Pane comprising a resistance heating arrangement

Abstract

The invention relates to a pane comprising a resistance heating arrangement having a plurality of linear heating elements and two opposing conductor elements, wherein the plurality of linear heating elements is arranged on the surface of the pane between the two opposing conductor elements, and wherein the plurality of linear heating elements is designed to be supplied with electrical power via the conductor elements in order to generate heat, and wherein the plurality of linear heating elements comprises tin, ITO, FTO, nickel silver, an alloy in accordance with DIN 17470, and / or aluminium-doped zinc oxide.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Disc with resistance heating arrangement

[0003] The invention relates to a disc with a resistance heating arrangement, as well as a control for the resistance heating arrangement of the disc and a vehicle with the disc with resistance heating arrangement.

[0004] Windscreens with resistance heating elements use electrical resistance to generate heat. The windscreen itself serves as the substrate for the heating element; this type of windscreen is commonly used, for example, as the rear window in vehicles, thus clearing the vehicle of ice and snow in cold temperatures.

[0005] WO 2018 / 041480 A1 discloses a glass pane with an electric heating arrangement suitable for use with an operating voltage of more than 14 volts, wherein at least part of the heating arrangement is also suitable to act as an antenna, wherein the heating arrangement has at least a first number of electrically conductive meandering sections and a second number of electrically conductive meandering sections, wherein the meandering sections within the first number and within the second number are arranged substantially parallel to each other in a first orientation, wherein the respective beginnings and ends of the meandering sections within the first number and within the second number arewithin the second number, each terminates on a common electrical conductor, each extending substantially perpendicular to the first orientation, wherein at least one of the electrical conductors extending substantially perpendicular to the first orientation acts as an antenna, wherein the at least one of the electrical conductors extending substantially perpendicular to the first orientation, acting as an antenna, has a potential different from the operating voltage when used with the operating voltage.

[0006] US 2018 / 139803 A1 discloses a disk with an electric heating layer, comprising at least: a disk with a surface, at least one electric heating layer applied to at least part of the surface and comprising at least one uncoated zone, at least two busbars for connection to a voltage source, connected to the electric heating layer in such a way that a current path for a heating current is formed between the busbars, and n dividing lines electrically dividing the electric heating layer into m segments, where n is an integer > 1 and m = n+1, wherein the segments are arranged in a strip around the uncoated zone such that the current path for the heating current is at least partially routed around the uncoated zone and the widths of the segments are equal and the sum of the widths of the segments is equal to the width of the electric heating layer.

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide an improved window heating system.

[0008] This problem is solved by the disc according to claim 1, the control unit according to claim 7 and the vehicle according to claim 9.

[0009] Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description of preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0010] Embodiments of the invention relate to an improved window heater, for example as a rear window for a vehicle, which is also suitable for use at high voltages, for example with a power supply from vehicle electrical systems with a voltage above 12 V, e.g. 24-60 V.

[0011] It was recognized that the electrical resistance must be sufficiently high to ensure the application and safety of the resistance heating arrangement when powered by high voltages.

[0012] Consequently, according to the invention, a disk with a resistance heating arrangement comprises a plurality of linear heating elements and two opposing conductor elements, wherein the plurality of linear heating elements is arranged between the two opposing conductor elements on the surface of the disk, and wherein the plurality of linear heating elements is designed to be supplied with electrical power via the conductor elements in order to heat, and wherein the plurality of linear heating elements comprises at least one of the high-resistance materials tin, ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluoro-doped tin oxide (e.g. SnO2:F)), nickel silver (e.g. CuNi12Zn24), an alloy according to DIN 17470 (e.g. NiCr3020) and / or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (e.g. ZnO:Al).

[0013] Thus, the heating elements can comprise one of the aforementioned materials (e.g., tin, ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluorinated tin oxide (e.g., SnÜ2:F)), nickel silver (e.g., CuNi12Zn24), an alloy according to DIN 17470 (e.g., NiCr3020), zinc oxide), or more than one, for example, any combination of the aforementioned materials.

[0014] Each of the materials tin, ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluoro-doped tin oxide (e.g. SnO2:F)), nickel silver (e.g. CuNi12Zn24), alloy according to DIN 17 470 (e.g. NiCr3020) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide is a high-resistance material, i.e., higher resistance than silver, for example.

[0015] This has the advantage of withstanding high electrical operating voltages, unlike other materials such as silver or tungsten. Therefore, even during extended periods of operation, the resistance heating element can heat only to below or only to the maximum permissible temperature for the glass, without damaging it (component protection).

[0016] A high-resistance material is one that exhibits high electrical resistance, thus hindering the flow of electric current and making it suitable for heating applications at voltages higher than 12 V, e.g., 24–60 V. A high-resistance material can have a specific resistance of 0.2–0.26 pQm. Consequently, the resistance of the conductive material used in the heating elements can be higher, for example, 15–16 times higher than that of silver, enabling the same heating power at a high voltage, e.g., 48 V, as with a standard 12-volt disc.

[0017] High-resistance materials can consist of a variety of materials, including metals, metal oxides, semiconductors and possibly also at a transition to insulators, such as ceramics.

[0018] Since the heating elements are designed to operate at high voltage, efficient heating is also possible. The increased heating power resulting from the high voltage allows for situation-specific heating. This enables faster (stronger) heating, as heat loss is then lower, thus saving electrical energy. Furthermore, the electrical energy can be precisely controlled over the heating period, for example, via a control system.

[0019] Consequently, energy efficiency is increased because the windshield heater is only switched on for as long as necessary, but at least as long as necessary. This allows the windshield to be heated quickly and efficiently, which is particularly useful in cold seasons for defrosting or dehumidifying the windshield. Furthermore, defrosting is also possible at very low temperatures of less than -12°C.

[0020] The heating elements can be transparent; for example, ITO and FTO have the property of being transparent in the visible spectrum. This is advantageous when using transparent glass, such as in the rear windows of vehicles, through which a driver must be able to see using the rearview mirror.

[0021] This has the advantage over printed heating conductors made of other materials or heating wires of allowing a better view through the window.

[0022] Furthermore, the linear shape of the heating elements, especially the horizontal linear shape, allows for good visibility through the window and is also material-saving with regard to the high-resistance material.

[0023] The heating elements can, for example, be printed onto the surface of the disc.

[0024] The heating elements can be applied to the surface of the disc using various techniques, such as screen printing, sputtering, or spraying, such as slurry / gel spraying.

[0025] The heating element can be protected by a protective layer. For example, a transparent protective layer, such as glass, can be placed over the heating elements to prevent access to or contact with them by a user. This can be particularly relevant if the heating element is operated with voltages above 60 V, for example, high voltages up to 1000 V, especially from 600 to 800 V, or high voltages above 1000 V.

[0026] The material of the heating elements can be mixed as particles with a glass frit in a conductive printing paste to apply the heating field to the surface of the disc, for example the inside of the disc, using one of the aforementioned techniques, for example screen printing.

[0027] In a subsequent process, the printing paste can then be heated together with the disk, its low-temperature melting glass frit can be fused with the glass of the disk and then cooled again, so that the printed heating field remains firmly connected to the disk.

[0028] Thus, the heating elements can be applied to the surface of the disk by printing a printing paste comprising at least one of the high-resistance materials and a glass frit, and melting the glass frit by heating.

[0029] Each of the linear heating elements can be 0.3 to 1.0 mm wide, for example also up to 0.5 mm, and for example also at least 0.3 mm and at most 1.0 mm wide, and / or each of the linear heating elements can be 0.05 to 0.2 mm high, i.e. also at least 0.05 mm and at most 0.2 mm high.

[0030] The pane can be tempered safety glass (ESG pane). ESG pane is a safety glass that is made resistant and shatterproof through thermal treatment.

[0031] The disc can consist of a single disc or of an assembly of several single discs.

[0032] The disc can be made of glass or transparent plastic, or it can comprise both materials.

[0033] For example, the pane can be a laminated glass pane comprising at least an outer pane, an inner pane, and a plastic interlayer (e.g., PVB film) positioned between the outer and inner panes. The surface on which the heating elements are applied can be a surface on the interior side of either the inner or outer pane, facing the plastic interlayer.

[0034] The outer pane and inner pane can refer to two glass panes used in laminated glass constructions, such as a rear window. The outer pane is the one facing the outside (e.g., of the vehicle) and is therefore exposed to environmental influences like ice, snow, and rain. The inner pane, on the other hand, is the one facing the outside, i.e., the interior (e.g., of the vehicle). Both panes are bonded together by a plastic interlayer. This interlayer can be an essential component of the laminated glass pane, bonding the two glass panes together. This interlayer can be made of various plastic materials, with polyvinyl butyral (PVB) being almost exclusively used due to its excellent adhesion to glass and high transparency.The film can also have UV-absorbing properties to reduce harmful ultraviolet rays. The film's thickness can vary depending on the specific safety requirements and the insulating properties of the pane. In certain designs, the film can also be colored or tinted to provide additional sun protection or privacy. In the case of a laminated glass pane, the heating element can be operated with voltages exceeding 60 V, for example, with high voltages of 600 to 800 V, or with high voltages up to 1000 V, or even above 1000 V, because the heating element is located on the side facing the interlayer and the user does not come into contact with it.

[0035] The heating elements can also be applied to the plastic interlayer, e.g., stitched on.

[0036] The heating elements serve to heat up when needed. These heating elements can convert supplied electrical power into heat through their electrical resistance.

[0037] A connection to a power source can therefore be made using the conductor elements, which serve as contacts. The conductor elements can be made of metal, for example silver or copper.

[0038] The heating elements are arranged between the two conductor elements. For example, the contacts can be designed as busbars, such as a metal strip (e.g., a copper strip). The two conductor elements can thus be two busbars, and the heating elements can be arranged between the two busbars.

[0039] The busbars can run vertically close to the right and left edges of the disk or the visible area of ​​the disk, for example, in the area between the visible area and the disk edge, such as in a dot matrix and / or black print. Alternatively, the busbars can also run horizontally close to the top and bottom edges of the disk or the visible area of ​​the disk, for example, in the area between the visible area and the disk edge, such as in a dot matrix and / or black print. Consequently, the heating elements can run horizontally or vertically across the surface of the disk between the two conductor elements.

[0040] The linear heating elements can run along the surface of the disc between the two conductor elements in essentially straight and parallel paths, and / or as parallel curves and / or (semi-)circular shapes, for example in the wiping circle of a vehicle's windshield wiper, such as a rear wiper, and / or following the upper or lower contour or the right and left contour of the disc.

[0041] Some of the linear heating elements, for example the outer heating elements of the multitude of heating elements, may run around a recess, notch or indentation, for example in or at the edge of the heating field that includes the multitude of linear heating elements, so that this area is kept clear, for example for other electrical devices that are arranged on the disc and / or for a through-hole.

[0042] Thus, the linear heating elements can follow the essentially shortest path between the two conductor elements, with some heating elements potentially running around a local recess in and / or at the edge of the heating field. Consequently, the heating elements can run from one conductor element to the opposite heating element in such a way that they run exclusively in one direction, such as in a straight line, i.e., without any changes in direction (e.g., winding, zigzag, etc.).

[0043] The resistance heating element can cover the glass completely or partially. This allows parts of the glass to be free of the heating element for other components, such as an antenna that can be mounted on the glass. The antenna can then be positioned outside the heating area, in a designated antenna zone on the glass. This ensures that interference with antenna function and mobile phone reception, for example, inside a vehicle, is avoided.

[0044] In the case of ESG windows, the resistance heating arrangement can also be used for the antenna function.

[0045] The conductive elements, for example as a busbar, can also limit the portion of the glass, for example vertically and / or horizontally, that a driver can see when looking in the rearview mirror when using it as a rear window in a vehicle (the viewing area of ​​the glass). Thus, the heating element can completely cover the viewing area. Other parts of the glass can, for example, remain free of the resistance heating arrangement. Since the heating elements can be transparent and / or very narrow, the driver can still see through the viewing area of ​​the rear window even when it is covered by the heating element.

[0046] If the heating field only fills the part of the disc that serves as the viewing area, the antenna can be located, for example, in the periphery of the disc, e.g., above, below, or to the side of the heating field.

[0047] There are versions where the window is a rear window for a vehicle.

[0048] The disc can also be used for other vehicle windows, e.g., windshield, side windows, and roof window. Furthermore, the disc can also be used as a window pane for buildings.

[0049] A control unit according to the invention is designed to control the resistance heating arrangement of a disk according to one of the preceding embodiments, so that the heating power supplied to the heating elements can be adapted to ambient conditions.

[0050] A control unit can be an electronic device or system used to control or regulate the operating parameters or functions of other devices or systems. In this case, the control unit is designed to control the heating elements of a glass pane, such as a tempered safety glass pane. To do this, it can regulate and adjust the amount of electrical power supplied to the resistance heating element. This regulation and adjustment can be based on various parameters or environmental conditions.

[0051] Originally, heating the glass pane usually works via a fixed timer and a control switch that starts the heating process. However, with the control unit, the heating power or heating time can be adjusted based on ambient conditions.

[0052] The heating power supplied to the resistance heating element can be controlled by the control unit, for example, by regulating the amount of electrical power supplied to the heating element. This can be achieved, for instance, by controlling the voltage or current supplied to the heating element from a power source. The power source could be a battery or a generator. The control unit can be configured to automatically adjust the heating power, for example, based on current environmental conditions or user input.

[0053] The environmental conditions can encompass various factors or parameters that may influence the operating conditions or requirements of the resistance heating system. Examples of such environmental conditions include the outside temperature, the vehicle's interior temperature, humidity, or solar radiation. The control unit can receive information about the current environmental conditions from various sensors or input devices that may be located in or around the vehicle.

[0054] Furthermore, the control unit can retrieve this information from a network via an interface. Such a network can be a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), which may be based on the IEEE 802.11 standard and can be used in home networks, offices, and public areas. Another network option is a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), such as Bluetooth, Wireless USB, ZigBee, and Z-Wave. The network can also be a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), such as cellular technologies like LTE and 5G. A Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) is also possible. Other network options include a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), such as networks consisting of distributed sensors that collect and wirelessly transmit environmental data. These are often used in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT).A satellite network is another possible network option, utilizing satellites for global communication and data transmission, particularly in remote areas. Furthermore, a wireless mesh network is also an option, where the devices themselves act as routers and forward data.

[0055] Based on this information, the control unit can then adjust the heating power supplied to the resistance heating arrangement accordingly, in order to provide an efficient heating function for fast and efficient defrosting and dehumidification in winter.

[0056] The control unit can regulate the heating power based on the information and a corresponding (predefined) characteristic map. Furthermore, sensors can be used to monitor the heating process and generate a feedback signal, thereby regulating the heating. Multiple sensors can be used for this purpose. Additionally, the resistance heating arrangement can be controlled via the control unit using pulse-width modulation (PWM). The PWM can be dependent on ambient temperature and speed. Furthermore, high-frequency filters can be used to prevent negative interference with the antenna.

[0057] Furthermore, switch cooling can be used if the switches in the pulse-width modeling become warm. Additionally, the pulse-width modeling can be configured to avoid steep edges, thus preventing the switches from overheating.

[0058] Furthermore, low-frequency switching signals (e.g., less than 100 Hz) can be used.

[0059] A vehicle according to the invention comprises a disc according to one of the preceding embodiments.

[0060] The vehicle in question can be a car, truck, bus, train, off-road vehicle, agricultural vehicle, construction vehicle, aircraft, ship, boat, or any other vehicle requiring a window. It can be a conventionally powered vehicle or an electric vehicle. The vehicle's window, for example, the rear window, is designed according to the specifications described above. Linear heating elements made of high-resistance material are arranged on a surface of the window, thus ensuring the heating function, for example, for the rapid and efficient defrosting of the vehicle in winter.

[0061] The energy source for the heating function can be the vehicle's battery, for example a low-voltage battery or, in the case of electric vehicles, a high-voltage battery. Since the heating function of the windshield, as described above, operates particularly quickly and energy-efficiently, it is also ensured that the vehicle battery is not unnecessarily drained.

[0062] There are versions in which the vehicle, as described above, also includes a control unit as described above.

[0063] The control unit in the vehicle can be designed to control the windshield's resistance heating element. It can regulate and adjust the amount of electrical power supplied to the heating element. This can be done based on various parameters or environmental conditions, such as the outside temperature, the vehicle's interior temperature, humidity, or solar radiation. The control unit can receive information about the current environmental conditions from various sensors or input devices located in or around the vehicle. Based on this information, the control unit can then adjust the heating power supplied to the resistance heating element accordingly to provide an efficient heating function for quickly and effectively defrosting and dehumidifying the windshield in winter.The power supplied to the heating elements can be provided by a power source, such as a battery or generator, and regulated or controlled by the control unit.

[0064] The control unit can be configured to automatically adjust the heating output, for example based on current environmental conditions or user input. It can, for instance, have a network interface through which it can retrieve current environmental data or be operated.

[0065] Integrating the control unit into the vehicle allows for optimal use of the window, for example the rear window, and improves vehicle performance. Efficient defrosting and dehumidification also improves the vehicle's efficiency.

[0066] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are now described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:

[0067] Fig. 1a shows a thermographic front view of a disk with a resistance heating arrangement without high-resistance material after 30 seconds of heating time with a 48 V power source;

[0068] Fig. 1b shows a thermographic front view of a disk with a resistance heating arrangement without high-resistance material after 60 seconds of heating time with a 48 V power source;

[0069] Fig. 1c shows a thermographic front view of a disk with a resistance heating arrangement without high-resistance material after 180 seconds of heating time with a 48 V power source;

[0070] Fig. 2 shows a front view of a disk with a resistance heating arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0071] Fig. 3 shows a vehicle with a disc with a resistance heating arrangement according to one embodiment;

[0072] Fig. 4 shows a vehicle with a windscreen featuring a resistance heating element and an antenna according to one embodiment. Fig. 5 shows a vehicle with a windscreen featuring a resistance heating element, a control unit, and a power source according to one embodiment.

[0073] Fig. 1a shows a thermographic front view of a disk with a resistance heating arrangement without high-resistance material after 30 seconds of heating with a 48 V power source.

[0074] On the surface of the disc 90 is arranged a resistance heating arrangement 91, which comprises a plurality of heating elements 94 made of silver applied to the surface of the disc 90, which are contacted via two busbars 92 with a 48 V power source (not visible), which delivers 1694 watts.

[0075] With a heating time of 30 seconds, the heating elements 94 are already heated to a maximum of 72.82 °C. Thus, the permissible maximum temperature of 70 °C is exceeded after only 30 seconds.

[0076] Fig. 1b shows a thermographic front view of the disk 90 from Fig. 1b with resistance heating arrangement 91 without high-resistance material after 60 seconds of heating time with a 48 V power source.

[0077] After 60 seconds, the heating elements 94 have already heated up to a maximum temperature of 89.46 °C.

[0078] Fig. 1c shows a thermographic front view of the disk 90 from Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b with resistance heating arrangement 91 without high-resistance material after 180 seconds of heating time with a 48 V power source.

[0079] After 180 seconds, the heating elements 94 have already heated up to a maximum temperature of 170.55 °C, which corresponds to approximately 10 times higher heating power than with a 12 V power source.

[0080] Figures 1a to 1c thus show that a disc heater with heating elements made of silver becomes too hot for use as a disc heater in a short time at high voltages.

[0081] Fig. 2 shows a front view of a disk with a resistance heating arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment. A resistance heating arrangement 110 is arranged on the surface of the disk 100, comprising a plurality of heating elements 104 applied to the surface of the disk 100, which are contacted via two busbars 111 with a current source (not visible).

[0082] Heating elements 104 are mounted between the two vertical busbars 111 on one side of the disc 100. The disc 100 can be a tempered safety glass (ESG) disc.

[0083] The heating elements 104 are arranged horizontally following the surface contour of the disk 100, corresponding to the shortest path between the two busbars 111. At the lower edge of the heating field, heating elements 104 are arranged around a recess 118. The remaining heating elements 104 are arranged in a straight line and parallel to each other between the busbars 111.

[0084] The material of the heating elements 104 is a high-resistance material. The resistance heating arrangement is connected to a high-voltage power source, e.g., a 48 V vehicle electrical system (e.g., 200, Figs. 3, 4 and 5).

[0085] The energy source is connected to busbars 111 via cables (not visible), so that a current flows between busbars 111, with the high-resistance heating elements 104 serving as a resistance in the circuit, causing the heating elements 104 to heat up.

[0086] Fig. 3 shows a vehicle with a disc with a resistance heating arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0087] Vehicle 200 comprises a disc 100 with a resistance heating arrangement 110, as described in Fig. 2, which functions as the rear window. The busbars are arranged vertically and invisibly along the right and left peripheral edges of the rear window; for example, the busbars (111, Fig. 2) can be located within the opaque, black edge of the rear window. The heating elements 104 have a local recess (118, Fig. 2) at the lower edge to accommodate the through-hole for the windshield wiper 113.

[0088] Alternatively, disc 100 may not include a through-hole and therefore may not contain a local recess. Thus, all heating elements 104 can run horizontally straight between the busbars 111 and parallel to each other.

[0089] A windshield wiper 113 is arranged on the outer surface of the disc 100. The resistance heating element 110 of the disc 100 is connected to a power source of the vehicle 200, for example a battery (e.g. the high-voltage battery), via the vehicle's electrical system 200. The vehicle's voltage is, for example, 48V.

[0090] Fig. 4 shows a vehicle with a disc with resistance heating arrangement and antenna according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0091] Vehicle 200 comprises a disc 100 with a resistance heating arrangement 110, as described in Fig. 2, which functions as a rear window. The busbars are arranged vertically and invisibly along the right and left peripheral edges of the rear window; for example, the busbars (111, Fig. 2) can be arranged in the opaque, black edge of the rear window.

[0092] The resistance heating arrangement 110 only partially covers the disc 100. The heating elements 104 have a local recess (118, Fig. 2) at the lower edge to accommodate the electronics of the windshield wiper 113. Alternatively, the disc 100 may not have a through-hole and therefore may not have a local recess. In this case, all heating elements 104 can run horizontally between the busbars 111 and parallel to each other.

[0093] Furthermore, the antenna section 112 is arranged above the resistance heating arrangement 110. The antenna section 112, in which an antenna (not visible) is arranged on the disc, is located outside the resistance heating arrangement 110 above the heating elements 104.

[0094] A windshield wiper 113 is arranged on the outer surface of the disc 100. The resistance heating element 110 of the disc 100 is connected to a power source of the vehicle 200, for example a battery (e.g. the high-voltage battery), via the vehicle's electrical system 200. The vehicle's electrical system is, for example, a 48 V system.

[0095] Fig. 5 shows a vehicle with a disc with resistance heating arrangement, a control unit and a power source according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0096] Vehicle 200 (e.g. vehicle 200 from Fig. 3 or 4) comprises disk 100, power source 202 and control unit 201.

[0097] Disc 100 is as described in Fig. 2. Power source 202 supplies heating elements 104 of disc 100 with electrical power. This is shown by the connection to the lower left and right corners of disc 100. The heating elements 104 of disc 100 are contacted via conductor elements, for example by means of busbars (e.g. 111, Fig. 2) that run along one edge of disc 100 on the left and right (for example below a black print on disc 100).

[0098] Power source 202 can be a battery or a generator integrated into vehicle 200. The battery can be a conventional car battery or a high-voltage battery, such as those used in electric vehicles. The generator can be part of vehicle 200's motor and generate electrical energy by converting mechanical energy. Power source 202 supplies the electrical power, which is converted into heat by heating elements 104 to heat disc 100. The amount of electrical power supplied to the resistance heating arrangement 110 can be regulated by control unit 201 to ensure efficient heating.

[0099] Control unit 201 is an electronic device or system used to control or regulate the operating parameters or functions of other devices or systems. In this case, control unit 201 is designed to control the heating elements 104 or the resistance heating arrangement 110 of the disc 100. This is represented by the connections to the power source 202 and the disc 100. Thus, either the power source 202 can be controlled directly, or a switching or dimming mechanism in the disc 100 can be controlled. Furthermore, a switching or dimming mechanism installed elsewhere in the vehicle 200 could also be used for this purpose, for example, within the control unit 201 itself. It can regulate and adjust the amount of electrical power supplied to the heating elements 104.This can be done based on various parameters or environmental conditions, such as the outside temperature, the interior temperature of the vehicle 200, the humidity, or the solar radiation. Control unit 201 can receive information about the current environmental conditions from various sensors or input devices that may be located in or around the vehicle 200. Based on this information, control unit 201 can then adjust the heating power supplied to heating elements 104 accordingly to provide an efficient heating function for the rapid and efficient defrosting and dehumidification of the windshield 100 in winter. Reference symbol.

[0100] Disc with heating elements made of silver

[0101] Resistance heating arrangement with heating elements made of silver

[0102] Silver heating elements

[0103] disc

[0104] heating elements

[0105] Resistance heating arrangement

[0106] busbar

[0107] Antenna area

[0108] windshield wipers

[0109] recess

[0110] vehicle

[0111] steering

[0112] power source

Claims

Patent claims 1. A disk (100) with a resistance heating arrangement (110) comprising a plurality of linear heating elements (104) and two opposing conductor elements (111), wherein the plurality of linear heating elements (104) is arranged between the two opposing conductor elements (111) on the surface of the disk (100), and wherein the plurality of linear heating elements (104) is designed to be supplied with electrical power via the conductor elements (111) in order to heat, and wherein the plurality of linear heating elements (104) comprises at least one of the high-resistance materials tin, ITO, FTO, nickel silver, an alloy according to DIN 17470 and / or aluminum-doped zinc oxide.

2. Disc (100) according to claim 1, wherein each of the linear heating elements (104) is at least 0.3 mm and at most 1.0 mm wide, and / or wherein each of the linear heating elements (104) is at least 0.05 mm and at most 0.2 mm high.

3. Pane (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pane (100) is a single-pane safety glass.

4. Disc (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heating elements (104) are provided by Printing a printing paste comprising at least one of the high-resistance materials and a glass frit, and Fusing the glass frit with the disk (100) by heating and cooling the glass frit applied to the surface of the disk.

5. Disc (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the linear heating elements (104) extend along the surface of the disc (100) between the two conductor elements (111) in straight and parallel paths, and / or as parallel curves, and / or in the wiping circle of a windscreen wiper (113), and / or following the upper or lower contour of the disc (100).

6. Disc (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the disc (100) is a rear window for a vehicle (200).

7. Disc (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the disc (100) comprises an antenna arranged on the disc (100) outside the area of ​​the heating elements (104).

8. A control unit (201) designed to control the resistance heating arrangement (110) of a disk (100) according to one of the preceding claims, such that the heating power supplied to the heating elements (104) is adaptable to ambient conditions.

9. Vehicle (200), comprising: a disc (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. Vehicle (200) according to claim 9, further comprising: a control unit (201) according to claim 8.

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