Recombinant marek's disease virus
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/084908
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-03-27
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-19
AI Technical Summary
Current vaccines for Marek's disease, Infectious Laryngotracheitis, Newcastle disease, and H9N2 avian influenza in poultry are either high in virulence, difficult to distinguish from wild strains, or cause recombination issues, and there is a need for safer and more effective vaccines to prevent and control these diseases.
A recombinant Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is engineered with heterologous nucleotide sequences inserted between specific genomic positions (UL55 and Lorf10 or UL2 and UL3) to express protective antigens from pathogens like NDV, ILTV, and AIV, inducing both humoral and cellular immunity.
The recombinant MDV effectively induces protective immune responses in poultry, reducing disease incidence and economic losses by providing safer and more efficient immunization against multiple avian pathogens.
Abstract
Description
Recombinant Marek′s Disease Virus
[0001] Cross-Reference to Related Application
[0002] This application claims the priority of PCT / CN2024 / 084043 filed on March 27, 2024 entitled by “Recombinant Marek's Disease Virus” , the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.Technical Field
[0003] The present invention relates to the field of animal health. Particularly, the present invention relates to a recombinant Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) comprising at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10 or a position between UL2 and UL3. Further, the present invention provides an immunogenic composition comprising the recombinant MDV of the present invention and the use of the immunogenic composition for preventing and / or treating diseases in an animal.
[0004] Technical background
[0005] Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is classified in the genus Mardivirus, belonging to the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae of Herpesviridae. The viral genome is a double-stranded linear DNA with a full length of approximately 180 kb, encoding 103 proteins. Marek's disease virus can be divided into 3 serotypes. Among them, serotype 1 virus is pathogenic and oncogenic to chicken hosts. According to the pathogenicity and virulence, the virus can be further divided into mild MDV (mMDV) , virulent MDV (vMDV) , and very virulent MDV (vvMDV) , and very virulent plus MDV (vv+MDV) . Serotype 2 Marek's disease virus is non-oncogenic, and serotype 3 Marek's disease virus is not pathogenic to chickens. The vaccines currently used for MD prevention are mainly serotype 1 attenuated vaccines, including the Dutch CVI988 strain (Rispens) and the Chinese 814 strain.
[0006] Recombinant herpes virus live vector vaccine is a genetically engineered vaccine that has been studied in depth and has broad application prospects. The principle is to insert the protective antigen gene of a certain pathogen through genetic engineering technology into a region not essential for replication of the viral vector, such that the antigen is continuously expressed as the vector replicates, inducing the body to produce corresponding antibodies to exert immune protection. The viral vector of the recombinant live virus vaccine can replicate itself, so usually a lower dose can produce sufficient exogenous proteins in the body to produce prolonged and good immune protection. Recombinant viral vector vaccines can not only induce humoral immunity, but also induce cellular immunity and mucosal immunity. Compared with traditional inactivated vaccines or live attenuated vaccines, different recombinant viruses have been proven to significantly reduce the level of shedding after infection and reduce the viral load in the environment.
[0007] As for MDV, Serotype 3 Herpesvirus of Turkeys (HVT) and serotype 1 MDV are considered ideal vectors for constructing live vector vaccines. These viruses have been used as vectors to construct different recombinant viruses. Li et al. used the MDV 814 vaccine strain as a vector to successfully construct a recombinant MDV expressing the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus. Studies have shown that the recombinant virus is safe and stable, and can protect chickens well against both Marek's disease and infectious bursal disease.
[0008] Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection caused by Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) . ILTV belongs to Alphaherpesvirinae, a double-stranded DNA enveloped virus. The viral genome is about 155kb and mainly contains a 120kb long unique region (UL) and a 17kb short unique region (US) . Envelope glycoproteins gB, gD, gI and gE are the main immunogenicity-related proteins of ILTV. They are located on the surface of the viral envelope and are related to virus adsorption and invasion of host cells. They can also induce the host to produce corresponding cellular immunity and humoral immune responses. At present, in addition to biosecurity measures in chicken farms, vaccination is the main preventive measure against ILT. However, the current attenuated ILT vaccine has shortcomings such as high virulence and difficulty in distinguishing it from wild strains. Moreover, there are reports that recombination may occur between different attenuated vaccine strains of ILTV and produce new virulent viruses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new generation of efficient and safe vaccines to prevent and control ILT.
[0009] Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects both domestic and wild bird species worldwide. The disease is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , which belongs to the family of Paramyxoviridae and the genus of Paramyxovirus. NDV is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense and non-segmented genomic ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) virus. The virulent strain can destroy the entire flock. The attenuated strain may cause respiratory tract infection and decreased egg production in chickens, but the chickens can recover quickly. NDV causes huge economic losses around the world and is one of the most harmful avian viral diseases. The NDV genome encodes six viral proteins: L protein (large protein) , NP (nucleoprotein) , P protein (phosphorprotein) , M protein (matrix protein) , HN (haemagglutinin-neuraminidase) , F protein (fusion protein) . Among them, F protein is mainly involved in virus penetration, cell fusion, hemolysis and other processes. It also has strong immunogenicity and is an important protective protein used in the preparation of Newcastle disease vaccine.
[0010] H9N2 avian influenza is an acute, highly contagious infectious disease caused by Influenza A virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family. AIV (Avian Influenza virus) belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae and the genus Orthomyxovirus. The virus particles are mostly spherical, with a diameter of 80 to 120 nanometers, and the surface is covered with dense spikes or fibers 10 to 12 nanometers long, including hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) . The virus particle has a spiral nucleocapsid within the viral envelope. AIV is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus whose genome is composed of 8 RNA segments, encoding different proteins. The genome of the virus is very susceptible to mutation, and the mutation rate of the HA gene is high, which is the main reason for the antigenic variation of the virus. Potential glycosylation sites on HA are one of the possible factors affecting the virulence of avian influenza viruses. The amino acids in the HA receptor binding site can affect the receptor binding properties, thereby changing the affinity of viruses to cells and the host range. This may be the real reason why the virulence variation and infection spectrum of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus continue to expand. The mutation of the NA gene is mainly closely related to the maturation and release of the virus and may affect the replication and spread of the virus. Since the first case of H9N2 was reported in 1994, the disease has become widespread in China, especially in provinces or regions with dense poultry populations. H9N2 subtype avian influenza is a low-pathogenic avian influenza, but it is very harmful to the poultry industry. It not only causes a serious decrease in egg production of laying hens, but also increases the incidence of complex respiratory diseases and mortality in broilers and young chickens. It can also cause immunosuppression in the body, resulting in slow growth of the chickens, causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry.
[0011] Brief Description of the Invention
[0012] In one aspect, the present invention provides a recombinant Marek's Disease Virus comprising at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10, or a position between UL2 and UL3.
[0013] In one aspect, the present invention provides a host cell expressing the recombinant virus of the present invention.
[0014] In one aspect, the present invention provides an immunogenic composition, comprising the recombinant virus of the present invention, and optionally a pharmaceutical-or veterinary-acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0015] In one aspect, the present invention provides use of the recombinant virus of the present invention in preparation of an immunogenic composition for inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.
[0016] In one aspect, the present invention provides the recombinant virus of the present invention or the immunogenic composition of the present invention for use in a method of inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.
[0017] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, said method comprising the step of administering to the animal the recombinant virus of the present invention or the immunogenic composition of the present invention, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0018] Figure 1. Growth curve of rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 on CEF cells.
[0019] Figure 2. Detection of F protein expressed by rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 in CEF cells.
[0020] Figure 3. Detection of HA protein expressed by rSC9-2 UL55-SV40-H9HA-Lorf10 and rSC9-2 UL2-SV40-H9HA-UL3 in CEF cells.
[0021] Figure 4. Detection of gI and gD proteins expressed by rSC9-2 / UL2-Native-ILTgD-gI- / gE / -UL3 and rSC9-2 / UL55-Native-ILTgD-gI- / gE / -Lorf10 in CEF cells.Detailed Description
[0022] Before the aspects of the present invention are described, it must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a" , "an" , and "the" include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, a reference to "a gene" includes a plurality of genes, a reference to the "virus" is a reference to one or more viruses and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth. The term “and / or” is intended to encompass any combinations of the items connected by this term, equivalent to listing all the combinations individually. For example, “A, B and / or C” encompasses “A” , “B” , “C” , “A and B” , “A and C” , “B and C” , and “A and B and C” . In contrast, “A or B” means either “A” or “B” , without including “A and B” . Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods, devices, and materials are now described. All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of describing and disclosing the virus strains, the cell lines, vectors, and methodologies as reported in the publications which might be used in connection with the invention. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the invention is not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.
[0023] Recombinant Marek's Disease Virus
[0024] In one aspect, the invention provides a recombinant Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) comprising at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10, or a position between UL2 and UL3.
[0025] In some embodiments, the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10.
[0026] In some embodiments, the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL2 and UL3.
[0027] The term “recombinant” used herein refer to an MDV that has been altered, rearranged, or modified by genetic engineering. However, the term does not refer to alterations in polynucleotide, amino acid sequence, or nucleotide sequence that result from naturally occurring events, such as spontaneous mutations. The terms “recombinant MDV” , and “rMDV” are used interchangeably herein.
[0028] The term "virus" designates in particular a viral particle comprising a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a genome) encapsulated in a capsid or capsule. The term "virus" also designates an isolated viral genome.
[0029] The term “MDV” as used herein refers to all viruses belonging to the genus Mardivirus, within subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae of the family Herpesviridae.
[0030] In some embodiments, the recombinant virus is derived from serotype 1 MDV.
[0031] In some embodiments, the recombinant virus is derived from an attenuated strain of serotype 1 MDV. Examples of attenuated strains of serotype 1 MDV include but are not limited to Dutch CVI988 strain (Rispens) (GenBank: DQ530348.1; Comparative full-length sequence analysis of oncogenic and vaccine (Rispens) strains of Marek's disease virus, Nair, 2007) , Chinese 814 strain (GenBank: JF742597.1; Comparative full-length sequence analysis of Marek's disease virus vaccine strain 814, Cheng, 2012) , or SC9-2 strain (Chinese Patent Publication No: CN102628053A) .
[0032] The term "attenuated" as used herein refers to a modified virus that is essentially not virulent in chicken, i.e. does not cause or causes reduced illness, especially does not cause death in a host animal, such as chicken, as compared to the non-modified wildtype parent virus. More particularly, an attenuated virus can typically replicate in a in a host animal, such as chicken, without causing death thereof. More particularly, an attenuated virus designates a virus that is not virulent in in a host animal, such as chicken, when injected at a dose of 104.0-107.0 TCID50 / animal, such as 106.0TCID50 / animal. More particularly, an attenuated virus designates a virus that is not virulent in a chicken at a dose of 104.0-107.0TCID50 / chicken, such as 106.0 TCID50 / animal in at least 10%injected chickens, in at least 20%injected animals, in at least 30%injected animals, in at least 40%injected chickens, in at least 50%injected animals, in at least 60%injected animals, in at least 70%injected animals, more preferably in at least 80%injected animals, even more preferably in at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more. In some embodiments, an attenuated virus more particularly designates a virus that is not virulent in an embryo when injected at a dose of 104.0-107.0TCID50 / egg, such as 106.0TCID50 / egg. Most preferred an attenuated virus designates a virus that is not virulent in an embryo at a dose of 104.0-107.0TCID50 / egg, such as 106.0TCID50 / egg in at least 10%injected eggs, in at least 20%injected eggs, in at least 30%injected eggs, in at least 40%injected eggs, in at least 50%injected eggs, in at least 60%injected eggs, in at least 70%injected eggs, more preferably in at least 80%injected eggs, even more preferably in at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more. The rMDV of the invention is also not virulent for injection post-hatch, including at Day 0, Day 1, Day 2, Day 3 post-hatch (i.e., between 0.1 and 72 hours post-hatch) .
[0033] In some embodiments, the recombinant virus is derived from the SC9-2 strain. In some embodiments, the SC9-2 strain is deposited according to Budapest Treaty on December 15, 2023 at CHINA CENTER FOR TYPE CULTURE COLLECTION (Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China) , under the accession number: CCTCC No: V2023114.
[0034] UL55, Lorf10, UL2 and UL3 genes are highly conserved between different MDV strains such as Dutch CVI988 strain (Rispens) , Chinese 814 strain and SC9-2 strain. It is understood that the skilled artisan may easily identify the exact location of the UL55, Lorf10, UL2 and UL3 genes in any MDV strain using the information contained in the present application and general common knowledge, or by sequence alignment.
[0035] Exemplary amino acid sequence of UL55 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. Exemplary nucleotide sequence of UL55 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. Exemplary amino acid sequence of Lorf10 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3. Exemplary nucleotide sequence of Lorf10 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4. Exemplary nucleotide sequence between UL55 and Lorf10 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
[0036] Exemplary amino acid sequence of UL2 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6. Exemplary nucleotide sequence of UL2 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7. Exemplary amino acid sequence of UL3 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 8. Exemplary sequence of UL3 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 9. Exemplary nucleotide sequence between UL2 and UL3 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 10.
[0037] The heterologous nucleotide sequence may be inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10, or the intergenic region between UL2 and UL3. In some embodiments, the insertion will not impact the replication of the recombinant virus.
[0038] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10, or the intergenic region between UL2 and UL3.
[0039] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10.
[0040] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted into the intergenic region between UL2 and UL3.
[0041] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted between the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (UL55) or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto and the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 (Lorf10) or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0042] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted between the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 (UL2) or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto and the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 (UL3) or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0043] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted within the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 (between UL55 and Lorf10) or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0044] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted within the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 (between UL2 and UL3) or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0045] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10, and
[0046] (i) at least one downstream UL55 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 25, 26 and 27, or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto, and
[0047] (ii) at least one upstream Lorf10 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 28, 29 and 30, or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0048] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted into the intergenic region between UL2 and UL3, and
[0049] (i) at least one downstream UL2 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 31, 32 and 33, or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto, and
[0050] (ii) at least one upstream UL3 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 34, 35 and 36, or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0051] The term “intergenic region” is well known by the person skilled in the art. The term encompasses a region between two genes. By using an intergenic region for the insertion of a heterologous polynucleotide, no essential gene (gene essential for example for viability, infectivity or replication) of the virus is inactivated. Accordingly, an intergenic region can be used for the insertion of a heterologous polynucleotide such as an antigen encoding sequence.
[0052] By insertion of a heterologous nucleotide sequence, one or more nucleotides at or near the insertion site may be deleted.
[0053] The term "heterologous nucleotide sequence" in relation to a virus designates a nucleotide sequence which is not found naturally in the genome of the virus, or which is found naturally in said genome but in a different form or at a different position.
[0054] In some embodiments, the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of a polypeptide of interest.
[0055] In some embodiments, the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the polypeptide of interest operably linked to an expression regulatory element, such as a promoter.
[0056] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is linked to a promoter sequence, and
[0057] (i) at least one downstream UL55 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 25, 26 and 27, or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto, and
[0058] (ii) at least one upstream Lorf10 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 28, 29 and 30, or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0059] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is linked to a promoter sequence, and
[0060] (i) at least one downstream UL2 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 31, 32 and 33, or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto, and
[0061] (ii) at least one upstream UL3 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 34, 35 and 36, or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0062] In some embodiments, the polypeptide of interest is an antigenic polypeptide.
[0063] An “antigenic polypeptide” or “antigen” as used herein refers to, but is not limited to, components which elicit an immune response in a host.
[0064] In some embodiments, the antigenic polypeptide is an antigenic polypeptide from an avian pathogen.
[0065] The avian pathogen may be or the antigenic polypeptide may be derived from viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc. Specific examples of an avian pathogen include, without limitation, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) , Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) , Avian influenza virus and the like.
[0066] In some embodiments, the poultry pathogen is selected from Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) or Avian influenza virus.
[0067] In some embodiments, the antigenic polypeptide is selected from the F protein of NDV, the VP2 protein of IBDV, the gB protein, gD protein, gI protein, or gE protein of ILTV, or the hemagglutinin (HA) of Avian influenza virus.
[0068] In some embodiments, the antigenic polypeptide is the F protein of NDV.
[0069] In some embodiments, the F protein of NDV may comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the complete coding sequence of F protein of NDV may have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 12.
[0070] In some embodiments, the antigenic polypeptide is the hemagglutinin (HA) of Avian influenza virus. In some embodiments, the antigenic polypeptide is the hemagglutinin (HA) of avian influenza virus type H9. In some embodiments, the antigenic polypeptide is the hemagglutinin (HA) of avian influenza virus H9N2.
[0071] In some embodiments, the H9 HA protein may have an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, the complete H9 HA coding sequence may have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 14.
[0072] In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence of the polypeptide of interest encodes for gD, gI, and partial gE of ILTV.
[0073] In some embodiments, the gD protein may have an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the complete gD coding sequence may have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 16.
[0074] In some embodiments, the gI protein may have an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 17. In some embodiments, the complete gI coding sequence may have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 18.
[0075] In some embodiments, the partial gE protein may have an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 19. In some embodiments, the complete gE protein may have an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 20. In some embodiments, the complete gE coding sequence may have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0076] "Sequence identity" between two polypeptide / nucleotide sequences indicates the percentage of amino acids / nucleotides that are identical between the sequences. Methods for evaluating the level of sequence identity between amino acid or nucleotide sequences are known in the art. For example, sequence analysis software is often used to determine the identity of amino acid / nucleotide sequences. For example, identity can be determined by using the BLAST program in the NCBI database. For determination of sequence identity, see, e.g., Computational Molecular Biology, Lesk, A.M., ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1988; Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects, Smith, D.W., ed., Academic Press, New York, 1993; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I, Griffin, A.M., and Griffin, H.G., eds., Humana Press, New Jersey, 1994; Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, von Heinje, G., Academic Press, 1987 and Sequence Analysis Primer, Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds., M Stockton Press, New York, 1991.
[0077] As used herein, it is in particular understood that the term “sequence identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: X” is equivalent to the term “sequence identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: X over the length of SEQ ID NO: X” or to the term “sequence identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: X over the whole length of SEQ ID NO: X” , respectively. In this context, “X” is any integer, such as 1, 2 or 3, so that “SEQ ID NO: X” represents any of the SEQ ID NOs mentioned herein.
[0078] In some embodiments, in the expression cassette, the coding nucleotide sequence of the polypeptide of interest is generally operably linked to a promoter. The promoter may be any natural or synthetic promoter, derived from cellular or viral genes. Examples of suitable promoters include, for instance, an immediate early cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, mouse CMV promoter, guinea pig CMV promoter, an SV40 promoter, Human Herpesvirus Type III glycoprotein B (HHV3gB) promoter, Pseudorabies Virus promoters such as that of glycoprotein X promoter, Herpes Simplex Virus-1 alpha 4 promoter, a Marek's Disease Virus glycoprotein A (or gC) promoter, a Marek's Disease Virus glycoprotein B promoter, a Marek's Disease Virus glycoprotein E promoter, a Marek's Disease Virus glycoprotein I promoter, an Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus glycoprotein B, an Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus glycoprotein E promoter, an Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus glycoprotein D promoter, an Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus glycoprotein I promoter, vaccinia H6 promoter, and a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the promoter is selected from the chicken beta-actin (Bac) promoter, the Pec promoter, the Murine Cytomegalovirus (mCMV) immediate-early 1 promoter, the Human Cytomegalovirus (hCMV) promoter, the Simian virus (SV) 40 promoter, the Raus Sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter, and the gD native promotor of ILTV, the gI native promotor of ILTV.
[0079] In some embodiments, the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the F protein of NDV operably linked to the SV40 promoter.
[0080] In some embodiments, the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the H9 HA of AIV operably linked to the SV40 promoter.
[0081] In some embodiments, the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the gD, gI, and partial gE of ILTV operably linked to the gD native promotor of ILTV.
[0082] In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence is operably linked to a transcription terminator. The transcription terminator may be derived from human Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) , thymidine kinase (TK) gene, from the glycoprotein B (gB) gene of Feline Herpesvirus (FHV) , from the immediate early (IE) gene of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) , strain AD 169 or from simian virus 40 (SV40) , or may be a synthetic terminator, such as a synthetic poly A signal (see Levitt N, Briggs D, Gil A, Proudfoot NJ. Definition of an efficient synthetic poly (A) site. Genes Dev. 1989 Jul; 3 (7) : 1019-25) . In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence is operably linked to a synthetic polyA signal. In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence is operably linked to an SV40 polyA signal.
[0083] In some embodiments, the invention provides a recombinant Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) comprising at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10,
[0084] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of F protein of NDV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the F protein is operably linked to the SV40 promoter.
[0085] In some embodiments, the invention provides a recombinant Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) comprising at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10,
[0086] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of HA protein of H9 subtype (preferably H9N2) AIV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the HA protein is operably linked to the SV40 promoter.
[0087] In some embodiments, the invention provides a recombinant Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) comprising at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL2 and UL3,
[0088] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of HA protein of H9 subtype (preferably H9N2) AIV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the HA protein is operably linked to the SV40 promoter.
[0089] In some embodiments, the invention provides a recombinant Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) comprising at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10,
[0090] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of the gD, gI, and partial gE of ILTV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the gD, gI, and partial gE is operably linked to the gD native promotor of ILTV.
[0091] In some embodiments, the invention provides a recombinant Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) comprising at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL2 and UL3,
[0092] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of the gD, gI, and partial gE of ILTV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the gD, gI, and partial gE is operably linked to the gD native promotor of ILTV.
[0093] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of the F protein of NDV. In some embodiments, the expression cassette of the F protein of NDV may have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0094] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of the HA protein of H9 subtype Avian influenza virus. In some embodiments, the expression cassette of the H9 HA protein of Avian influenza virus may have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 23.
[0095] In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of gD, gI, and partial gE of ILTV. In some embodiments, the expression cassette of the gD, gI, and partial gE of ILTV may have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 24.
[0096] In a particular embodiment, the rMDV of the present invention is a live virus vector. A “live virus vector” is virus (in the present case a MDV) that is competent to replicate in a host when such host is infected with the live virus or the genomic nucleic acid of such virus and wherein such virus encodes, delivers and express a heterologous nucleotide sequence in such host.
[0097] In one aspect, the present invention provides the rMDV of the present invention for use as vector vaccine in a host animal, such as chicken. The term “vector vaccine” is a vaccine that uses virus (in the present case a MDV) as vector to deliver and express a nucleotide sequence coding for an antigenic polypeptide, wherein such antigenic polypeptide provides protection against a pathogen. The virus that is used as vector shows no or only limited pathogenicity to the target species in which the virus is used as a vector.
[0098] Thus, in one aspect, the present invention also provides the rMDV of the present invention as a live vector vaccine in a host animal, such as chicken.
[0099] Virus construction and cloning may be accomplished by techniques known per se in the art. Gene cloning and plasmid construction are well known to one person of ordinary skill in the art and may be essentially performed by standard molecular biology techniques (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 4th Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA, 2012) . Typically, the recombinant viruses may be prepared by homologous recombination between the viral genome and a construct (e.g., a homology plasmid) comprising the nucleic acid to be inserted, flanked by nucleotides from the insertion site to allow recombination. Cloning can be made with or without the deletion of endogenous sequences. the recombinant viruses may be prepared by BAC technology.
[0100] Host cell
[0101] The invention also relates to a host cell, expressing the rMDV as defined above. The invention also relates to a host cell, expressing the rMDV and the heterologous polynucleotide as defined above. In some embodiments, the host cell is CEF cell (Liang Z., et. al, Animal (Basel) , 2022, 12 (24) : 3523) , DEF cell (Chenghuai Yang, Arch virol 2015, 160: 267-274) , embryonated egg, or chicken kidney cell (Andres Rodr1′guez-Avila et. al, Avian diseases 2007, 51: 905-911) .
[0102] The rMDV of the present invention may be propagated in some competent cell cultures. After the required growth of the viruses is achieved, the cells may be detached from the wells using a scraper or with trypsin and the infected cells may be separated from the supernatant by centrifugation.
[0103] Examples of competent cell include CEF, DEF, embryonated egg, chicken kidney cells, and the like. The cells or viruses may be cultured in a culture medium such as MEM containing 5%FBS at about 37℃ for 1h to 6 days.
[0104] Composition
[0105] The invention also relates to a composition, e.g., an immunogenic composition, which comprises the rMDV of the present invention.
[0106] The term “composition” as used herein refers to a composition that comprises at least one antigen, which elicits an immune response in the host to which the composition is administered. Such immune response may be a cellular and / or antibody-mediated (humoral) immune response to the composition of the invention. The host is also described as a “subject” , “host animal” or “animal” . The host may be an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.
[0107] An "immune response" to a composition is the development in the host of a cellular and / or antibody-mediated (humoral) immune response to a composition of interest. Usually, an "immune response" includes but is not limited to one or more of the following effects: the production of antibodies, B cells, helper T cells, and / or cytotoxic T cells, directed specifically to an antigen or antigens included in the composition of interest. Preferably, the host will display either a therapeutic or protective immune response such that resistance to new infection will be enhanced and / or the clinical severity of the disease reduced.
[0108] A "protective immune response" or "protective response" will be demonstrated by either a reduction or lack of clinical signs normally displayed by an infected host, a quicker recovery time and / or a lowered duration of infectivity or lowered pathogen titer in the tissues or body fluids or excretions of the infected host.
[0109] In case where the host displays a protective immune response such that resistance to new infection will be enhanced and / or the clinical severity of the disease reduced, the composition of the invention is described as a “vaccine” . In one aspect, the composition of the present invention is a vaccine.
[0110] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is a vector vaccine. In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is a vector vaccine in chicken.
[0111] Compositions and vaccines of the invention may further comprise a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient, vehicle, or adjuvant.
[0112] The pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carriers or adjuvant or vehicles or excipients are well known to the one skilled in the art. For example, a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier or adjuvant or vehicle or excipient includes, but is not limited to, 0.9%NaCl (e.g., saline) solution or a phosphate buffer, poly- (L-glutamate) , the Lactated Ringer's Injection diluent (sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride) , or polyvinylpyrrolidone. The pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier or vehicle or adjuvant or excipients may be any compound or combination of compounds facilitating the administration of the vector (or protein expressed from an inventive vector in vitro) , or facilitating transfection or infection and / or improving the preservation of the vector (or protein) .
[0113] In some embodiments, the composition of the invention comprises a lyoprotectant. In a particular embodiment, the composition of the invention comprises a preservative.
[0114] The composition of the invention may be liquid (solutions, suspensions, emulsions) or solid (powder, gel, paste, oil) . The composition of the invention may be formulated for any administration route. Preferably, the composition may be formulated for oro-nasal, eye drop, spray, drinking water, in ovo, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, or transdermal administration.
[0115] The composition of the invention may contain a suitable dose sufficient to elicit a protective response in a chicken. Doses and dose volumes are herein discussed in the general description and can also be determined by the skilled artisan from this disclosure in conjunction with the knowledge in the art, without any undue experimentation. The viral vector may be titrated based on any virus titration methods including, but not limited to, FFA (Focus Forming Assay) or FFU (Focus Forming Unit) , TCID50 (50%Tissue Culture Infective Dose) , PFU (Plaque Forming Units) , and FAID50 (50%Fluorescent Antibody Infectious Dose) , and the VLPs produced in vitro can be titrated by hemagglutination assay, ELISA, and electron microscopy. In some embodiments, the rMDV in the composition is present in a dose from 1×102 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g to 1x107 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g. In some embodiments, the rMDV in the composition is present in a dose from 1x104 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g to 1x106 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g. In some embodiments, the dose volumes can be between about 0.01 and about 10 ml, between about 0.01 and about 5 ml.
[0116] The composition of the invention can be administered in a single dose or in repeated doses, depending on the vaccination protocol. The medicament or vector vaccine of the invention can be formulated as single doses or in repeated doses, depending on the vaccination protocol.
[0117] Use and Method
[0118] In one aspect, the present invention provides the rMDV of the invention, or the composition of the invention, or the vector vaccine of the invention, for the use in a method for inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, wherein such method comprises or consists of one or more administration of the rMDV of the invention, or the composition of the invention, or the vector vaccine of the invention to the host animal.
[0119] In one aspect, the present invention provides the rMDV of the invention, the composition of the invention, or the vector vaccine of the invention, for use in vaccinating a host animal by inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen.
[0120] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of vaccinating a host animal by inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, comprising or consisting of at least one administration of the rMDV of the invention, the composition of the invention, or the vector vaccine of the invention.
[0121] In one aspect, the present invention provides use of the composition of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for vaccinating a host animal by inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen.
[0122] The term "vaccinating" relates to an active immunization by the administration of an immunogenic composition to a chicken to be immunized, thereby causing a protective immune response against the antigen included in such immunogenic composition.
[0123] In some embodiments, the host animal is 0 day-old, 1 day-old, 2 day-old, 3 day-old, 4 day-old, 5 day-old, 6 day-old, or 7 day-old at the day of vaccination.
[0124] In some embodiments, the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine is administrated at Day 0 post-hatch, Day 1 post-hatch, Day 2 post-hatch, Day 3 post-hatch, Day 4 post-hatch, Day 5 post-hatch, Day 6 post-hatch, or Day 7 post-hatch.
[0125] As indicated in the experimental section, the rMDVs of the invention are particularly advantageous for vaccinating young host animals (at Day 0, Day 1, Day 2, or Day 3 post-hatch) . Such early administration, combined with the early onset of immunity caused by the rMDV, is particularly advantageous to induce early protective immunity, before the host animal can be substantially exposed to pathogens.
[0126] In some embodiments, the rMDV is administered in ovo. In case in ovo vaccination is used, preferably the administration is performed when embryos are between 15 to 20 days old, preferably at day 17, 18 or 19, most preferably at day 18 of age.
[0127] In some embodiments, the pathogen is an avian pathogen. In some embodiments, the pathogen is selected from the group consisting of MDV, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) , Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) or Avian influenza virus (AIV) , or any combinations thereof.
[0128] In some embodiments, the pathogen is MDV.
[0129] In some embodiments, the pathogen is ILTV.
[0130] In some embodiments, the pathogen is NDV.
[0131] In some embodiments, the pathogen is AIV. In some embodiments, the pathogen is avian influenza A virus. In some embodiments, the pathogen is avian influenza A virus of subtype H9. In some embodiments, the pathogen is avian influenza A virus of subtype H9N2.
[0132] The administration or the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine of the invention results in lessening of the incidence of the particular pathogen infection in a host animal or in the reduction in the severity of clinical signs caused by or associated with the specific pathogen infection. It is to be understood that the administration, or the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine of the invention may not be effective in all host animals administrated, but there is a significant portion (for example, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, or at least 90%) of host animals effectively immunized.
[0133] In some embodiments, the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine is administered by oro-nasal, eye drop, spray, drinking water, in ovo, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, or transdermal. In some embodiments, the medicament, the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine may be formulated for oro-nasal, eye drop, spray, drinking water, in ovo, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, or transdermal administration. However, depending on the nature and mode of action of a compound, the immunogenic composition may be administered by other routes as well.
[0134] In one aspect of the invention, the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine is administered once and is efficacious by such single administration.
[0135] However, while a single dose administration is preferred, the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine can also be administered twice or several times, with a first dose being administered prior to the administration of a second (booster) dose. Preferably, the second dose is administered at least 15 days after the first dose. More preferably, the second dose is administered between 15 and 40 days after the first dose. Even more preferably, the second dose is administered at least 17 days after the first dose. Still more preferably, the second dose is administered between 17 and 30 days after the first dose. Even more preferably, the second dose is administered at least 19 days after the first dose. Still more preferably, the second dose is administered between 19 and 25 days after the first dose. Most preferably the second dose is administered at least 21 days after the first dose. In a preferred aspect of the two-time administration regimen, both the first and second doses of the immunogenic composition are administered in the same amount. In addition to the first and second dose regimen, an alternate embodiment comprises further subsequent doses. For example, a third, fourth, or fifth dose could be administered in these aspects. Preferably, subsequent third, fourth, and fifth dose regimens are administered in the same amount as the first dose, with the time frame between the doses being consistent with the timing between the first and second doses mentioned above.
[0136] The rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine of the invention may be administrated in a suitable dose sufficient to elicit a protective response in a chicken. Doses and dose volumes are herein discussed in the general description and can also be determined by the skilled artisan from this disclosure in conjunction with the knowledge in the art, without any undue experimentation. In some embodiments, the rMDV in the composition or the vector vaccine is present in a dose from 1×102 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g to 1x107 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g. In some embodiments, the rMDV in the composition or the vector vaccine is present in a dose from 1x104 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g to 1x106 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g. In some embodiments, the dose volumes can be between about 0.01 and about 10 ml, between about 0.01 and about 5 ml.
[0137] The present invention further relates to vaccination kits for vaccinating a chicken by inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, which comprises an effective amount of the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine as described above and a means for administering said rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine to said host animal. For example, such kit comprises an injection device filled with the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine according to the invention and instructions for intradermic, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or in ovo injection. Alternatively, the kit comprises a spray / aerosol or eye drop device filled with the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine according to the invention and instructions for oro-nasal administration, oral or mucosal administration.
[0138] The following clauses are also described herein and part of disclosure of the invention:
[0139] 1. A recombinant Marek's Disease Virus comprising at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10, or a position between UL2 and UL3,
[0140] 2. The recombinant virus of clause 1, wherein the recombinant virus is derived from a serotype 1 MDV strain, preferably, an attenuated serotype 1 MDV strain.
[0141] 3. The recombinant virus of clause 2, wherein serotype 1 MDV strain is selected from the group consisting of Dutch CVI988 strain (Rispens) , Chinese 814 strain and SC9-2 strain.
[0142] 4. The recombinant virus of clause 3, wherein the recombinant virus is derived from the SC9-2 strain.
[0143] 5. The recombinant virus of clause 4, wherein the recombinant virus is derived from the SC9-2 strain deposited with CCTCC under the accession number: CCTCC No: V2023114 on December 15, 2023.
[0144] 6. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10.
[0145] 7. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted into the intergenic region between UL2 and UL3.
[0146] 8. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted between the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (UL55) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto and the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 (Lorf10) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0147] 9. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted between the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 (UL2) or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto and the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 (UL3) or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0148] 10. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted within the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 (between UL55 and Lorf10) or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0149] 11. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted within the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 (between UL2 and UL3) or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0150] 12. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10, and
[0151] (i) at least one downstream UL55 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 25, 26 and 27, or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto, and
[0152] (ii) at least one upstream Lorf10 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 28, 29 and 30, or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0153] 13. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence is inserted into the intergenic region between UL2 and UL3, and
[0154] (i) at least one downstream UL2 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 31, 32 and 33, or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto, and
[0155] (ii) at least one upstream UL3 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 34, 35 and 36, or a sequence having at least 80 %, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0156] 14. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-13, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of a polypeptide of interest.
[0157] 15. The recombinant virus of clause 14, wherein the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the polypeptide of interest operably linked to an expression regulatory element, such as a promoter.
[0158] 16. The recombinant virus of clause 14 or 15, wherein the polypeptide of interest is an antigenic polypeptide; preferably, wherein the antigenic polypeptide is an antigenic polypeptide from an avian pathogen.
[0159] 17. The recombinant virus of clause 16, wherein the avian pathogen is selected from Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) , Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) or Avian influenza virus.
[0160] 18. The recombinant virus of clause 17, wherein the antigenic polypeptide is selected from the F protein of NDV, the VP2 protein of IBDV, the gB protein gD protein, gI protein, and / or gE protein / partial gE protein of ILTV, or the hemagglutinin (HA) of Avian influenza virus.
[0161] 19. The recombinant virus of clause 18, wherein the F protein of NDV comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 11; or the complete coding sequence of F protein of NDV has a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 12.
[0162] 20. The recombinant virus of clause 18, wherein the HA protein has an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 13; or the HA coding sequence has a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 14.
[0163] 21. The recombinant virus of clause 18, wherein the gD protein has an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 15; or the gD coding sequence has a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 16.
[0164] 22. The recombinant virus of clause 18, wherein the gI protein may have an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 17; or the gI coding sequence may have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 18.
[0165] 23. The recombinant virus of clause 18, wherein the complete gE protein may have an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 20; or the complete gE coding sequence may have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0166] 24. The recombinant virus of clause 18, wherein the partial gE protein may have an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 19.
[0167] 25. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 15-24, wherein the promoter is selected from the chicken beta-actin (Bac) promoter, the Pec promoter, the Murine Cytomegalovirus (mCMV) immediate-early 1 promoter, the Human Cytomegalovirus (hCMV) promoter, the Simian virus (SV) 40 promoter, the Raus Sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter, and the gD native promotor of ILTV, the gI native promotor of ILTV.
[0168] 26. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 15-25, wherein
[0169] i) the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the F protein of NDV operably linked to the SV40 promoter;
[0170] ii) the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the H9 HA of AIV operably linked to the SV40 promoter; or
[0171] iii) the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the gD, gI, and partial gE of ILTV operably linked to the gD native promotor of ILTV.
[0172] 27. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-26, wherein
[0173] i) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10,
[0174] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of F protein of NDV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the F protein is operably linked to the SV40 promoter;
[0175] ii) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10,
[0176] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of HA protein of AIV of type H9H2, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the HA protein is operably linked to the SV40 promoter;
[0177] iii) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL2 and UL3,
[0178] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of HA protein of AIV of type H9H2, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the HA protein is operably linked to the SV40 promoter;
[0179] iv) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10,
[0180] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of the gD, gI, and partial gE of ILTV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the gD, gI, and partial gE is operably linked to the gD native promotor of ILTV; or
[0181] v) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL2 and UL3,
[0182] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of the gD, gI, and partial gE of ILTV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the gD, gI, and partial gE is operably linked to the gD native promotor of ILTV.
[0183] 28. The recombinant virus of clause 27, wherein
[0184] i) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10,
[0185] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 22;
[0186] ii) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10,
[0187] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 23;
[0188] iii) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL2 and UL3,
[0189] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 23;
[0190] iv) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10,
[0191] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 24; or
[0192] v) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL2 and UL3,
[0193] wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 24.
[0194] 29. A host cell, expressing the recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-28.
[0195] 30. The host cell of clause 29, which is CEF cell, DEF cell, embryonated egg, or chicken kidney cell.
[0196] 31. An immunogenic composition, comprising the recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-28, and optionally a pharmaceutical-or veterinary-acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0197] 32. The immunogenic composition of clause 31, which is a vaccine, and optionally comprises an adjuvant.
[0198] 33. The immunogenic composition of clause 31 or 32, which is formulated for oro-nasal, eye drop, spray, drinking water, in ovo, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, or transdermal administration.
[0199] 34. The immunogenic composition of any one of clauses 31-33, wherein the rMDV in the composition is present in a dose from 1×102 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g to 1x107 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g.
[0200] 35. The immunogenic composition of any one of clauses 31-34, wherein the composition is administered in a single dose or in repeated doses.
[0201] 36. Use of the recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-28 in preparation of an immunogenic composition for inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.
[0202] 37. The use of clause 36, wherein the pathogen is selected from MDV, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) or Avian influenza virus.
[0203] 38. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-28 or the immunogenic composition of any one of clauses 31-35, for use in a method of inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.
[0204] 39. The recombinant virus or immunogenic composition for use according to clause 38, wherein the pathogen is selected from MDV, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) or Avian influenza virus.
[0205] 40. The recombinant virus or immunogenic composition for use according to clause 38 or 39, wherein the host animal is 0 day-old, 1 day-old, 2 day-old, 3 day-old, 4 day-old, 5 day-old, 6 day-old, or 7 day-old at the day of vaccination.
[0206] 41. The recombinant virus or immunogenic composition for use according to any one of clauses 38-39, wherein the recombinant virus or immunogenic composition is administrated at Day 0 post-hatch, Day 1 post-hatch, Day 2 post-hatch, Day 3 post-hatch, Day 4 post-hatch, Day 5 post-hatch, Day 6 post-hatch, or Day 7 post-hatch.
[0207] 42. The recombinant virus or immunogenic composition for use according to any one of clauses 38-39, wherein the recombinant virus or immunogenic composition is administrated in ovo, and preferably the administration is performed when embryos are between 15 to 20 days old, preferably at day 17, 18 or 19, most preferably at day 18 of age.
[0208] 43. A method of inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, said method comprising the step of administering to the animal the recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-28 or the immunogenic composition of any one of clauses 31-35, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.
[0209] 44. The method of clause 43, wherein the pathogen is selected from MDV, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) or Avian influenza virus.
[0210] 45. The method according to clause 43 or 44, wherein the host animal is 0 day-old, 1 day-old, 2 day-old, 3 day-old, 4 day-old, 5 day-old, 6 day-old, or 7 day-old at the day of vaccination.
[0211] 46. The method according to any one of clauses 43-44, wherein the recombinant virus or immunogenic composition is administrated at Day 0 post-hatch, Day 1 post-hatch, Day 2 post-hatch, Day 3 post-hatch, Day 4 post-hatch, Day 5 post-hatch, Day 6 post-hatch, or Day 7 post-hatch.
[0212] 47. The method according to any one of clauses 43-44, wherein the recombinant virus or immunogenic composition is administrated in ovo, and preferably the administration is performed when embryos are between 15 to 20 days old, preferably at day 17, 18 or 19, most preferably at day 18 of age.
[0213] Examples
[0214] The subsequent examples further illustrate the invention in an exemplified manner. It is understood that the invention is not limited to any of those examples as described below. A person skilled in the art understands that the performance, results and findings of these examples can be adapted and applied in a broader sense in view of the general description of the present invention.
[0215] Example 1. Construction of recombinant serotype I MDV expressing the F protein of Newcastle disease virus
[0216] The original serotype I Marek's disease virus SC9-2 strain was purchased from Shandong Agricultural University (Chinese Patent Publication No: CN102628053A) . The SC9-2 strain used in this study was obtained by continuously passaging and amplifying the original SC9-2 strain on chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) . Then safety and efficacy of this strain were tested, and the results showed that the SC9-2 strain can achieve ≥90%protection against Marek's disease virus very virulent strain Md5. Safety experiments on SPF chickens showed that this strain did not cause clinical signs, death or tumors in 1-day-old SPF chickens, proving that this strain is safe for chickens.
[0217] The SC9-2 virus strain used in this study was deposited according to Budapest Treaty on December 15, 2023 at CHINA CENTER FOR TYPE CULTURE COLLECTION (Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China) , under the accession number CCTCC No: V2023114.
[0218] Construction of rSC9-2 UL55-GFP-Lorf10
[0219] In order to facilitate subsequent gene deletion and gene insertion operations, the green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) was inserted into the genome of the SC9-2 strain. Specific steps include:
[0220] 1. Synthesis of GFP transfer vector
[0221] The green fluorescent protein insertion site is between UL55 and Lorf10 in the SC9-2 genome. GFP transfer vector targeting the insertion site was synthesized by Nanjing GenScript Company. The GFP transfer vector plasmids were linearized and stored at -20℃ for later use.
[0222] 2. Extraction of SC9-2 genomic DNA
[0223] SC9-2 virus was used to infect monolayer CEF cells. Infected cells were cultivated for 2 days in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator. The cell culture supernatant was discarded, the cells were digested with trypsin, and collected into a centrifuge tube in culture medium MEM (purchased from SIGMA Company) . After centrifugation at 500g for 5 minutes, the supernatant was discarded, leaving only the cells, and then SC9-2 genomic DNA was extracted with phenol-chloroform.
[0224] 3. Construction of rSC9-2-GFP recombinant virus by homologous recombination
[0225] The linearized GFP transfer vector obtained in step 1 and the SC9-2 genomic DNA obtained in step 2 were co-transfected into monolayer CEF cells according to the instructions of the commercial transfection kit LipofectamineTM 3000 (purchased from Invitrogen) . Four hours after transfection, the supernatant was removed and replaced with cell culture medium containing 5%serum. After continued culture in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 5 days, the recombination results were observed under a fluorescence microscope. The green plaques corresponded to the recombinant virus rSC9-2-GFP.
[0226] 4. Plaque purification
[0227] After observing the recombinant virus in green, a single green plaque was picked under a fluorescence microscope and digested in 100ul trypsin for 5 minutes. Then, infected the pre-seeded CEF cells with the trypsin-digested green virus and incubated in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 4 days. 3 rounds of plaque purification were performed accordingly to obtain pure rSC9-2-GFP recombinant virus.
[0228] 5. DNA extraction of rSC9-2-GFP recombinant virus
[0229] The purified rSC9-2-GFP recombinant virus was amplified on CEF cells for 2 passages and a batch of recombinant virus rSC9-2-GFP P2 was harvested. The rSC9-2-GFP P2 virus was used to infect the pre-seeded CEF cells. On the second day after virus infection, the cell culture supernatant was discarded, the cells were digested with trypsin, and the cells were pipet down with cell culture medium MEM and collected into a centrifuge tube. The cells were centrifuged at 500 g for 5 minutes and the supernatant was discarded, leaving only the cells, and then rSC9-2-GFP genomic DNA was extracted with phenol-chloroform.
[0230] The obtained recombinant virus rSC9-2-GFP was amplified on CEF cells and stored in liquid nitrogen for later use; the extracted SC9-2-GFP DNA was aliquoted and frozen in a -80℃ refrigerator for exogenous gene insertion.
[0231] Construction of rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10
[0232] On the basis of the recombinant Marek's disease virus containing green fluorescent protein (rSC9-2-GFP) , the F gene of Newcastle disease virus was inserted into the same sites to replace the GFP, and finally a recombinant Marek's disease virus expressing the Newcastle disease F protein was constructed: rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10.
[0233] The construction method of rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 includes the following main steps:
[0234] (1) Obtain the linear DNA fragment UL55-SV40-NDF-Lorf10 containing the F gene through restriction digestion;
[0235] (2) Extract the recombinant Marek's disease virus genome containing green fluorescent protein;
[0236] (3) Co-transfect the exogenous gene fragment UL55-SV40-NDF-Lorf10 and rSC9-2 UL55-GFP-Lorf10 DNA into CEF cells to obtain the recombinant Marek's disease virus rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 containing the Newcastle disease F gene.
[0237] Primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were prepared from 9 or 10-day-old SPF chicken embryos (purchased from Jinan SPAFAS Company) according to conventional methods; the pUC57-SV40-NDF-PolyASV40 plasmid was synthesized by Nanjing GenScript Company.
[0238] The specific steps are as follows.
[0239] 1. Double restriction digestion to obtain UL55-SV40-NDF-Lorf10 fragment
[0240] The pUC57-SV40-NDF-PolyASV40 plasmid was double digested with restriction enzymes EcoR I and Hind III, and the ordinary agarose gel DNA recovery kit Gel Extraction Kit was used to recover the digested fragments to obtain foreign gene fragment UL55-SV40-NDF-Lorf10 with 1500bp homology arm at both ends.
[0241] 2. Extraction of the recombinant Marek's disease virus genome containing green fluorescent protein
[0242] 2.1 The CEF cells grown into a monolayer were infected with rSC9-2 GFP virus and cultured in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 2 days.
[0243] 2.2 The cell culture supernatant was discarded, the cells were digested with 2.5%trypsin at room temperature for 5 minutes, the cells were piped down with culture medium MEM and collected into a centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 500g for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was discarded.
[0244] 2.3 The cells were resuspended in 30ul of PBS, 750ul of cell lysis buffer was added, and shaken thoroughly to mix.
[0245] 2.4 After incubating at room temperature for 5 minutes, 200ul of 5M NaCl was added and mixed well.
[0246] 2.5 After incubating overnight at 4℃, centrifuge was performed at 20Kg for 30 minutes, the supernatant was harvested and placed in a new 1.5ml centrifuge tube.
[0247] 2.6 500ul of phenol-chloroform was added, mixed by inversion, and centrifuged at 20Kg for 10 minutes.
[0248] 2.7 The supernatant was placed into a new 1.5ml centrifuge tube and 500ul of chloroform was added, mixed by inverting and centrifuged at 20Kg for 5 minutes.
[0249] 2.8 The supernatant was placed into a new 1.5ml centrifuge tube and 600ul isopropyl alcohol was added, mixed by inverting and centrifuged at 20Kg for 20 minutes. The supernatant was discarded.
[0250] 2.9 After adding 500ul of 70%ethanol, centrifuge was performed at 20Kg for 5 minutes and the supernatant was discarded.
[0251] 2.10 After drying at room temperature, 100ul of ultrapure water was added to dissolve the DNA, and stored in a -80℃ refrigerator for later use.
[0252] 3. Construction of recombinant virus containing Newcastle disease virus F gene
[0253] Chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were prepared and inoculated into 6-well plates. After culturing for 24 hours in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator, the cells were co-infected with rSC9-2 UL55-GFP-Lorf10 DNA and UL55-NDF-Lorf10 fragment according to Lipofectamine 3000 Instructions. The plaques were observed 5 days later. A single GFP-negative plaque was picked under a fluorescence microscope and inoculated into single layer CEFs cultured for 24 hours. Three rounds of plaque purification were carried out in this manner, and the recombinant Marek's disease virus rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 containing the Newcastle disease virus F gene was obtained.
[0254] Example 2. Construction of recombinant serotype I Marek's disease virus containing HA gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus
[0255] In this example, the inventors constructed 2 recombinant serotype I Marek's disease viruses containing the HA gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza, namely rSC9-2-UL2-SV40-H9HA-UL3 and rSC9-2-UL55-SV40-H9HA-Lorf10. The recombinant virus rSC9-2-UL2-SV40-H9HA-UL3 was obtained by constructing a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) ; while the recombinant virus rSC9-2-UL55-SV40-H9HA-Lorf10 was obtained by homologous recombination method.
[0256] 2.1 Construction of recombinant virus rSC9-2-UL2-SV40-H9HA-UL3
[0257] In order to facilitate the construction of recombinant viruses, the genome of the SC9-2 strain was firstly constructed as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) system, and then based on the constructed rSC9-2-BAC, the HA gene of the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus was inserted between the UL2 and UL3 of the SC9-2 genome, and a recombinant Marek's disease virus expressing the HA gene of the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus was finally constructed: rSC9-2 UL2-SV40-H9HA-UL3.
[0258] 2.1.1 Construction of bacterial artificial chromosome of Marek's disease virus
[0259] 1) Construction of Mini-F transfer vector
[0260] The insertion site of mini-F (the main element of bacterial artificial chromosome) selected in this study is between US10 and Sorf3 in the SC9-2 genome. First, PCR was used to amplify the homology arm sequences on the left and right sides of the insertion site and introduce enzyme cutting sites. Then electrophoresis and gel cutting were performed to recover the homology arm DNA fragments. The left homology arm DNA fragment was 1400 bp and BamH I and Sac I restriction endonuclease sites were introduced. The right homology arm DNA fragment was 1300 bp and BamHI and Sal I restriction endonuclease sites were introduced. The plasmid pB12 containing the mini-F gene fragment (preserved by the Innovation Center Laboratory of Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (China) Co., Ltd. ) was digested with BamHI and electrophoresed and gel recovered to obtain mini-F DNA fragment with BamHI on both sides. The obtained left and right homology arm DNA fragments and the mini-F DNA fragment were ligated and transformed into E. coli TOP10 competent cells. The bacteria were picked and the plasmid was extracted, and the mini-F transfer vector plasmid identified correctly by enzyme digestion was stored in a -20℃refrigerator for later use.
[0261] 2) Extraction of SC9-2 genomic DNA
[0262] SC9-2 genomic DNA was obtained according to a method mentioned above.
[0263] 3) Homologous recombination to construct rSC9-2-BAC recombinant virus
[0264] The linearized mini-F transfer vector obtained in step 1 and the SC9-2 genomic DNA obtained in step 2 were co-transfected into CEFs according to the instructions of the commercial transfection kit LipofectamineTM 3000 (purchased from Invitrogen) , incubated in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 6 hours. The supernatant was removed and replaced with MEM cell culture medium containing 5%fetal bovine serum to cover the cells. After continued culture in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 5 days, the recombination results were observed under a fluorescence microscope. The green plaques appeared corresponded to the recombinant virus rSC9-2-BAC.
[0265] 4) Plaque purification
[0266] After observing the green recombinant virus, a single green plaque was picked under a fluorescence microscope and digested in 100ul trypsin for 5 minutes. Then, infected the pre-seeded CEF cells with the trypsin-digested green virus and incubated at 37℃ in a 5%CO2 incubator for 3 days. Follow this method, 3 rounds of plaque purification were performed to obtain pure rSC9-2-BAC recombinant virus.
[0267] 5) DNA extraction of rSC9-2-BAC recombinant virus
[0268] The purified rSC9-2-BAC recombinant virus was amplified on CEF cells for 2 passages and a batch of recombinant virus rSC9-2-BAC P2 was harvested. The pre-seeded CEF cells were infected with rSC9-2-BAC P2 virus. On the second day after virus infection, the cell culture supernatant was discarded, the cells were digested with trypsin, and piped down with cell culture medium MEM and collected into a centrifuge tube. The cells were centrifuged at 500 g for 5 minutes and the supernatant was discarded, leaving only the cells, and then rSC9-2-BAC genomic DNA was extracted with phenol-chloroform.
[0269] 6) Electroporation into MegaX competent cells
[0270] MegaX competent cells were purchased from Invitrogen (catalog number C6400-03) . Electroporation was performed according to the instructions for competent cells. 2ug of rSC9-2-BAC genomic DNA obtained in step 5 was added to a 1mm electroporation cup containing 50ul of competent cells, and electroporation was performed on the electroporation instrument at 2000 kV, 25 μF, 200Ω. The electroporated cells were resuspended in 800ul of LB medium and added to a 1.5ml centrifuge tube, shake and cultured in a 32℃ shaking incubator for 1 hour. 100ul of the culture was taken and applied to the LB culture plate containing chloramphenicol, and the culture plate was placed in a 32℃ incubator for 48 hours.
[0271] 7) Extraction and identification of rSC9-2-BAC plasmid
[0272] The rSC9-2-BAC plasmid was extracted from a single colony according to the instructions of the plasmid midi kit QIAGEN Plasmid Midi Kit (purchased from QIAGEN Company) . The extracted plasmid was digested with restriction endonuclease Kpn I and subjected to RFLP identification. The results after electrophoresis showed that the digested bands were consistent with the predicted bands, proving that mini-F was correctly inserted into the SC9-2 genome, between US10 and Sorf3. For further identification, the rSC9-2-BAC plasmid was transfected into CEF cells according to the instructions of the LipofectamineTM3000 kit. After culturing for 5 days in a 37℃, 5%incubator, obvious green plaques appeared, proving that rSC9-2-BAC virus was successfully rescued.
[0273] 8) Electroporation of rSC9-2-BAC plasmid into gs1783 competent cells
[0274] For subsequent gene deletion and insertion, the rSC9-2-BAC plasmid was electroporated into gs1783 E. coli competent cells containing redE / T recombinase (this strain is maintained by the Innovation Center Laboratory of Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (China) Co., Ltd. ) .
[0275] 1ug of rSC9-2-BAC plasmid was added into a 1mm electroporation cup containing 50ul of the freshly prepared gs1783 competent cells, and electroporation was performed on an electroporation instrument at 2000 kV, 25 μF, 200Ω. The electroporated cells were resuspended in 800ul of LB medium and added to a 1.5ml centrifuge tube, shake and cultured in a 32℃ shaking incubator for 1 hour. 100ul was taken and applied to the LB culture plate containing chloramphenicol, and the culture plate was placed in a 32℃incubator for 48 hours. A single colony was picked into 5 ml of LB liquid medium containing chloramphenicol and cultured with shaking at 32℃ for 16 hours. 600ul gs1783-rSC9-2-BAC bacterial liquid was taken and 400ul 40%glycerol was added, mixed thoroughly and frozen in a -80℃ refrigerator for subsequent gene deletion and exogenous gene insertion operations.
[0276] 2.1.2 Construction of recombinant serotype I Marek's disease virus containing HA gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus
[0277] Primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were prepared from 9 or 10-day-old SPF chicken embryos (purchased from Jinan SPAFAS Company) according to conventional methods; the pUC57-SV40-H9HA-kana-PolyASV40 plasmid was synthesized by Nanjing GenScript Company.
[0278] The specific steps are as follows.
[0279] A. PCR amplification of UL2-SV40-H9HA-kana-UL3 fragment
[0280] (1) the pUC57-SV40-H9HA-kana-PolyASV40 plasmid was used as a template, and primers L2L3HA-F and L2L3HA-R were used to amplify SV40-H9HA-kana-PolyASV40 and introduce 50 bp upstream homology arm and 50 bp downstream homology arm of the insertion site gene. Ordinary agarose gel DNA recovery kit was used to recover the amplified fragment, and the foreign gene fragment UL2-SV40-H9HA-kana-PolyASV40-UL3 with 50bp homologous arms on both sides was obtained.
[0281] B. Prepare gS1783-rSC9-2-BAC competent cells and insert the H9HA gene
[0282] (1) gS1783-rSC9-2-BAC cryopreserved bacteria were recovered in LB solid culture plates containing chloramphenicol, and cultured at 32℃ for 48 hours;
[0283] (2) a single colony of gS1783-rSC9-2-BAC was picked and inoculated into 5 mL LB liquid medium, and cultured at 32℃ overnight to obtain a seed liquid;
[0284] (3) 1 mL of seed liquid was added to 100 mL of LB liquid culture medium, and shaken at 32℃ until the OD600 value between 0.4 and 0.6;
[0285] (4) the obtained bacterial solution was cultured in a 42℃ water bath with shaking for 15 minutes;
[0286] (5) the bacterial solution obtained in step (4) was immediately put into the ice-water mixture and cooled for 20 minutes;
[0287] (6) the cooled bacterial liquid was centrifuged at 4℃ and 5000rpm for 5 minutes to remove the supernatant;
[0288] (7) the bacterial cells were resuspended on ice with pre-cooled 10%glycerol, and centrifuged at 4℃and 5000rpm for 5 minutes to remove the supernatant;
[0289] (8) step (7) was repeated 2 times;
[0290] (9) 10%glycerol was added to the bacterial cells obtained in step (7) , the bacterial solution was diluted to 500 μL, and aliquoted into pre-cooled EP tubes (50 μL each tube) to obtain gS1783-rSC9-2-BAC electroporation competent cells.
[0291] (10) 300ng of the target DNA fragment UL2-SV40-H9HA-kana-PolyASV40-UL3 DNA fragment was added to 50 μl of electroporation competent cells. After mixing, the competent cells and the targeted fragments were added together to the bottom of a 1mm pre-cooled electroshock cup, 25μF, 200 Ω for electroporation;
[0292] (11) 900 μL LB liquid medium was used to resuspend the electroporated cells, the bacteria were shaken at 32℃ for 1 hour, centrifuged at 4500g for 2 minutes, and the supernatant was discarded; the pellet was resuspended in 100 μL LB liquid medium, and applied to kanamycin and chloramphenicol dual antibiotics LB solid medium plate, cultured at 32℃ for 48 hours;
[0293] (12) a single colony was picked and inoculated in 80 ml of LB liquid culture medium containing kanamycin and chloramphenicol dual antibiotics;
[0294] (13) the rSC9-2-BAC-UL2-SV40-H9HA-kana-PolyASV40-UL3 plasmid was extracted using the QIAGEN Plasmid Midi Kit;
[0295] (14) PCR and RFLP were used to identify the above plasmids, and the positive clone gS1783-rSC9-2-BAC-UL2-SV40-H9HA-kana-PolyASV40-UL3 was obtained, and the bacterial solution corresponding to the correct plasmid was frozen in a -80℃ refrigerator.
[0296] C. Deletion of I_SceI-Kana fragment
[0297] (1) the above gS1783-rSC9-2-BAC-UL2-SV40-H9HA-kana-PolyASV40-UL3 bacterial liquid was inoculated into 2 mL of chloramphenicol-containing LB liquid medium at a ratio of 1: 1000, and cultured at 32℃ overnight to obtain a seed liquid ;
[0298] (2) 50 μL of seed solution was inoculated into 2 mL of LB liquid medium containing chloramphenicol, and cultured at 32℃ for 3 hours until the OD of the bacterial solution between 0.4-0.6;
[0299] (3) 2 mL of 2%L-arabinose was added to the obtained bacterial solution and incubated at 32℃ for 1 hour;
[0300] (4) the bacterial solution obtained in step (3) was immediately placed into a 42℃ water bath and cultured for 30 minutes;
[0301] (5) after culturing the bacterial liquid obtained in step (4) at 32℃ for 1 hour, 100 μL of bacterial liquid was added to 900 ul of LB liquid culture medium, mixed well, and 100 ul solution was applied on LB solid medium plate containing chloramphenicol and 1%L-arabinose, cultured at 32℃ for 24h to 48h;
[0302] (6) the single colonies obtained in step (5) were selected for parallel screening on LB solid medium plates containing chloramphenicol and kanamycin and on LB solid medium plates with chloramphenicol only; the colonies that did not grow on LB solid medium with chloramphenicol and kanamycin but grown on LB solid medium with chloramphenicol only were expanded. Plasmid was extracted using the QIAGEN Plasmid Midi Kit, then identified by PCR and RFLP methods. And the positive clone gS1783-rSC9-2-BAC-UL2-SV40-H9HA-PolyASV40-UL3 was obtained.
[0303] D. Homologous recombination to delete the mini-F sequence
[0304] (1) the extracted SC9-2 viral DNA was used as a template, miniF-HR-F and miniF-HR-R were used as primers to amplify the upstream and downstream homology arms of mini-F by PCR, and purified mini-F homology arm fragments were obtained by gel recover;
[0305] (2) chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were prepared and inoculated into a 6-well plate. After culturing for 24 hours in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator, rSC9-2-BAC-UL2-SV40-H9HA-PolyASV40-UL3 plasmid and mini-F fragment were co-transfected using Lipofectamine 3000. The plaques were observed after 120 hours, and individual GFP-negative plaques were picked under a fluorescence microscope and inoculated into the CEF cells cultured for 24h. Three rounds of plaque purification were carried out in this way, and the recombinant Marek's disease virus rSC9-2-UL2-SV40-H9HA-UL3 containing the HA gene of the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus was obtained.
[0306] 2.2 Construction of recombinant virus rSC9-2-UL55-SV40-H9HA-Lorf10
[0307] A recombinant Marek's disease virus rSC9-2-UL55-SV40-H9HA-Lorf10 containing the HA gene of the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus was obtained with a method similar to the construction of rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 as mentioned above.
[0308] Example 3. Construction of recombinant serotype 1 Marek's disease virus expressing gD, gI and partial gE of infectious laryngotracheitis virus
[0309] Using the serotype 1 Marek's disease virus SC9-2 strain as a vector, the infectious laryngotracheitis virus gD, gI and partial gE gene sequence was inserted into the SC9-2 genome between UL55 and Lorf10, or between UL2 and UL3, respectively. The recombinant serotype 1 Marek's disease virus expressing infectious laryngotracheitis virus gD, gI and partial gE gene was finally successfully constructed: rSC9-2 / UL55-Native-ILTgD-gI- / gE / -Lorf10, and rSC9-2 / UL2-Native-ILTgD-gI- / gE / -UL3.
[0310] Materials and reagents used in the construction process:
[0311] 1. Cells, virus strains, plasmids
[0312] Primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were prepared from 9 to11-day-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryos (purchased from Beijing Boehringer Ingelheim Vital Biotechnology Co., Ltd. ) according to routine method.
[0313] The serotype I Marek's disease virus SC9-2 parent strain was purchased from Shandong Agricultural University (Chinese Patent Publication No: CN102628053A) . The SC9-2 strain used in this study was obtained by continuously passaging and amplifying the original SC9-2 strain on chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) . Then safety and efficacy of this strain were tested, and the results showed that the SC9-2 strain can provide ≥90%protection against Marek's disease virus very virulent strain Md5. Safety experiments on one-day-old SPF chickens showed that this strain did not cause clinical sign, death or tumors in SPF chickens, proving that this strain is safe for chickens.
[0314] The SC9-2 virus was deposited according to Budapest Treaty on December 15, 2023 at CHINA CENTER FOR TYPE CULTURE COLLECTION (Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China) , under the accession number CCTCC No: V2023114.
[0315] pUC57-ILT-gD-gI- / gE / plasmid was synthesized by GenScript Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and preserved at Global Innovation China Center Laboratory of Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (China) Co., Ltd.
[0316] 2. Molecular biology reagents
[0317] Plasmid midi kit QIAGEN Plasmid Midi Kit (purchased from QIAGEN) ; Gel Extraction Kit (purchased from QIAGEN) ; Viral DNA extraction kit DNA / RNA Virus Mini Kit (INVITEK, Germany) ; Kpn I (purchased from NEB Company) ; Xho I (purchased from NEB Company) ; PrimeSTAR Max (purchased from TaKaRa Company) .
[0318] Specific construction process
[0319] 1. SC9-2 virus genomic DNA extraction
[0320] (1) SC9-2 virus was taken out from the liquid nitrogen tank and quickly placed into a 37℃ water bath for rapid thawing;
[0321] (2) 3х107.0 primary CEF cells were infected with SC9-2 at an infection dose of 0.01 MOI, and the infected cells were inoculated into T75 cell flask;
[0322] (3) cells were harvested approximately 60 hours after infection (cytopathic effect reached approximately 60%) ;
[0323] (4) the total nucleic acid extraction HIRT method was used to extract SC9-2 viral DNA, the extracted viral DNA (20μl / vial) was aliquoted and stored in a -80℃ refrigerator for later use.
[0324] 2. Preparation of donor plasmid
[0325] (1) the pUC57-ILT-gD-gI- / gE / plasmid was amplified in bacteria cells, extracted and purified using a QIAGEN Plasmid Midi Kit;
[0326] (2) the extracted plasmid was dual digested with Kpn I and Xho I endonucleases at 37℃ for 3 hours;
[0327] (3) the enzyme digestion products were subject to 0.8%agarose gel electrophoresis, then, the target fragment is cut and recovered using a Gel Extraction Kit.
[0328] 3. Construction of recombinant virus by homologous recombination method
[0329] (1) primary CEF cells were plated into a T175 cell flask and cultured in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 20 hours; the supernatant was discarded and the cells were washed once with sterile PBS; trypsin was added to digest the adherent CEF cells to prepare secondary CEF cells;
[0330] (2) 1х107.0 secondary CEF cells, 10 μg SC9-2 viral genomic DNA, and 5 μg gel-recovered double-digested donor plasmid fragment were placed into a 1.5 ml EP tube and mixed, then the mixed solution was transferred into a pre-cooled 2mm electroporation cup for electroporation (150V, 950μF) ;
[0331] (3) the transfected cells were resuspended in 20ml of cell growth medium, shaken and mixed, then plated into a 96-well cell culture plate, 200μl / well, and placed in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 5 days;
[0332] (4) the supernatant in the 96-well cell culture plate was discarded, trypsin (50μL / well) was added into the cell culture plate for digestion in a 37℃ cell culture incubator, and growth medium (150μL / well) was added to resuspend the cells after dispersed into single cells;
[0333] (5) the cell suspension in step (4) was added to two new 96-well cell culture plates seeded with secondary CEF cells (100 μL / well) , allowing the corresponding wells of the old plate and the new plates in one-to-one correspondence, respectively; the two new plates were labeled as plate "A" and plate "B" and placed in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 3 days;
[0334] (6) the supernatant in the 96-well cell culture plate "A" was discarded, 96%cold ethanol (pre-cooled at -20℃) was added to fix the cells in the plate "A" (100 μL / well) at room temperature for 10 minutes; the solution was discarded, and the cell plate was dried naturally at room temperature;
[0335] (7) the dual indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to stain the fixed cells; diluted anti-ILTV gD protein monoclonal antibody and anti-ILTV gI protein monoclonal antibody were added to the wells (gD protein monoclonal antibody diluted at 1: 500, gI protein monoclonal antibody diluted at 1: 200) , incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour; the primary antibodies were discarded and the wells were washed 3 times with PBS; anti-human IgG secondary antibody and anti-pig IgG secondary antibody (Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-Human IgG (H+L) , purchased from Invitrogen Company, and Dylight 594 goat anti-Pig IgG (H+L) , purchased from Abcam Company) , were added to each well at the same time, incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour; the two antibodies were discarded and the wells were washed 3 times with PBS, observed under a fluorescence microscope; wells that shown both green and red fluoresce were selected and labeled;
[0336] (8) the wells in the 96-well cell culture plate "B" corresponding to the positive wells in the plate "A" labeled in step (7) were selected; the cell supernatant was discarded, the wells were washed once with sterile PBS, and trypsin (50 μL / well) was added for digestion at 37℃ for 5 minutes; growth solution (150μL / well) was added to resuspend the digested cells.
[0337] 4. Purification of recombinant viruses
[0338] The rescued recombinant virus was purified using the limiting dilution method.
[0339] (1) the recombinant virus suspension harvested in step 3- (8) was added to a 15ml centrifuge tube 1 containing 5ml of cell growth medium; shaken and mixed; 0.5 ml of virus solution centrifuge tube 1 was transferred to a new 15 ml centrifuge tube 2 containing 4.5 ml of cell growth medium, shaken and mixed; 0.5 ml of virus solution from tube 2 was transferred to a new 15 ml centrifuge tube 3 containing 4.5 ml of cell growth medium;
[0340] (2) the virus dilutions in centrifuge tubes 2 and 3 were used to infect a new 96-well cell culture plate inoculated with secondary CEF cells; half of a 96-well plate (100μL / well) was inoculated for each dilution and placed in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 5 days;
[0341] (3) the supernatant in the 96-well cell culture plate was discarded, trypsin (50μL / well) was added, and then the cell culture plate was placed in a 37℃ cell culture incubator for digestion; after the cells were dispersed into single cells, growth solution (150 μL / well) was added for resuspension.
[0342] (4) the cell suspension in step (3) was added to two new 96-well cell culture plates seeded with secondary CEF cells (100 μL / well) , allowing the corresponding holes of the old plate and the new plates in one-to-one correspondence; the two new plates were labeled as plate "A" and plate "B" and placed in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 3 days;
[0343] (5) the supernatant in the 96-well cell culture plate "A" was discarded, 96%cold ethanol (pre-cooled at -20℃) was added to fix the cells in the plate "A" (100 μL / well) at room temperature for 10 minutes; the solution was discarded, and the cell plate was dried naturally at room temperature;
[0344] (6) the dual indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to stain the fixed cells; diluted anti-ILTV gD protein monoclonal antibody and anti-ILTV gI protein monoclonal antibody were added to the wells (gD protein monoclonal antibody diluted at 1: 500, gI protein monoclonal antibody diluted at 1: 200) , incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour; the primary antibodies were discarded and the wells were washed 3 times with PBS; anti-human IgG secondary antibody and anti-pig IgG secondary antibody (Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-Human IgG (H+L) , purchased from Invitrogen Company, and Dylight 594 goat anti-Pig IgG (H+L) , purchased from Abcam Company) , were added to each well at the same time, incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour; the two antibodies were discarded and the wells were washed 3 times with PBS, observed under a fluorescence microscope; wells that shown both green and red fluoresce were selected and labeled;
[0345] (7) the wells in the 96-well cell culture plate "B" corresponding to the positive wells in the plate "A" labeled in step (6) were selected; the cell supernatant was discarded, the wells were washed once with sterile PBS, and trypsin (50 μL / well) was added for digestion at 37℃ for 5 minutes; growth solution (150μL / well) was added to resuspend the digested cells;
[0346] (8) 100 μL of cell suspension from the positive well in cell plate "B" was used to extract the viral genomic DNA according to the instructions of the DNA / RNA Virus Mini Kit, and primers were used amplify recombinant virus insert gene fragments; after amplification, the product was added to a 0.8%agarose gel for electrophoresis at 100V voltage for 60 minutes; the gel was placed in a UV imager to observe the band distribution of the amplification product. If a single target band appears, it indicates that the recombinant virus has been completely purified. If there are two bands of the sizes of the target fragment and the parent virus fragment or a single band of the size of the parental virus fragment, it indicates that the recombinant virus has not been completely purified, and the remaining virus suspension in the positive well needs to be subjected to the next round of limited dilution purification method according to the above-mentioned relevant operations.
[0347] Example 4. Preparation of recombinant virus seed batches and testing of in vitro properties
[0348] 1. Preparation and in vitro characterization of recombinant serotype I Marek's disease virus seed batch expressing the F gene of Newcastle disease virus.
[0349] 1.1 Preparation of seed batches
[0350] The recombinant serotype I Marek's disease virus rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 containing the F gene of Newcastle disease virus constructed above was continuously passaged and amplified on chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) . These continuously passaged viruses were harvested and stored in liquid nitrogen tanks for subsequent efficacy research.
[0351] 1.2 Identification of in vitro characters
[0352] 1.2.1 Identification of NDV-F gene stability.
[0353] The recombinant Marek's disease virus containing the chicken Newcastle disease virus F gene was continuously passaged to Passage 15 on CEFs. rSC9-2 recombinant virus DNA of the 5th, 10th, and 15th passages were extracted using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (purchased from QIAGEN Company) and amplified by PCR using primers for identifying the insertion of the F gene. Sequencing of the PCR products confirmed that the F gene inserted in the SC9-2 genome was stable.
[0354] 1.2.2 Sterility and mycoplasma testing.
[0355] Conventional methods for sterility testing and qPCR methods for mycoplasma testing were used. The results showed that these recombinant viruses were free of any exogenous microbial contamination.
[0356] 1.2.3 In vitro growth kinetic analysis of the recombinant Marek's disease virus
[0357] 100 PFU of the recombinant viruses and the parental virus SC9-2 were inoculated into CEF cells in a six-well plate, and the viruses were harvested every 24 hours (n=3 for each time point) until 144 hours post-infection. The titers of the viruses harvested at each time point were measured and a growth curve was drawn. The results showed that there are no significant difference between the recombinant viruses and the parental virus, indicating that the gene insertion have no impact to the virus replication on CEFs.
[0358] 1.2.4 Titration
[0359] CEF cells were used to determine the titer (PFU) of the recombinant Marek's disease virus. The results are shown in the table below:
[0360] 1.3 Identification of the expression of NDV-F protein.
[0361] The recombinant Marek's disease virus containing the Newcastle disease virus F gene was infected into a CEF pre-seeded 24-well plate with a dilution of 10-2 to10-4, then cultured in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 5 days, and dual immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of NDV-F protein.
[0362] Dual immunofluorescence assay steps: when observed obvious plaques, the cell culture medium was discarded, the cells were washed lightly with PBS once, then pre-cold 96%ethanol was added to each well for fixing at room temperature for 10 minutes, the 96%ethanol was discarded, and dried naturally; then 200-fold diluted anti-NDV chicken serum and MDV mouse monoclonal antibody (purchased from Shandong Agricultural University) were added, incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour; the antibodies were discarded, and cells were washed 3 times with PBS; anti-chicken and anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-chicken IgG (H+L) and Alexa Fluor 596 donkey anti-mouse IgG (H+L) , purchased from Invitrogen) were added, incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour; secondary antibodies were discarded and cells were washed three times with PBS and observed under a fluorescence microscope. The plaques of the recombinant Marek's disease virus containing the Newcastle disease F gene showed specific fluorescence for MDV and NDV. The results showed that all recombinant viruses expressed NDV-F protein in CEFs.
[0363] 2. Preparation and in vitro characterization of recombinant serotype I Marek's disease virus seed batch expressing H9N2 subtype avian influenza HA gene.
[0364] 2.1 Preparation of seed batches
[0365] The recombinant serotype I Marek's disease virus rSC9-2 UL55-SV40-H9HA-Lorf10 and rSC9-2 UL2-SV40-H9HA-UL3 constructed above were passaged and expanded on CEF cells. These continuously passaged viruses were harvested and stored in liquid nitrogen tanks for subsequent efficacy research.
[0366] 2.2 Identification of in vitro characters
[0367] 2.2.1 Identification of HA gene stability.
[0368] The recombinant Marek's disease virus containing the H9N2 avian influenza subtype HA gene was continuously passaged to passage 15 on CEF, and rSC9-2 recombinant viruses DNA of the 5th, 10th, and 15th passages were extracted with QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (purchased from QIAGEN Company) . HA gene insertion was identified by PCR amplification with primers. Sequencing of the PCR products confirmed that the HA gene inserted in SC9-2 genome was stable.
[0369] 2.2.2 Sterility and mycoplasma testing.
[0370] Conventional methods for sterility testing and qPCR methods for mycoplasma testing were used. The results showed that these recombinant viruses were free of any exogenous microbial contamination.
[0371] 2.2.3 Titer determination
[0372] CEF cells were used to determine the titer (PFU) of the recombinant Marek's disease virus. The results are shown in the table below:
[0373] 2.3 Identification of the expression of H9HA protein.
[0374] The recombinant Marek's disease virus containing the H9HA gene was inoculated into a CEF pre-seeded 24-well plate with a dilution of 10-2 to10-4, cultured in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 5 days, and dual immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of H9HA protein.
[0375] Dual immunofluorescence assay steps: when observed obvious plaques, the cell culture medium was discard, the cells were washed lightly with PBS once, then pre-cold 96%ethanol was added to each well for fixing at room temperature for 10 minutes, the 96%ethanol was discarded, and dried naturally; then 200-fold diluted anti-H9N2 HA rabbit polyclonal antibody and MDV mouse monoclonal antibody (purchased from Shandong Agricultural University) were added, incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour; the antibodies were discarded, and cells were washed 3 times with PBS; anti-rabbit and anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) and Alexa Fluor 596 donkey anti-mouse IgG (H+L) , purchased from Invitrogen) were added, incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour; secondary antibodies were discarded and cells were washed three times with PBS and observed under a fluorescence microscope. The plaques of the recombinant Marek's disease virus containing the H9N2 HA gene showed specific fluorescence for MDV and H9HA. The results showed that all recombinant viruses expressed H9HA protein in CEFs.
[0376] 3. Preparation and in vitro characterization of recombinant serotype 1 Marek's disease virus seed batch expressing infectious laryngotracheitis virus gD, gI and partial gE gene
[0377] 3.1 Preparation of seed batches
[0378] The recombinant serotype 1 Marek's disease virus containing infectious laryngotracheitis virus gD, gI and partial gE genes constructed above rSC9-2 / UL55-Native-ILTgD-gI- / gE / -Lorf10, rSC9-2 / UL2-Native-ILTgD-gI- / gE / -UL3 F were continuously passaged and expanded on chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) . These expanded viruses were harvested and stored in liquid nitrogen tanks for subsequent safety evaluation and efficacy studies.
[0379] 3.2 Identification of in vitro characters
[0380] 3.2.1 The recombinant serotype 1 Marek's disease virus containing infectious laryngotracheitis virus gD, gI and partial gE was continuously passaged on CEF cells for 15 passages, and the 10th and 15th passages were used to extract DNA using DNA / RNA Virus Mini Kit (purchased from INVITEK, Germany) . The inserted gene was identified by PCR amplification with specific primers. The PCR amplification products were sequenced, and the results showed that the inserted gD, gI and partial gE gene in SC9-2 genome are stable..
[0381] 3.2.2 Sterility and mycoplasma testing.
[0382] Conventional methods for sterility testing and qPCR methods for mycoplasma testing were used. The results showed that these recombinant viruses were free of any exogenous microbial contamination.
[0383] 3.2.3 Titer determination:
[0384] CEF cells were used to determine the titer (PFU) of the recombinant Marek's disease virus. The results are shown in the table below:
[0385] 3.3 Expression of ILTV-gD and ILTV-gI genes
[0386] The serotype 1 Marek's disease virus containing infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) gD and gI genes was used to infect CEF cells at a dose of 0.001 MOI into a 60mm cell culture dish. After inoculation, the dish was placed at 37℃ and 5%CO2, cultured for about 3 days, and plaque formation was observed under a white light microscope. After obvious plaques were observed, the cell supernatant in the plate was removed, pre-cold 96%ethanol was added to the plate to fix the cells, placed at room temperature for 10 minutes; the ethanol was removed, and cells were dried naturally at room temperature, and dual immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the protein expression of ILTV gD and gI in the recombinant viruses.
[0387] Dual immunofluorescence assay steps: diluted anti-ILTV gD monoclonal antibody and anti-ILTV gI monoclonal antibody (gD monoclonal antibody diluted at 1: 500, gI monoclonal antibody diluted at 1: 200) were added to the dish respectively, and incubated at 37℃ for 1 hours; the primary antibodies were discarded and the cells were washed 3 times with PBS; anti-human IgG secondary antibody (1: 200 dilution, Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-Human IgG (H+L) , purchased from Invitrogen) and anti-pig IgG secondary antibody (1:200 dilution, Dylight 594 goat anti-Pig IgG (H+L) , purchased from Abcam company) were added to each well., incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour; the antibodies were discarded and the cells were washed 3 times with PBS; observed under a fluorescence microscope. The results showed that the specific green and red fluorescence of gD and gI proteins could be observed for all recombinant viruses, indicating that all recombinant viruses can normally express infectious laryngotracheitis virus gD and gI proteins in CEF cells.
[0388] Example 5. Efficacy test of recombinant SC9-2 live vector vaccine candidate expressing H9N2-HA
[0389] 5.1 Experimental design
[0390] In this example, two recombinant serotype I Marek's disease virus live vector vaccine candidate strains expressing the HA gene of avian influenza virus (H9 subtype) were inoculated into 1-day-old SPF chickens via subcutaneous route. At the 28 days post vaccination, chickens were challenged with avian influenza virus (H9 subtype) challenge strain (A / chicken / Jiangsu / TX10 / 2010 strain) . The aim is to evaluate the immunogenicity of vaccine candidate strains against virus challenge.
[0391] The recombinant viruses used in this example include rSC9-2 UL55-SV40-H9HA-Lorf10 and rSC9-2 UL2-SV40-H9HA-UL3 obtained above.
[0392] On the day the test started (i.e., the day the SPF chickens hatched) , 30 1-day-old SPF chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups (SPF chicken embryos were purchased from Beijing Boehringer Ingelheim Vital Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and hatched in Animal Experiment Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (China) Co., Ltd. ) , 10 animals per group. Groups 1 to 2 were vaccination groups, and group 3 was the challenge control group. As shown in Table 1, all chickens were subcutaneously inoculated with the corresponding materials. After vaccination, all chickens underwent clinical observation for 28 days. On 28 days post vaccination, all chickens were challenged with 0.2 ml of H9subtype avian influenza virus via intranasal route, and the challenge dose was 106.0 EID50 / bird. The experimental design and grouping are shown in Table 1.
[0393] Table 1 Experimental design and grouping
[0394] After vaccination, all chickens were observed once a day continuously for 28 days, to observe abnormal symptoms, including but not limited to: depression, shrinkage of the head and neck, loose feathers, drooping wings, paralysis and weakness of both feet, tears, eyelid edema, secretions from the nose, or varying degrees of swelling of the head and neck, with a fluctuating sensation when touched, etc.
[0395] At 28 days after vaccination, blood samples from all chickens were collected before challenge, and serum was collected by centrifugation for H9 subtype avian influenza HI antibody detection.
[0396] At 5 days after challenge, oropharyngeal swabs and cloacal swabs of all experimental chickens were collected for H9 virus isolation. If the virus isolation result is negative, the vaccine candidate strain is determined to provide protection to the test chickens.
[0397] The specific operation is as follows: throat and cloaca cotton swabs were collected from all test chickens at 5 days after challenge. The collected cotton swabs were placed into a centrifuge tube containing 1.6 ml of six-antibody buffer. All cotton swab samples were used for virus isolation by inoculation to chicken embryos: each cotton swab sample was inoculated to five 9 to 11-day-old SPF chicken embryos through the allantoic cavity, with 0.2 ml per embryo, incubated for 96 hours, then the allantoic fluid were harvested for HA titers testing. As long as the HA titer of one chicken embryo is more than 1: 16, it can be determined as positive for H9 virus isolation. Samples with negative virus isolation were blindly passaged for one generation, and then determined again. If it is still negative after blind passage, the sample is determined to be negative for H9 virus isolation; if it is positive after blind passage, the sample is determined to be positive for H9 virus isolation.
[0398] 5.2 Results of H9 HI antibody levels in test chickens
[0399] At 28 days after vaccination, the blood of test chickens in each group was collected before challenge, and the serum was separated for H9 HI antibody test. The results showed that the H9 HI antibodies in the serum of all the chickens in Group 3 (challenge control group) were negative, and the average HI antibody titer of the test chickens in Groups 1 and 2 was lower than 5 log2. The average HI antibody titer of chicken serum used in each group of tests is shown in Table 2.
[0400] Table 2 Serum HI antibody titers of test chickens in each group
[0401] 5.3 Protection rate of recombinant viruses against H9N2 challenge
[0402] At 5 days after the challenge, Oropharyngeal swabs and cloacal swabs of the test chickens in each group were collected for H9N2 virus isolation. The results showed that the virus isolation of the 10 test chickens in Group 3 (challenge control group) was all positive, that is, the positive rate of virus isolation from the test chickens in the challenge control group was 100%, and the challenge control was effective. The H9N2 virus isolation results from swab samples of other groups and the protection rate against H9N2 are shown in Table 3.
[0403] Table 3 H9N2 virus isolation results and protection rate against H9N2
[0404] 5.4 Conclusion
[0405] The recombinant Marek's disease virus live vector vaccine candidate strains expressing the HA gene of avian influenza virus (H9 subtype) studied in this example can provide different degrees of protection against H9N2 challenge.
[0406] Example 6. Efficacy test of recombinant SC9-2 live vector vaccine candidate expressing NDV-F
[0407] 6.1 Experimental design
[0408] In this example, the recombinant serotype I Marek's disease virus live vector vaccine candidate expressing Newcastle disease virus F gene was inoculated into 1-day-old SPF chickens via subcutaneous route. At 28 days after vaccination, all the chickens were challenged with the virulent Beijing strain of chicken Newcastle disease virus CVCC AV1611 (purchased from the Bacteria and Virus Culture Collection Center of China Veterinary Drug Supervision Institute) . The aim is to evaluate the immune protective efficacy of vaccine candidate strain against virus challenge.
[0409] The recombinant virus used in this example is rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 obtained in the above example.
[0410] On the day the test started (i.e., the day the SPF test chickens hatched) , 30 1-day-old SPF chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups (SPF chicken embryos were purchased from Beijing Boehringer Ingelheim Vital Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and hatched in Animal Experiment Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (China) Co., Ltd. ) . Group 1 was the vaccination group, with 20 chickens; Group 2 is the challenge control group, with 10 chickens. As shown in Table 1, all test chickens were subcutaneously inoculated with the corresponding materials. After vaccination, all test chickens underwent clinical observation for 28 days. At 28 days post vaccination, all test chickens were challenged with 0.1 ml of virulent Newcastle disease Beijing strain via intramuscular route, and the challenge dose was 104.0ELD50 / bird. The experimental design and grouping are shown in Table 4.
[0411] Table 4 Experimental design and grouping
[0412] After vaccination, all test chickens were observed continuously for 28 days. General clinical observations were conducted daily, and abnormalities in spirit, feed intake, breathing, and defecation of the test chickens were recorded.
[0413] At 28 days after vaccination, blood samples were collected from all test chickens through the wing veins before challenge, and the serum was separated, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect Newcastle disease virus antibodies.
[0414] The test chickens were observed continuously for 14 days post challenge. Clinical observations and scoring were conducted on the test chickens one by one daily. The scoring rules are as follows:
[0415] - 0 points, normal;
[0416] - 1 point, positive for ND infection, clinical symptoms include but not limited to: depression, lethargy, ruffled feathers, dyspnea, nervous symptoms (head or muscular tremors, torticollis, paralysis) , oral and nasal salivation, conjunctivitis (need to exclude ammonia cases caused by excessive concentration) , facial swelling, etc.
[0417] At the end of the experiment, all surviving chickens were euthanized without necropsy.
[0418] 6.2 ND antibody levels in test chickens
[0419] At 28 days post vaccination, the blood samples were collected, and centrifuged to separate the serum. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect the Newcastle disease virus antibodies in the serum. The test results are shown in Table 5. rSC9-2 / UL55-NDF-Lorf10-P7 vaccination can induce a good humoral immune response in the body, and the antibody conversion rate was 100%.
[0420] Table 5 serum HI antibody titers of test chickens in each group
[0421] 6.3 Protection rate of recombinant virus against NDV challenge
[0422] After vaccination with rSC9-2 / UL55-NDF-Lorf10, no chickens in the vaccination group died after challenge. At the same time, no clinical symptoms of Newcastle disease occurred, and the protection rate against the virus was 100%. All test chickens in the challenge control group died within 4 days post challenge. The results of death, incidence, and protection rate after challenge in each test group are shown in Table 6. Table 6 Protection of each test group after ND challenge
[0423] 6.4 Conclusion
[0424] The recombinant Marek's disease virus live vector vaccine candidate strain expressing Newcastle disease virus F gene used in this example can provide 100%protection against ND challenge and is an ideal vaccine candidate strain for ND.
[0425] Example 7. Efficacy test of recombinant SC9-2 live vector vaccine candidate expressing infectious laryngotracheitis virus gD, gI and partial gE
[0426] 7.1 Experimental design
[0427] In this example, two recombinant serotype 1 Marek's disease virus live vector vaccine candidate strains expressing infectious laryngotracheitis virus gD, gI and partial gE gene were inoculated into 1-day-old SPF chickens via the subcutaneous route. At 28 days post vaccination, a virulent challenge strain of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILT / 13 strain) was used for challenge. The aim is to evaluate the immune protective efficacy of vaccine candidate strains against virus challenge.
[0428] The recombinant viruses used in this example include rSC9-2 / UL55-Native-ILTgD-gI- / gE / -Lorf10 and rSC9-2 / UL2-Native-ILTgD-gI- / gE / -UL3 as obtain in the above example.
[0429] On the day the trial started (i.e., the day the SPF test chickens hatched) , 36 1-day-old SPF chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups (SPF chicken embryos were purchased from Beijing Boehringer Ingelheim Vital Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and hatched in Animal Experiment Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (China) Co., Ltd. ) , 12 animals per group. Groups 1 and 2 are vaccination groups, and group 3 is the challenge control group. As shown in Table 1, all test chickens were subcutaneously inoculated with the corresponding test materials. After vaccination, all test chickens underwent clinical observation for 28 days. At 28 days post challenge, all test chickens were challenged with 0.2 ml of the virulent ILT / 13 strain through the intratracheal route, and the challenge dose was 103.0 TCID50 / bird. The experimental design and grouping are shown in Table 7.
[0430] Table 7 Experimental design and grouping
[0431] After vaccination, general clinical observation was conducted on all test chickens once a day for 28 consecutive days.
[0432] At 28 days post vaccination (the day of challenge) , blood samples from each test chickens were collected before challenge, and the serum was separated and used for ILTV antibody detection. After blood collection, all the test chickens in groups 1 to 3 were challenged with 0.2 ml ILTV ILT / 13 strains via the intratracheal route, the dose of virus challenge is 103.0TCID50 / bird. After challenge, all test chickens were clinically observed twice a day (once in the morning and once in the afternoon) for 10 consecutive days. At 10 days after challenge, all surviving test chickens in the test groups were euthanized (after clinical observation in the afternoon) . The gross pathology of the trachea was observed in the test chickens that died after the challenge and in the test chickens that were euthanized at the end of the experiment.
[0433] 7.2 Protection of recombinant virus against ILT / 13 challenge
[0434] The morbidity of chickens in different groups was calculated. The results showed that the morbidity of test chickens in the challenge control group was 92%, and the challenge control was effective. The morbidity of chickens in the other three groups and the protection rates of the corresponding vaccine candidate strains are shown in Table 8.
[0435] Table 8. Mortality, morbidity and vaccine protection rates of different groups of test chickens
[0436] *One chicken in Group 2 died after immunization.
[0437] 7.3 Conclusion
[0438] The recombinant serotype 1 Marek's disease virus live vector vaccine candidate strains studied in this example expressing infectious laryngotracheitis virus gD, gI and partial gE gene can provide varying degrees of protection against virulent ILT / 13 challenge.
[0439] Sequences involved in the present application:
Claims
1.A recombinant Marek's Disease Virus comprising at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10, or a position between UL2 and UL3.2.The recombinant virus of claim 1, wherein the recombinant virus is derived from a serotype 1 MDV strain, preferably, an attenuated serotype 1 MDV strain.3.The recombinant virus of claim 2, wherein serotype 1 MDV strain is selected from the group consisting of Dutch CVI988 strain (Rispens) , Chinese 814 strain and SC9-2 strain.4.The recombinant virus of claim 3, wherein the recombinant virus is derived from the SC9-2 strain.5.The recombinant virus of claim 4, wherein the recombinant virus is derived from the SC9-2 strain deposited with CCTCC under the accession number: CCTCC No: V2023114 on December 15, 2023.6.The recombinant virus of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of a polypeptide of interest.7.The recombinant virus of claim 6, wherein the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the polypeptide of interest operably linked to an expression regulatory element, such as a promoter.8.The recombinant virus of claim 6 or 7, wherein the polypeptide of interest is an antigenic polypeptide.9.The recombinant virus of claim 8, wherein the antigenic polypeptide is an antigenic polypeptide from an avian pathogen.10.The recombinant virus of claim 9, wherein the avian pathogen is selected from Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) , Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) or Avian influenza virus.11.The recombinant virus of claim 10, wherein the antigenic polypeptide is selected from the F protein of NDV, the VP2 protein of IBDV, the gB protein gD protein, gI protein, and / or gE protein of ILTV, or the hemagglutinin (HA) of Avian influenza virus.12.The recombinant virus of any one of claims 7-11, wherein the promoter is selected from the chicken beta-actin (Bac) promoter, the Pec promoter, the Murine Cytomegalovirus (mCMV) immediate-early 1 promoter, the Human Cytomegalovirus (hCMV) promoter, the Simian virus (SV) 40 promoter, the Raus Sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter, and the gD native promotor of ILTV, the gI native promotor of ILTV.13.The recombinant virus of any one of claims 7-12, whereini) the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the F protein of NDV operably linked to the SV40 promoter;ii) the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the HA protein of H9 subtype AIV operably linked to the SV40 promoter; oriii) the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the gD, gI, and partial gE protein of ILTV operably linked to the gD native promotor of ILTV.14.The recombinant virus of any one of claims 1-13, whereini) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10,wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of F protein of NDV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the F protein is operably linked to the SV40 promoter;ii) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10,wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of HA protein of H9 subtype AIV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the HA protein is operably linked to the SV40 promoter;iii) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL2 and UL3,wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of HA protein of H9 subtype AIV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the HA protein is operably linked to the SV40 promoter;iv) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10,wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of the gD, gI, and partial gE of ILTV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the gD, gI, and partial gE is operably linked to the gD native promotor of ILTV; orv) the recombinant virus comprises at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence in the genome thereof, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is located at a position between UL2 and UL3,wherein the at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence is an expression cassette of the gD, gI, and partial gE of ILTV, in which the coding nucleotide sequence of the gD, gI, and partial gE is operably linked to the gD native promotor of ILTV.15.An immunogenic composition, comprising the recombinant virus of any one of claims 1-12, and optionally a pharmaceutical-or veterinary-acceptable carrier or excipient.16.The immunogenic composition of claim 13, which is a vaccine, and optionally comprises an adjuvant.17.Use of the recombinant virus of any one of claims 1-14 in preparation of an immunogenic composition for inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.18.The use of claim 17, wherein the pathogen is selected from MDV, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) or Avian influenza virus.19.The recombinant virus of any one of claims 1-14 or the immunogenic composition of claim 15 or 16, for use in a method of inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.20.The recombinant virus or immunogenic composition for use according to claim 19, wherein the pathogen is selected from MDV, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) or Avian influenza virus.21.A method of inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, said method comprising the step of administering to the animal the recombinant virus of any one of claims 1-14 or the immunogenic composition of claim 15 or 16, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the pathogen is selected from MDV, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) or Avian influenza virus.
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