Benzpyrimoxan for the control of mosquitos and other dipteran insects

Abstract

Methods and compositions for killing dipteran and hematophagous insect larvae, particularly the larvae of disease transmitting mosquitoes, are provided. The methods may include contacting dipteran larvae or mosquito larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. The presently disclosed methods and compositions exhibit good contact efficacy against mosquito populations that are highly resistant to insecticides, including those that are resistant to pyrethroids.

Description

BENZPYRIMOXAN FOR THE CONTROL OF MOSQUITOS AND OTHER DIPTERAN INSECTSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to German Application No. 10 2023 004 045.2, filed October 9, 2023, and titled ‘'Benzpyrimoxan for the Control of Mosquitos and Other Dipteran Insects,” the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference, for all purposes, in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to methods and compositions for controlling dipteran insects, such as mosquitoes and houseflies, particularly disease transmitting mosquitoes and dipteran insects. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to, among other embodiments, methods for controlling mosquito populations and / or killing mosquito larvae or pupae that involve the contacting of one or more mosquito larvae or pupae, or a mosquito breeding surface or aqueous mosquito breeding environment likely to be inhabited by mosquito larvae or pupae, with a larvicidal composition containing benzpyrimoxan.BACKGROUND

[0003] Hematophagous species of insects, such as mosquitos, black flies, sand flies, tsetse flies, ticks, lice, fleas, midges, assassin bugs, and triatomine bugs, are the principal arthropod vectors of disease due to their use of mouth parts and chemical agents to penetrate vascular structures in the skin of host animals to feed on their blood. In particular, hematophagous species of Diptera are implicated as especially important vectors in both biological and mechanical transmission of a wide range of diseases. Many flies serve as mechanical vectors of disease by picking up infectious agents on the outside of their bodies and transporting the infectious agent to an animal host where it transmits the agent to the host through physical contact. During mechanical transmission, insects become contaminated with a virus or otherpathogen during normal feeding behavior and the virus or pathogen persists on their mouthparts or body until the next feeding, thereby transmitting the virus or pathogen to a new host animal. On the other hand, other Dipteran species, such as mosquitos, sen e as biological vectors bynot only transporting pathogens but also playing a role in the life cycle of the pathogens which allows the pathogen to multiply within the body of the insect before being delivered to a new animal host.

[0004] Mosquitos can transmit diseases such as malaria, which is transmitted by different mosquitos of the Anopheline genus (such Anopheles gambiae or Anopheles funestus) or Zika virus, yellow fever, dengue fever, and chikungunya, which are transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus (e.g. Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus). An estimated 390 million people each year are infected with dengue virus with approximately half the world population living at risk. In 2017, approximately 97,400 people were infected with yellow fever, even though vaccination is available. Zika virus is widespread in 86 countries in tropical and subtropical areas and in 2017 2.2 million cases were reported. While targeted efforts to control Aedes aegypti, the major vector of these non-malarial diseases, have been deployed, including chemical protections against adults and larvae, larval source management, the release of sterile populations, and the use of Wolbachia-mhecteA mosquitos, the main methods of control of A. aegypti vectors in Asia remains heavily dependent on the use of larvicides.

[0005] Insecticide-treated bednets (ITN) and indoor residual sprays (IRS) have been developed to target adult disease-transmitting mosquitoes vector control and have contributed to a decrease in malaria cases of almost approximately 80% from 2000 to 2015. ITN and IRS are both interventions that target indoor biting and indoor resting mosquitos such as An. gambiae and Air. funestus . However, recently An. stephensi. an invasive species from the Asian continent, has established in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and is now spreading throughout the area. An. stephensi is considered an outdoor biting and outdoor resting mosquito which is notefficiently mitigated by indoor interventions like ITN and IRS. Other mosquito pests, such asAcdes spp. and Culex spp. are also outdoor biting and outdoor resting mosquitos that require interventions different from those used with malaria vectors. In particular, the use of larvicides is generally recommended to control outdoor biting and outdoor resting mosquito populations and the diseases spready by these vectors. Larvicides control mosquito populations by killing mosquito larvae in places that mosquitos breed thereby reducing or eradicating adult mosquito populations in the treatment zone.

[0006] In recent decades only a limited number of compounds have been available for mosquito control, including organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. Recently neonicotinoids, butenolides, benzoylureas, and juvenile hormone mimics have also become available. Nevertheless, the latter are in most cases applied together with a pyrethroid. Pyrethroids are the most used insecticidal class in vector control products and in 2022 approximately 80% of World Health Organization (WHO) certified vector control products include a pyrethroid. Pyrethroids have three advantages: they have good contact efficacy, they are fast acting, which is important as the mosquito often only gets in contact for a few seconds with the compound, and they have a good toxicological profile towards mammals. However, as a result of the frequent usage of pyrethroids, mosquitoes have developed resistance to pyrethroids and pyrethroids can no longer be depended upon to provide good protection from disease-transmitting mosquitoes. Additionally, cross-resistance of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitos toward pyriproxyfen, one of the most widely used larvicides has also been reported.

[0007] In the year 2000. around 1 million deaths occurred worldwide as a result of malaria. As a result of increased funding, new campaigns, increased vector control, new medical treatments and anti-malaria initiatives, malaria cases and malaria deaths decreased to 400.000 in 2015. However, in 2021 malaria deaths increased again to 600.000. and insecticide resistance and the spread of invasive Air. stephensi are major factors that has contributed to thistrend. A problem with the current insecticides being used in mosquito vector control is the limited number of chemical classes that are available for mosquito control resulting in a limited number of modes of pesticidal action resulting in the quick development of insecticidal resistance in mosquito populations. Accordingly, the Applicant has recognized that new compositions and methods for killing or controlling mosquitoes, particularly insecticideresistant mosquitoes, are desirable for the mitigation of malaria and other diseases transmitted by mosquitoes.SUMMARY

[0008] To address these shortcomings. Applicant has developed new methods and compositions for killing mosquito larvae and controlling adult mosquito populations. In particular, the presently disclosed methods involve the use of compositions containing a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. It has been surprisingly discovered by the Applicant that benzpyrimoxan exhibits good larvicidal efficacy against different mosquito species, including mosquito populations that are resistant to pesticides such as pyrethroid insecticides (e.g, mosquito populations exhibiting a resistance ratio towards deltamethrin greater than 50). Surprisingly, when mosquito larvae are exposed to the presently disclosed benzpyrimoxan compositions, they often develop through all four larval stages and into the pupae stage, but they do not hatch out of the pupae stage or eclose to form biting, disease-carry ing adult vectors. The Applicant has discovered that mosquito larvae contacted with compositions comprising higher benzpyrimoxan concentrations are killed without progressing through all larval stages or are killed while still in the pupae stage of development.

[0009] The present disclosure provides methods for killing mosquito larvae as well as methods for controlling adult mosquito populations by killing mosquito larvae and / or preventing the mosquito larvae from advancing past the pupae stage of development or eclosingto form an adult mosquito. The presently disclosed methods may include contacting mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. The method may also include treating a mosquito breeding environment with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. In other embodiments, treating the mosquito breeding environment or contacting mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae may include treating a mosquito breeding environment with a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. The method may also include, in at least some embodiments, spraying a liquid larvicidal composition into the mosquito breeding environment or onto a surface thereof.

[0010] In other embodiments, treating a mosquito breeding environment with a larvicidal composition may include depositing or deploying a solid larvicidal composition into the mosquito breeding environment or onto a surface of the mosquito breeding environment. In such instances, the solid larvicidal composition may be operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water. Non-limiting examples of solid larvicidal compositions may include a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, or a bag comprising a wettable granule formulation.

[0011] The present disclosure also provides larvicidal compositions capable of killing mosquito larvae or pupae or otherwise capable of preventing mosquito larvae or pupae from developing or eclosing into an adult mosquito vector. The presently disclosed larvicidal compositions may include a larvicidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan. In certain embodiments, the larvicidal compositions may be capable of killing at least 90% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition. In other embodiments, the larv icidal compositions may be capable of killing at least 95% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition. In still other embodiments, the larvicide compositions may becapable of preventing at least 90% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult mosquito. The larvicidal compositions may also be capable of preventing at least 95% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult mosquito.

[0012] The presently disclosed methods and compositions may be effective for killing or preventing eclosure of mosquito larvae belonging to any of the species of disease-transmitting mosquitos. Examples of disease-transmitting mosquitos may include, but are not limited to, Anopheles gamhiae. Anopheles funestus, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, and Aedes albopictus. Additionally, the presently disclosed methods and compositions may be effective in killing or preventing eclosure of insecticide-resistant mosquito larvae. Accordingly, the presently disclosed methods and compositions may be effective for controlling adult vector or disease-transmitting mosquito populations or effective for preventing or mitigating the transmission of one or more mosquito transmitted diseases to a human or animal inhabiting a vector control area in which the method or compositions are applied. In particular, the presently disclosed methods and compositions may be effective to control or mitigate any disease transmitted by mosquitos, including but not limited to malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, zika virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus. Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, La Cross Encephalitis, and St. Louis Enchephalitis.

[0013] The present disclosure also provides a mosquito breeding trap operable to kill mosquito larvae and / or control adult mosquito populations. The mosquito breeding trap may include a reservoir configured to hold or contain water and operable to receive one or more female mosquitoes. The reservoir may further be operable to receive one of the presently disclosed larvicidal compositions comprising benzpyrimoxan. or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. The mosquito breeding trap may further include a benzpyrimoxan larvicidalcomposition disposed or contained in the reservoir of the mosquito breeding trap. In at least some embodiments, the reservoir may be further operable to receive and collect rainwater. The mosquito breeding trap may also include a means for attracting one or more female mosquitos.

[0014] The present disclosure also provides methods for killing the larvae of dipeteran insects or hematophagous species of insect, as well as methods for controlling adult dipteran populations. The methods may include contacting dipeteran or hematophagous insect larvae or a population of dipeteran or hematophagous insect larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. In certain embodiments, the methods may include treating a dipteran breeding environment with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. In some instances, the methods may include treating a dipteran breeding environment with a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. The methods may also include spraying a liquid larvicidal composition into the dipteran breeding environment or onto a surface of the dipteran breeding environment.

[0015] In other embodiments, treating a dipteran breeding environment with a larvicidal composition may include depositing or deploying a solid larvicidal composition into the dipteran breeding environment or onto a surface of the dipteran breeding environment. In such instances, the solid larvicidal composition may be operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water. Non-limiting examples of solid larvicidal compositions may include a tablet, pellet, bnquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, or a bag comprising a wettable granule formulation.

[0016] As used herein, the term "‘dipteran breeding environment.” in all of its forms, refers to any environment containing or comprising one or more dipteran larvae, or any environment or surface in which dipteran insects may lay eggs or breed. The dipteran breeding environment may be a natural environment, such as a standing body of water or naturally-deposited decayingorganic matter, feces, or larval food sources, or may be a man-made environment, such as a container, insect breeding trap, or other object likely to be used as a dipteran breeding environment by a breeding dipteran insect. Non-limiting examples of dipteran breeding environments may include decaying organic matter, animal feces, food larval sources, street gutters, cisterns, livestock water troughs, livestock ponds, watering holes, water storage receptacles, buckets, rain barrels, fountains, gutters, downspouts, non-chlorinated swimming pools, pool covers that collect water, tires, tree holes, open bodies of water, standing bodies of water, stagnant bodies of water, non-standing bodies of water, small rivers, creeks, gullies, and planting containers or saucers.

[0017] The present disclosure also provides larvicidal compositions capable of killing the larvae or pupae of dipeteran insects or hematophagous species of insects mosquito larv ae or otherwise capable of preventing dipteran or hematophagous insect larv ae or pupae from developing or eclosing into an adult dipteran or hematophagous insect vector. The presently disclosed larvicidal compositions may include a larvicidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan. In certain embodiments, the larvicidal compositions may be capable of killing at least 90% of the dipteran or hematophagous insect larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition. In other embodiments, the larvicidal compositions may be capable of killing at least 95% of the dipteran or hematophagous insect larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition. In still other embodiments, the larvicide compositions may be capable of preventing at least 90% of the dipteran or hematophagous larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult insect. The larvicidal compositions may also be capable of preventing at least 95% of the dipteran or hematophagous larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult insect.

[0018] The presently disclosed methods and compositions may be effective for killing or preventing eclosure of larv ae belonging to any of the species of disease-transmitting dipteranor hematophagous insect. Examples of disease-transmitting dipteran or hematophagous insect may include, but are not limited to, mosquitos, black flies, house flies, sand flies, tsetse flies, Chiysops flies (deer flies / sheep flies), ticks, lice, fleas, midges, assassin bugs, and triatomine bugs. Additionally, the presently disclosed methods and compositions may be effective in killing or preventing eclosure of insecticide-resistant dipteran or hematophagous larvae. Accordingly, the presently disclosed methods and compositions may be effective for controlling adult vector or disease-transmitting dipteran or hematophagous insect populations or effective for preventing or mitigating the transmission of one or more dipteran or hematophagous insect transmitted diseases to a human or animal inhabiting a vector control area in which the method or compositions are applied.

[0019] The present disclosure also provides a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap operable to kill dipteran or hematophagous insect larvae and / or control adult dipteran or hematophagous insect populations. The dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap may include a breeding compartment configured to receive one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects. The breeding compartment is further operable to receive one of the presently disclosed larvicidal compositions comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. In certain embodiments, the dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap may comprise or contain the larvicidal composition as well as a means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects.

[0020] Still other aspects and advantages of these exemplary embodiments and other embodiments, are discussed in detail herein. Moreover, it is to be understood that both the foregoing information and the following detailed description provide merely illustrative examples of various aspects and embodiments and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claimed aspects and embodiments. Accordingly, these and other advantages and features of the present disclosure, will becomeapparent through reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings.Furthermore, it is to be understood that the features of the various embodiments described herein are not mutually exclusive and may exist in various combinations and permutations.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure, and together with the detailed description, serve to explain principles of the embodiments discussed herein. No attempt is made to show structural details of this disclosure in more detail than may be necessary for a fundamental understanding of the embodiments discussed herein and the various ways in which they may be practiced. According to common practice, the various features of the drawings discussed below are not necessarily drawn to scale. Dimensions of various features and elements in the drawings may be expanded or reduced to more clearly illustrate embodiments of the disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the mean hatching rate (from pupae to adult) of Aedes aegypli mosquito larvae 14 days after treatment with a benzpyrimoxan composition, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the mean hatching rate (from pupae to adult) of Anopheles stephensi larvae 14 days after treatment with a benzpyrimoxan composition, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of the mean mortality of susceptible and resistant Aedes aegypti larvae versus time in days following treatment with a 10 ppm benzpyrimoxan composition, according to an exemplary' embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the mean mortality of Anopheles stephensi larvae versus time in days following treatment with a 1 ppm or 10 ppm benzpyrimoxan composition, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present disclosure describes various embodiments related to methods and compositions for controlling mosquito populations, as well as preventing or mitigating disease exposure to humans and animals in vector control areas mitigating resulting from mosquitotransmission. Further embodiments may be described and disclosed.

[0027] In the following description, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments. In other instances, well-known processes, devices, and systems may not have been described in particular detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure the various embodiments. Additionally, illustrations of the various embodiments may omit certain features or details in order to not obscure the various embodiments.

[0028] The description may use the phrases “in some embodiments.” “in various embodiments,” “in an embodiment.” or “in embodiments,” which may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments. Furthermore, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like, as used with respect to embodiments of the present disclosure, are synonymous.

[0029] The term “about” or “approximately ” are defined as being close to as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In one non-limiting embodiment, the terms are defined to be within 10%, preferably within 5%, more preferably within 1%, and most preferably within 0.5%.

[0030] The terms “reducing,’" “reduced,’" or any variation thereof, when used in the claims and / or the specification includes any measurable decrease or complete inhibition to achieve a desired result.

[0031] The use of the words “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with any of the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” or “having,” in the claims or the specification may mean “one,” but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more,” “at least one,” and “one or more than one.” The terms “wt.%”, “vol.%”, or “mol.%” refers to a weight, volume, or molar percentage of a component, respectively, based on the total weight, the total volume of material, or total moles, that includes the component. In a non-limiting example, 10 grams of component in 100 grams of the material is 10 wt.% of component.

[0032] The words “comprising” (and any form of comprising, such as “comprise” and “comprises”), “having” (and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of including, such as “includes” and “include”) or “containing” (and any form of containing, such as “contains” and “contain”) are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.

[0033] When ranges are disclosed herein, ranges from any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited, as well as, ranges from any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to recite a range not explicitly recited, in the same way, ranges from any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited. Additionally, reference to values stated in ranges includes each and every value within that range, even though not explicitly recited. Thus, every point or individual value may serve as its own lower or upper limit combined with any other point or individual value or any other lower or upper limit, to recite a range not explicitly recited.

[0034] The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for killing dipteran and / or hematophagous insect larvae as well as controlling adult dipteran and hematophagous insectpopulations. The presently disclosed methods and compositions may be particularly useful for killing mosquito larvae, thereby controlling adult mosquito populations and reducing the transmission of diseases carried and transmitted by adult biting mosquito vectors. The presently disclosed compositions methods involve the use of a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof, which has been suprisingly discovered to exhibit good larvicidal efficacy against dipteran insects, including different mosquito species. The presently disclosed compositions and methods has also been found to be effective in killing insect larvae belonging to insect populations that are resistant to one or more pesticides. For example, the presently disclosed compositions and methods have been found to be effective against mosquito larvae populations that are resistant to pesticides such as pyrethroid insecticides (e.g., mosquito populations exhibiting a resistance ratio towards deltamethrin greater than 50).

[0035] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a larvicidal composition is provided. As used herein, the term “larvicidal composition,” in all of its forms, refers to a composition capable of killing insect larvae or insect pupae, or that is capable of preventing insect larvae or pupae from developing into an adult insect. The presently provided larvicidal compositions include a pesticidally effective or a larvicidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. Benzypynmoxan. also known as (5-(l,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy}pyrimidine, may have the following chemical structure:(Structure I).

[0036] As used herein, the term benzpyrimoxan, in all of its forms, refers to any salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate of benzpyrimoxan or the compound according to Structure I. The presentlydisclosed larvicidal compositions may include any pesticidally effective or larvicidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, depending on its particular intended use or formulation. The larvicidal compositions may include, for example, from about 0.05 weight percent to about 65 weight percent benzpyrimoxan, or from about 1 weight percent to about 25 weight percent benzpyrimoxan, or from about 2 weight percent to about 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan, or from about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan. In at least some instances, the larvicidal compositions may comprise less than 10 weight percent benzpyrimoxan, or less than 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan, or less than 5 weight percent benzypyrimoxan.

[0037] In addition to benzpyrimoxan, the presently disclosed larvicidal compositions may include any adjuvant or chemical component necessary' to prepare the disclosed formulations or necessary' to carry out the presently disclosed methods. For example, the larvicidal compositions may include an agent selected from the group consisting of an auxiliary agent, a wetting agent, a dispersant, an emulsifier, a penetrant, a preservative, an antifreeze, and an evaporation inhibitor. In certain embodiments, the larvicidal compositions may include one or more additional larvicides in addition to benzpyrimoxan. Examples of additional larvicides that may be used in the presently disclosed larvicidal compositions include methoprene, S- methoprene, S-kinoprene, S-hydropene, and temephos. In certain embodiments, the larvicidal compositions may also include Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and / or Bacillus sphaericus. The larvicidal compositions may also include one or more mineral oils and / or monomolecular films. In certain embodiments, the larvicidal compositions may also include one or more additional larvicides in the benzyl urea family. For example, the larvicidal compositions may include 2,6-difluoro-benzyl urea.

[0038] In other embodiments, the larvicidal compositions may exclude or otherwise not contain an additional larvicide. The larvicidal compositions may be substantially free of aninsecticide or larvicide other than benzpyrimoxan. For example, the larvicidal compositions may exclude or otherwise not contain a larvicide in the benzyl urea family or an additional larvicide selected from the group consisting of methoprene, S-methoprene, S-kinoprene, S- hydropene, temephos, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, and Bacillus sphaericus.

[0039] The larvicidal compositions may be in the form of any formulation necessary to carry7out the presently disclosed methods. For example, the larvicidal compositions may be in the form of any formulation selected from an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion-in-water (EW), suspension concentrate (SC), suspoemulsion (SE), flowable concentrate (FL), wettable powder (WP), soluble liquid concentrate (SL), soluble powder (SP), ultra low volume (ULV) spray, and any combination thereof.

[0040] In certain embodiments, the larvicidal composition may be in the form of a liquid formulation. The liquid formulation may be a liquid larvicidal composition operable to be sprayed onto an environment containing an insect larvae population, an insect breeding environment, or a surface expected to come into contact with one or more insect larvae. In certain embodiments, the the liquid larvicidal composition may be operable to be sprayed using a backpack sprayer, truck -mounter sprayer, boat-mounted sprayer, drone-mounted sprayer, or an aircraft-mounted sprayer. The liquid larvicidal composition may include water and / or one or more solvents. In at least some instances, the liquid larvicidal composition may include water and one or more organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, dipropylene glycol, iso-propanol, cetonitrile, propionitrile, polar aprotic solvents. N, N-dimethylformamide, or N-methylpyrrohdone.

[0041] In certain embodiments, the larvicidal composition may be in the form of a liquid formulation operable to be diluted with water prior to being applied to an insect larvae population, an insect breeding environment, or a surface expected to come into contact withone or more insect larvae. In such embodiments, the larvicidal composition may be a liquid concentrate larvicidal composition.

[0042] In other embodiments, the larvicidal composition may be a solid larvicidal composition operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water. In such embodiments, the solid larvicidal composition may be in the form of a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, bag comprising a wettable granule formulation, or any combination thereof.

[0043] The larvicidal compositions may be capable of killing dipteran or hematophagous insect larvae or may be capable of preventing the development of dipteran or hematophagous insect larvae or pupae from forming an adult dipteran or hematophagous insect. Examples of insect larvae against which the presently disclosed larvicide compositions may be effective against include mosquitos, black flies, house flies, sand flies, tsetse flies, Chrysops flies (deer flies / sheep flies), ticks, lice, fleas, midges, assassin bugs, triatomine bugs, and any combination thereof. Additionally, the larvicide compositions may be effective in killing larvae that are resistant to one or more insecticides. For example, the larvicide compositions may be effective against larvae that are resistant to pyrethroids, DDT, carbamates, and / or organophosphates.

[0044] In certain embodiments, the larvicidal compositions may be operable to kill at least 90% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition. In other embodiments, the larvicidal compositions may be operable to kill at least 95% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition. In still other embodiments, the larvicidal compositions may be operable to prevent at least 90% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult insect. In other embodiments, the larvicidal composition may be operable to prevent at least 95% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult insect.

[0045] The presently disclosed larvicidal compositions may be particularly effective against mosquito larvae including mosquito larvae that are classified as an outdoor biting and outdoor resting mosquito. In certain embodiments, the larvicidal compositions may be effective to kill larvae belonging to the genus Anopheles, Culex or Aedes. The larvicidal compositions may also be effective to kill larvae selected from the group consisting of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, and Aedes albopictus. In certain embodiments, the mosquito larvae may be resistant to one or more insecticides. The one or more insecticides may be selected, for example, from the group consisting of pyrethroids, DDT, carbamates, and organophosphates.

[0046] The present disclosure also provides methods for killing the larvae of dipeteran insects or hematophagous species of insect, as well as methods for controlling adult dipteran populations. The methods may include contacting dipeteran or hematophagous insect larvae or a population of dipeteran or hematophagous insect larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. In certain embodiments, the methods may include applying a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof, to an insect larvae population, an insect breeding environment, or a surface expected to come into contact with one or more insect larvae. In some instances, the methods may include treating an insect larvae population, an insect breeding environment, or a surface expected to come into contact with one or more insect larvae with a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0047] In at least some embodiments, the methods may include treating or spraying an insect larv ae population, an insect breeding environment, or a surface expected to come into contact with one or more insect larvae, with a liquid larvicidal composition, such as any of the presently disclosed liquid larvicidal compositions. In certain instances, the liquid larvicidalcompositions may be sprayed or applied using a backpack sprayer, truck-mounted sprayer, boat-mounted sprayer, drone-mounted sprayer, or an aircraft-mounted sprayer.

[0048] In other embodiments, treating an insect larvae population, an insect breeding environment, or a surface expected to come into contact with one or more insect larvae, may include depositing or deploying a solid larvicidal composition into the breeding environment or surface expected to come into contact with one or more insect larvae. In such instances, the solid larvicidal composition may be operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water. Non-limiting examples of solid larvicidal compositions may include a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, or a bag comprising a wettable granule formulation.

[0049] As used herein, the term “breeding environment,” in all of its forms, refers to any environment containing or comprising one or more dipteran or hematophagous insect larvae, or any environment or surface in which dipteran or hematophagous insects may lay eggs or breed. The breeding environment may be a natural environment, such as a standing body of water or insect larvae food source, or may be a man-made environment, such as a container, insect breeding trap, or other object likely to be used as a breeding environment by a dipteran insect.

[0050] In certain embodiments, the breeding environment may be a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap. In such instances, the method may further include introducing a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a reservoir of a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap. The methods may also include causing a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to be disposed in a reservoir of a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap. The method may also include loading a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan into a reservoir of a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap.

[0051] The presently disclosed methods may include applying benzpyrimoxan or a larvicidal composition containing benzpyrimoxan to a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding environment at an application rate of from about 1 gram (g) active ingredient (a.i.) to about 1000 g a.i. per hectare (ha). In certain embodiments, the methods may include applying benzpyrimoxan or a larvicidal composition containing benzpyrimoxan at an application rate of from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 750 g a.i. / ha, or from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 500 g a.i. / ha, or from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 250 g a.i. / ha, or from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 150 g a.i. / ha, or from about 25 g a.i. / ha to about 150 g a.i. / ha, or from about 5 g a.i. / ha to about 250 g a.i. / ha, or from about 50 g a.i. / ha to about 500 g a.i. / ha, or from about 150 g a.i. / ha to about 350 g a.i. / ha, or from about 250 g a.i. / ha to about 750 g a.i. / ha, or from about 500 g a.i. / ha to about 750 g a.i. / ha, or from about 500 g a.i. / ha to about 1000 g a.i. / ha. The presently disclosed methods may also include applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding environment at an application rate of from about 1 gram (g) to about 1000 grams (g) benzpyrimoxan per hectare (ha) of breeding environment, or a surface thereof. In certain embodiments, the methods may include applying benzpyrimoxan or a larvicidal composition containing benzpyrimoxan to a breeding environment at an application rate of from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 750 g a.i. / ha, or from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 500 g a.i. / ha, or from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 250 g a.i. / ha, or from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 150 g a.i. / ha, or from about 25 g a.i. / ha to about 150 g a.i. / ha, or from about 5 g a.i. / ha to about 250 g a.i. / ha, or from about 50 g a.i. / ha to about 500 g a.i. / ha, or from about 150 g a.i. / ha to about 350 g a.i. / ha. or from about 250 g a.i. / ha to about 750 g a.i. / ha, or from about 500 g a.i. / ha to about 750 g a.i. / ha, or from about 500 g a.i. / ha to about 1000 g a.i. / ha.

[0052] The presently disclosed methods may also include contacting larvae with from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan. or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. The presently disclosed methods may also include contacting larvae with from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppmbenzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. The methods may also include contacting larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition comprising from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. In other embodiments, the methods may include contacting larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition comprising from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. In certain embodiments, the methods may include causing larvae or a population of larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof or causing larvae or a population of larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. In other embodiments, the methods may include applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a breeding environment so as to cause larvae or a population of larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof, or applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a breeding environment so as to cause larvae or a population of larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0053] The presently disclosed methods may be effective for killing or preventing eclosure of larvae belonging to any of the species of disease-transmitting dipteran or hematophagous insect. Examples of disease-transmitting dipteran or hematophagous insect may include, but are not limited to, mosquitos, black flies, house flies, sand flies, tsetse flies, Chrysops flies (deer flies / sheep flies), ticks, lice, fleas, midges, assassin bugs, and triatomine bugs. Additionally, the presently disclosed methods and compositions may be effective in killing orpreventing eclosure of insecticide-resistant dipteran or hematophagous larvae. Accordingly, the presently disclosed methods and compositions may be effective for controlling adult vector or disease-transmitting dipteran or hematophagous insect populations or effective for preventing or mitigating the transmission of one or more dipteran or hematophagous insect transmitted diseases to a human or animal inhabiting a vector control area in which the method or compositions are applied. The methods are effective for preventing or mitigating the transmission of one or more infectious agents or diseases transmitted by dipteran or hematophagous insects. Non-limiting examples of infectious diseases or infection diseases that the presently disclosed methods may be effective in mitigating include African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), filariasis, onchocerciasis, loiasis (African eye worm), leishmaniasis, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Onchocerca volvulus, Loa loci, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and trypanosomes.

[0054] In certain aspects of the present disclosure, the presently disclosed methods may be particularly suited for killing mosquito larvae or for preventing mosquito larvae or pupae from developing into adult biting and / or disease transmitting mosquitos. The presently disclosed methods may include contacting a mosquito larvae population, a mosquito breeding environment, or a surface expected to come into contact with one or more mosquito larvae or breeding mosquitos with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. The method may also include treating a mosquito breeding environment with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. In other embodiments, treating the mosquito breeding environment or contacting mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae may include treating a mosquito breeding environment with any of the presently disclosed larvicidal compositions comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. The method may also include, in at least some embodiments, spraying any of the presently disclosed liquid larvicidalcompositions into the mosquito breeding environment or onto a surface thereof. The method may also include spraying the liquid larvicidal composition using a backpack sprayer, truckmounter sprayer, boat-mounted sprayer, drone-mounted sprayer, or an aircraft-mounted sprayer into the mosquito breeding environment or onto a surface thereof.

[0055] As used herein, the term “mosquito breeding environment,” in all of its forms, refers to any environment containing or comprising one or more mosquito larvae, or any environment or surface in which female mosquitos may lay eggs or breed. The mosquito breeding environment may be a natural environment, such as a standing body of water, or may be a manmade environment, such as a container, insect breeding trap, or other object likely to be used as a mosquito breeding environment by a female breeding mosquito. Non-limiting examples of mosquito breeding environments may include street gutters, cisterns, livestock water troughs, livestock ponds, watering holes, water storage receptacles, buckets, rain barrels, fountains, gutters, downspouts, non-chlorinated swimming pools, pool covers that collect water, tires, tree holes, open bodies of water, standing bodies of water, stagnant bodies of water, non-standing bodies of water, small rivers, creeks, gullies, and planting containers or saucers.

[0056] In certain embodiments, the mosquito breeding environment may be a surface or container likely to receive water or become wet. In such embodiments, the methods may include treating a surface or container likely to receive water or become wet with a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. In certain embodiments, the method may include applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof, to the surface or container likely to receive water or become wet.

[0057] In other embodiments, the mosquito breeding environment may be a standing body of water. In such instances, the presently disclosed methods may include treating a body of standing water with a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute,hydrate, or solvate thereof. In certain embodiments, the methods may include applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof, to the standing body of water. The standing body of water may contain one or more mosquito larvae or be a mosquito breeding environment that may be visited by female breeding mosquitos in the future or following treatment.

[0058] In certain embodiments of the presently disclosed methods, the mosquito breeding environment may be a mosquito breeding trap. In such instances, the methods may further include introducing a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a reservoir of a mosquito breeding trap. The methods may also include causing a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to be disposed in a reservoir of a mosquito breeding trap and / or loading a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan into a reservoir of a mosquito breeding trap. In certain embodiments, the mosquito breeding trap may be for use in an outdoor environment. The mosquito breeding trap may also include a means for holding water. In some embodiments, the mosquito breeding trap may include a reservoir operable to receive and contain water. The mosquito breeding trap may also include a means for receiving and containing rainwater in the reservoir or means for holding water. The mosquito breeding trap may further include a means for attracting one or more female mosquitos. The means for attracting one or more female mosquitos may include, for example, one or more chemical or biological attractants. In certain embodiments, the means for attracting one or more female mosquitos may include one or more pheromones or hormones.

[0059] The methods may include applying benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment at an application rate of from about I g a.i. / ha to about 1000 g a.i. / ha or applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment at an application rate of from about 1 gram (g) to about 1000 grams (g) benzpyrimoxan per hectare (ha) of mosquito breeding environment, or a surface thereof. In certain embodiments, themethods may include applying benzpyrimoxan or a larvicidal composition containing benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment at an application rate of from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 750 g a.i. / ha, or from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 500 g a.i. / ha, or from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 250 g a.i. / ha, or from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 150 g a.i. / ha, or from about 25 g a.i. / ha to about 150 g a.i. / ha, or from about 5 g a.i. / ha to about 250 g a.i. / ha, or from about 50 g a.i. / ha to about 500 g a.i. / ha, or from about 150 g a.i. / hato about 350 g a.i. / ha, or from about 250 g a.i. / ha to about 750 g a.i. / ha, or from about 500 g a.i. / ha to about 750 g a.i. / ha, or from about 500 g a.i. / ha to about 1000 g a.i. / ha.

[0060] The methods may also include contacting mosquito larvae with from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof or contacting mosquito larvae with from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. In other embodiments, the methods may include contacting mosquito larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition comprising from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof or contacting mosquito larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition comprising from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. In still other embodiments, the methods may include causing mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof or causing mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan. or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0061] In certain embodiments, the presently disclosed methods may include applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment so as to cause mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a compositionor an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.5 ppm to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof or applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment so as to cause mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. The methods may also include contacting mosquito larv ae with from about 0.0005 mg to about 0.05 mg benzypyrimoxan per rnL of mosquito breeding environment or contacting mosquito larvae with from about 0.001 mg to about 0.01 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of mosquito breeding environment. The methods may also include contacting mosquito larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition comprising from about 0.0005 mg to about 0.05 mg benzypyrimoxan per rnL of aqueous mosquito breeding environment or composition or contacting mosquito larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition comprising from about 0.001 mg to about 0.01 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of aqueous mosquito breeding environment or composition.

[0062] The methods may also include causing mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.0005 mg to about 0.05 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of composition or aqueous mosquito breeding environment or causing mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.001 mg to about 0.01 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of composition or aqueous mosquito breeding environment. In certain embodiments, the methods may include applying a larvicidal composition compnsing benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment so as to cause mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about from about 0.0005 mg to about 0.05 mg benzy pyrimoxan per mL or applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to amosquito breeding environment so as to cause mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.001 mg to about 0.01 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL.

[0063] In other embodiments, treating a mosquito breeding environment with a larvicidal composition may include depositing or deploying a solid larvicidal composition into the mosquito breeding environment or onto a surface of the mosquito breeding environment. In such instances, the solid larvicidal composition may be operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water. Non-limiting examples of solid larvicidal compositions may include a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, or a bag comprising a wettable granule formulation.

[0064] The presently disclosed methods may be effective for killing or preventing eclosure of mosquito larvae belonging to any of the species of disease-transmitting mosquitos. Examples of disease-transmitting mosquitos include, but are not limited to, mosquitos belonging to the genus Anopheles, Culex or Aedes. Other non-limiting examples of diseasetransmitting mosquitos may include Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, and Aedes albopictus. The presently disclosed methods may be particularly useful in killing mosquito larvae that are classified as an outdoor biting and outdoor resting mosquitos. Additionally, the presently disclosed methods and compositions may be effective in killing or preventing eclosure of insecticide-resistant mosquito larvae. Non-limiting examples of insecticides that the treated mosquito larvae may be resistant to are benzyl ureas, methoprene, S-methoprene. S-kinoprene, S-hydropene. temephos, pyrethroids. DDT, carbamates, and organophosphates. Accordingly, the presently disclosed methods and compositions may be effective for controlling adult vector or diseasetransmitting mosquito populations or effective for preventing or mitigating the transmission of one or more mosquito transmitted diseases to a human or animal inhabiting a vector controlarea in which the method or compositions are applied. In particular, the presently disclosed methods and compositions may be effective to control or mitigate any disease transmitted by mosquitos, including but not limited to malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, zika virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, La Cross Encephalitis, and St. Louis Enchephalitis.

[0065] The present disclosure also provides a mosquito breeding trap operable to kill mosquito larvae and / or control adult mosquito populations. The mosquito breeding trap may include a reservoir configured to hold or contain water and operable to receive one or more female mosquitoes. The reservoir may further be operable to receive one of the presently disclosed larvicidal compositions comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. The mosquito breeding trap may further include a benzpyrimoxan larvicidal composition disposed or contained in the reservoir of the mosquito breeding trap. In at least some embodiments, the reservoir may be further operable to receive and collect rainwater. The mosquito breeding trap may also include a means for attracting one or more female mosquitos. The means for attracting one or more female mosquitos may include, for example, one or more chemical or biological attractants. In certain embodiments, the means for attracting one or more female mosquitos may include one or more pheromones or hormones.

[0066] In certain embodiments, the mosquito breeding trap may further include a means for allowing a mosquito to enter the trap and / or reservoir while retarding or slowing the exit of the mosquito from the trap and / or reservoir. For example, the mosquito trap may include a funnel portion or cover operable to allow a mosquito to enter the trap or reservoir while also making it difficult for the mosquito to leave the trap or reservoir.

[0067] The present disclosure also provides a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap operable to kill dipteran or hematophagous insect larvae and / or control adult dipteran or hematophagous insect populations. The dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap mayinclude a breeding compartment configured to receive one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects. The breeding compartment is further operable to receive one of the presently disclosed larvicidal compositions comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof In certain embodiments, the dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap may comprise or contain the larvicidal composition as well as a means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects. The means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects may include, for example, one or more chemical or biological attractants capable of attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects. In certain embodiments, the means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects may be located proximal to the breeding compartment. In particular embodiments, the means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects may be disposed in the breeding compartment. In certain embodiments, the means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects may include one or more pheromones or hormones.

[0068] In certain embodiments, the dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap may further include a means for allowing a dipteran or hematophagous insect to enter the trap and / or breeding compartment while retarding or slowing the exit of the dipteran or hematophagous insect from the trap and / or breeding compartment. For example, the dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap may include a funnel portion or cover operable to allow a dipteran or hematophagous insect to enter the trap or breeding compartment while also making it difficult for the insect to leave the trap or breeding compartment.

[0069] According to certain aspects of the present disclosure, kits to kill dipteran or hematophagous insect larvae and / or control adult dipteran or hematophagous insect populations are provided. The kid may include, for example, a larvicidal composition comprising a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, orsolvate thereof, and a mosquito breeding trap. The larvicidal composition may be any of the presently disclosed benzpyrimoxan larvicidal compositions and the mosquito breeding trap may be any of the presently disclosed mosquito breeding traps operable or configured to receive any of the presently disclosed benzpyrimoxan larvicidal compositions. For example, the mosquito breeding trap in the kit may include a reservoir configured to hold or contain water and operable to receive one or more female mosquitos, the reservoir further operable to receive the larvicidal composition. The mosquito breeding trap may further include, in certain embodiments, a means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects. The means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects, may include, for example, one or more chemical or biological attractants. In certain embodiments, the means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects may be located proximal to the reservoir.EXAMPLES

[0070] The example provided below illustrates selected aspects of the presently disclosed compositions and methods for killing mosquito larvae, thereby controlling adult mosquito populations.Example 1

[0071] The presently disclosed compositions and methods involving benzpyrimoxan were evaluated for effectiveness in bioassays against the larvae of disease-transmitting mosquitoes, including pesticide resistant mosquitoes. In particular, benzpyrimoxan test solutions were prepared using a benzpyrimoxan stock solution formed by combining benzpyrimoxan and acetone at mixing ratio of 1 milligrams (mg) benzypyrimoxan per 1 mL acetone. Benzpyrimoxan test solutions containing 10.0 ppm. 1.0 ppm. 0.1 ppm. 0.01 ppm, 0.001 ppm, and 0.0001 ppm benzpyrimoxan were prepared by dilution with water using the benzypyrimoxan stock solution. Each test solution was placed in a round 47 millimeter (mm)tall and 100 mm diameter polypropylene test container. Ten (10) larval stage 2 mosquito larvae were added to each container along with Tetramin as a food source. The larvae were evaluated after one (1) day and then every' two (2) to three (3) days until hatching. When the larvae pupated, lids were put on the containers.

[0072] The hatching rate of mosquito larvae from pupae to adult was measured for both Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi mosquitos fourteen (14) days follow ing treatment w ith the benzpyrimoxan test solution. Hatching rate data versus concentration of benzpyrimoxan in the test solutions is provided in FIG. 1 for both pesticide resistant and pesticide susceptible Aedes aegypti larvae and in FIG. 2 for Anopheles stephensi larvae. Error bars indicate standard deviation (n = 270 for FIG. 1; n = 180 for FIG. 2). As shown in FIG. 1, the hatching rate of susceptible A. aegypti mosquito larvae was reduced by' approximately 25% when exposed to 1.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan solution. When exposed to a 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan solution, 100% of the susceptible A. aegypti mosquito larvae were prevented from hatching and died while over 90% of the pesticide resistant A. aegypti larvae failed to hatch. As shown in FIG. 2, the hatching rate of An. stephensi mosquito larvae was reduced by over 90% when contacted by the 1 .0 ppm benzpyrimoxan solution.

[0073] The mortality7of A. aegypti and An. stephensi mosquito larvae w7as also measured for 1 ppm and 10 ppm benzpyrimoxan test solutions over the fourteen (14) day test period (FIGS. 3-4). In particular, FIG. 3 depicts the mortality of A. aegypti mosquito larvae following contact with a 10 ppm benzpyrimoxan test solution. Error bars indicate standard deviation (n = 270). As shown in FIG. 3. significant mortality occurred 2 days following contact with the 10 ppm test solution with maximum mortality observed 7 days following contact. After 7 days, over 90% of the susceptible and over 60% of the pesticide resistant A. aegypti mosquito larvae w ere killed following contact with the 10 ppm benzpyrimoxan test solution. FIG. 4 depicts the mortality data for An. stephensi when exposed to either 1 ppm or 10 ppm benzpyrimoxan testssolution. Error bars indicate standard deviation (n = 180). As shown in FIG. 4, 100% mortality of An. stephensi larvae was observed 2 days after contact with the 10 ppm benzpyrimoxan test solution. When contacted with the 1 ppm test solution, a greater than 50% mortality was observed after 2 days and 70% mortality was observed after 14 days.

[0074] Other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from the foregoing figures, detailed description, and examples. It should be understood, however, that the figures, detailed description, and examples, while indicating specific embodiments of the disclosure, are given by way of illustration only and are not meant to be limiting. In further embodiments, features from specific embodiments may be combined with features from other embodiments. For example, features from one embodiment may be combined with features from any of the other embodiments. In further embodiments, additional features may be added to the specific embodiments described herein.Statements of the Disclosure:

[0075] Statement 1 : A method for killing mosquito larvae, the method comprising contacting mosquito larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0076] Statement 2: A method for controlling adult mosquito populations, the method comprising contacting mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0077] Statement 3: A method for controlling mosquito populations, the method comprising treating a mosquito breeding environment with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0078] Statement 4: The method according to Statement 1 or Statement 2, wherein contacting mosquito larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan comprises treating amosquito breeding environment with a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0079] Statement 5: The method according to Statement 4, wherein treating a mosquito breeding environment with a larvicidal composition comprises spraying a liquid larvicidal composition into the mosquito breeding environment or onto a surface thereof.

[0080] Statement 6: The method according to Statement 5, wherein spraying a liquid larvicidal composition comprises spraying the liquid larvicidal composition using a backpack sprayer, truck-mounted sprayer, boat-mounted sprayer, drone-mounted sprayer, or an aircraftmounted sprayer.

[0081] Statement 7: The method according to Statement 4, wherein treating a mosquito breeding environment with a larvicidal composition comprises depositing or deploying a solid larvicidal composition into the mosquito breeding environment or onto a surface thereof.

[0082] Statement 8: The method according to Statement 7, w erein the solid larvicidal composition is operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water.

[0083] Statement 9: The method according to Statement 7 or Statement 8, wherein the solid larvicidal composition comprises a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, bag comprising a wettable granule formulation, or any combination thereof.

[0084] Statement 10: The method according to Statement 1 or Statement 2, wherein contacting mosquito larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan comprises applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof, to a mosquito breeding environment.

[0085] Statement 11: The method according to Statement 10, wherein applying a larvicidal composition to a breeding environment comprises spraying a liquid larvicidal composition into the mosquito breeding environment or onto a surface thereof.

[0086] Statement 12: The method according to Statement 11, wherein spraying a liquid larvicidal composition comprises spraying the liquid larvicidal composition using a backpack spray er, truck-mounted sprayer, boat-mounted sprayer, drone-mounted spray er, or an aircraftmounted sprayer.

[0087] Statement 13: The method according to Statement 10, wherein applying a larvicidal composition to a breeding environment comprises depositing or deploying a solid larvicidal composition into the mosquito breeding environment or onto a surface thereof.

[0088] Statement 14: The method according to Statement 13, wherein the solid larvicidal composition is operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water.

[0089] Statement 15: The method according to Statement 13 or Statement 14, wherein the solid larvicidal composition comprises a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, bag comprising a wettable granule formulation, or any combination thereof.

[0090] Statement 16: The method according to any one of Statements 3-15, wherein the mosquito breeding environment contains or comprises one or more mosquito larvae.

[0091] Statement 17: The method according to any one of Statements 3-15, wherein the mosquito breeding environment is an environment in which mosquitoes may lay eggs or breed.

[0092] Statement 18: The method according to any one of Statements 3-15, wherein the mosquito breeding environment is selected from the group consisting of street gutters, cisterns, livestock water troughs, livestock ponds, watering holes, water storage receptacles, buckets, rain barrels, fountains, gutters, downspouts, non-chlorinated swimming pools, pool covers that collect water, tires, tree holes, open bodies of water, standing bodies of water, stagnant bodies of water, non-standing bodies of water, small rivers, creeks, gullies, and planting containers or saucers.

[0093] Statement 19: The method according to any one of Statements 3-15. wherein the mosquito breeding environment is a surface or container likely to receive water or become wet.

[0094] Statement 20: The method according to any one of Statements 3-15, wherein the mosquito breeding environment is a standing body of water.

[0095] Statement 21 : The method according to Statement 1 or Statement 2, wherein contacting mosquito larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan comprises treating a body of standing water with a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0096] Statement 22: The method according to Statement 21, wherein the standing body of water contains or comprises one or more mosquito larvae.

[0097] Statement 23: The method according to Statement 21 or Statement 22, wherein treating a body of standing water with a larvicidal composition comprises applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof, to the standing body of water.

[0098] Statement 24: The method according to Statement 1 or Statement 2, wherein contacting mosquito larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan comprises treating a surface or container likely to receive water or become wet with a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0099] Statement 25: The method according to Statement 24, wherein treating a surface or container likely to receive water or become wet with a larvicidal composition comprises applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof, to the surface or container likely to receive water or become wet.

[0100] Statement 26: The method according to any one of Statements 4-25. wherein the larvicidal composition comprises a larvicidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan.

[0101] Statement 27: The method according to any one of Statements 4-26. wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to kill at least 90% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition.

[0102] Statement 28: The method according to any one of Statements 4-26, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to kill at least 95% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition.

[0103] Statement 29: The method according to any one of Statements 4-26, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to prevent at least 90% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult mosquito.

[0104] Statement 30: The method according to any one of Statements 4-26, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to prevent at least 95% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult mosquito.

[0105] Statement 31 : The method according to any one of Statements 4-26, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to cause at least 90% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition to fail to eclose or otherwise form an adult mosquito.

[0106] Statement 32: The method according to any one of Statements 4-26, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to cause at least 95% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition to fail to eclose or otherwise form an adult mosquito.

[0107] Statement 33: The method according to any one of Statements 4-32, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 0.05 weight percent to about 65 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0108] Statement 34: The method according to any one of Statements 4-32, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 1 weight percent to about 25 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0109] Statement 35: The method according to any one of Statements 4-32. wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 2 weight percent to about 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0110] Statement 36: The method according to any one of Statements 4-32, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0111] Statement 37: The method according to any one of Statements 4-32, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises less than 10 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0112] Statement 38: The method according to any one of Statements 1-31, further comprising applying benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment at an application rate of from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 1000 g a.i. / ha.

[0113] Statement 39: The method according to any one of Statements 1-31, further comprising applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment at an application rate of from about 1 gram (g) to about 1000 grams (g) benzpyrimoxan per hectare (ha) of mosquito breeding environment, or a surface thereof.

[0114] Statement 40: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising contacting mosquito larvae with from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0115] Statement 41 : The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising contacting mosquito larvae with from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0116] Statement 42: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising contacting mosquito larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition compnsing from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0117] Statement 43: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising contacting mosquito larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or acomposition comprising from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0118] Statement 44: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising causing mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.5 to about 1 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0119] Statement 45: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising causing mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0120] Statement 46: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment so as to cause mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0121] Statement 47: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment so as to cause mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0122] Statement 48: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising contacting mosquito larvae with from about 0.0005 mg to about 0.05 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of mosquito breeding environment.

[0123] Statement 49: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising contacting mosquito larvae with from about 0.001 mg to about 0.01 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of mosquito breeding environment.

[0124] Statement 50: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising contacting mosquito larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition comprising from about 0.0005 mg to about 0.05 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of aqueous mosquito breeding environment or composition.

[0125] Statement 51 : The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising contacting mosquito larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition comprising from about 0.001 mg to about 0.01 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of aqueous mosquito breeding environment or composition.

[0126] Statement 52: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising causing mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.0005 mg to about 0.05 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of composition or aqueous mosquito breeding environment.

[0127] Statement 53: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising causing mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.001 mg to about 0.01 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of composition or aqueous mosquito breeding environment.

[0128] Statement 54: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment so as to cause mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about from about 0.0005 mg to about 0.05 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL.

[0129] Statement 55: The method according to any one of Statements 1-39, further comprising applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment so as to cause mosquito larvae or a population of mosquito larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.001 mg to about 0.01 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL.

[0130] Statement 56: The method according to any one of Statements 4-55, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more additional larvicides selected from the group consisting of methoprene, S-methoprene, S-kinoprene, S-hydropene, temephos, and any combination thereof.

[0131] Statement 57: The method according to any one of Statements 4-56, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more additional larvicides selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, and any combination thereof.

[0132] Statement 58: The method according to any one of Statements 4-57, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more additional larvicides in the benzyl urea family.

[0133] Statement 59: The method according to any one of Statements 4-58, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises 2.6-difluoro-benz l urea.

[0134] Statement 60: The method according to any one of Statements 4-58, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more mineral oils and / or monomolecular films.

[0135] Statement 61 : The method according to any one of Statements 4-57. wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain a larvicide in the benzyl urea family.

[0136] Statement 62: The method according to any one of Statements 4-57. wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain 2.6-difluoro-benzyl urea.

[0137] Statement 63: The method according to any one of Statements 4-55, wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain one or more additional larvicides selected from the group consisting of methoprene, S-methoprene, S-kinoprene, S-hydropene, and temephos.

[0138] Statement 64: The method according to any one of Statements 4-55, wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and / or Bacillus sphaericus.

[0139] Statement 65: The method according to any one of Statements 4-64, wherein the larvicidal composition is in the form of a formulation selected from the group consisting of an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion-in-water (EW), suspension concentrate (SC), suspoemulsion (SE), flowable concentrate (FL), wettable powder (WP), soluble liquid concentrate (SL), soluble powder (SP), ultra low volume (ULV) spray, and any combination thereof.

[0140] Statement 66: The method according to any one of Statements 4-64, wherein the larvicidal composition is in the form of a liquid formulation operable to be diluted with water prior to being applied to mosquito breeding environment, or surface thereof.

[0141] Statement 67: The method according to Statement 66, wherein the larvicidal composition is a liquid concentrate larvicidal composition.

[0142] Statement 68: The method according to any one of Statements 4-64, wherein the larvicidal composition is a liquid larvicidal composition operable to be sprayed using a backpack sprayer, truck-mounted sprayer, boat-mounted sprayer, drone-mounted sprayer, or an aircraft-mounted sprayer.

[0143] Statement 69: The method according to any one of Statements 66-68, wherein the liquid formulation or liquid larvicidal composition comprises water and / or one or more solvents.

[0144] Statement 70: The method according to any one of Statements 4-64, wherein the larvicidal composition is a solid larvicidal composition operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water.

[0145] Statement 71: The method according to any one of Statements 4-64, wherein the larvicidal composition is a solid larvicidal composition in the form of a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, bag comprising a wettable granule formulation, or any combination thereof.

[0146] Statement 72: The method according to any one of Statements 1-71, wherein the mosquito larvae belong to the genus Anopheles Culex or Aedes.

[0147] Statement 73: The method according to any one of Statements 1-71, wherein the mosquito larvae are selected from the group consisting of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus, Aedes aegypti. Culex quinquefasciatus. Anopheles stephensi, and Aedes albopictus .

[0148] Statement 74: The method according to any one of Statements 1-71, wherein the mosquito larvae are classified as an outdoor biting and outdoor resting mosquito.

[0149] Statement 75: The method according to any one of Statements 1-74, wherein the mosquito larvae are resistant to one or more insecticides.

[0150] Statement 76: The method according to Statement 75, wherein the one or more insecticides is selected from the group consisting of pyrethroids, DDT, carbamates, and organophosphates .

[0151] Statement 77: The method according to any one of Statements 4-76, wherein the larvicidal composition is substantially free of an insecticide or larvicide other than benzpyrimoxan.

[0152] Statement 78: The method according to any one of Statements 1-77. wherein the method is effective for preventing or mitigating the transmission of one or more mosquito transmitted diseases to a human or animal inhabiting a vector control area in which the methodis applied, the one or more mosquito transmitted diseases selected from the group consisting of malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, zika virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, La Cross Encephalitis, and St. Louis Enchephalitis.

[0153] Statement 79: The method according to any one of Statements 3-78, wherein the mosquito breeding environment is a mosquito breeding trap.

[0154] Statement 80: The method according to any one of Statements 1-79, further comprising: introducing a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a reservoir of a mosquito breeding trap.

[0155] Statement 81 : The method according to any one of Statements 1-79, further comprising: causing a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to be disposed in a reservoir of a mosquito breeding trap.

[0156] Statement 82: The method according to any one of Statements 1-79, further comprising: loading a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan into a reservoir of a mosquito breeding trap.

[0157] Statement 83: The method according to any one of Statements 79-82, wherein the mosquito breeding trap is for use in an outdoor environment, the mosquito breeding trap comprising a means for holding water.

[0158] Statement 84: The method according to Statement 83, wherein the mosquito breeding trap comprises a reservoir operable to receive and contain water.

[0159] Statement 85: The method according to Statement 83 or Statement 84, wherein the mosquito breeding trap comprises a means for receiving and containing rainwater in the reservoir or means for holding water.

[0160] Statement 86: The method according to Statement 84 or Statement 85, wherein the mosquito breeding trap further comprises a means for attracting one or more female mosquitos.

[0161] Statement 87: The method according to Statement 85, wherein the means for attracting one or more female mosquitos comprises one or more chemical or biological attractants.

[0162] Statement 88: A larvicidal composition for killing mosquito larvae, the larvicidal composition comprising a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0163] Statement 89: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 88, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises a larvicidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan.

[0164] Statement 90: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 88 or Statement 89, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to kill at least 90% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition.

[0165] Statement 91 : The larvicidal composition according to Statement 88 or Statement 89, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to kill at least 95% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition.

[0166] Statement 92: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 88 or Statement 89, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to prevent at least 90% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult mosquito.

[0167] Statement 93: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 88 or Statement 89, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to prevent at least 95% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult mosquito.

[0168] Statement 94: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 88 or Statement 89, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to cause at least 90% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition to fail to eclose or otherwise form an adult mosquito.

[0169] Statement 95: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 88 or Statement 89, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to cause at least 95% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition to fail to eclose or otherwise form an adult mosquito.

[0170] Statement 96: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-95, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 0.05 weight percent to about 65 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0171] Statement 97: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-95, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 1 weight percent to about 25 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0172] Statement 98: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-95, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 2 weight percent to about 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0173] Statement 99: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-95, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0174] Statement 100: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-95, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises less than 10 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0175] Statement 101 : The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-100, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more additional larvicides selected from the group consisting of methoprene, S-methoprene, S-kinoprene, S-hydropene, temephos, and any combination thereof.

[0176] Statement 102: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-101, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more additional larvicides selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. Bacillus sphaericus. and anv combination thereof.

[0177] Statement 103: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-102, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more additional larvicides in the benzy l urea family.

[0178] Statement 104: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-103, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises 2,6-difluoro-benzyl urea.

[0179] Statement 105: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-104, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more mineral oils and / or monomolecular films.

[0180] Statement 106: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 100, wherein the landci dal composition excludes or does not contain a landcide in the benzyl urea family.

[0181] Statement 107: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 100, wherein the lan icidal composition excludes or does not contain 2,6-difluoro-benzyl urea.

[0182] Statement 108: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 100, wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain one or more additional larvicides selected from the group consisting of methoprene, S-methoprene, S-kinoprene, S- hydropene, and temephos.

[0183] Statement 109: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 100, wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and / or Bacillus sphaericus.

[0184] Statement 110: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 109, wherein the larvicidal composition is in the form of a formulation selected from the group consisting of an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion-in-water (EW), suspension concentrate (SC), suspoemulsion (SE). flowable concentrate (FL), wettable powder (WP),soluble liquid concentrate (SL), soluble powder (SP), ultra low volume (ULV) spray, and any combination thereof.

[0185] Statement 111 : The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 109, wherein the larvicidal composition is in the form of a liquid formulation operable to be diluted with water prior to being applied to mosquito breeding environment, or surface thereof.

[0186] Statement 112: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 111, wherein the larvicidal composition is a liquid concentrate larvicidal composition.

[0187] Statement 113: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 109, wherein the larvicidal composition is a liquid larvicidal composition operable to be sprayed using a backpack sprayer, truck-mounted sprayer, boat-mounted sprayer, dronemounted sprayer, or an aircraft-mounted sprayer.

[0188] Statement 114: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 111- 1 13, wherein the liquid formulation or liquid larvicidal composition comprises water and / or one or more solvents.

[0189] Statement 115: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 109, wherein the larvicidal composition is a solid larvicidal composition operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water.

[0190] Statement 116: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 109 and 115, wherein the larvicidal composition is a solid larvicidal composition in the form of a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, bag comprising a wettable granule formulation, or any combination thereof.

[0191] Statement 117: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 117, wherein the mosquito larvae belong to the genus Anopheles. Culex or Aedes.

[0192] Statement 118: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-117, wherein the mosquito larvae are selected from the group consisting of Anopheles gambiae,Anopheles funestus, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, and Aedes albopictus.

[0193] Statement 119: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 117, wherein the mosquito larvae are classified as an outdoor biting and outdoor resting mosquito.

[0194] Statement 120: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 117, wherein the mosquito larvae are resistant to one or more insecticides.

[0195] Statement 121 : The larvicidal composition according to Statement 120, wherein the one or more insecticides is selected from the group consisting of pyrethroids, DDT, carbamates, and organophosphates.

[0196] Statement 122: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 121, wherein the larvicidal composition is substantially free of an insecticide or larvicide other than benzpyrimoxan.

[0197] Statement 123: A method for killing the larvae of a dipeteran insect or a hematophagous species of insect, the method comprising contacting insect larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0198] Statement 124: A method for controlling adult dipteran populations, the method comprising contacting dipteran larvae or a population of dipteran larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0199] Statement 125: A method for controlling dipteran insect populations, the method comprising treating a dipteran breeding environment with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof, wherein the dipteran breeding environment may optionally be selected from the group consisting of decaying organic matter. animal feces, and a dipteran larval food source.

[0200] Statement 126: The method according to Statement 123 or Statement 124, wherein contacting larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan comprises treating a dipteran breeding environment with a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0201] Statement 127: The method according to Statement 126, wherein treating a dipteran breeding environment with a larvicidal composition comprises spraying a liquid larvicidal composition into the dipteran breeding environment or onto a surface thereof, wherein the dipteran breeding environment may optionally be selected from the group consisting of decaying organic matter, animal feces, and a dipteran larval food source.

[0202] Statement 128: The method according to Statement 127, wherein spraying a liquid larvicidal composition comprises spraying the liquid larv icidal composition using a backpack sprayer, truck-mounted sprayer, boat-mounted sprayer, drone-mounted sprayer, or an aircraftmounted sprayer.

[0203] Statement 129: The method according to Statement 125, wherein treating a dipteran breeding environment with a larvicidal composition comprises depositing or deploying a solid larvicidal composition into the dipteran breeding environment or onto a surface thereof.

[0204] Statement 130: The method according to Statement 129, wherein the solid larvicidal composition is operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water.

[0205] Statement 131: The method according to Statement 129 or Statement 130, wherein the solid larvicidal composition comprises a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, bag comprising a wettable granule formulation, or any combination thereof.

[0206] Statement 132: The method according to Statement 123 or Statement 124, wherein contacting larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan comprises applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof. to a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding environment.

[0207] Statement 133: The method according to Statement 132, wherein applying a larvicidal composition to a breeding environment comprises spraying a liquid larvicidal composition into the breeding environment or onto a surface thereof.

[0208] Statement 134: The method according to Statement 133, wherein spraying a liquid larvicidal composition comprises spraying the liquid larvicidal composition using a backpack sprayer, truck-mounted sprayer, boat-mounted sprayer, drone-mounted sprayer, or an aircraftmounted sprayer.

[0209] Statement 135: The method according to Statement 132, wherein applying a larvicidal composition to a breeding environment comprises depositing or deploying a solid larvicidal composition into the breeding environment or onto a surface thereof.

[0210] Statement 136: The method according to Statement 135, wherein the solid larvicidal composition is operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water.

[0211] Statement 137: The method according to Statement 135 or Statement 136, wherein the solid larvicidal composition comprises a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, bag comprising a wettable granule formulation, or any combination thereof.

[0212] Statement 138: The method according to any one of Statements 125-137, wherein the breeding environment contains or comprises one or more dipteran or hematophagous insect larvae.

[0213] Statement 139: The method according to any one of Statements 125-138, wherein the breeding environment is an environment in which dipteran or hematophagous insects may lay eggs or breed.

[0214] Statement 140: The method according to any one of Statements 125-139, wherein the breeding environment is selected from the group consisting of street gutters, cisterns, livestock water troughs, livestock ponds, watering holes, water storage receptacles, buckets, rain barrels, fountains, gutters, downspouts, non-chlorinated swimming pools, pool covers that collectwater, tires, tree holes, open bodies of water, standing bodies of water, stagnant bodies of water, non-standing bodies of water, small rivers, creeks, gullies, and planting containers or saucers.

[0215] Statement 141 : The method according to any one of Statements 125-140, wherein the breeding environment is a surface or container likely to receive water or become wet.

[0216] Statement 142: The method according to any one of Statements 125-141, wherein the breeding environment is a standing body of water.

[0217] Statement 143: The method according to Statement 123 or Statement 124, wherein contacting larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan comprises treating a body of standing water with a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0218] Statement 144: The method according to Statement 143, wherein the standing body of water contains or comprises one or more dipteran or hematophagous insect larvae.

[0219] Statement 145: The method according to Statement 143 or Statement 144, wherein treating a body of standing water with a larvicidal composition comprises applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof, to the standing body of water.

[0220] Statement 146: The method according to Statement 123 or Statement 124, wherein contacting larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan comprises treating a surface or container likely to receive water or become wet with a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0221] Statement 147 : The method according to Statement 146. wherein treating a surface or container likely to receive water or become wet with a larvicidal composition comprises applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof, to the surface or container likely to receive water or become wet.

[0222] Statement 148: The method according to any one of Statements 126. wherein the larvicidal composition comprises a larvici dally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan.

[0223] Statement 149: The method according to any one of Statements 126-148, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to kill at least 90% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition.

[0224] Statement 150: The method according to any one of Statements 126-148, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to kill at least 95% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition.

[0225] Statement 151: The method according to any one of Statements 126-148, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to prevent at least 90% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult insect.

[0226] Statement 152: The method according to any one of Statements 126-148, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to prevent at least 95% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult insect.

[0227] Statement 153: The method according to any one of Statements 126-148, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to cause at least 90% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition to fail to eclose or otherwise form an adult insect.

[0228] Statement 154: The method according to any one of Statements 126-148, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to cause at least 95% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition to fail to eclose or otherwise form an adult insect.

[0229] Statement 155: The method according to any one of Statements 126-154, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 0.05 weight percent to about 65 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0230] Statement 156: The method according to any one of Statements 126-154, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 1 weight percent to about 25 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0231] Statement 157: The method according to any one of Statements 126-154, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 2 weight percent to about 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0232] Statement 158: The method according to any one of Statements 126-154, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0233] Statement 159: The method according to any one of Statements 126-154, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises less than 10 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0234] Statement 160: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising applying benzpyrimoxan to a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding environment at an application rate of from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 1000 g a.i. / ha.

[0235] Statement 161: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding environment at an application rate of from about 1 gram (g) to about 1000 grams (g) benzpyrimoxan per hectare (ha) of breeding environment, or a surface thereof.

[0236] Statement 162: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising contacting larvae with from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan. or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0237] Statement 163: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising contacting larvae with from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan. or a salt. solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0238] Statement 164: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising contacting larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition comprising from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0239] Statement 165: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising contacting larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition comprising from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0240] Statement 166: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising causing larvae or a population of larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0241] Statement 167: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising causing larvae or a population of larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0242] Statement 168: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a breeding environment so as to cause larvae or a population of larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.5 to about 15 ppm benzpynmoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0243] Statement 169: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a breeding environment so as to cause larvae or a population of larvae to be contacted by a compositionor an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 1.0 to about 10.0 ppm benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0244] Statement 170: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising contacting larvae with from about 0.0005 mg to about 0.05 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of breeding environment.

[0245] Statement 171: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising contacting larvae with from about 0.001 mg to about 0.01 mg benzy pyrimoxan per mL of breeding environment.

[0246] Statement 172: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising contacting larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition comprising from about 0.0005 mg to about 0.05 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of aqueous breeding environment or composition.

[0247] Statement 173: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising contacting larvae with an aqueous breeding environment or a composition comprising from about 0.001 mg to about 0.01 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of aqueous breeding environment or composition.

[0248] Statement 174: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising causing larvae or a population of larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.0005 mg to about 0.05 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of composition or aqueous breeding environment.

[0249] Statement 175: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159. further comprising causing larvae or a population of larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.001 mg to about 0.01 mg benzypyrimoxan per mL of composition or aqueous breeding environment.

[0250] Statement 176: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a breeding environment so as to cause larvae or a population of larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about from about 0.0005 mg to about 0.05 mg benzypyrimoxan per mb.

[0251] Statement 177: The method according to any one of Statements 123-159, further comprising applying a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a breeding environment so as to cause larvae or a population of larvae to be contacted by a composition or an aqueous breeding environment comprising from about 0.001 mg to about 0.01 mg benzypyrimoxan per m .

[0252] Statement 178: The method according to any one of Statements 126-177, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more additional larvicides selected from the group consisting of methoprene, S-methoprene, S-kinoprene, S-hydropene, temephos, and any combination thereof.

[0253] Statement 179: The method according to any one of Statements 126-178, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more additional larvicides selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. Bacillus sphaertcus. and any combination thereof.

[0254] Statement 180: The method according to any one of Statements 126-179, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more additional larvicides in the benzyl urea family.

[0255] Statement 181: The method according to any one of Statements 126- 180, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises 2.6-di fluoro-benzyl urea.

[0256] Statement 182: The method according to any one of Statements 126- 181, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more mineral oils and / or monomolecular films.

[0257] Statement 183: The method according to any one of Statements 126-178, wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain a larvicide in the benzyl urea family.

[0258] Statement 184: The method according to any one of Statements 126-178, wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain 2,6-difluoro-benzyl urea.

[0259] Statement 185: The method according to any one of Statements 126-177, wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain one or more additional larvicides selected from the group consisting of methoprene, S-methoprene, S-kinoprene, S-hydropene, and temephos.

[0260] Statement 186: The method according to any one of Statements 126-178, wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and / or Bacillus sphaericus.

[0261] Statement 187: The method according to any one of Statements 126-186, wherein the larvicidal composition is in the form of a formulation selected from the group consisting of an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion-in-water (EW), suspension concentrate (SC), suspoemulsion (SE), flowable concentrate (FL), wettable powder (WP), soluble liquid concentrate (SL), soluble powder (SP), ultra low volume (ULV) spray, and any combination thereof.

[0262] Statement 188: The method according to any one of Statements 126-186, wherein the larvicidal composition is in the form of a liquid formulation operable to be diluted with water prior to being applied to a breeding environment, or surface thereof.

[0263] Statement 189: The method according to Statement 188, wherein the larvicidal composition is a liquid concentrate larvicidal composition.

[0264] Statement 190: The method according to any one of Statements 126-189, wherein the larvicidal composition is a liquid larvicidal composition operable to be sprayed using abackpack sprayer, truck-mounted sprayer, boat-mounted sprayer, drone-mounted sprayer, or an aircraft-mounted sprayer.

[0265] Statement 191 : The method according to any one of Statements 188-190, wherein the liquid formulation or liquid larvicidal composition comprises water and / or one or more solvents.

[0266] Statement 192: The method according to any one of Statements 126-186, wherein the larvicidal composition is a solid larvicidal composition operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water.

[0267] Statement 193: The method according to any one of Statements 126-192, wherein the larvicidal composition is a solid larvicidal composition in the form of a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, bag comprising a wettable granule formulation, or any combination thereof.

[0268] Statement 194: The method according to any one of Statements 123-193, wherein the larvae are insect larvae selected from the group of insects consisting of mosquitos, black flies, sand flies, tsetse flies, Chrysops flies (deer flies / sheep flies), ticks, lice, fleas, midges, assassin bugs, triatomine bugs, and any combination thereof.

[0269] Statement 195: The method according to any one of Statements 123-194, wherein the larvae are resistant to one or more insecticides.

[0270] Statement 196: The method according to Statement 195, wherein the one or more insecticides is selected from the group consisting of pyrethroids, DDT, carbamates, and organophosphates .

[0271] Statement 197: The method according to any one of Statements 126-196, wherein the larvicidal composition is substantially free of an insecticide or larvicide other than benzpyrimoxan.

[0272] Statement 198: The method according to any one of Statements 123-197, wherein the method is effective for preventing or mitigating the transmission of one or more infectious agents or diseases transmitted by dipteran or hematophagous insects, wherein the one or more infectious agents or diseases is optionally selected from the group consisting of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), filariasis, onchocerciasis, loiasis (African eye worm), leishmaniasis, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Onchocerca volvulus, Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and trypanosomes.

[0273] Statement 199: The method according to any one of Statements 125-198, wherein the breeding environment is a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap.

[0274] Statement 200: The method according to any one of Statements 123-199, further comprising: introducing a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to a reservoir of a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap.

[0275] Statement 201: The method according to any one of Statements 123-199, further comprising: causing a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan to be disposed in a reservoir of a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap.

[0276] Statement 202: The method according to any one of Statements 123-201, further comprising: loading a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan into a reservoir of a dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap.

[0277] Statement 203: The method according to any one of Statements 199-202, wherein the breeding trap is for use in an outdoor environment, the breeding trap comprising a means for receiving a dipteran or hemtophagous insect.

[0278] Statement 204: The method according to any one of Statements 199-203, wherein the breeding trap comprises a means for attracting a dipteran or hematophagous insect.

[0279] Statement 205: The method according to any one of Statements 199-204, wherein the breeding trap comprises a means for holding water.

[0280] Statement 206: The method according to Statement 205, wherein the breeding trap comprises a reservoir operable to receive and contain water.

[0281] Statement 207: The method according to Statement 205 or Statement 206, wherein the breeding trap comprises a means for receiving and containing rainwater in the reservoir or means for holding water.

[0282] Statement 208: The method according to Statement 205 or Statement 206, wherein the breeding trap further comprises a means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects.

[0283] Statement 209: The method according to Statement 208, wherein the means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects comprises one or more chemical or biological attractants.

[0284] Statement 210: A larvicidal composition for killing dipteran or hematophagous insect larvae, the larvicidal composition comprising a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

[0285] Statement 211 : The larvicidal composition according to Statement 210, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises a larvicidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan.

[0286] Statement 212: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 210 or Statement 211, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to kill at least 90% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition.

[0287] Statement 213: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 210 or Statement 211, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to kill at least 95% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition.

[0288] Statement 214: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 210 or Statement 211, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to prevent at least 90% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult insect.

[0289] Statement 215: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 210 or Statement211, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to prevent at least 95% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult insect.

[0290] Statement 216: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 210 or Statement 211, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to cause at least 90% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition to fail to eclose or otherwise form an adult insect.

[0291] Statement 217: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 210 or Statement 211, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to cause at least 95% of the larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition to fail to eclose or otherwise form an adult insect.

[0292] Statement 218: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210- 217, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 0.05 weight percent to about 65 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0293] Statement 219: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210- 217, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 1 weight percent to about 25 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0294] Statement 220: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210- 217, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 2 weight percent to about 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0295] Statement 221: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210- 217, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0296] Statement 222: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210- 217, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises less than 10 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

[0297] Statement 223: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210- 222, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more additional larvicidesselected from the group consisting of methoprene, S-methoprene, S-kinoprene, S-hydropene, temephos, and any combination thereof.

[0298] Statement 224: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210-223, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more additional larvicides selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, and any combination thereof.

[0299] Statement 225: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210-224, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more additional larvicides in the benzy l urea family.

[0300] Statement 226: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 21 fl-225, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises 2,6-difluoro-benzyl urea.

[0301] Statement 227: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 21 fl-226, wherein the larvicidal composition further comprises one or more mineral oils and / or monomolecular films.

[0302] Statement 228: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 21 fl- 223, wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain a larvicide in the benzyl urea family.

[0303] Statement 229: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 21 fl- 223, wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain 2,6-difluoro-benzyl urea.

[0304] Statement 230: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 21 fl- 222, wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain one or more additional larvicides selected from the group consisting of methoprene, S-methoprene. S-kinoprene, S- hydropene. and temephos.

[0305] Statement 231: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210- 223, wherein the larvicidal composition excludes or does not contain Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and / or Bacillus sphaericus.

[0306] Statement 232: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210- 231, wherein the larvicidal composition is in the form of a formulation selected from the group consisting of an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion-in-water (EW), suspension concentrate (SC), suspoemulsion (SE), flowable concentrate (FL), wettable powder (WP), soluble liquid concentrate (SL), soluble powder (SP), ultra low volume (ULV) spray, and any combination thereof.

[0307] Statement 233: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210- 231, wherein the larvicidal composition is in the form of a liquid formulation operable to be diluted with water prior to being applied to a breeding environment, or surface thereof.

[0308] Statement 234: The larvicidal composition according to Statement 233, wherein the larvicidal composition is a liquid concentrate larvicidal composition.

[0309] Statement 235: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210- 231, wherein the larvicidal composition is a liquid larvicidal composition operable to be sprayed using a backpack sprayer, truck-mounted sprayer, boat-mounted sprayer, dronemounted sprayer, or an aircraft-mounted sprayer.

[0310] Statement 236: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 233- 235, wherein the liquid formulation or liquid larvicidal composition comprises water and / or one or more solvents.

[0311] Statement 237: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210- 231, wherein the larvicidal composition is a solid larvicidal composition operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water.

[0312] Statement 238: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210-231 and 237, wherein the larvicidal composition is a solid larvicidal composition in the form of a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, bag comprising a wettable granule formulation, or any combination thereof.

[0313] Statement 239: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210-238, wherein the larvae are insect larvae selected from the group of insects consisting of mosquitos, black flies, sand flies, tsetse flies, Chrysops flies (deer flies / sheep flies), ticks, lice, fleas, midges, assassin bugs, triatomine bugs, and any combination thereof.

[0314] Statement 240: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210-239, wherein the larvae are resistant to one or more insecticides.

[0315] Statement 241 : The larvicidal composition according to Statement 240, wherein the one or more insecticides is selected from the group consisting of pyrethroids, DDT, carbamates, and organophosphates.

[0316] Statement 242: The larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 21 fl- 241, wherein the larvicidal composition is substantially free of an insecticide or larvicide other than benzpyrimoxan.

[0317] Statement 243: A mosquito breeding trap comprising: a reservoir configured to hold or contain water and operable to receive one or more female mosquitoes; wherein the reservoir is further operable to receive a larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88- 122.

[0318] Statement 244: The mosquito breeding trap according to Statement 243, further comprising a larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-122, wherein the larvicidal composition is disposed in the reservoir of the mosquito breeding trap.

[0319] Statement 245: The mosquito breeding trap according to Statement 243 or Statement 244, wherein the reservoir is further operable to receive and collect rainwater.

[0320] Statement 246: The mosquito breeding trap according to any one of Statements 243- 245, further comprising a means for attracting one or more female mosquitos.

[0321] Statement 247: The mosquito breeding trap according to Statement 246, wherein the means for attracting one or more female mosquitos comprises one or more chemical or biological attractants.

[0322] Statement 248: A dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap comprising: a breeding compartment configured to receive one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects; wherein the breeding compartment is further operable to receive a larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210-242.

[0323] Statement 249: The dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap according to Statement 248, further comprising a larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 210-242, wherein the larvicidal composition is disposed in the breeding compartment of the dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap.

[0324] Statement 250: The dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap according to any one of Statement 248 or Statement 249, further comprising a means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects.

[0325] Statement 251 : The dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap according to Statement 250, wherein the means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects comprises one or more chemical or biological attractants.

[0326] Statement 252: The dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap according to Statement 251, wherein the means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects is located proximal to the breeding compartment.

[0327] Statement 253: The dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding trap according to Statement 251, wherein the means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects is disposed in the breeding compartment.

[0328] Statement 254: A kit comprising: any of the dipteran or hematophagous insect breeding traps according to Statements 243-253; and a larvicidal composition according to any one of Statements 88-122.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method for killing mosquito larvae, the method comprising contacting mosquito larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein contacting mosquito larvae with a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan comprises treating a mosquito breeding environment with a larvicidal composition comprising benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein treating a mosquito breeding environment with a larvicidal composition comprises spraying a liquid larvicidal composition into the mosquito breeding environment or onto a surface thereof.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein treating a mosquito breeding environment with a larvicidal composition comprises depositing or deploying a solid larvicidal composition into the mosquito breeding environment or onto a surface thereof; wherein the solid larvicidal composition is operable to dissolve or disperse when wet or contacted by water.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the solid larvicidal composition comprises a tablet, pellet, briquet, granulate, wettable granule formulation, bag comprising a wettable granule formulation, or any combination thereof.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mosquito breeding environment is selected from the group consisting of an environment that contains or comprises one or more mosquito larvae, an environment in which mosquitoes may lay eggs or breed, a surface or container likely to receive water or become wet, a standing body of water7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mosquito breeding environment is selected from the group consisting of street gutters, cisterns, livestock water troughs, livestock ponds, watering holes, water storage receptacles, buckets, rain barrels, fountains, gutters, downspouts, non-chlorinated swimming pools, pool covers that collect water, tires, tree holes, open bodies of w ater, standing bodies of water, stagnant bodies of water, non-standing bodies of water, small rivers, creeks, gullies, and planting containers or saucers.

8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the larvicidal composition is operable to kill at least 95% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition or is operable to prevent at least 95% of the mosquito larvae contacted with the larvicidal composition from eclosing or otherwise forming an adult mosquito.

9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 0.05 weight percent to about 65 weight percent benzpyrimoxan.

10. The method according to claim 2. further compnsing applying benzpyrimoxan to a mosquito breeding environment at an application rate of from about 1 g a.i. / ha to about 1000 g a.i. / ha.

11. The method according to claim 2, wherein the larvicidal composition is substantially free of an insecticide or larvicide other than benzpyrimoxan and the mosquito larvae are resistant to one or more insecticides.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method is effective for preventing or mitigating the transmission of one or more mosquito transmitted diseases to a human or animal inhabiting a vector control area in which the method is applied, the one or more mosquito transmitted diseases selected from the group consisting of malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, zika virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis Vims, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, La Cross Encephalitis, and St. Louis Enchephalitis.

13. A larvicidal composition for use in killing mosquito larvae, the larvicidal composition comprising a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

14. The larvicidal composition according to claim 13, wherein the larvicidal composition is substantially free of an insecticide or larvicide other than benzpyrimoxan.

15. The larvicidal composition according to claim 14, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 2 weight percent to about 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

16. The larvicidal composition according to claim 14, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

17. The larvicidal composition according to claim 14, wherein the larvicidal composition comprises less than 10 weight percent benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof.

18. A kit comprising: a larvicidal composition comprising a pesticidally effective amount of benzpyrimoxan, or a salt, solute, hydrate, or solvate thereof; and a mosquito breeding trap, the mosquito breeding trap comprising: a reservoir configured to hold or contain water and operable to receive one or more female mosquitos, the reservoir further operable to receive the larvicidal composition.

19. The kit according to claim 18, wherein the mosquito breeding trap further comprises a means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects.

20. The kit according to claim 19, wherein the means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects comprises one or more chemical or biological attractants, the means for attracting one or more breeding dipteran or hematophagous insects located proximal to the reservoir.

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