Settlement heating network comprising a closed thermal-fluid circuit

Abstract

A settlement heating network, in particular a cold local heating network or district heating network, comprising a closed thermal-fluid circuit (1) for distributing thermal energy at least for a first building (7, 27) and for a second building (7, 27), in particular a first and second dwelling (2, 27), wherein the thermal-fluid circuit (1) comprises at least a thermal fluid and at least a first heat source (12, 22), and also at least a first removal device (2, 20) for the first building (7, 27) and a second removal device (2, 20) for the second building (7, 27), wherein the first removal device (2, 20) is designed to remove and / or transfer thermal energy for the first building (7, 27) and wherein the second removal device (2, 20) is designed to remove and / or transfer thermal energy for the second building (7, 27), is proposed in order to improve heating networks further, in particular in order to reduce the complexity and / or to increase the energy efficiency and economic efficiency and / or to realize new functionalities. This is achieved according to the invention in that the closed thermal-fluid circuit (1) has at least one hydraulic series connection at least of the first removal device (2, 20) for the first building (7, 27) and of the second removal device (2, 20) for the second building (7, 27) and / or of the first heat source (12, 22).

Description

[0001] "District heating network with a closed heat fluid circuit"

[0002] The invention relates to a settlement heating network, in particular a cold local heating network or district heating network, with a closed heat fluid circuit for distributing heat energy at least for a first building and for a second building, in particular a first and second residential building, wherein the heat fluid circuit comprises at least a heat fluid and at least a first heat source as well as at least a first delivery device for the first building and a second delivery device for the second building, according to claim 1.

[0003] State of the art

[0004] District heating networks in or serving settlements are generally implemented as either local heating networks or district heating networks. These networks provide heat for space heating and hot water to buildings. In district heating networks, the thermal energy is transported through a thermally insulated pipe system, the so-called heating network, which is usually buried underground; however, overhead lines are sometimes used. District heating primarily supplies residential buildings with both space heating and hot water by transporting the heat from the generator or collection point to the consumers.

[0005] Local heating networks typically involve the local development of individual buildings, parts of buildings, or small residential areas with their own heat generation.

[0006] "Cold district heating" or "cold long-distance heating" are technical variations of a heating network that operate at low transmission temperatures close to ambient temperature and can therefore provide both heating and cooling. Transmission temperatures typically range from approximately 10-25 °C, meaning these systems operate at temperatures significantly lower than conventional district heating or long-distance heating systems. This allows different consumers to heat and cool simultaneously, independently of each other. Unlike conventional heating networks, hot water production and building heating are not achieved directly via heat exchangers, but rather via water-source heat pumps that extract their thermal energy from the heating network. Cooling can be provided either directly via the cold district heating network or, if necessary, indirectly via the heat pumps.

[0007] Cold district heating networks are also known as fifth-generation district heating networks. Due to their potential to be powered entirely by renewable energy and to contribute to balancing the fluctuating output of wind and solar power plants, cold district heating networks are considered a particularly promising option for a sustainable, potentially greenhouse gas- and emission-free heat supply, and thus a core technology for the energy transition in the heating sector.

[0008] Such district heating networks currently have one heat exchanger or so-called "transfer station" for each consumer, i.e., for each building (see, e.g., DE 10 2023 107058 A1). These heat exchangers are located inside the building, thus transferring heat between the heat fluid of the district heating network and the building's heating system / circuit or the heat pump fluid.

[0009] Purpose and advantages of the invention

[0010] In contrast, the object of the invention is to further improve corresponding heating networks, in particular to reduce the effort and / or to increase energy efficiency and economic efficiency and / or to realize new functionalities.

[0011] This problem is solved, starting from a residential heating network of the type mentioned in the introduction, by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are possible through the measures mentioned in the dependent claims.

[0012] Accordingly, a settlement heating network according to the invention, in particular a cold district heating network or long-distance heating network, comprises a closed heat fluid circuit for distributing heat energy for at least a first building and for a second building, in particular a first and second residential building, wherein the heat fluid circuit comprises at least a heat fluid and at least a first heat source as well as at least a first delivery device for the first building and a second delivery device for the second building, wherein the first delivery device is designed for taking in and / or transferring heat energy for the first building and wherein the second delivery device is designed for taking in and / or transferring heat energy for the second building.wherein the closed heat fluid circuit comprises at least one hydraulic series connection at least between the first delivery device for the first building and the second delivery device for the second building and / or the first heat source.

[0013] This measure will enable the realization of completely new functionalities and advantages for heating networks, especially cold heating networks.

[0014] In the current state of the art, the district heating network always had a warmer supply line and a colder return line, into which the heat consumers, buildings / building heating systems, or similar, were integrated via a parallel connection. The supply line to the building heating system was connected to the warmer supply line and supplied with heat. After heat output, the cooled heat fluid flowed into the return line. This meant that the outlet of the building heating system was connected to the colder return line. Thus, a hydraulic parallel connection of several building heating systems or buildings was achieved, whereby the individual heat consumers could achieve slightly higher temperatures at the supply line (input) of the building heating system / building thanks to the warmer supply line, while a lower temperature was present at the outlet and fed into the return line. Consequently, the current system...Heat transfer fluid is diverted from the supply line to a building heat exchanger to extract heat. The cooled fluid is then returned to the return line.

[0015] In stark contrast, according to the invention, at least two, and in particular several, heat consumers or several building heating systems or buildings are implemented in a hydraulic series connection. Accordingly, heat is transferred longitudinally or in the flow direction of the heat fluid or heating network. The heat fluid or heating network cools down in the area of ​​the heat transfer point or the transfer device and flows, for example, to the next heat consumer / building or the next building heating system.

[0016] In general, the invention can be used primarily for cold local heating networks and, adapted for district heating networks, also for long-distance heating networks. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the closed heat fluid circuit is designed as a closed single-pipe ring main with a single circulating annular pipe for the heat fluid. This significantly reduces the design and economic costs. Furthermore, operational reliability is considerably improved by minimizing or eliminating branches, thus substantially reducing the risk of leakage.

[0017] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, several or many buildings or heat transfer devices are provided, wherein the hydraulic series connection of the closed heat fluid circuit advantageously comprises at least a third heat transfer device for a third building and / or a fourth heat transfer device for a fourth building and / or a fifth heat transfer device for a fifth building and / or a sixth heat transfer device for a sixth building, wherein the respective heat transfer device is designed for drawing off and / or transferring heat energy for the respective building. This allows for the realization of comparatively large-scale or comprehensive district heating networks, e.g., the integration of an entire housing estate or a district, or the like.

[0018] In a particular embodiment of the invention, at least one of the discharge devices has at least one circulating heat transfer surface, wherein the circulating heat transfer surface is designed to transfer thermal energy from the heat transfer fluid of the heating network / circulating ring pipe / single-pipe ring main to a heat transfer surface of a heat exchanger. This advantageously allows the heat from the heat transfer fluid to be transferred to a heating fluid of the heat exchanger. Optionally, the heat exchanger is a component of a heat transfer station.

[0019] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger has at least one flow connection for a building heating fluid of a building heating system of at least one of the buildings and at least one return connection for the building heating fluid. This makes the heat exchanger a component of a building heating system of the respective building.

[0020] For example, the heat exchanger is designed as a ground-source heat exchanger, wherein the ground-source heat exchanger has at least one contact surface with the ground and wherein the ground-source heat exchanger has at least one heat network inlet for receiving the heat network, in particular the circulating ring pipe and / or single-pipe ring main, wherein the heat network inlet includes at least the heat transfer surface. Thus, the design of the heat exchanger as a ground-source heat exchanger, i.e., it is located in the ground or below the ground surface, allows, for example, the flexible connection or coupling of the building heating system and / or building cooling / air conditioning system to the heat network or the corresponding heat network pipe without significant structural and / or economic effort.

[0021] The fluidic or hydraulic separation of the district heating circuit or network fluid from the building's heating fluid, e.g., heat pump fluid and / or building heating water, or the like, is advantageously achieved within the heat exchanger / ground source heat exchanger not inside the building, as is the case with the state of the art, but outside the building and / or below ground level or in the ground. This eliminates the need for complex, expensive, and failure-prone branches in the district heating network. This increases operational reliability and simplifies the installation and operation of the district heating network, resulting in significant cost savings.

[0022] Furthermore, different operating parameters can be implemented in the respective, i.e., fluidically separated, fluid systems. For example, different pressures can be achieved in the heating network and in the building system; in particular, a comparatively low pressure for the building heating fluid can be implemented. This increases the safety and the flexibility or adaptability of the entire system.

[0023] Furthermore, a so-called "transfer station" within the building is unnecessary, meaning that corresponding building / living space is not required or used. This improves the building's economic efficiency.

[0024] The heat transfer surface is advantageously positioned between the connection lines of the heat exchanger / ground source heat exchanger, or between the heat exchanger's supply and return lines. This means, among other things, that the heat transfer surface connects the two connection lines of the heat exchanger / ground source heat exchanger, or between the heat exchanger's supply and return lines. For example, it is sufficient that only two supply or connection lines of the heat exchanger / ground source heat exchanger, such as the heat exchanger's supply and return lines, need to pass through the building envelope or building wall. This results in minimal effort and low thermal losses through the building envelope.

[0025] For example, the ground surrounding the heat exchanger / ground source heat exchanger is designed as thermal insulation for the heat transfer and / or as an energy storage medium for storing the district heating energy. This allows for a particularly energy-efficient operating mode with relatively low energy losses and / or an energy storage function. This also improves the economic efficiency and functionality of the system.

[0026] For example, the heat network inlet is designed as a cylindrical recess in the ground source heat exchanger, such that the heat transfer surface is formed as a cylindrical shell and / or such that the heat transfer surface is arranged around the cylindrical recess. This allows a tubular heat network pipe to be easily routed through the heat exchanger / ground source heat exchanger. For example, the ground source heat exchanger is designed as a pipe-to-ground source heat exchanger. In a further embodiment of the invention, the heat network inlet is designed as an inner cavity of the ground source heat exchanger and / or the pipe-to-ground source heat exchanger. This allows the heat network or heat network pipe to be arranged within the inner cavity. Furthermore, heat transfer can be fully realized around the heat network pipe. These measures each enable a structurally advantageous heat network or heat network pipe.

[0027] It is optionally proposed to arrange the district heating network inlet concentrically with respect to the ground source heat exchanger and / or the pipe-to-ground source heat exchanger and / or the heat transfer surface and / or the cylindrical shell. This enables particularly advantageous, comprehensive heat transfer between the district heating network or district heating network pipe and the heat exchanger / ground source heat exchanger or building heating system / building heating fluid.

[0028] In a particular embodiment of the invention, a longitudinal axis of the heat network inlet is simultaneously a longitudinal axis of the ground source heat exchanger and / or the pipe-to-ground source heat exchanger and / or the heat transfer surface and / or the cylindrical shell. This has proven to enable particularly efficient operation. For example, the size / area of ​​the heat transfer or heat transfer surface can also be easily adapted to the specific conditions or parameters by adjusting the length of the heat exchanger or ground source heat exchanger.

[0029] In an optional embodiment of the invention, at least one building heating fluid pipe of the building's heating system comprises at least one helical section, wherein the helical section is arranged between the flow connection and the return connection. For example, the helical section is arranged concentrically with respect to the ground source heat exchanger and / or the pipe-to-ground source heat exchanger and / or the heat transfer surface and / or the cylindrical shell, and / or the longitudinal axis of the heating network connection is simultaneously a longitudinal axis of the helical section. This results in a particularly space-saving design. Heat transfer can thus be fully realized around the heating network pipe. This ensures high system efficiency.

[0030] For example, at least one heat-conducting layer is provided for heat conduction between the network fluid / heating network pipe and the building heating fluid / coil section / building heating system. This facilitates heat transfer. For example, the heat-conducting layer is designed as a liquid soil and / or arranged between the heating network inlet / pipe and the heat transfer surface.

[0031] In a particular embodiment of the invention, the heat-conducting layer is designed as a heat storage medium for storing heat for the building heating fluid and / or for the coil section and / or for the building heating system. This allows for advantageous heat transfer while simultaneously realizing an additional functionality, namely a heat storage function. For example, a buffer function can be implemented by the heat storage medium, thus advantageously enabling peak load damping or similar applications. The heat storage medium can also exhibit a phase change, e.g., from liquid to solid. In this case, a large portion of the supplied thermal energy can be stored in the form of conversion enthalpy or so-called "latent heat." This latent heat storage medium can therefore store very large quantities of heat, particularly within a small temperature range around the phase change. Accordingly, space utilization is improved.The energy density of the system is advantageously optimized. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, each building or building heating system has its own dedicated heat exchanger. This allows for individual adjustments to be implemented without significant effort.

[0032] For example, at least one heat source is hydraulically arranged / connected in parallel to the heating network; in particular, several heat sources are provided that are hydraulically arranged / connected in parallel to the heating network, and / or the closed heat fluid circuit has at least a first hydraulic parallel connection of at least the first heat source and a second heat source, and / or the closed heat fluid circuit has at least a second hydraulic parallel connection of at least one of the discharge devices and / or one of the heat sources. This allows for the flexible integration of a wide variety of heat sources and / or multiple heat sources into the heating network. Accordingly, adaptation to the required and / or locally available energy sources can be implemented as needed.

[0033] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first hydraulic parallel circuit and / or the second hydraulic parallel circuit comprises at least one bypass for bypassing at least one of the heat sources and / or for bypassing at least one of the heat transfer devices. With the aid of the advantageous bypass, the heat source or the heat transfer device can be integrated into the heating system or management separately or individually, as required, i.e., switched on and off. This improves the flexibility and management of the heating network.

[0034] For example, at least one of the heat sources and / or at least one of the extraction devices has at least one inlet connection and one outlet connection. This allows for advantageous integration of the corresponding components.

[0035] In a particular embodiment of the invention, at least one concentrically arranged longitudinal axis and / or a connection flow direction of the inlet connection and / or the outlet connection is arranged at an angle of 1° to 45°, in particular at an angle of 5° to 30°, with respect to the circulation flow direction of the heat fluid and / or with respect to the heat fluid circuit and / or with respect to the closed single-pipe ring main and / or with respect to the single circulating ring pipe, and / or wherein the inlet connection and the outlet connection are at least partially designed as connection arcs and are arranged tangentially with respect to the heat fluid circuit and / or the closed single-pipe ring main and / or the single circulating ring pipe. Initial tests have shown that this ensures an advantageous dimensioning and / or design.

[0036] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one control element is provided for monitoring the flow rate and / or temperature of the heat transfer fluid, and / or at least one sensor element is provided for detecting a current fluid parameter of the heat transfer fluid, such as the current flow rate and / or temperature. Advantageously, the control element is designed as an actuator and / or a fluid pump or a control valve, wherein, in particular, one of the heat sources and / or one of the discharge devices and / or the bypass includes at least the control element. With the aid of these measures, the heat source or the discharge device can be integrated into the heating system or management system separately or individually, either fully or partially, or not at all, as required.This significantly improves the flexibility and management of the heating network, especially in combination with an electrical and / or electronic control unit or the like, as described in more detail below.

[0037] For example, within the closed heat fluid circuit and / or the closed single-pipe ring main, the first heat source is arranged at least between the first heat outlet for the first building and the second heat outlet for the second building, and the second heat source is arranged between the third heat outlet for the third building and the fourth heat outlet for the fourth building. This allows a heat source to be advantageously arranged or inserted between two heat consumers or outlets. In this way, a temperature increase or energy input can be advantageously achieved between these two heat consumers or outlets. This advantageously improves the heat supply to the second or subsequent heat consumer or outlet.

[0038] In a particular embodiment of the invention, at least one electrical and / or electronic control unit comprises at least one data storage unit and a setpoint / actual comparison unit, enabling a setpoint / actual comparison of stored target fluid parameters with measured actual fluid parameters. This allows for advantageous control of the system, whereby predefined parameters of the heating network or heat fluid can be advantageously set or adjusted, at least within certain limits or specifications.

[0039] In principle, the settlement heating network according to the invention can comprise several sources and be used in both cold local heating networks and hot district heating networks.

[0040] The following exemplary variants of the invention advantageously illustrate various features or functionalities that can be implemented individually or in combination with one another:

[0041] The network is implemented, for example, as a single-row ring main. Several sources, such as geothermal energy, waste heat, or wastewater heat, are integrated as sectors based on demand and supply. A sector consists, for example, of a tangential outlet from the network, a source pump, the source itself, a tangential inlet to the network, a temperature sensor, and a flow meter.

[0042] Tangential inlet / outlet of the sources is optional. Tangential inflow increases turbulence in the pipe, preventing hydraulic short circuits.

[0043] Any type of energy source can be integrated: geothermal sources, wastewater heat, industrial waste heat, lake and river water, etc.

[0044] If a waste heat source with a permanently higher temperature is present, a geothermal heat source should follow it as directly as possible, viewed in the direction of flow, in order to avoid excessively high main network temperatures and, for example, to effectively store heat.

[0045] A target temperature is defined for the network.

[0046] In the heating network or ring main, sources are provided section by section, analogous to the theoretical consumption, especially temperature drop, of the previous section. An advantageous goal is to provide the same source temperature to as many consumers as possible.

[0047] Large consumers are connected sectorally or section by section, ideally directly like sources.

[0048] Smaller consumers are connected to the system separately, ideally via a heat exchanger or network collector. Source pumps or fluid pumps of the geothermal sources, for example, run continuously at a minimum power / speed that ensures a calculated minimum flow rate in the network or ring main. The source pump is automatically regulated for each section via a target / actual temperature comparison, e.g., measured after the (tangential) introduction of the source into the ring main. If the actual temperature deviates (too much) from the specified target temperature, the power or speed of the source pump is advantageously increased in addition to the minimum power / speed.

[0049] To monitor minimum flow velocity in the network, flow meters should be installed, ideally after each source and / or outlet / consumer. A higher-level control system can document operational reliability and detect and / or locate the failure of a source pump or other malfunctions / impairments.

[0050] Each energy source, possibly excluding geothermal sources, can be independently blocked or controlled / throttled. For example, during summer cooling requirements, wastewater heat or industrial heat is not used, or only minimally.

[0051] Temperature control is, for example, superior to flow velocity control, especially when a minimum flow velocity is specified.

[0052] For example, a system using water as a heat transfer medium is preferred, as this makes it easier to comply with environmental regulations.

[0053] A higher-level control system can document operational safety and advantageously manage seasonal requirements such as cooling and / or heating.

[0054] Geothermal heat sources can be operated with water at temperatures close to 0°C, particularly between 0° and 4° Celsius. Due to the continuous or minimum flow rate, freezing is advantageously prevented at temperatures around 0° Celsius.

[0055] Source pumps are preferably installed upstream of the source, viewed in the direction of flow. Optional configurations are also conceivable downstream of the source. However, they should ideally always be located in the source sector and not in the main pipeline.

[0056] Furthermore, according to optional variants of the invention, cold district heating networks can, for example, have the following features or functionalities individually or in combination with one another:

[0057] An open trench is used to lay a suitable main pipe, possibly with a significantly larger diameter (e.g., approximately 300 mm instead of the previously common 160 mm), for transporting the network / source fluid. Before laying the main pipe of the heating network, a spiral heat exchanger (HX) or so-called collector with the heat transfer surface according to the invention is positioned around the main pipe. The heat exchanger can advantageously be in direct contact with the main pipe. However, it can also be positioned at a certain distance from the main pipe. Especially in the case of a position with a distance, a thermally conductive material must be provided for the thermal connection between the main pipe and the heat exchanger or the heat exchanger surface. The connections of the heat exchanger lead as directly as possible to the consumer, e.g., the user's heat pump, and are thus hydraulically connected to it.

[0058] The trench should ideally be backfilled with a highly thermally conductive material, such as flowable fill or similar. Additional requirements for the backfill may include high stability to prevent settlement and resistance to temperatures down to approximately -5 °C around the heat exchanger tube.

[0059] The backfill material can serve as a "compensating battery" or heat storage unit, or be designed to act as a buffer, for example, when heat is drawn off. This allows, for instance, the main pipe and the heat source to be operated without antifreeze.

[0060] The aforementioned effects are enhanced, for example, by the fact that the heat exchanger around the main pipe extracts more heat from the surrounding soil than conventional cold district heating networks.

[0061] Furthermore, the following features or advantages can be implemented individually or in combination for district heating pipes or district heating networks according to exemplary variants of the invention:

[0062] The hydraulic concept is analogous to the previously mentioned cold district heating networks.

[0063] The main pipe or a main pipe / heating network section already has the heat exchanger integrated and is, if necessary, completely prefabricated industrially and, if necessary, connected on site to other sections of the heating network.

[0064] As with conventional district heating pipes, the main pipe has a protective outer sheath and / or thermal insulation. For example, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger is arranged between the main pipe and the insulation, and is embedded, for example, in a form-fitting manner in a medium to ensure optimal heat transfer.

[0065] Further differences compared to conventional systems: The main network can be operated without frost protection, e.g. with geothermal probes or other geothermal or waste heat sources.

[0066] The consumer unit can be operated with antifreeze and should therefore be operated according to the heat pump manufacturer's instructions. If there is a leak in this circuit, it only affects the individual circuit and not the main line or the district heating network.

[0067] The network can be installed as a single-circuit system rather than a dual-circuit system. A direct network connection, i.e., a branch line, to each consumer is not required during installation. The risk of a complex system failure due to a leak in a consumer line is eliminated.

[0068] Any number of sources, e.g., geothermal and / or waste heat sources, etc., can be advantageously connected to the main network or network line via tangential inlets / outlets. The associated pumps ensure a continuous and controllable flow.

[0069] The network operates with significantly lower pressure loss due to the larger diameter of the main pipe, which is inherent to its design. The total pumping power required is reduced to a fraction, resulting in a substantial and lasting reduction in operating costs.

[0070] Due to the storage effects described above and the increased heat gains from the surrounding soil, the main network and the central heat source(s) can be dimensioned smaller and more economically.

[0071] Examples of features and functionalities of the aforementioned main components:

[0072] - Main pipe: Advantageously, this is a ring main extending to as many consumers as possible, which is either systemically separated as a heat exchanger or systemically connected as an outlet. This ring main can be single-circuit, i.e., there is no supply / return system or two pipes as in the prior art.

[0073] The heat exchanger (HX) is the heat exchanger in the main circuit or heating network, comprising the heat exchange surface. It is hydraulically connected directly to the consumer, typically a heat pump on-site or to the district heating system. No additional heat exchanger or circulation pump is required. It is advantageously egg-shaped or spiral (wound) and can be lengthened or adjusted during installation to suit local requirements and positioned / fixed around the main pipe. The heat exchanger typically has an integrated connection line.

[0074] - Backfilling: The quality of the backfill is specifically designed for the system's functionality. - Trench: Due to the potential reduction to a single circuit and the integrated heat recovery via the heat exchanger, the trench for embedding the systems is significantly more compact compared to conventional supply and return systems.

[0075] An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures.

[0076] In detail:

[0077] Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a heat network, including several heat consumers or heat exchangers connected in series, according to the invention.

[0078] Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a section of a district heating network with a first heat exchanger according to the invention.

[0079] Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-section through the first heat exchanger according to Figure 2.

[0080] Figure 4 shows a schematic view of a section of a cold district heating network with a second heat exchanger according to the invention.

[0081] Figure 5 shows a schematic cross-section through the second heat exchanger according to Figure 4 and

[0082] Figure 6 shows a schematic view of a section of a cold district heating network with a heat source.

[0083] Figure 1 schematically shows a heating network with a single, closed main pipe.

[0084] Figure 1 illustrates a closed ring main 1 with several heat consumers 7, TI or heat exchangers 2, 20 connected in series according to the invention. As Figure 1 clearly shows, the heat network does not have a warmer supply and a colder return as is typical in the prior art. Instead, a heat fluid or water circulates through the ring main 1 in the direction of flow 30, with the heat consumers 7, TI or heat exchangers 2, 20 being hydraulically connected in series. Consequently, the temperature of the heat fluid decreases in the direction of flow 30 downstream of the point of consumption or heat exchanger 2, 20 compared to the point upstream, i.e., viewed in the direction of flow 30.

[0085] Figure 1 shows, by way of example only, advantageous sensors 25 or measuring probes 25, which can be optionally provided. These sensors, for example, detect the temperature and / or the flow velocity of the heat fluid and advantageously transmit this information to an electrical / electronic control unit (not shown) for monitoring and control. Similarly, advantageous pumps 10, also by way of example only, circulate the heat fluid or water in the heating network or the ring main 1. A minimum flow velocity should be provided, whereby the amount of energy / heat for the consumers or heat exchangers 2, 20 can be advantageously controlled or adjusted, particularly by controlling the flow velocity, especially in the ring main 1 and / or in the lines of the heat sources 12, 22. For this purpose, [further details to be added] may be provided.Advantageous actuators 24 or control valves 24 or the like, shown only as examples and optionally provided, may be provided, in particular on / within the tangential supply / input lines 8 and / or inlets / output lines 9 of heat sources 12, 22 and / or larger consumers TI or loads TI. In this sense, the pumps 10 can also be used as actuators, which can optionally be arranged, for example, in a bypass 28.

[0086] Individual, especially larger, consumers (TI) or larger buildings (TI) such as apartment buildings, commercial buildings, swimming pools, saunas, or the like could advantageously have additional, optional pumps 10, e.g., in a supply line or inlet of the corresponding heat exchanger. For example, such larger consumers or...

[0087] Building TI features tangential supply / input lines and / or inlet / output lines to generate an advantageous flow. These tangential supply / input lines and / or inlet / output lines of larger heat consumers can advantageously include pumps 10 such as those shown below in Figure 6 for a heat source 12. Furthermore, heat sources 22 can optionally be provided, which, for example, utilize waste heat from a commercial or industrial plant, wastewater, or the like, or feed it into the heating network or ring main 1.

[0088] In a somewhat extensive heating network, several pumps 10 and several sensors 25 can be provided, as is shown by way of example and as an option in Figure 1. In addition, heat exchangers 2, 20 with an integrated coil 2 and / or with liquid soil 3 or thermally conductive material 3 can be advantageously used, which are explained in more detail below.

[0089] Figure 2 schematically depicts a section of a district heating network with a single main pipe 1 and a collector 2 or heat exchanger 20 according to the invention. The collector 2 or heat exchanger (HX) 20 is arranged in a trench 4 in the ground and has two connection lines 5 for the HX supply and return, as well as an interior space 21 or receptacle 21 for the main pipe 1. The lines 5 are routed into a building 7 via building entry points 6, and these lines are encased in a heat transfer medium 13. The heating system in this building 7 is then supplied by means of the heat energy transferred from the HX 2.

[0090] Figure 3 illustrates in cross-section the structure of the main pipe 1 and its sheathing or integration in the trench 4. In this exemplary embodiment, the entire structure is advantageously designed concentrically. The heat transfer medium 13 is arranged completely around the main pipe 1 and contains the collector 2. Thermal insulation 14 is arranged around the heat transfer medium 13, and finally, the trench 4 is located on the outside.

[0091] As indicated in Figure 2, the collector 2 or heat exchanger (HX) 20 has an egg-shaped section that runs around the main pipe 1. This enables advantageous heat transfer between the collector 2 or heat exchanger (HX) 20 and the main pipe i of the heating network.

[0092] The collector 2 or heat exchanger (HX) 20 according to the embodiment of Figure 4 also has a correspondingly curved section. However, here the heating network is designed as a cold district heating network, so that the collector 2 or heat exchanger (HX) 20 and the heating network are designed somewhat differently than the example according to Figures 2 and 3. Figure 5 schematically shows that in this advantageous variant, a liquid soil 3 or thermally conductive material 3 is present, which contains the collector 2 or heat exchanger (HX) 20 or completely / both-sided encases it.

[0093] Figure 6 schematically illustrates an example of connecting a heat source 12 to the main pipe 1. Advantageously, a tangential outlet 8 and a tangential inlet 9 are provided, connecting the main pipe 1 to the source 12. By way of example, a parallel hydraulic connection of the source 12 to / with the main pipe 1 is provided. This connection also advantageously includes a pump 10 and an optional distributor 11.

[0094] In principle, collector 2 or heat exchanger (HX) 20 can transfer thermal energy from the main pipe i to the building ? or its heating system, as well as thermal energy from building 7 or a heating / cooling system or a building air conditioning system, or the like, to the main pipe 1. The latter can be particularly advantageous in cold district heating networks.

[0095] Furthermore, the following features or functions, individually or in combination, can generally be realized through a special further development of the invention:

[0096] - Frost-free operation of the geothermal heat source 12,

[0097] - Collector 2 or heat exchanger (HX) 20: Inlet from heat pump e.g. less than or equal to approx. -3°C, outlet from heat pump e.g. less than or equal to approx. 0°C,

[0098] - Cold heating network or development line: Source / Geothermal: > 0°C, i.e., frost-free operation of heat source 12 is feasible,

[0099] - this allows for higher peak performance (peak heat extraction) than above 0°C,

[0100] - A sufficiently large distance between the heat pump source circuit and the heating network / development line, together with the surrounding subsurface or soil, acts as a buffer storage, so that peak load damping is achievable.

[0101] - optional or additional use of latent heat, whereby an additional function and advantage is that moisture in the ground serves as a latent heat storage medium (ice formation / thawing), which leads to a greater storage effect and peak load damping.

Claims

Claims 1. A district heating network, in particular a cold local heating network or a long-distance heating network, with a closed heat fluid circuit (1) for distributing heat energy to at least one first building (7, 27) and one second building (7, 27), in particular one first and one second residential building (7, 27), wherein the heat fluid circuit (1) comprises at least one heat fluid and at least one first heat source (12, 22) as well as at least one first delivery device (2, 20) for the first building (7, 27) and a second delivery device (2, 20) for the second building (7, 27), wherein the first delivery device (2, 20) is designed for receiving and / or transferring heat energy for the first building (7, 27) and wherein the second delivery device (2, 20) is designed for receiving and / or transferring heat energy for the second building (7, 27), characterized in thatthat the closed heat fluid circuit (1 ) has at least one hydraulic series connection at least of the first discharge device (2, 20) for the first building (7, 27) and the second discharge device (2, 20) for the second building (7, 27) and / or the first heat source (12, 22).

2. Heat network according to claim 1, characterized in that the closed heat fluid circuit (1 ) is designed as a closed single-pipe ring main (1) with a single circulating ring pipe (1 ) for the heat fluid.

3. Heat network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic series connection of the closed heat fluid circuit (1) has at least a third extraction device (2, 20) for a third building (7, 27) and / or a fourth extraction device (2, 20) for a fourth building (7, 27) and / or a fifth extraction device (2, 20) for a fifth building (7, 27) and / or a sixth extraction device (2, 20) for a sixth building (7, 27), wherein the respective extraction device (2, 20) is designed to extract and / or transfer heat energy for the respective building (7, 27).

4. Heat network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the receiving devices (2, 20) has at least one circulating heat transfer surface, wherein the circulating heat transfer surface is designed to transfer heat energy of the heat fluid of the heat network / circulating ring pipe / single-pipe ring line (1 ) to a heat transfer surface of a heat exchanger (20).

5. Heat network according to one of the aforementioned claims, characterized in that the heat exchanger (20) has at least one flow connection (5) for a building heating fluid of a building heating system of at least one of the buildings (7) and at least one return connection (5) for the building heating fluid.

6. Heat network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat exchanger (20) is designed as a ground heat exchanger (20), wherein the ground heat exchanger (20) has at least one ground contact surface for the ground and wherein the ground heat exchanger (20) has at least one heat network inlet (21) for receiving the heat network (1), in particular the circulating ring pipe and / or single-pipe ring line (1), wherein the heat network inlet (21) comprises at least the heat transfer surface.

7. Heat network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat network intake (21 ) is designed as a cylindrical recess (21 ) of the ground heat exchanger (20), wherein the heat transfer surface is designed as a cylindrical shell and / or wherein the heat transfer surface is arranged around the cylindrical recess (21 ).

8. Heat network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closed heat fluid circuit (1 ) has at least a first hydraulic parallel connection of at least the first heat source (12, 22) and a second heat source (12, 22) and / or that the closed heat fluid circuit (1 ) has at least a second hydraulic parallel connection of at least one of the discharge devices (2, 20) and / or one of the heat sources (12, 22).

9. Heat network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first hydraulic parallel circuit and / or the second hydraulic parallel circuit comprises at least one bypass (28) for bridging at least one of the heat sources (12, 22) and / or for bridging at least one of the discharge devices (2, 20).

10. Heat network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the heat sources (12, 22) and / or at least one of the receiving devices (2, 20) has at least one inlet connection (8) and one outlet connection (9).

11. Heat network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one concentrically arranged longitudinal axis and / or a connection flow direction (30) of the inlet connection (8) and / or the outlet connection (9) is arranged at an angle of 1° to 45°, in particular at an angle of 5° to 30°, with respect to the circuit flow direction (30) of the heat fluid and / or with respect to the heat fluid circuit (1) and / or with respect to the closed single-pipe ring main (1) and / or with respect to the single circuit ring pipe (1) and / or wherein the inlet connection (8) and the outlet connection (9) are at least partially designed as a connection circular arc and are arranged tangentially with respect to the heat fluid circuit (1) and / or the closed single-pipe ring main (1) and / or the single circuit ring pipe (1).

12. Heat network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one control element (10, 24, 25) is provided for controlling a flow rate of the heat fluid and / or a fluid temperature of the heat fluid and / or that at least one sensor element (25) is provided for detecting an actual fluid parameter of the heat fluid such as an actual flow rate of the heat fluid and / or an actual fluid temperature of the heat fluid.

13. Heat network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control element (10, 24, 25) is designed as an actuator (24) and / or as a fluid pump (10) or as a control valve (24), wherein in particular one of the heat sources (12, 22) and / or one of the take-off devices (2, 20) and / or the bypass (28) comprises at least the control element (24, 25).

14. Heat network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one electrical and / or electronic control unit comprises at least one data storage unit and a setpoint-actual comparison unit, so that a setpoint-actual comparison of stored setpoint fluid parameters with recorded actual fluid parameters is possible.

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