Composite fiber-based protective material, and preparation method therefor and use thereof

Abstract

The present invention is used in the technical field of functional textile materials. Disclosed are a composite fiber-based protective material, and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. The composite fiber-based protective material comprises a unidirectional moisture-guiding fiber membrane, a bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer and a waterproof moisture-permeable membrane, which are sequentially stacked, wherein the unidirectional moisture-guiding fiber membrane comprises a hydrophobic fiber membrane and a hydrophilic fiber membrane sandwiched between the hydrophobic fiber membrane and the bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer, and the average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is larger than the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane. The average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 10-18 μm; and the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 1.0-2.3 μm. The composite fiber-based protective material is prepared from the unidirectional moisture-guiding fiber membrane, the bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer and the waterproof moisture-permeable membrane by means of a lamination process. In addition to waterproofness and moisture penetrability, the composite fiber-based protective material also has biodegradability and a bacteriostatic effect.

Description

Composite fiber-based protective material and its preparation method and application Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of functional textile materials, and in particular to a composite fiber-based protective material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Medical protective clothing refers to protective clothing used by medical personnel and those entering specific medical and health areas. Currently, the following main types of medical protective clothing materials are commonly found on the market: polypropylene spunbond, spunlace composites of polyester fiber and wood pulp, polypropylene spunbond-meltblown-spunbond composite nonwovens, polymer-coated fabrics, and polyethylene breathable film / nonwoven composites. Polypropylene spunbond has low resistance to hydrostatic pressure and is generally used for general protective equipment such as sterile surgical gowns and sterile wraps. Because the polymer used is primarily polypropylene, antioxidants and degradants are often added, and it takes 20-30 years to degrade. During this process, toxins are released, polluting the environment and soil. Spunlace composites of polyester fiber and wood pulp have low resistance to water pressure and poor moisture and breathability, preventing sweat from being expelled in a timely manner, affecting wearing comfort. Polypropylene spunbond-meltblown-spunbond composite nonwovens, primarily made of polypropylene, are often treated with antioxidants and degradants. They also take a long time to degrade, are non-biodegradable, and release toxins, polluting the environment and land. Polymer-coated fabrics have poor moisture permeability, preventing the excretion of sweat, resulting in poor comfort and high cost. Polyethylene breathable film / nonwoven composites often have complex structures and need improvement in comfort.

[0003] In the prior art, research on materials for medical protective clothing includes the following: 1) A protective fabric comprising a barrier layer, an antistatic layer, a moisture-absorbing and antibacterial layer, and a unidirectional moisture-conducting layer stacked in sequence, prepared by dry-wet spinning. The protective clothing material in this patent is a composite structure consisting of a unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, an antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer, and a waterproof and breathable membrane; 2) A medical protective clothing fabric comprising a woven outer layer of conductive fiber, an electrospun pleated super-hydrophobic nanofiber membrane, and a woven inner layer of moisture-conducting fabric, the layers of fabric being bonded together using hot-melt adhesive and lamination technology; 3) A waterproof and breathable membrane comprising a hydrophilic layer and a hydrophobic layer, comprising a moisture-absorbing and expanding fiber layer 1, an adhesive 2, and a hydrophobic fiber layer 3, exhibiting certain unidirectional moisture-conducting properties. However, the prior art medical protective clothing materials generally suffer from poor wearing comfort and difficulty in degradation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop protective clothing materials with good moisture permeability and breathability and biodegradability to meet its application needs in medical and health fields.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a composite fiber-based protective material having good barrier and protection properties, air and moisture permeability, and good biodegradability.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the composite fiber-based protective material.

[0008] The present invention also provides application of the composite fiber-based protective material.

[0009] The first aspect of the present invention provides a composite fiber-based protective material, which includes: a unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, an antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer and a waterproof and breathable membrane stacked in sequence, the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane includes a hydrophobic fiber membrane and a hydrophilic fiber membrane sandwiched between the hydrophobic fiber membrane and the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and the average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is larger than the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane.

[0010] According to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, there are at least the following beneficial effects:

[0011] The composite fiber-based protective material described in the present invention comprises a structure composed of three layers: a unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, an antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and a waterproof and breathable membrane. The unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane comprises a hydrophilic fiber membrane and a hydrophobic fiber membrane. During use, the hydrophobic layer contacts the skin. Since the average pore size of the hydrophobic layer is larger than that of the hydrophilic layer, sweat is conducted from the hydrophobic layer to the hydrophilic layer under the action of the pore size gradient and the surface wettability gradient, which helps to keep the skin surface of medical staff dry and improve the wearing comfort of the clothing. The antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer contains antibacterial components and polymer water-absorbing materials, which provide the material with a certain antibacterial property while absorbing sweat and sweat vapor from the hydrophilic layer of the unidirectional moisture-conducting membrane and discharge it through the waterproof and breathable membrane.

[0012] The present invention utilizes electrostatic spinning technology to prepare fiber membranes. The fibers have the advantages of fine diameter, small pore size, and high porosity. They also have the advantages of a wide range of spinnable raw materials, a large specific surface area, and strong structural adjustability. They can give the material excellent barrier protection and air permeability and moisture permeability, and are also biodegradable and have a certain antibacterial effect. The addition of antibacterial components in the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer makes it have a certain antibacterial property against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and hemolytic Streptococcus.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane is the inner layer of the composite fiber-based protective material; the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer is the middle layer; and the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane is the outer layer. During use, the hydrophobic fiber membrane layer comes into contact with the skin.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 10 μm to 18 μm.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 1.0 μm to 2.3 μm.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the average pore size of the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane is 0.8 μm to 1.7 μm.

[0017] The average pore size refers to the average pore size before hot pressing, and the pore size can be controlled by hot pressing process parameters. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the total thickness of the composite fiber-based protective material is 20 mm to 32 mm.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane of the material of the present invention is 30 μm to 50 μm.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer of the material of the present invention is 20 mm to 30 mm.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane of the material of the present invention has a thickness of 10 μm to 30 μm.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane is produced by an electrospinning process using a hydrophobic fiber layer and a hydrophilic fiber layer stacked in sequence.

[0022] Among them, the one-way moisture-conducting membrane is a hydrophilic layer directly spun on the hydrophobic layer through electrospinning technology, and then it is subjected to a hot pressing process together with the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer and the waterproof and breathable membrane to obtain the final composite fiber-based protective material.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material for preparing the hydrophilic fiber membrane includes at least one of polyglycolide (PGA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polylysine.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the electrospinning process, the solvent for preparing the hydrophilic fiber layer is selected from at least one of acetone, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the raw material for preparing the hydrophilic fiber membrane is polyglycolide, the solvent is at least one of acetone and chloroform.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the raw material for preparing the hydrophilic fiber membrane is polyhydroxyalkanoate, the solvent is at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the raw material for preparing the hydrophilic fiber membrane is polyvinyl alcohol, the solvent is at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the raw material for preparing the hydrophilic fiber membrane is polylysine, the solvent is ethanol.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the spinning solution concentration of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 6 wt % to 14 wt %.

[0030] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material for preparing the hydrophobic fiber membrane includes at least one of polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL).

[0031] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the electrospinning process, the solvent for preparing the hydrophobic fiber layer is selected from at least one of chloroform, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone.

[0032] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the raw material for preparing the hydrophobic fiber membrane is polylactic acid, the solvent is at least one of chloroform, dichloromethane, and N,N-dimethylformamide.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the raw material for preparing the hydrophobic fiber membrane is polycaprolactone, the solvent is at least one of acetone and dichloromethane.

[0034] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the spinning solution concentration of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 12 wt% to 18 wt%.

[0035] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane specifically comprises the following steps:

[0036] The raw materials are dissolved in corresponding solvents to obtain spinning solutions, a hydrophobic fiber layer is prepared by an electrospinning process, and then a hydrophilic fiber layer is prepared on the hydrophobic fiber layer by an electrospinning process. The hydrophobic fiber layer and the hydrophilic fiber layer are stacked in sequence by hot pressing to obtain the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane.

[0037] The bottom layer is a hydrophobic fiber membrane, and the hydrophilic fiber membrane is spun on the hydrophobic fiber membrane as the outer layer.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present invention, glossy paper is used as the spinning receiving substrate in the preparation of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane.

[0039] According to some embodiments of the present invention, after the electrospinning operation, the process further includes placing the spun fiber membrane for a period of time to volatilize the residual solvent.

[0040] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electrospinning parameters of the hydrophilic fiber membrane include: voltage 45kV~50kV, receiving distance 20cm~25m, perfusion rate 1mL / h~2mL / h, temperature 25℃~27℃, and relative humidity 40%~45%.

[0041] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electrospinning parameters of the hydrophobic fiber membrane include: voltage 45kV~50kV, receiving distance 20cm~24cm, perfusion rate 3mL / h~4mL / h, temperature 25℃~27℃, and relative humidity 80%~85%.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the present invention, raw materials for preparing the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane include a polymer matrix and a hydrophobic agent.

[0043] According to some embodiments of the invention, the polymer matrix comprises at least one of polyglycolic acid (PGA) and cellulose acetate.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the solvent of the polymer matrix is ​​at least one of hexafluoroisopropanol, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.

[0045] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the polymer is polyglycolic acid, the solvent is hexafluoroisopropanol.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the polymer is cellulose-derived polyurethane, the solvent is at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.

[0047] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrophobic agent includes at least one of polymethylhydrogensiloxane (PDMS), polydimethylsiloxane or (PMHS) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS).

[0048] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the polymer to the hydrophobic agent is 3:7 to 6:4.

[0049] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the total mass fraction of the hydrophobic agent and the polymer in the spinning solution is 15 wt % to 20 wt %.

[0050] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane is made by an electrospinning process.

[0051] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane specifically comprises the following steps:

[0052] The polymer matrix and the hydrophobic agent are respectively dissolved in corresponding solvents, mixed and stirred to obtain a spinning solution, and the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane is prepared by electrospinning technology.

[0053] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electrospinning parameters include: voltage 16kV to 22kV, receiving distance 20cm to 24cm, perfusion rate 1mL / h to 2mL / h, temperature 45°C to 65°C, and relative humidity 65% ​​to 85%.

[0054] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer include an antibacterial agent and a high-molecular water-absorbing material.

[0055] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the antibacterial agent is selected from at least one of lysozyme, nisin, nano zinc oxide, propolis, gallnut extract, polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride and potato starch composite.

[0056] Among them, nisin, propolis and gallnut extract are natural antibacterial agents, and the composite of polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride and potato starch is a synthetic antibacterial agent. The antibacterial agents used in the present invention are all biodegradable, can reduce pollution to the environment, and achieve the effect of protecting the environment.

[0057] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the polymer water-absorbing material includes at least one of a polyamino acid-based super absorbent material, a modified chitin powder, a cellulose-based super absorbent material, a sodium alginate-based super absorbent material, and a chitosan-based super absorbent material.

[0058] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the modified chitosan powder is hydrophilically modified, and the chitosan is modified by grafting a hydrophilic monomer, wherein the hydrophilic monomer may be at least one of methyl methacrylate and L-lactic acid.

[0059] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer specifically comprises the following steps:

[0060] The antibacterial agent and the high molecular water-absorbing material are mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a suspension, which is then subjected to ultrasonic treatment and freeze-dried to obtain the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer.

[0061] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the stirring time is 5 hours to 8 hours.

[0062] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the suspension is further washed with a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and water before being formed, and after washing, it is redispersed in ultrapure water to obtain a suspension.

[0063] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ultrasonic treatment frequency is 45 kHz to 70 kHz.

[0064] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ultrasonic treatment power is 15W to 20W.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ultrasonic treatment time is 10 min to 30 min.

[0066] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ultrasonic treatment temperature is 35°C to 40°C.

[0067] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ultrasonic treatment further comprises placing the sample in a refrigerator for freezing, and then placing the frozen sample in a freeze dryer for freeze drying.

[0068] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the freeze-drying temperature is -40°C to -30°C.

[0069] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the freeze-drying time is 24 hours to 28 hours.

[0070] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the composite fiber-based protective material, the method comprising the following steps:

[0071] The composite fiber-based protective material is prepared by laminating the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane.

[0072] According to the second aspect of the present invention, there are at least the following beneficial effects:

[0073] In the preparation of the material of the present invention, the layers are combined by hot pressing. The lamination technology is to stack two or more fabrics or membrane materials layer by layer, use adhesives, pressurize and bond them together, and pressurize them with a hot press to form a composite fabric. Although the moisture permeability and air permeability will decrease and the water pressure resistance will increase as the amount of adhesive increases, when the surface density of the adhesive is 12g / m 2 ~20g / m 2 When the pressure is too high, there are more micropores for gas to pass through, the air permeability is better, and its water pressure resistance shows an upward trend.

[0074] Lamination technology will increase its peel strength and have better mechanical properties. There will be no delamination during use, and there is no need to consider compatibility issues between the layers in advance.

[0075] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the inner layer is a unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, the middle layer is an antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and the outer layer is a waterproof and breathable membrane; wherein the hydrophobic fiber membrane layer in the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane contacts the skin.

[0076] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pressing temperature of the lamination process is 100°C to 150°C.

[0077] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pressing time of the lamination process is 20s to 30s.

[0078] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the adhesive used in the lamination process includes at least one of a polyacrylic adhesive and a polyurethane hot melt adhesive.

[0079] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the surface density of the adhesive is 12 g / m 2 ~20g / m 2 .

[0080] When the surface density of the adhesive is 12g / m 2 ~20g / m 2 When the surface density is 200 nm, the micropores through which gas can pass are more, the air permeability is better, and the water pressure resistance shows an upward trend, wherein the surface density refers to the mass of the adhesive per unit area.

[0081] A third aspect of the present invention provides a medical protective suit, the material of which includes the above-mentioned composite fiber-based protective material.

[0082] According to the third aspect of the present invention, there are at least the following beneficial effects:

[0083] When the material prepared in the present invention is used by medical staff in a high temperature and high humidity environment, sweat can be spontaneously transferred from the hydrophobic layer of the unidirectional moisture-conducting membrane to the hydrophilic layer; then the sweat is adsorbed by the capillary force of the polymer water-absorbing material in the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer. During this process, water molecules interact with the hydrophilic groups of the polymer water-absorbing material through hydrogen bonds. As the amount of sweat absorbed increases, the osmotic pressure difference of the polymer water-absorbing material tends to zero. While expanding, the elastic contraction force also increases, reaching a water absorption balance. Therefore, part of the sweat will first be stored in the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and part of the sweat will be slowly evaporated. The slowly evaporated part of the sweat will be discharged through the waterproof and breathable membrane, keeping the skin dry, thereby giving the material excellent comfort.

[0084] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The same or similar reference numerals throughout the embodiments represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0086] In the description of the present invention, if there is a description of first, second, etc., it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0087] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientation, such as the orientation or positional relationship indicated by up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the embodiment, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0088] The terms "preferably," "more preferably," and the like, used herein refer to embodiments of the present invention that may provide certain benefits under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may also be preferred under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, nor is it intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the present invention.

[0089] When a numerical range is disclosed herein, the range is considered continuous and includes the minimum and maximum values ​​of the range, as well as every value between such minimum and maximum values. Further, when a range refers to an integer, every integer between the minimum and maximum values ​​of the range is included. In addition, when multiple ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, the ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise indicated, all ranges disclosed herein are understood to include any and all subranges subsumed therein.

[0090] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.

[0091] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the art.

[0092] The reagents and equipment used in the present invention include:

[0093] The equipment is as follows:

[0094] Hot press: Model: 300mm*500mm Manufacturer: Tianjin Norexinda Technology Co., Ltd.

[0095] Electrospinning machine: Model: XES-N SN-MS-9D Manufacturer: China SOF Nano Technology Co., Ltd.

[0096] Magnetic stirrer: Model: SN-MS-9D Manufacturer: Shanghai Shangpu Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0097] Electronic balance: Model: FA324C Manufacturer: Shanghai Hengji Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0098] Vacuum drying oven: Model: DZF-6050 Manufacturer: Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0099] Electric blast drying oven: Model: DHG-9070A Manufacturer: Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0100] Digital fabric water permeability tester: Model: YG825E Manufacturer: Ningbo Textile Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0101] Moisture Permeability Tester: Model: YG601H Manufacturer: Ningbo Textile Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0102] Faraday cup: Model: YG403 Manufacturer: Dongguan Bolide Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0103] The reagents are as follows:

[0104] Polylysine: molecular weight: 1.4619 million Shandong Yatu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0105] Polylactic acid: molecular weight: 1.1 million Shanghai Puzhen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0106] Polycaprolactone: molecular weight: 1,141,424,000 Suzhou Qihang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0107] Acetone: CAS: 67-64-1;

[0108] Chloroform: CAS: 67-66-3;

[0109] N,N-dimethylformamide: CAS: 41085-99-8;

[0110] N,N-Dimethylacetamide: CAS: 127-19-5

[0111] Dimethyl sulfoxide: CAS: 67-68-5;

[0112] Polylactic acid (PLA): CAS: 31852-84-3;

[0113] Polycaprolactone (PCL): CAS: 24980-41-4;

[0114] HDTMS:CAS:16415-12-6;

[0115] Chloroform: CAS: 67-66-3;

[0116] Dichloromethane: CAS: 75-09-2.

[0117] Example 1

[0118] This embodiment provides a composite fiber-based protective material, and the specific preparation method steps are as follows:

[0119] S1: Preparation of unidirectional moisture-conducting electrospinning solution: 9 g of polylactic acid was dissolved in 51 g of N, N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 15 wt%, and the solution was stirred evenly for 15 h until it was uniformly stirred to prepare a hydrophobic fiber membrane solution; 6 g of cellulose acetate was dissolved in 54 g of N, N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 10 wt%, and the solution was stirred evenly for 15 h until it was uniformly stirred to prepare a hydrophilic fiber membrane solution.

[0120] S2: Electrospinning: Using glossy paper as a receiving substrate, the prepared hydrophobic electrospinning solution was used as the bottom layer to electrospin a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane at a voltage of 45 kV, a receiving distance of 20 cm, a perfusion rate of 3 mL / h, a temperature of 25°C, and a relative humidity of 80%. The spun hydrophobic nanofiber membrane was then allowed to stand for a period of time to evaporate the residual solvent. The hydrophilic electrospinning solution was then spun as the outer layer onto the completed nanofiber membrane at a voltage of 45 kV, a receiving distance of 20 cm, a perfusion rate of 1 mL / h, a temperature of 25°C, and a relative humidity of 40%. The resulting double-layer nanofiber membrane was placed in a drying oven for 2 hours to remove residual solvent. The average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane was 12 μm, and the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane was 1.3 μm.

[0121] S3: Spinning waterproof and breathable membrane: Polyglycolic acid (Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) and PDMS (Huangshan Qiangli Chemical Co., Ltd.) were dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol in a mass ratio of 3:7 to prepare a 15wt% electrospinning solution. Glossy paper was used as the receiving substrate, and the prepared electrospinning solution was electrospun into a waterproof and breathable membrane. The spun waterproof and breathable membrane was then placed for a period of time to evaporate the residual solvent. The voltage was 16kV, the receiving distance was 20cm, the perfusion rate was 1mL / h, the temperature was 45℃, and the relative humidity was 65%. The average pore size of the waterproof and breathable membrane was 0.8μm.

[0122] S4: 13 mg of lysozyme and 1 wt% of a polyamino acid superabsorbent material (Renqiu Fenghui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were dissolved in water, mixed thoroughly, stirred at room temperature for 6 h, and washed with a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and water. After washing, the suspension was redispersed in ultrapure water to form a suspension. The suspension was ultrasonicated at a frequency of 45 kHz, a power of 20 W, an ultrasonic irradiation time of 10 min, and an ultrasonic temperature of 35°C to form a uniformly dispersed dispersion. The suspension was then placed in a refrigerator for freezing, and the frozen sample was placed in a freeze dryer and freeze-dried at -40°C for 24 h to form a gel as an antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer.

[0123] S5: The spun one-way moisture-conducting film, antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and waterproof and breathable film are pressed in sequence at a pressing temperature of 100°C using a polyacrylic acid adhesive in a hot press for 22 seconds to form a composite fiber-based protective material.

[0124] Example 2

[0125] This embodiment provides a composite fiber-based protective material, and the specific preparation method steps are as follows:

[0126] S1: Preparation of unidirectional moisture-conducting electrospinning solution: 9.6 g of polycaprolactone was dissolved in 50.4 g of acetone to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 16 wt%, and the solution was stirred evenly for 16 h until it was uniformly stirred to prepare a hydrophobic fiber membrane solution; 7.2 g of cellulose acetate was dissolved in 52.8 g of N, N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 12 wt%, and the solution was stirred evenly for 18 h until it was uniformly stirred to prepare a hydrophilic fiber membrane solution.

[0127] S2: Perform electrospinning: Use glossy paper as the receiving substrate, and use the prepared hydrophobic electrospinning solution as the bottom layer to electrospin a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane. The voltage is 47kV, the receiving distance is 22cm, the perfusion rate is 3mL / h, the temperature is 26℃, and the relative humidity is 83%. The spun hydrophobic nanofiber membrane is then placed for a period of time to evaporate the residual solvent. The hydrophilic electrospinning solution is then spun as the outer layer on the above-mentioned completed nanofiber membrane. The voltage is 46kV, the receiving distance is 22cm, the perfusion rate is 3mL / h, the temperature is 26℃, and the relative humidity is 82%. The spun double-layer nanofiber membrane is placed in a drying oven for drying for 2h to remove the residual solvent. The average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 11μm, and the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 1.2μm.

[0128] S3: Spinning waterproof and breathable membrane: polyglycolic acid and PMHS were dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol in a mass ratio of 5:5 to prepare a 17wt% electrospinning solution, and glossy paper was used as the receiving substrate. The prepared electrospinning solution was electrospun into a waterproof and breathable membrane. The spun waterproof and breathable membrane was then placed for a period of time to evaporate the residual solvent. The voltage was 18kV, the receiving distance was 20cm, the perfusion rate was 1mL / h, the temperature was 55℃, and the relative humidity was 75%. The average pore size of the waterproof and breathable membrane was 1.1μm.

[0129] S4: 10 wt% nisin and 1 wt% chitosan-based superabsorbent material (Renqiu Fenghui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were dissolved in water, mixed thoroughly, and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. The mixture was then washed with a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and water. After washing, the suspension was redispersed in ultrapure water to form a suspension. The resulting suspension was ultrasonically treated at a frequency of 46 kHz, a power of 20 W, an irradiation time of 15 minutes, and a temperature of 40°C to form a uniform dispersion. The sample was then placed in a freeze dryer and freeze-dried at -35°C for 26 hours to form a gel that served as an antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer.

[0130] S5: The spun one-way moisture-conducting film, antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and waterproof and breathable film are sequentially pressed in a hot press at a pressing temperature of 105°C for 25 seconds using a polyacrylic acid adhesive to form a composite fiber-based protective material.

[0131] Example 3

[0132] This embodiment provides a composite fiber-based protective material, and the specific preparation method steps are as follows:

[0133] S1: Preparation of unidirectional moisture-conducting electrospinning solution: dissolve 10.8 g of polylactic acid in 49.2 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 18 wt%, and stir it evenly for 18 hours until it is uniformly stirred to prepare a hydrophobic fiber membrane solution; dissolve 5.4 g of polylysine in 54.6 g of ethanol to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 9 wt%, and stir it evenly for 15 hours until it is uniformly stirred to prepare a hydrophilic fiber membrane solution.

[0134] S2: Perform electrospinning: Use glossy paper as the receiving substrate, and use the prepared hydrophobic electrospinning solution as the bottom layer to electrospin a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane. The voltage is 47kV, the receiving distance is 21cm, the perfusion rate is 4mL / h, the temperature is 25℃, and the relative humidity is 85%. After that, the spun hydrophobic nanofiber membrane is placed for a period of time to evaporate the residual solvent, and the hydrophilic electrospinning solution is spun as the outer layer on the above-mentioned completed nanofiber membrane. The voltage is 48kV, the receiving distance is 24cm, the perfusion rate is 3.5mL / h, the temperature is 25℃, and the relative humidity is 81%. The spun double-layer nanofiber membrane is placed in a drying oven for drying for 2h to remove the residual solvent. The average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 16μm, and the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 2.1μm.

[0135] S3: Spinning waterproof and breathable membrane: Cellulose acetate (Wuhan Xingzhongcheng Technology Co., Ltd.) and HDTMS were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide in a mass ratio of 5:5 to prepare a 20wt% electrospinning solution. Glossy paper was used as the receiving substrate, and the prepared electrospinning solution was electrospun into a waterproof and breathable membrane. The spun waterproof and breathable membrane was then placed for a period of time to evaporate the residual solvent. The voltage was 21kV, the receiving distance was 23cm, the perfusion rate was 1.5mL / h, the temperature was 50℃, and the relative humidity was 85%. The average pore size of the waterproof and breathable membrane was 1.4μm.

[0136] S4: 17 mg of nano zinc oxide (Hangzhou Zheming New Materials Co., Ltd.) and 10 mg of methyl methacrylate modified chitin powder were dissolved in NaOH, and then formaldehyde crosslinking agent was added. The mixture was thoroughly mixed and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. The mixture was washed with a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and water. After washing, the mixture was redispersed in ultrapure water to form a suspension. The obtained suspension was ultrasonicated at an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz, a power of 20 W, an ultrasonic irradiation time of 20 minutes, and an ultrasonic temperature of 35°C to form a uniformly dispersed dispersion. The suspension was placed in a refrigerator for freezing, and the frozen sample was then placed in a freeze dryer and freeze-dried at -30°C for 24 hours to form a gel as an antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer.

[0137] S5: The spun one-way moisture-conducting film, antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and waterproof and breathable film are sequentially pressed in a hot press at a pressing temperature of 105°C for 30 seconds using a polyacrylic acid adhesive to form a composite fiber-based protective material.

[0138] Comparative Example 1

[0139] This comparative example provides a composite fiber-based material, and the specific preparation method thereof is as follows:

[0140] S1: Preparation of unidirectional moisture-conducting electrospinning solution: dissolve polylactic acid in N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 18wt%, and stir it evenly for 20h until it is uniform, so as to prepare a hydrophobic fiber membrane solution; dissolve polylysine in ethanol to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 9wt%, and stir it evenly for 19h until it is uniform, so as to prepare a hydrophilic fiber membrane solution.

[0141] S2: Perform electrospinning: Use glossy paper as the receiving substrate, and use the prepared hydrophobic electrospinning solution as the bottom layer to electrospin a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane with a voltage of 45kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, a perfusion rate of 3mL / h, a temperature of 25℃, and a relative humidity of 85%. After that, the spun hydrophobic nanofiber membrane is placed for a period of time to evaporate the residual solvent, and the hydrophilic electrospinning solution is spun as the outer layer on the above-mentioned completed nanofiber membrane with a voltage of 48kV, a receiving distance of 24cm, a perfusion rate of 3.5mL / h, a temperature of 25℃, and a relative humidity of 81%. The spun double-layer nanofiber membrane is placed in a drying oven for drying for 2h to remove the residual solvent.

[0142] S3: Dissolve 17mg of nanoparticles and 10mg of modified chitin powder in NaOH, add formaldehyde crosslinker, mix thoroughly, stir at room temperature for 6h, wash with a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and water, and redisperse in ultrapure water to form a suspension. The suspension is ultrasonicated at a frequency of 40kHz, a power of 20W, an ultrasonic irradiation time of 20min, and an ultrasonic temperature of 35°C to form a uniform dispersion. The sample is then placed in a freeze dryer and freeze-dried at -30°C for 24h to form a gel as an antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer.

[0143] S4: The spun one-way moisture-conducting membrane and the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer are sequentially laminated to form a composite fiber-based material.

[0144] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that no waterproof and breathable membrane is prepared. The performance test of the prepared composite material shows that its water resistance is significantly reduced to 56 kPa and the moisture permeability is 11000 g / m 2 / d.

[0145] Comparative Example 2

[0146] This comparative example provides a composite fiber-based material, and the specific preparation method thereof is as follows:

[0147] S1: Preparation of unidirectional moisture-conducting electrospinning solution: dissolve polylactic acid in N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 18wt%, and stir it evenly for 20h until it is uniform, so as to prepare a hydrophobic fiber membrane solution; dissolve polylysine in ethanol to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 9wt%, and stir it evenly for 19h until it is uniform, so as to prepare a hydrophilic fiber membrane solution.

[0148] S2: Perform electrospinning: Use glossy paper as the receiving substrate, and use the prepared hydrophobic electrospinning solution as the bottom layer to electrospin a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane, with a voltage of 45kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, an infusion rate of 3mL / h, a temperature of 25℃, and a relative humidity of 85%. After that, the spun hydrophobic nanofiber membrane is placed for a period of time to evaporate the residual solvent, and the hydrophilic electrospinning solution is spun as the outer layer on the above-mentioned completed nanofiber membrane, with a voltage of 45kV, a receiving distance of 24cm, an infusion rate of 3mL / h, a temperature of 25℃, and a relative humidity of 80%. The spun double-layer nanofiber membrane is placed in a drying oven for drying for 2 hours to remove the residual solvent.

[0149] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that only a unidirectional moisture-conducting film is used. The performance test of the prepared material is carried out. There is no antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer and no antibacterial component. Not only can the antibacterial requirements of the national standard not be met, but the growth and reproduction of bacteria will cause itching and red spots when contacting human skin, which will affect the comfort to a certain extent. Moreover, its moisture permeability is only 12100g / m 2 / d, the water permeability is 35kPa, and the blood penetration resistance cannot reach the level 5 standard, which is far lower than the moisture permeability and water permeability of the three-layer structure.

[0150] Comparative Example 3

[0151] This comparative example provides a composite fiber-based material, and the specific preparation method thereof is as follows:

[0152] S1: Spinning a waterproof and breathable membrane: dissolving cellulose-derived polyurethane and a fluorine-free waterproofing agent in a mass ratio of 5:5 in N,N-dimethylformamide to prepare a 20 wt% electrospinning solution.

[0153] S2: Use glossy paper as the receiving substrate, and electrospin the prepared electrospinning solution into a waterproof and breathable membrane. After the membrane is placed for a period of time to evaporate the residual solvent, the voltage is 21kV, the receiving distance is 23cm, the perfusion rate is 1.5mL / h, the temperature is 50℃, and the relative humidity is 85% to obtain the final material.

[0154] This comparative example only uses a waterproof and breathable membrane. The performance test of the prepared composite material shows that its water permeability is 78kPa, which is poorer than the original three-layer composite structure. The moisture permeability is 9700g / m 2 / d, and there is no antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer and no antibacterial ingredients, which cannot meet the antibacterial requirements of national standards.

[0155] Test Case

[0156] The performance of the composite fiber-based protective materials prepared in Examples 1 to 3 was tested respectively.

[0157] The performance test methods and standards used in this test case are as follows:

[0158] Water resistance: As a primary indicator of waterproof performance, this test measures the resistance water encounters when passing through a fabric, measured by the hydrostatic pressure it withstands. This test is conducted in accordance with the relevant testing standards of the national standard GB / T 4744-2013.

[0159] The specific steps are as follows: cut out three 18×18 cm square sample fiber membranes from the sample fiber membrane, place them on the disc position of the hydrostatic pressure tester, cover them with a black cloth, tighten the ring to compress the fiber membrane, set the parameter to 6000 Pa / min and start the test. Stop the test when the third drop of water appears on the black cloth, record the value, replace the fiber membrane for testing, and after the test is completed, take the average of the three test results, which is the hydrostatic pressure resistance value of the fiber membrane.

[0160] Moisture permeability: The test is carried out in accordance with the relevant test standards of the national standard "GB / T 12704-2009".

[0161] The specific steps are as follows: first pour about 34mL of deionized water into the moisture permeable cup, cut the sample fiber membrane into a fiber membrane of the same size as the moisture permeable cup, place the fiber membrane on the moisture permeable cup (hydrophobic layer facing down), put on the rubber ring and gasket and fix it with a nut. After fixing, set the instrument parameters: humidity is 50%, constant temperature is 38℃, and air flow speed is 0.44m / s. When the humidity and temperature in the constant temperature box meet the requirements, put in the moisture permeable cup, balance in the constant temperature box for 1 hour, quickly weigh the weight of the moisture permeable cup, record it as m1, then immediately put it into the test instrument for 1 hour, weigh the weight of the moisture permeable cup again, record it as m2. Finally, according to the moisture permeability flux formula Calculate the moisture permeability of each fiber membrane. (WVT in the formula represents the moisture permeability per square meter per day, kg / m 2 ·d;S(m 2 ) represents the area of ​​the fiber membrane during the test (0.00283m 2), Δm(g) represents the mass difference of the same fiber membrane, and t(h) represents the testing time of the fiber membrane.

[0162] Blood penetration resistance: The test is conducted according to the relevant test standards of the national standard "GB 19082-2009". The surface tension is (42~60)*10 -5 N / cm synthetic blood CTWEEN-80, minimum sample size 75mm×75mm, 60mL synthetic blood was introduced into the measurement cell, left for 5min, and 13.8*10 3 The pressure of pa (2psi) is continuously applied for 1 minute, and the surface penetration is observed after 5 minutes. It meets the requirements of having good blood barrier properties, no leakage, and good biological properties, that is, meeting the requirements of GB19082-2009.

[0163] Surface moisture resistance: The relevant test standards of the national standard "GB / T 4745-1997" are adopted.

[0164] The specific steps are as follows: take at least 180mm samples from different parts of the material, adjust the humidity for at least 24 hours under specified atmospheric conditions, clamp the sample with a sample holder, place it on a support with the front side facing up, inject 250mL of water into the funnel, and continue to water it. When the watering stops, remove the holder together with the sample, and the fabric is facing down and almost horizontal. Tap it lightly twice with a hard object. After tapping, the sample is still in the holder and rated according to the observed degree of wetness of the sample.

[0165] Electrostatic performance: The test is conducted in accordance with the relevant test standards of the national standard "GB / T 12703-1991". The sample is rubbed with a nylon standard cloth in a specific manner under specified conditions, and the charge is measured using a Faraday cup. The charge surface density (μC / m 2 ).

[0166] Total bacterial colony count: This is performed using the relevant test standards of the national standard "GB 15979-2002." After the saline sample is allowed to settle naturally, the supernatant is collected for colony count. Five plates are inoculated, with 1 mL of sample added to each. Then, 15-20 mL of melted nutrient agar, cooled to approximately 45°C, is poured into each plate and mixed evenly. After the agar solidifies, the plates are inverted and incubated at 35°C for 48 hours. The number of colonies on the plates is then counted.

[0167] Antibacterial rate: The relevant testing standards of the national standard "GB 15979-2002" are adopted.

[0168] The 24-hour slant culture of the test bacteria was washed with PBS and a bacterial suspension was prepared (the required concentration was: 100 μL was dropped on the control sample, and the number of recovered bacteria was 1*10 4~9*10 4 cfu / piece). Take 4 test pieces (2.0cm*3.0cm) and 4 control pieces (same material and size as the test piece, but without antimicrobial material, and sterilized), divide them into 4 groups and place them in 4 sterilized plates. Take the above bacterial solution and add 100μL to each test piece and control piece respectively, evenly distribute it. Start timing for 2, 5, 10, and 20 minutes. Use sterile tweezers to place the sample pieces into a test tube containing 5mL of the corresponding neutralizer and mix thoroughly. Make appropriate dilutions. Then, take 0.5mL of 2-3 dilutions and place them on two plates. Pour 15mL of nutrient agar medium (bacteria) or Shamin agar medium (mother bacteria) cooled to 40-45℃. Rotate the plate to fully homogenize and solidify the fat, then flip the plate. Incubate at 35℃±2℃ for 48h (bacteria) or 72h (yeast) and count the viable colonies. The test was repeated three times, and the inhibition rate was calculated according to the formula: X = (AB) / A*100%.

[0169] Coliform testing method: Inoculate 5mL of the sample into a 50mL lactose-bile salt fermentation tube and incubate at 35°C ± 2°C for 24 hours. If neither acid nor gas is produced, report the sample as negative for coliforms. If acid or gas is produced, streak the sample onto an eosin-methylene blue agar plate and incubate at 35°C ± 2°C for 18-24 hours. Observe the colony morphology on the plate. Typical coliform colonies are dark purple or reddish purple, round, with neat edges, a smooth, moist surface, and often a metallic luster. Some colonies may be purple-black with no or a slight metallic luster, or pink with a darker center. Gram stain one or two suspected coliform colonies for microscopic examination. Simultaneously, inoculate the sample into a lactose-bile salt fermentation tube and incubate at 35°C ± 2°C for 24 hours. Observe for gas production. If the lactose-bile salt fermentation tube produces acid and gas, the lactose fermentation tube produces acid and gas, and typical coliform colonies are present on the eosin-methylene blue agar plate, and the Gram stain is negative and lacks bacilli, report the sample as positive for E. coli.

[0170] Staphylococcus aureus detection method: Take 5 mL of the sample solution and add it to 50SCDLP culture medium. Mix thoroughly and incubate at 35°C ± 2°C for 24 hours. Take one to two loopfuls of the enrichment solution and streak onto blood agar. Incubate at 35°C ± 2°C for 24 to 48 hours. On the blood agar plate, the bacterial colonies will be golden yellow, large, raised, round, opaque, smooth, and surrounded by a hemolytic zone. If suspicious colonies grow on the agar plate and microscopic examination confirms Gram-positive Staphylococci, the sample can be reported as containing Staphylococcus aureus, and the sample can ferment mannitol to produce acid and has a positive plasma coagulase test.

[0171] Hemolytic Streptococcus Detection Method: Add 5 mL of the sample solution to 50 mL of glucose broth and incubate at 35°C ± 2°C for 24 hours. Streak the culture onto a blood agar plate and incubate at 35°C ± 2°C for 24 hours to observe the colony characteristics. Hemolytic Streptococci appear off-white, translucent or opaque on the blood agar plate, with needle-like projections, a smooth surface, neat edges, and a surrounding colorless, transparent hemolytic zone. Microscopic examination reveals Gram-positive, chain-like cocci, hemolytic zones on the blood agar plate, and positive streptokinase and bacillikin tests, indicating the presence of hemolytic Streptococci in the sample.

[0172] Filtration efficiency: Based on the relevant test standards of the national standard "GB 19082-2009", it is the percentage of particulate matter filtered out by the protective clothing under specified conditions. It should be used in an environment with a relative humidity of 30% ± 10% and a temperature of 25℃ ± 5℃ for chlorinated aerosols or similar solid aerosols [particle median diameter (CMD)1: 0.075μm ± 0.020μm; standard deviation of particle distribution: ≤ 1.86; concentration ≤ 200mg / m 3 The air flow rate is set to 15L / min±2L / min, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the air flow is 100cm 2 .

[0173] Table 1 Performance test results of composite fiber-based protective materials prepared in Examples 1 to 3

[0174] According to the results in Table 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the present invention cannot achieve its protective, comfortable, and antibacterial properties if any of these layers are missing. For example, the unidirectional moisture-conducting membrane in the material allows sweat to spontaneously flow from the hydrophobic layer to the hydrophilic layer, keeping the skin dry and reducing discomfort caused by sweat accumulation. The antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer not only provides antibacterial properties but also absorbs sweat and sweat vapor from the unidirectional moisture-conducting layer, further improving wearing comfort. The waterproof and breathable membrane layer not only improves the material's waterproofness and blood permeability, giving it better protection, but also transfers sweat vapor from the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, ensuring the material's moisture permeability and breathability.

[0175] The composite fiber-based protective material prepared in this embodiment of the present invention demonstrated excellent performance in various tests, including water permeability, moisture permeability, blood penetration resistance, surface moisture resistance, electrostatic properties, antibacterial rate, and filtration efficiency, meeting standards. Therefore, the composite fiber-based protective material prepared in this invention, which combines a unidirectional moisture-conducting membrane, an antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and a waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane through hot stamping, exhibits excellent moisture and air permeability, antibacterial properties, and biodegradability.

[0176] While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Various modifications may be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by a person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof may be combined with one another unless there is a conflict.

Claims

1. A composite fiber-based protective material, characterized in that: The composite fiber-based protective material includes: a unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, an antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer and a waterproof and breathable membrane stacked in sequence, the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane includes a hydrophobic fiber membrane and a hydrophilic fiber membrane sandwiched between the hydrophobic fiber membrane and the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and the average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is greater than the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane.

2. The composite fiber-based protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 10μm to 18μm; preferably, the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 1.0μm to 2.3μm; preferably, the average pore size of the waterproof and breathable membrane is 0.8μm to 1.7μm; preferably, the thickness of the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer is 20mm to 30mm.

3. The composite fiber-based protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total thickness of the composite fiber-based protective material is 20 mm to 32 mm; preferably, the thickness of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane is 30 μm to 50 μm; preferably, the thickness of the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer is 20 mm to 30 mm; preferably, the thickness of the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane is 10 μm to 30 μm.

4. The composite fiber-based protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane is prepared by an electrospinning process of sequentially stacking a hydrophobic fiber layer and a hydrophilic fiber layer; preferably, the raw material for preparing the hydrophilic fiber membrane includes at least one of polyglycolide, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyvinyl alcohol and polylysine; preferably, the raw material for preparing the hydrophobic fiber membrane includes at least one of polylactic acid and polycaprolactone; preferably, in the electrospinning process, the solvent for preparing the hydrophilic fiber layer is selected from at least one of acetone, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide; preferably, the spinning solution concentration of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 6wt% to 14wt%; preferably, the raw material for preparing the hydrophobic fiber membrane includes at least one of polylactic acid and polycaprolactone; preferably, the solvent for preparing the hydrophobic fiber layer includes at least one of chloroform, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone; preferably, the spinning solution concentration of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 12wt% to 18wt%.

5. The composite fiber-based protective material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electrospinning parameters of the hydrophilic fiber layer include: voltage 45kV~50kV, receiving distance 20cm~25m, perfusion speed 1mL / h~2mL / h, temperature 25℃~27℃, and relative humidity 40%~45%; preferably, the electrospinning parameters of the hydrophobic fiber layer include: voltage 45kV~50kV, receiving distance 20cm~24cm, perfusion speed 3mL / h~4mL / h, temperature 25℃~27℃, and relative humidity 80%~85%.

6. The composite fiber-based protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the waterproof and breathable membrane include a polymer matrix and a hydrophobic agent; preferably, the polymer matrix is ​​selected from at least one of polyglycolic acid and cellulose acetate; preferably, the solvent of the polymer matrix is ​​at least one of hexafluoroisopropanol, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran; preferably, the hydrophobic agent is selected from at least one of polymethylhydrogensiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane or hexadecyltrimethoxysilane; preferably, the mass ratio of the polymer to the hydrophobic agent is 3:7 to 6:4; preferably, the waterproof and breathable membrane is made by an electrospinning process; preferably, the parameters of the electrospinning include: voltage 16kV to 22kV, receiving distance 20cm to 24cm, infusion speed 1mL / h to 2mL / h, temperature 45℃ to 65℃, and relative humidity 65% ​​to 85%.

7. The composite fiber-based protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer include an antibacterial agent and a polymer water-absorbing material; preferably, the antibacterial agent is selected from at least one of lysozyme bacteria, nisin, nano zinc oxide, propolis, gallnut extract, polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride and potato starch composite; preferably, the polymer water-absorbing material is selected from at least one of polyamino acids, modified chitin, cellulose, sodium alginate or chitosan; preferably, the preparation method of the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer includes the following steps: mixing the antibacterial agent and the polymer water-absorbing material to obtain a suspension, performing ultrasonic treatment, and freeze-drying to obtain the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer.

8. A method for preparing a composite fiber-based protective material as claimed in claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: The unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and the waterproof and breathable membrane are stacked in sequence, and the composite fiber-based protective material is manufactured through a lamination process.

9. The method for preparing a composite fiber-based protective material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pressing temperature of the lamination process is 100-150°C; preferably, the pressing time of the lamination process is 20-30s; preferably, the lamination process also includes using an adhesive; preferably, the adhesive includes at least one of a polyacrylic adhesive and a polyurethane hot melt adhesive; preferably, the surface density of the adhesive is 12g / m 2 ~20g / m 2 .

10. A medical protective clothing, characterized in that: The material of the medical protective clothing includes the composite fiber-based protective material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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