The described invention provides tumor
cell vaccines comprising genetically modified tumor
cell lines of specific tumor types that stably express high levels of two or more
immune modulators. According to some embodiments, immunogenic amounts of tumor
cell line variants can be selected for co-expression of two or more membrane and soluble forms of GM-CSF and Flt-3L peptides, along with recombinant membrane-expressed IgG1, CD40L, and TNF-alpha, which are effective in eliciting anti-tumor immune responses compared to the parental, unmodified tumor cell line, as measured
in vitro by a one-way mixed
lymphocyte tumor response assay using human
peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the genetically modified
allogeneic cell vaccine candidate. According to some embodiments, the tumor cell vaccine candidate induces an immune response in recipient
cancer patients that cross-reacts with the patient's own (autologous)
tumor cells, an effect sufficient to result in enhanced anti-
tumor immunity that contributes to prolonged survival of vaccinated patient cohorts compared to corresponding unvaccinated patient cohorts.