20, respectively.4.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27.5.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27.6.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28.7.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.8.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27 and a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28.9.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises:(a) a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27; and(b) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.10.An immunoconjugate molecule comprising a first polypeptide chain and a second polypeptide chain, wherein the first polypeptide chain comprises a TNF-α moiety fused to a heavy chain variable region (VH) of a first antibody, wherein the second polypeptide chain comprises a light chain variable region (VL) of the first antibody fused to a second antibody capable of binding to FAP; and wherein the VH and VL forms a two-in-one binding domain capable of binding to TNF-α and FAP.11.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 10, wherein(a) the VL comprises VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 of antibody FN15 as set forth in Table 15; and / or wherein the VH comprises VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 of antibody FN15 as set forth in Table 16; or(b) the VL comprises a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3, respectively, of a VL having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27; and / or the VH comprises a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3, respectively, of a VH having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.12.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 11, wherein the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Kabat numbering system;(b) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Chothia numbering system;(c) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the ABM numbering system;(d) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Contact numbering system; or(e) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the IMGT numbering system.13.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 11, wherein the VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 15, 16, and 17, respectively, and the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 18, 19, and 200, respectively.14.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 11, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27.15.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 11, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27.16.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 11, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28.17.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 11, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.18.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 11, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27 and a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28.19.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 11, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises:(a) a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27; and(b) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.20.The immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 19, wherein the TNF-α moiety comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a mutant thereof.21.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 20, wherein the mutant comprises a S95A substitution, a N34H substitution, a Y87A substitution, or a Y87F substitution in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.22.The immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 21, wherein the second antibody is a scFv or VHH capable of binding to FAP.23.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 22, wherein the scFv comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51, or wherein the VHH comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50.24.The immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 23, wherein in the first polypeptide chain, the TNF-α moiety is fused to the N terminus of the VH via a first peptidic linker.25.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 24, wherein the first peptidic linker is about 50 amino acids in length; wherein optionally the first peptidic linker is a 10X (G4S) linker.26.The immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 26, wherein in the second polypeptide chain, the second antibody is fused to the N terminus of the VL via a second peptidic linker.27.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 26, wherein the second peptidic linker is about 30 amino acids in length or about 70 amino acids in length, wherein optionally the second peptidic linker is a 6X (G4S) linker or a 14X (G4S) linker.28.The immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 27, wherein the first polypeptide chain further comprises a CH1 domain of the first antibody; optionally wherein the CH1 domain is fused to the C terminus of the VH.29.The immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 28, wherein the second polypeptide chain further comprises a CL domain of the first antibody; optionally wherein the CL domain is fused to the C terminus of the VL.30.An immunoconjugate molecule comprising two polypeptide chains, wherein(a) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54;(b) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54;(c) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54;(d) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54;(e) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59;(f) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59;(g) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; or(h) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59.31.A two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to TNF-α and Trop-2, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises:(a) a light chain variable region (VL) comprising VL complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) , VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 of antibody TN01 as set forth in Table 19;and / or a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising VH complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) , VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 of antibody TN01 as set forth in Table 20; or(b) a VL comprising a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3, respectively, of a VL having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; and / or a VH comprising a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3, respectively, of a VH having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30.32.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 31, wherein(a) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Kabat numbering system;(b) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Chothia numbering system;(c) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the ABM numbering system;(d) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Contact numbering system; or(e) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the IMGT numbering system.33.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 31, wherein the VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 21, 22, and 23, respectively, and the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 24, 25, and 26, respectively.34.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 31, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 29.35.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 31, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29.36.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 31, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 30.37.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 31, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30.38.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 31, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 29 and a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 30.39.The two-in-one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 31, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises:(a) a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; and(b) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30.40.An immunoconjugate molecule comprising a first polypeptide chain and a second polypeptide chain, wherein the first polypeptide chain comprises a TNF-α moiety fused to a heavy chain variable region (VH) of a first antibody, wherein the second polypeptide chain comprises a light chain variable region (VL) of the first antibody fused to a second antibody capable of binding to Trop-2; and wherein the VH and VL forms a two-in-one binding domain capable of binding to TNF-α and Trop-2.41.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 40, wherein(a) the VL comprises VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 of antibody TN01 as set forth in Table 19; and / or wherein the VH comprises VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 of antibody TN01 as set forth in Table 20; or(b) the VL comprises a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3, respectively, of a VL having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; and / or the VH comprises a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3, respectively, of a VH having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30.42.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 40, wherein the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Kabat numbering system;(b) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Chothia numbering system;(c) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the ABM numbering system;(d) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the Contact numbering system; or(e) the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 amino acid sequences are according to the IMGT numbering system.43.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 40, wherein the VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 21, 22, and 23, respectively, and the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 24, 25, and 26, respectively.44.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 40, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 29.45.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 40, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29.46.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 40, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 30.47.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 40, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30.48.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 40, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 29 and a VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 30.49.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 40, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises:(a) a VL comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; and(b) a VH comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30.50.The immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claim 40 to 50, wherein the TNF-α moiety comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a mutant thereof.51.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 50, wherein the mutant comprises a S95A substitution, a N34H substitution, a Y87A substitution, or a Y87F substitution in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.52.The immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 40 to 51, wherein the second antibody is a scFv or VHH capable of binding to Trop-2.53.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 52, wherein the scFv comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52.54.The immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 40 to 53, wherein in the first polypeptide chain, the TNF-α moiety is fused to the N terminus of the VH via a first peptidic linker.55.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 54, wherein the first peptidic linker is about 30 amino acids in length; wherein optionally the first peptidic linker is a 6X (G4S) linker.56.The immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 40 to 55, wherein in the second polypeptide chain, the second antibody is fused to the N terminus of the VL via a second peptidic linker.57.The immunoconjugate molecule of claim 56, wherein the second peptidic linker is about 50 amino acids in length, wherein optionally the second peptidic linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.58.The immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 40 to 57, wherein the first polypeptide chain further comprises a CH1 domain of the first antibody; optionally wherein the CH1 domain is fused to the C terminus of the VH.59.The immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 40 to 58, wherein the second polypeptide chain further comprises a CL domain of the first antibody; optionally wherein the CL domain is fused to the C terminus of the VL.60.A immunoconjugate molecule comprising two polypeptide chains, wherein(a) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64;(b) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64;(c) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64; or(d) the first polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, and the second polypeptide chain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64.61.A complex comprising a homotrimer of the immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 30, and 40 to 60, and wherein the trimerization is through the TNF-α moiety of the immunoconjugate molecule.62.A composition comprising the immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 30, and 40 to 60, or the complex of claim 61, and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier.63.A polynucleotide encoding the immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 30, and 40 to 60, or a fragment thereof.64.The polynucleotide of claim 63, wherein the polynucleotide is operably linked to a promoter.65.A vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 63 or 64.66.A cell comprising the polynucleotide of claim 63 or 64.67.A cell comprising the vector of claim 65.68.An isolated cell producing the immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 30, and 40 to 60, or the complex of claim 61.69.A kit comprising the immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 30, and 40 to 60, or the complex of claim 61.70.A method of making an immunoconjugate molecule, comprising culturing the cell of claim 66 or 67 to express the immunoconjugate molecule, wherein the immunoconjugate molecule is in a monomeric, dimeric, or trimeric form.71.A method of making an immunoconjugate molecule, comprising expressing the polynucleotide of claim 63 or 64, wherein the immunoconjugate molecule is in a monomeric, dimeric, or trimeric form.72.A method for activating a TNF-α mediated effect at a target site, the method comprising delivering to the target site the immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 30, and 40 to 60, or the complex of claim 61.73.The method of claim 72, wherein delivering the immunoconjugate molecule to the target site comprises administering the immunoconjugate molecule to a subject.74.The method of claim 73, wherein the TNF-α mediated effect is at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98%lower at a non-target site as compared to the TNF-α mediated effect at the target site after administering the immunoconjugate molecule to the subject.75.The method of any one of claims 72 to 74 , wherein the TNF-α mediated effect is cell apoptosis.76.A method for enriching a TNF-α polypeptide at a target site, the method comprising delivering to the target site the immunoconjugate molecule of the immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 30, and 40 to 60, or the complex of claim 61.77.The method of claim 76, wherein delivering the immunoconjugate molecule to the target site comprises administering the immunoconjugate molecule to a subject.78.The method of claim 77, wherein the concentration of the TNF-α polypeptide is at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98%lower at a non-target site as compared to the concentration of the TNF-α polypeptide at the target site after administering the immunoconjugate molecule to the subject.79.The method of one of claim 73, 74, 77, or 78, wherein a toxicity or side-effect associated with TNF-α in the subject is reduced.80.The method of claim 79, wherein cytokine toxicity or side-effect is reduced at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98%as compared to administering to the subject an equivalent amount of TNF-α in an unconjugated form.81.The method of claim 79 or 80, wherein the reduction in toxicity or side-effect is measured as the elongation of life span of the administered subject.82.The method of claim 79 or 80, wherein the reduction in toxicity or side-effect is measured as reduction in loss of body weight of the administered subject.83.The method of claim 79 or 80, wherein the reduction in toxicity or side-effect is measured as change in the level of an immune response in the administered subject.84.The method of claim 79 or 80, wherein the reduction in toxicity or side-effect is measured as a change in an inflammatory response in the administered subject.85.The method of any one of claims 72 to 84, wherein the target site is a tumor microenvironment.86.The method of any one of claims 72 to 85, wherein the target site is a cancerous cell expressing FAP and / or Trop-2.87.The method of claim 86, wherein the cancerous cell also expresses a TNF-α receptor.88.The method of claim 86, wherein the cancerous cell does not express a TNF-α receptor.89.A method for inhibiting growth or induce apoptosis of a cancer cell comprising contacting the cancer cell with an effective amount of the immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 30, and 40 to 60, or the complex of claim 61.90.A method for treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprising administering an effective amount of the immunoconjugate molecule of any one of claims 10 to 30, and 40 to 60, or the complex of claim 61.