GENERATION OF TOLEROGENIC ORGANS USING NORMOTHERMIC or HYPOTHERMIC PERFUSION PUMP WITH TREG CELL BASED IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH OR WITHOUT STEM CELLS
Ex vivo perfusion with Treg cells and optional stem cells in a normothermic or hypothermic circuit addresses the limitations of current transplantation methods by generating tolerogenic organs, improving long-term graft and patient survival through a more tolerogenic microenvironment.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/US2025/027097
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-04-30
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-06
AI Technical Summary
Current transplantation methods face challenges with long-term graft and patient survival due to side effects of immunosuppressant drugs, and the implementation of Treg cell therapy is limited by the lack of specific population information and in vitro expansion requirements.
A method involving ex vivo perfusion of donor organs or tissues using a normothermic or hypothermic perfusion circuit with Treg cells and optional stem cells to induce tolerogenicity, followed by transplantation.
This approach enhances the generation of tolerogenic organs, increasing the number and frequency of infiltrated suppressive Treg cells, creating a more tolerogenic microenvironment for successful transplantation and reducing the need for immunosuppressive drugs.
Abstract
Description
1 GENERATION OF TOLEROGENIC ORGANS USING NORMOTHERMIC or HYPOTHERMIC PERFUSION PUMP WITH TREG CELL BASED IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH OR WITHOUT STEM CELLS GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 63 / 640,542, filed April 30, 2024, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND
[0002] Transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end‐stage organ failure. The advent of pharmacologic‐induced immunosuppression over recent decades has greatly impacted the incidence of rejection and early allograft outcomes. However, long‐term graft and patient survival along with quality of life are still hindered by the side effects associated with immunosuppressant drugs. Patients undergoing transplantation have reported a high prevalence of complications such as renal dysfunction, new‐onset diabetes, and neurologic complications. Regulatory T (Treg) cell therapy is a promising alternative approach to induce tolerance and promote acceptance of the transplanted allograft. However, factors such as the lack of information of specific population of Treg cells and the requirement of in vitro expansion are limiting their implementation in the clinic. As such new methodologies and materials for generating tolerogenic organs by Treg cells are needed. SUMMARY
[0003] A 1st aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns a method for producing a tolerogenic organ or tissue comprising: obtaining a donor organ or tissue, establishing an ex vivo perfusion circuit through the donor organ or tissue of perfusate, wherein the perfusate comprises T cells and wherein the perfusion circuit is at a normothermic or hypothermic temperature, and transplanting the donor organ or tissue into a subject once the donor organ or tissue is tolerogenic. 2
[0004] A 2nd aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the method of the 1st aspect, wherein the perfusion circuit run at a normothermic temperature of 34 °C ± 3 °C.
[0005] A 3rd aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the method of the 1st aspect, wherein the perfusion circuit is run at a hypothermic temperature of about 1 to about 15 °C.
[0006] A 4th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the method of the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd aspect, wherein the T cells comprise Treg cells.
[0007] A 5th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the method of the 4th aspect, wherein the perfusate further comprises a stem cell.
[0008] A 6th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the method of the 5th aspect, wherein the stem cell comprises a totipotent stem cell, a pluripotent stem cell, a multipotent stem cell, an oligopotent stem cell, an unipotent stem cell, or a combination thereof.
[0009] A 7th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the method of the 5th aspect, wherein the stem cell is derived from the same organ or tissue as that of the donor organ or tissue.
[0010] An 8th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the method of the 1st aspect, wherein the donor organ or tissue is a liver, a lung, a kidney, a heart, an eye, an intestine, an ovary, a uterus, a stomach, a tongue, an esophagus, a trachea, a pancreas, skin, an adrenal gland, a tendon, bone, cornea, tendon, or a valve.
[0011] A 9th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the method of the 1st aspect, wherein the perfusate is recirculated through the circuit.
[0012] A 10th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the method of the 1st aspect, wherein the T cells comprise clinical grade T cells. 3
[0013] An 11th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the method of the 1st aspect, wherein the perfusate is varied from normothermic to hypothermic during perfusion of the donor organ or tissue,
[0014] A 12th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the method of the 1st aspect, further comprising establishing an immunoprofile of the donor organ or tissue by molecular, histological and / or cytological methodology or a combination thereof.
[0015] A 13th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the method of the 1st aspect, further comprising obtaining a sample from the perfusate to establish the microenvironment of the donor organ or tissue by assessing for cell surface markers and / or nucleic acids.
[0016] A 14th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns a method for establishing an immunoprofile of an ex vivo / ex situ of a solid organ or tissue comprising perfusing an organ or tissue ex vivo or ex situ in a perfusion circuit with a perfusate, obtaining a sample from the perfusate and / or solid organ or tissue and assessing at least one or more of the molecular status, histological status, and / or cytological status.
[0017] A 15th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns a method for establishing a microenvironment of a solid organ or tissue comprising perfusing a solid organ or tissue in a perfusion circuit with a perfusate at normothermic or hypothermic conditions, wherein the perfusate comprises Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells, and establishing a molecular, histological, and / or cytological assessment from a sample thereof.
[0018] A 16th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns a system for generating tolerogenic organs for transplantation, comprising a perfusion circuit, a perfusate solution, a means to regulate the temperature of the perfusate solution, and a means to circulate the perfusion solution through a donor organ, wherein the perfusate solution comprises Treg cells. 4
[0019] A 17th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the system of the 16th aspect, wherein the perfusate solution is at a normothermic temperature of 34 °C ± 3 °C.
[0020] An 18th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the system of the 16th aspect, wherein the perfusate solution is at a hypothermic temperature of 1 to 15 °C ± 3 °C.
[0021] A 19th aspect of the present disclosure, either alone or in combination with any other aspect set forth herein concerns the system of the 16th, 17th, or 18th aspect, wherein the perfusate solution further comprises stem cells. DESCRIPTION
[0022] The present disclosure concerns approaches to preparing tolerogenic organs or organs that are immunologically tolerant that will be receptive to Treg therapies. As referred to herein, a donor organ will refer to a complete or partial organ or tissue to be transplanted into a subject. Such may include systemic organs, connective tissue, skin, muscle, bone, or any other perfusable collection of cells.
[0023] In some aspects, the present disclosure includes methodologies to establish an immunoprofile signature for modifications in a solid organ following infusion with T cells either alone or in combination with stem cells. As will be described elsewhere herein, in some aspects, the present disclosure concerns preparation of tolerogenic organs and or tolerogenic cells therein. While such methods can certain be utilized with such, such methods for establishing an immunoprofile do not need to be limited to assessment of tolerogenic organs as described herein.
[0024] In aspects, the present disclosure concerns establishing an ex vivo or ex situ perfusion circuit of a perfusate solution through a donor organ or tissue. The perfusate may pass through once or may be recirculated through the donor organ. The perfusate solution includes T cells, such as Treg cells, to generate tolerogenic organs or tissues. The perfusate circuit, as is described herein, can be run at normothermic and / or hypothermic conditions to improved generation of tolerogenic organs. The perfusate may optionally include stem cells.
[0025] In some aspects, the present disclosure concerns contacting cells of an organ with T cells. In some aspects, the contact is done by perfusing an organ to be transplanted into a subject with T 5 to infuse or perfuse a solid organ amenable for transplantation with T cells either alone or in combination with stem cells. T cells may include cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells, Helper (CD4+) T cells, and Regulatory T cells (Treg). In some aspects, the methods include perfusing a solid organ with Treg cells. Solid organs amenable for transplantation may include a liver, kidney, pancreas, ovaries, heart, lung, uterus, and / or other composite graft(s), described as solid organ(s) hereafter.
[0026] In some aspects, the methods use molecular, cytological and histological analyses of tissue biopsies to detect immunological changes in the immune composition of organ cell infiltrates induced by Treg cell infusion either alone or in combination with stem cells. Immunological changes in the organ microenvironment induced by infused cells in solid organ transplantation can create an immunoprofile signature.
[0027] In some aspects, the present disclosure concerns perfusion or infusion of T cells in a perfusate solution into donor organs or cells thereof to be transplanted. In some aspects, the perfusion is performed under normothermic conditions, such that the perfusion temperature is maintained close to body temperature of 34 to 37 °C (± 1 or 2 or 3 °C). In some aspects, the perfusion is performed at hypothermic temperatures, such as of about 1 °C to about 15 ° C, including about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 °C. In some aspects, perfusion may be a combination of hypothermic and normothermic conditions.
[0028] In some aspects, the perfusion or infusion of the donor organ or cells thereof is performed with T cell, such as a Treg cell. In some aspects, the T cells are in a solution. In some aspects, the solution is normothermic or hypothermic. In some aspects, the T cells are incubated in the solution for a period of time prior to perfusion through the organ or cells thereof. In some aspects, the T cells and / or the solution for the perfusion are of the perfusion temperature prior to initiation thereof, such that the perfused organ or cells thereof receive the desired temperature T cells and / or perfusion solution.
[0029] In some aspects, the T cells are in the perfusion solution at a desired concentration or number of cells per mL. For example. For 4L of perfusate, between 2x104 and 4x109 T cells can be utilized.. 6
[0030] in a perfusion solution. In some aspects, the perfusion solution is normothermic perfusion solution, which may include packed red blood cells, Ringer's lactate, albumin, and additives like insulin, glucose, multivitamins, nutrients, bile salts, vasodilators, and anticoagulants, actively oxygenated. In some aspects, the perfusion solution is a hyporthermic perfusion solution which may include actively oxygenated UW (University of Wisconsin) or HTK (histidine‐tryptophan‐ketoglutarate) solution with colloids, such as hydroxyethyl starch, glutathione, and adenosine.
[0031] In some aspects, the perfusion solution is of a neutral pH. In some aspects, the pH of the perfusion solution is of about 5.0 to about 8.0, including about 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, and 7.9.
[0032] In some aspects, the perfusion solution may include blood or a component thereof, such as to provide or transport oxygen to the cells therein. In some aspects, the perfusion solution may include at least one of plasma, red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells, or any combination thereof.
[0033] In some aspects, the T cells are included in the in the perfusion solution in addition to other possible blood components, including red blood cells (RBCs). In some aspects, the solution may include only one type of T cell, two types of T cell, or any combination of T cell. In some aspects, the T cells in the perfusion solution may be at a desired ratio to a different type of T cell. For example, the solution may include at least two types of T cell, wherein the first type is at a ratio to the second type of about 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, 1:60, 1:75, or 1:100 etc.
[0034] In some aspects, the perfusion solution may include only T cells as the only type of cell and / or cellular material. In other aspects, one or more types of stem cell may be included, including totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, oligopotent, and unipotent stem cells. Stem cells may include pluripotent and / or tissue specific stem cells. Stem cells may include embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem cells may include one or more of mesenchymal stem cells, adipose stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, lung stem cells, cardiac stem cells, hepatic stem cells, bone or skeletal stem cells, muscle stem cells and combinations thereof. In some aspects, stem cells of the type of organ being transplanted can be utilized. For example, a liver 7 potent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells.
[0035] In some aspects, the present disclosure concerns perfusion of donor organs or cells thereof with T cells to increase infiltration of T cells, such as Tregs, cytotoxic T cells, and / or helper T cells, therein. In some aspects, the control of the perfusion temperature, such as normothermic and / or hypothermic can influence infiltration. In some aspects, the presence of stem cells can influence infiltration and / or enhance the effects once infiltrated. In some aspects, the perfusion solutions may include one or more additional components to influence infiltration.
[0036] In some aspects, the methods herein concern perfusion with T cells, such as Treg T cells, cytotoxic T cells and / or helper T cells. In some aspects, the T cells are of clinical grade. It will be understood that such is of a standard such that the T cells can be administered directly to a human subject and are of sufficient quality for safe and effective medical treatments. In some aspects, such can include T cells produced with good manufacturing practice (GMP) or good laboratory practice (GLP) guidelines and undergoing rigorous quality control to meet purity, potency, and safety standards.
[0037] In some aspects, the present disclosure concerns perfusion of a donor organ or cells thereof with T cells, such as Treg cells. In some aspects, the donor organ or cells thereof are for a subject, such as to be transplanted in a subject. In some aspects, the perfusion is performed ex vivo wherein an organ is excised from one subject, perfused as set forth herein, and then transplanted into a recipient subject. In some aspects, the organ is a whole organ. In some aspects, the organ is a part of an organ. In some aspects, the organ is a liver, a lung, a kidney, a heart, an eye, an intestine, an ovary, a uterus, a stomach, a tongue, an esophagus, a trachea, a pancreas or a graft such as a skin graft. In some aspects, the organ may be a tissue or a gland, such as an adrenal gland, a tendon, bone, cornea, tendon, or a valve. In some aspects, the donor organ may not be from a first subject but instead is a lab grown or grown ex vivo.
[0038] In some aspects, the present disclosure concerns monitoring a donor organ as set forth herein to determine if it is tolerogenic. In some aspects, the present disclosure includes obtaining a sample from a donor organ and determining if such is tolerogenic. In some aspects, the sample is taken at one or more time points either prior to or during or after perfusion of the organ as set forth 8 the presence of immune cells ‐histology and / or cytology‐, in addition to cellular and molecular tests to determine the expression of particular genes or proteins , as well as potential ratios therebetween to establish a change in the immunoprofile signature of one or more cells of the donor organ or cells therein. In some aspects, such can include assessment for expression of one or more expressed genes or proteins, such as surface proteins, to confirm a certain status of the T cell.
[0039] In some aspects, the present disclosure includes monitoring for expression of certain markers or expressed genes or proteins in the T cells to confirm a uniform status or immunoprofile. In some aspects, the methods may include identifying changes in FoxP3 and Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and / or Granzyme B mRNA, as well as ratios therebetween as signatures of Treg cell and conventional T cell infiltration, respectively. For example, methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), molecular microscope diagnosis (MMDx), customized MMDx, and digital special profiling (DSP e.g. GEOMx™) can be utilized alone or in combination to detect and / or quantify mRNA expression.
[0040] In some aspects, a molecular microscope diagnostic system, such as MMDx or similar can be utilized to view and / or detect molecular changes induced by cellular treatment in tissue biopsy samples.
[0041] In some aspects, the methods may include an Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre (ATAG‐ at the University of Alberta, Canada)‐customized molecular microscope diagnostic system to detect immune‐molecular changes induced by the cell treatment(s).
[0042] In some aspects, the methods may include localization and / or molecular characterization of changes on infiltrated T cells after cellular treatment. In some aspects, the methods include measurement with GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiler (NanoString Co.).
[0043] In some aspects, the methods may include histological analysis of tissue to examine the changes of immunological infiltrates in the solid organ after cell treatment. Such methods may include histological means understood in the art such as staining, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and similar. Such methods may include obtaining a tissue biopsy from the solid organ. 9
[0044] treatment with the cells as set forth herein. In some aspects, the methods may include examination of the changes of total T cells and Treg cell infiltrates in the organ tissue after cell treatment. In some aspects, the cytological methods may include phenotypic analysis of T cells and / or Treg cell and / or stem cells infiltrates in the organ tissue after cell treatment. In some aspects, the cytological methods may include determination of proteomic profile changes in infiltrated T cells induced by the cell treatment. In some aspects, such proteomic profile changes may be determined with a GeoMx™ Human Proteome Atlas.
[0045] In some aspects, organ status / damage may be estimated by exosomal microRNA and / or organ cell free DNA from the perfusate. In some aspects, a sample of perfusate may be collected for analysis of the status of the organ. In some aspects, evaluation of organ damage progression may be performed using histologic, functional and molecular assessments. Such may include functional assessments measured by changes in perfusate. For example, partial pressures of O2 and CO2, pH, base excess, bicarbonate, O2 saturation, hemoglobin, hematocrit, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, glucose, ATP and lactate concentrations and bile production can be assessed. Such may also include histological assessments. For example, biopsies can address acute or chronic organ injury. In some aspects, a time course analysis will evaluate baseline parameters of organ damage progression. In some aspects, evaluation of organ damage progression induced by effector cells using histologic, functional and molecular assessments. In some aspects evaluation of organ damage progression induced by effector cells in pre‐treated organs using histologic, functional and molecular assessments.
[0046] The present disclosure also concerns establishing an ex vivo or ex situ circuit of perfusate flow through the donor organ, wherein T cells, such as Treg cells, are in the perfusate as set forth herein. The present disclosure includes infusing clinical grade Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells into a normothermic / hypothermic perfusion pump circuit, wherein the T cells are allowed to infiltrate the solid organ in the circuit. The perfused cells result in an increase in the number and / or frequency of infiltrated suppressive Treg cells and / or stem cells, poising a shift toward a more tolerogenic microenvironment. Following such perfusion, the organs are better poised for a more successful eventual transplantation. 10
[0047] In some aspects, the perfusion be measured or monitored by the number or proportion of Treg (and / or stem) cell infiltrates in the perfused organ. Such can be accomplished using molecular, histologic and cytologic assays as discussed herein. In some aspects, the perfusion can be assessed through functional protective activity of Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells based on a customized system to test anti‐effector cell function. Such may include ex vivo functional evaluation of anti‐organ immune protection (cellular and antibody mediated). The Normothermic / Hypothermic perfusion circulatory ex vivo system can be utilized to evaluate protective efficacy of Treg cells inducing a tolerogenic microenvironment in solid organs for transplantation.
[0048] In some aspects, the functional analysis of the protective activity of perfused Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells can involve at least one of the following: evaluation of time‐dependent changes of untreated Normothermic / Hypothermic perfused organs; evaluation of time‐dependent changes induced in the Normothermic / Hypothermic attached organ after infusion of primary T cells; and comparative evaluation of time‐ dependent changes of the T cell treatment in the Normothermic / Hypothermic attached‐organ pre‐infused with Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells.
[0049] With respect to: evaluation of time‐dependent changes of Normothermic / Hypothermic attached‐organs with no addition of cell treatment, such can include assessing the immunoprofile signature of organ‐resident T cells. Such can also include type and periodicity of measurements, such as sequential tissue biopsies taken initially before the Normothermic / Hypothermic attached organ (baseline, untreated organ. The assessments may also include organ functional quality of type & periodicity of measurements, such as histological changes assessed from tissue biopsies and molecular and biochemical changes in the perfusate; histological assessments; biopsies to evaluate acute or chronic organ injury as described herein; molecular assessments of organ originated cfDNA levels in perfusate to monitor organ‐specific cell‐death by next generation sequencing (NGS) in the Normothermic / Hypothermic attached organ system (organ‐derived cfDNA); molecular assessment of organ‐originated exosome vesicle (EV) levels in the perfusate to monitor l organ cell damage by NGS of miRNA‐containing EV in the perfusion pump attached organ (i.e., quantified by PCR, cfDNA); biochemical assessments such as (for e.g. liver): lactate clearance, bile production or markers for 11 biliary viability, biliary bicarbonate biliary pH, biliary glucose concentration, bile / perfusate glucose concentration ratio, and / or biliary lactate dehydrogenase concentration perfusate. Stable pressure / flow dynamics of the organ. Soft parenchymal consistency, Transaminases AST and / or ALT levels.
[0050] The results from such assessments can allow the establishment of baseline parameters and decay parameters of the organ attached to Normothermic / Hypothermic perfusion system. With respect to evaluation of time‐dependent changes of Normothermic / Hypothermic attached organ induced after infusion of primary T cells, such can include establishing the immunoprofile signature changes of organ resident T cells and / or assessment of organ functional quality. For example, such may include organ immunoprofile change in organ resident T cells and / or assessment of organ function quality. The results will determine the T cell organ infiltration and decay responses induced by T cells compared to baseline as set out above.
[0051] With respect to evaluation of time‐dependent changes of the T cell treatment in Normothermic / Hypothermic attached organ pre‐conditioned with infused Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells, such can include establishing the immunoprofile signature changes of organ resident T cells and / or assessment of organ functional quality. For example, such may include organ immunoprofile change in organ‐resident T cells and / or assessment of organ function quality. The results will determine the Treg cell organ infiltration and protective effect against the effector cell‐mediated organ decay response measured herein above EXAMPLES
[0052] Normothermic / Hypothermic perfusion with activated Treg and / or primary T cells either alone or in combination with stem cells to establish an Immunoprofile.
[0053] In some aspects, the present disclosure concerns normothermic or hypothermic perfusion of a solid organ, to infuse clinical‐grade activated Treg and / or stem cells and / or primary T cells therein. Such can then modify the microenvironment of the organ. In some aspects, such may include a molecular, histological and / or cytological readout and / or immunoprofile as set out above (e.g., PCR, MMDx, ATG‐customized MMDx, GeoMx profiler).
[0054] Normothermic / Hypothermic perfusion with activated Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells to assess for anti‐effector T cell function. 12
[0055] cells either alone or in combination with stem cells to induce tolerogenic state to prevent or reduce effector T cell‐mediated damage in solid organs for transplantation. In some aspects, organ damage may be estimated by exosomal microRNA and organ cell free DNA. In some aspects, evaluation of organ damage progression using histologic, functional and molecular assessments. Such may include functional assessments measured by changes in perfusate. For example, in liver, partial pressures of O2 and CO2, pH, base excess, bicarbonate, O2 saturation, hemoglobin, hematocrit, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, glucose, ATP and lactate concentrations and bile production can be assessed. Such may include histological assessments. For example, in the liver, biopsies will address acute or chronic organ injury, large and small‐droplet macrovesicular steatosis, coagulative necrosis, intrahepatic bile duct injury (apoptosis, vacuolation, and lifting of epithelium from the basement membrane), hepatocyte plate injury (e.g. hepatocyte loss of cohesion, detachment of hepatocyte plates from the sinusoidal lining), and glycogen depletion, which were recorded as percentages of cells affected. Such may include molecular assessments: organ damage estimated by exosomal microRNA and organ cell free DNA. In some aspects, a time course analysis will evaluate baseline parameters of organ damage progression. In some aspects, evaluation of organ damage progression induced by effector cells using histologic, functional and molecular assessments. In some aspects evaluation of organ damage progression induced by effector cells in pre‐treated organs using histologic, functional and molecular assessments. The organs will be pre‐treated with clinical grade activated Treg cells infused in the perfusate.
[0056] Normothermic / Hypothermic perfusion of Treg either alone or in combination with stem cells to Generate Tolerogenic Organs
[0057] In some aspects, the present disclosure concerns the application of a normothermic or hypothermic perfusion pump for infusing clinical‐grade, Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells through a solid organ, of a subject, such as a human. In some aspects, the solid organ is a liver or kidney, pancreas, ovaries, heart, lung, uterus, and / or other composite grafts. The generation of ex vivo and / or ex situ change in organ immunoprofile in a targeted solid organ intended for transplantation can be achieved through either normothermic or hypothermic perfusion with Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells. 13
[0058] The present disclosure includes clinical grade Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells into a normothermic / hypothermic perfusion pump circuit and allowed to infiltrate the solid organ in the circuit. The perfused cells will result in an increase in the number and / or frequency of infiltrated suppressive Treg cells and / or stem cells, poising a shift toward a more tolerogenic microenvironment. Such organs can then allow for much successful eventual transplantation.
[0059] In some aspects, the perfusion methods will be measured or monitored through a demonstration of increase in the number or proportion of Treg (and / or stem) cell infiltrates in the perfused organ using molecular, histologic and cytologic assays as discussed herein above.
[0060] In some aspects, the perfusion methods will be measured and / or determined through a demonstration of functional protective activity of Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells based on a customized system to test anti‐effector cell function. Such may include ex vivo functional evaluation of organ protection. The Normothermic / Hypothermic perfusion circulatory ex vivo model can be utilized to evaluate protective efficacy of Treg cells inducing a tolerogenic microenvironment in solid organs for transplantation. The treated tolerogenic organ will be tested in clinical trials with the goal of reducing or avoiding toxic side effects of current immunosuppressive drug regimens.
[0061] In some aspects, the functional analysis of the protective activity of perfused Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells can involve at least one of the following: evaluation of time‐dependent changes of untreated Normothermic / Hypothermic perfused organs; evaluation of time‐dependent changes induced in the Normothermic / Hypothermic attached organ after infusion of primary T cells; and comparative evaluation of time‐ dependent changes of the T cell treatment in the Normothermic / Hypothermic attached‐organ pre‐infused with Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells.
[0062] With respect to: evaluation of time‐dependent changes of Normothermic / Hypothermic attached‐organs with no addition of cell treatment, such can include:
[0063] The immunoprofile signature of organ‐resident T cells. Type and periodicity of measurements: Sequential tissue biopsies taken initially before the Normothermic / Hypothermic attached organ (baseline, untreated organ), until the functional decay parameters are significant. 14
[0064] changes assessed from tissue biopsies and molecular and biochemical changes in the perfusate. Histological assessments. Biopsies will evaluate acute or chronic organ injury as described above. Molecular assessments: Assessment of organ originated cfDNA levels in perfusate to monitor organ‐specific cell‐death by next generation sequencing (NGS) in the Normothermic / Hypothermic attached organ system (organ‐ derived cfDNA) Assessment of organ ‐originated exosome vesicle (EV) levels in the perfusate to monitor l organ cell damage by NGS of miRNA‐containing EV in the perfusion pump attached organ (i.e., quantified by PCR, cfDNA).
[0065] Biochemical Assessments will be performed as organ specific measurements. For example in liver:
[0066] Lactate clearance, bile production or markers for biliary viability, biliary bicarbonate concentration, biliary pH, biliary glucose concentration, bile / perfusate glucose concentration ratio, and / or biliary lactate dehydrogenase concentration perfusate. Stable pressure / flow dynamics of the organ. Soft parenchymal consistency, Transaminases AST and / or ALT levels.
[0067] The results will establish the baseline parameters and decay parameters of the organ attached to Normothermic / Hypothermic perfusion system.
[0068] With respect to evaluation of time‐dependent changes of Normothermic / Hypothermic attached organ induced after infusion of primary T cells, such can include establishing the immunoprofile signature changes of organ resident T cells and / or assessment of organ functional quality. For example, such may include organ immunoprofile change in organ resident T cells and / or assessment of organ function quality. The results will determine the T cell organ infiltration and decay responses induced by T cells compared to baseline as set out above.
[0069] With respect to evaluation of time‐dependent changes of the T cell treatment in Normothermic / Hypothermic attached organ pre‐conditioned with infused Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells, such can include establishing the immunoprofile signature changes of organ resident T cells and / or assessment of organ functional quality. For example, such may include organ immunoprofile change in organ‐resident T cells and / or assessment of organ function quality. The results will determine the Treg cell organ infiltration and protective effect against the effector cell‐mediated organ decay response measured herein above. 15
[0070] herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art of the above description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
[0071] It is appreciated that all reagents are obtainable by sources known in the art unless otherwise specified.
[0072] It is also to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the specific aspects and methods described herein, as specific components and / or conditions may, of course, vary.
[0073] Furthermore, the terminology used herein is used only for the purpose of describing particular aspects of the present disclosure and is not intended to be limiting in any way. It will be also understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” “third” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, “a first element,” “component,” “region,” “layer,” or “section” discussed below could be termed a second (or other) element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings herein. Similarly, as used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms, including “at least one,” unless the content clearly indicates otherwise. “Or” means “and / or.” As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising,” or “includes” and / or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The term “or a combination thereof” means a combination including at least one of the foregoing elements.
[0074] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the 16 overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
[0075] Reference is made in detail to exemplary compositions, aspects and methods of the present disclosure, which constitute the best modes of practicing the disclosure presently known to the inventors. The drawings are not necessarily to scale. However, it is to be understood that the disclosed aspects are merely exemplary of the disclosure that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. Therefore, specific details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for any aspect of the disclosure and / or as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present disclosure.
[0076] Patents, publications, and applications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains. These patents, publications, and applications are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as if each individual patent, publication, or application was specifically and individually incorporated herein by reference.
[0077] The foregoing description is illustrative of particular embodiments of the disclosure, but is not meant to be a limitation upon the practice thereof. The following claims, including all equivalents thereof, are intended to define the scope of the disclosure.
Claims
17 1. A method for producing a tolerogenic organ or tissue comprising: obtaining a donor organ or tissue, establishing an ex vivo perfusion circuit through the donor organ or tissue of perfusate, wherein the perfusate comprises T cells and wherein the perfusion circuit is at a normothermic or hypothermic temperature, and transplanting the donor organ or tissue into a subject once the donor organ or tissue is tolerogenic.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the perfusion circuit run at a normothermic temperature of 34 °C ± 3 °C.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the perfusion circuit is run at a hypothermic temperature of about 1 to about 15 °C.
4. The method of claims 1, 2, or 3, wherein the T cells comprise Treg cells.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the perfusate further comprises a stem cell.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the stem cell comprises a totipotent stem cell, a pluripotent stem cell, a multipotent stem cell, an oligopotent stem cell, an unipotent stem cell, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the stem cell is derived from the same organ or tissue as that of the donor organ or tissue.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the donor organ or tissue is a liver, a lung, a kidney, a heart, an eye, an intestine, an ovary, a uterus, a stomach, a tongue, an esophagus, a trachea, a pancreas, 18 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the perfusate is recirculated through the circuit.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the T cells comprise clinical grade T cells.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the perfusate is varied from normothermic to hypothermic during perfusion of the donor organ or tissue, 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing an immunoprofile of the donor organ or tissue by molecular, histological and / or cytological methodology or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 1, further comprising obtaining a sample from the perfusate to establish the microenvironment of the donor organ or tissue by assessing for cell surface markers and / or nucleic acids.
14. A method for establishing an immunoprofile of an ex vivo / ex situ of a solid organ or tissue comprising perfusing an organ or tissue ex vivo or ex situ in a perfusion circuit with a perfusate, obtaining a sample from the perfusate and / or solid organ or tissue and assessing at least one or more of the molecular status, histological status, and / or cytological status.
15. A method for establishing a microenvironment of a solid organ or tissue comprising perfusing a solid organ or tissue in a perfusion circuit with a perfusate at normothermic or hypothermic conditions, wherein the perfusate comprises Treg cells either alone or in combination with stem cells, and establishing a molecular, histological, and / or cytological assessment from a sample thereof.
16. A system for generating tolerogenic organs for transplantation, comprising a perfusion circuit, a perfusate solution, a means to regulate the temperature of the perfusate solution, and a 19 comprises Treg cells.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the perfusate solution is at a normothermic temperature of 34 °C ± 3 °C.
18. The system of claim 16, wherein the perfusate solution is at a hypothermic temperature of 1 to 15 °C ± 3 °C.
19. The system of claim 16, 17, or 18, wherein the perfusate solution further comprises stem cells.
Citation Information
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