Protection process for skala modules or act front glass
A solvent-free liquid film is applied and cured on BIPV modules to address adhesion and integration issues, providing effective protection and reducing rejection rates by forming a solid film that adheres well to non-flat surfaces, maintaining a flawless appearance and reducing production costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/123792
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing protective films for BIPV modules face issues such as increased costs, quality problems, and defects in optical appearance, leading to high rejection rates and technical issues during application, particularly due to the lack of integration with existing PV module production processes and inadequate adhesion to non-flat surfaces.
A solvent-free liquid protective film is applied to BIPV modules, cured using UV radiation or other methods, forming a solid film that adheres tightly to the surface, allowing for easy removal and providing full coverage without wrinkles or loose ends, and can be adapted to different surface properties.
The solution ensures effective protection against mechanical and chemical contaminants, maintains a flawless appearance, and allows for easy application on non-flat surfaces without additional equipment, reducing rejection rates and production costs.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024123792_16042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PROTECTION PROCESS FOR SKALA MODULES OR ACT FRONT GLASSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of protection of SKALA modules or ACT front glass, in particular, to a protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass.BACKGROUND
[0002] In the process of handling BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) modules, it was noticed that there was an obvious contamination problem. Practice has proved that it is very necessary to take effective mechanical and chemical protection measures to prevent these modules from being affected by scratches, finger grease, grease and oil stains from dirty gloves, road dust, dropping and adhering building materials (such as plaster) and corrosive substances (such as bird's droppings or plaster) . At present, the general consensus in the industry is that in the backend part of the PV module manufacturing process and during the installation of the PV modules, the best protection effect can be achieved by using protective films. However, it can be seen from the current relevant study for this purpose that there are still many needs that are not met.
[0003] For a laminated BIPV module:
[0004] at the beginning of a lamination process, it is beneficial to protect ACT glass, so as to protect its sensitive surface against contamination and other influences from a coating production line. Such a protection measure meets the requirement of the market, because contaminants such as edge sealing and drill hole sealing materials, grease and dirt residues which may be deposited on conveyor belts anywhere in the transport system of the backend production line, especially in the laminating machine, may redeposit on the surface of the BIPV module and lead to an excess rejection rate. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective protection measures.
[0005] Therefore, for the lamination with a protective film, it is necessary to buy a protective film coating system. If possible, this system should preferably be integrated into the backend of an existing PV module production workshop architecture. However, this will lead to a significant increase in cost, and operators are not inclined to use cheaper manual operation schemes at present.
[0006] Since coating equipment for the film-protected BIPV modules is not an established standard part of the module manufacturing backend process, the construction and installation of protective film coating systems is likely to involve special machinery manufacturers.
[0007] There are many types of protective films available in the market, however, only very few types meet the film specifications formulated by Avancis. Therefore, conventional protective films need to be certified by Avancis. This situation may lead to a situation that there is only one supplier.
[0008] Due to technical reasons, even if a film type is acceptable, there may be quality problems in the process of application. In addition, the treatment and installation of conventional laminated BIPV modules may cause weathering and other technical problems on the of customers' products, e.g. foil wrinkling and adhesive deposition on front glass after weathering.
[0009] Existing Patent Documents
[0010] Patent Document 1: WO2007 / 108905A1 describes a process for producing a liquid mixture to form a removable temporary protective film based on an aqueous polyurethane dispersion. The mixture is used to protect solar modules from patent limitations.
[0011] Patent Document 2: DE102017216528A1 describes a protective film for solar cells, a solar module with a protective film, a solar film, and a protection process for solar modules. The protection of a solar module by a liquid protective film is free from patent limitations.
[0012] Patent Document 3: DE10107613A1 describes a liquid film as a protection for painted motor vehicles in transportation. This patent relates to the optimization of polymer composition, so as to ensure the best tack and release of the liquid protective film on a vehicle surface (painted steel surface) . An indirect conclusion can be drawn from this, so as to optimize the composition of the liquid protective film for PV (photovoltaic) front glass chemically, provided that there exists a deviation from commercial products. This is particularly interesting in deriving a formula to reduce the cost of the liquid film. However, the use of the liquid film as a protective film for solar modules is not limited by this patent.
[0013] The main points mentioned here may lead to defects in the protective function of the protective film, defects in the optical appearance of film-protected photovoltaic modules, technical problems in the application of the protective film, or an increase in the rejection rate of the film-protected SKALA modules, and therefore will face the present invention introduced herein.
[0014] The present invention lays emphasis on the use of existing or upcoming equipment and its full functionality, beautiful and flawless appearance and durability in use in terms of its parameters, such as thickness, hardness and pull-out property of a protective material, and an adjustable solution for protecting SKALA modules can be used without major conversion at the back end of Fab2.SUMMARY
[0015] In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass. The present invention lays emphasis on the use of existing or upcoming equipment and its full functionality, beautiful and flawless appearance and durability in use in terms of its parameters, such as thickness, hardness and pull-out property of a protective material, and an adjustable solution for protecting SKALA modules can be used without major conversion at the back end of Fab2.
[0016] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objective, the protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass adopted by the present invention comprises:
[0017] (a) choosing a BIPV module with a surface that needs temporary protection;
[0018] (b) cleaning and drying the BIPV module +;
[0019] (c) coating the BIPV module with a layer of preset solvent-free liquid;
[0020] (d) transforming the preset solvent-free liquid film into a solid protective film by a preset curing method.
[0021] The core of the present invention is to form a liquid protective film by using the solvent-free liquid, apply it to a BIPV module, and cure it preferably by ultraviolet radiation or another feasible method. A polymer mentioned herein is called "photoresist" if it may be cured by light or ultraviolet radiation. Photoresists are widely used in microelectronics for structural etching and deposition of electronic components. These photoresists usually have relatively firm bonding properties, and are usually removed by a liquid bath (water, acid, alkali) during processing. In the market, there are also curable liquid polymers, which neither will be dissolved nor swell significantly in the presence of water, and whose adhesion to many types of substrate is significantly lower than that of liquid-etchable photoresists, so the crosslinked polymers may be removed from coated surfaces after curing by mechanical peeling. These resists allow for their use as protective films for substrate surfaces such as the front glass of a SKALA module.
[0022] The film-forming solvent-free fluid used for coating of a BIPV module comprises a liquid polymer or a mixture of a polymers and / or monomeric or oligomeric building blocks from which a polymer can be formed by a polymerization reaction and optional additives, wherein:
[0023] it is formed from a solution of a solid material in a liquid and cured in the air or under the effect of other clearly applicable external factors in the following way: (a) polymerization or crosslinking; (b) gelation; (c) solidification from a melting stage or (d) transition from a liquid state to a solid state by mixing two or more solid phases and / or liquid phases (and air or a gas other than an additional gas phase) and making them undergo physical or chemical reaction. These methods include, but are not limited to, the application of ultraviolet radiation, hot air, infrared radiation, cooling, water vapor or other reactive gases.
[0024] In the process of transition from the liquid state to the solid state, a continuous film tends to be formed (hardened) .
[0025] In the process of curing, the size changes only slightly, which enables the shape fit between the surface and outline of a material to be protected (such as a frosted glass surface) and the film material to be achieved, thereby covering the surface intended for protection completely with a thin, mechanically removable film which adheres to the covered surface. This process involves both macro and micro scales.
[0026] In the process of curing, the liquid mixture will generate cohesion and tensile strength, so that the film can be tightly attached to the surface of the protected material. Once the liquid mixture is completely cured, the film can be easily removed from the surface of the protected material due to its tensile strength, and the production of fragments can be widely reduced.
[0027] After curing, the material must be able to adhere to the object to be protected, and adhesion should be high enough to ensure that the liquid protective film will not come off from a substrate due to accidental movement or natural influence at an installation site even before it is going to be removed by purpose. Such a protective film can protect the surface of the object, but adhesion is not so high that the protective film cannot be removed from the surface to be protected by releasing the shape fit of one or more parts. In addition, the composition of the liquid film must be able to adapt to the surface properties of the object to be protected, e.g. the polarity of the material.
[0028] The curing behavior of the liquid material used must correspond to an application technique, and vice versa. According to chemical properties of liquid materials used, protective films can be formed with different elasticities and with different degrees of plastic deformation upon the action of peel force, e.g. a crosslinked polyurea film, which is harder than the following liquid resists.
[0029] For example, materials which may be applied to the surface of solar modules as melts include:
[0030] low-viscosity polyolefin grades;
[0031] low-viscosity thermoplastic silicones without adhesion-promoting functionalization; and
[0032] low-viscosity thermoplastic polyurethane with low polarity functionalization.
[0033] For example, materials which may be applied to solar modules by forming firm protective films through chemical reactions (polymerization and crosslinking) of liquid starting materials include:
[0034] slowly polymerizing polyurea reaction mixtures with chemically reduced adhesion to glass; and
[0035] polyurethane reaction mixtures with chemically reduced adhesion to glass.
[0036] The various advantages of the liquid resist materials as protective polymers for SKALA front glass and the advantages of an application process are listed as examples, but completeness is not required.
[0037] The polymerization, crosslinking or other way of curing of the film is carried out through a UV (ultraviolet) surface treatment technique and other application options:
[0038] through the radiative treatment technique, a protective film may be applied from many types of liquid resists. This provides an opportunity for BIPV manufacturers to utilize their existing UV surface treatment equipment, such as UV printing stations, to be used as protection film application stations. According to the current concept of a production line at Avancis GmbH, a protective coating could be applied before the backend, which is beneficial to the protection of the sensitive ACT layer, that is, the ACT layer passes through an undisturbed process flow (surface treatment system + lamination) in the backend of PV module production.
[0039] On a bus bar cover on the back of the turning machine, in addition to a UV-curable resist, a type of thermally cured or detachable resist may also be used. However, the premise is that the current surface treatment system equipped with ultraviolet lamps is not used for this purpose. In this case, liquid coating may be performed by rake or roller pressure, or spraying may be adopted. For improved curing, the coating can be dried at high temperature, e.g. by a simple infrared emitter array or at room temperature. It is even possible to perform post-curing in the lamination stage of the PV modules.
[0040] If the UV curing of the surface treatment system is not used for this front-glass printing purposes, then there will be alternative possibilities by thermal curing or room-temperature curing of the above-mentioned liquid polymer.
[0041] When surface treatment is performed on a PV module’s outer front glas surface, the shape is stable, and there are no projections:
[0042] The technique of covering PV modules with a solid protective fil usually requires that a liquid medium for surface treatment has a solid substrate, and it has no loose ends. When a solid protective film with a slightly protruding film width and length (as it is the case to avoid uncovered areas in case of application tolerances) is used for surface protection, loose ends of the film are almost inevitable. If these free ends get stuck, for example, in the process of packaging by shearing, or if an installer unintentionally removes parts of the protective film too early, then there is a risk of over-early separation as mentioned above. When a protective film made from liquid polymers is applied to a PV module, loose ends of the film will not exist because the film needs the complete surface of the PV module for forming, and it will not prematurely loosen from its substrate.
[0043] As mentioned above, when the liquid protective film is used, there is no residual air on the interface between the protective polymer and the front glass, so the appearance itself is uniform. Even if a material-related gas appears in the resist, a uniform appearance can still be produced as expected. A high volume of gas can produced or enclosed in the liquid protective film mixture may be used to produce a foamed protective film with better shock-absorbing properties.
[0044] When used, both the solid protective film and the liquid protective film should prevent grease contamination on the front glass to be protected; and they will not be removed from the resist, but stick to the glass. However, when the resist is applied to the front glass before the backend of a PV module production line, the surface of the front glass can be prevented from coming into contact with possible grease, oil or resin contamination sources of the production line from the beginning.
[0045] A solid protective film is made of a predetermined film-based polymer with uniform thickness and an adhesive layer with uniform thickness, wherein the adhesive layer is laminated on the front glass for protection. In contrast, the resist thickness of a liquid protective film on the substrate, i.e. the dosage, and the curing of the liquid resist depend on the parameter guidance of the system used. This also means that there may be error sources here. In order to realize uniform and even resist application, ideally, a printing screen should be properly selected according to the optimal thread thickness and mesh size; moreover, a sufficient UV dose should be used for complete curing.
[0046] In contrast to solid protective films, it is easily possible for the end-user to add pigments or other colorants to the liquid resist in order to achieve a variety of different colors in the liquid protective film. It is also possible to add other functional additives to the resist in order to achieve certain functionalities, e.g. increased UV stability. This is possible because a liquid resist batch of material may consist of a few kilograms of material, which can easily be modified by manual adding additives can easily be mixed in. However, for a color or additive change in solid protection films the film extrusion process must be adapted, which is a major change in the film production involving large quantities of polymer material to be converted into film, often entailing major losses due to material changeover.
[0047] In addition to a practical application as a pure protective film in preventing mechanical and chemical external influences during the construction and assembly of a photovoltaic made of SKALA modules, the application of the screen-printing technique with liquid resists opens up further possibilities for the design of SKALA modules. For example, a PV-module can be decorated by screen-printing or other printing techniques with liquid resists. A further coating step, e.g. a vacuum coating as it is usually implemented for the application of ACT layers, can then be used to coat the complete frontglass but leaved the additional vacuum coating only in the recessed areas. Removal of the resist from the printed areas of the front glass reveals the areas that were not covered by the resist, which are coated with a second layer of color coating, in contrast to the resist-covered areas which only bear a single color coating layer. This allows the production of a series of photovoltaic modules with an identical decoration, using the same printing screen for a series of front glasses. In this application variant, the decoration of recessed areas has a double layers of coating, and its final color must be determined by a preliminary test.
[0048] On the other hand, the ACT thin films can also be removed from the same recess by an appropriate layer removal measure (e.g. sandblasting) ; this has been done in a sandblasting test as part of an internal product test of colored SKALA modules in the prior art. Such coating-removed areas appear black, substantially corresponding to the color of SKALA Anthracite G001. After the structured protective film formed by the resist is removed, a photovoltaic module with an initial set color of black decoration will be produced. In addition, uncoated areas may be recoated with a defined color through a further coating step using a defined ACT layer, and the defined ACT layer may be different from the original color of the ACT layer under the resist in terms of layer thickness and color according to requirement.
[0049] For post-sputtering coating mentioned here, the type of resist used should have corrosion resistance and general applicability to the sputtering process in addition to sandblasting resistance.
[0050] Compared with the application of a prefabricated protective film (roll) , the above-mentioned protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass according to the present invention has the following advantages:
[0051] if the substrate is three-dimensionally distorted from a plane shape, a solid protection film may form wrinkles and stretched areas due to its former plane shape; however, a liquid protection film, if it can be applied to the three-dimensionally distorted substrate, does not react in the way of local loss of adhesion, and stays attached to the substrate and does therefore not allow the intrusion of adverse environmental influences;
[0052] no edge overlapping: A prefabricated protective film composed of a base film (such as a polyethylene film) and a pressure-sensitive adhesive (such as acrylate adhesive) can only adapt to the roughness of substrates to a certain extent. Roughness exceeding a specific value (e.g. the surface of frosted glass) cannot be fully filled by the adhesive of the protective film, which is why the protective film only partially adheres to the substrate when the roughness exceeds the specific value. On the other hand, the material viscosity of the liquid protective film is obviously low, so the liquid protective film can fully fill the smallest irregular places on the rough substrate, thus ensuring the full adhesion of the liquid protective film on the substrate with high roughness. For example, this makes it possible to use vacuum suction cups to transport an object covered with the liquid protective film. If the prefabricated protective film is attached to the surface, bubbles and air passages let air pass into the areas of the vacuum cups, which will lead to the failure of adhesion between substrate and the protective film. As a result, the transported object (e.g. a solar module with a frosted glass surface) may fall from the suction cups;
[0053] format freedom: For example, prefabrication performed using a conventional solid protective film will lead to a certain roll width. As a result, due to the necessary trimming of the film, the lamination of objects with different widths (smaller) will lead to extra work; and a larger object may need to be protected by several protective films. The resulting seam or overlap of film strips is the weakness of a protection function, and may be not beautiful. In the case of a pre-cut roll, the lamination of an even surface with an irregular shape always involves film trimming subsequent to lamination.
[0054] Compared with an unprotected surface (of a solar cell module) , the advantages of any solid protective film are also applicable to the liquid protective film:
[0055] (1) mechanical protection;
[0056] (2) protecting the surface against chemical influence and contamination;
[0057] (3) protection against general weathers;
[0058] (4) if the color of the film reflects light (e.g. white) and / or absorbs light (e.g. black) , preventing the influence of light. (If it is a liquid protective film, a white or black additive may be directly added into the liquid to be applied) .
[0059] (5) under the premise that the protective film is white / reflective, preventing heating in the sunshine.
[0060] The uniqueness of a SKALA module or ACT front glass produced by the protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass is as follows:
[0061] (1) The SKALA module with a liquid protective film can be lifted up by vacuum suction cups. This is impossible for a solid preassembled protective film. As a result, for example, it is impossible to use a robot with a suction cup array to package the module into a box, or it can only be packaged from the back in the case of a laminated, prefabricated solid protective film; and the liquid film enables the module to be lifted from either side using the suction cup array.
[0062] (2) Before the liquid protective film is removed, it is almost impossible to accidentally tear off the protective film made from liquid polymer from the SKALA module thanks to the good shape fit between the glass surface and the polymer. In contrast, solid preassembled protective films do not exhibit such a strong adhesion and are more easily torn off by accident.
[0063] (3) As far as adhesive applied to the solid protective film is concerned, the liquid film does not contain any adhesive above the bulk material. This means that there will be no adhesive residue on the surface of the module after the film is removed, so the local color change of an interference layer will not occur.
[0064] (4) When it is applied to the SKALA module, proper weatherproof bonding can be achieved without applying the liquid film around the edge of the module. This means that there is no need to cut off the film at the edge of the module, and there will be no film residue left on the back of the module that may need to be removed.
[0065] With reference to the following description and accompanying drawings, specific embodiments of the present invention will be disclosed in detail, indicating the way by the principle of the present invention can be adopted. It should be understood that the scope of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited by this, and within the scope of the spirit and clauses of the appended claims, the embodiments of the present invention include many changes, modifications, and equivalents.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0066] FIG. 1 is an enlarged schematic diagram prior to the application of a solid protective foil on the highly rough surface of a SKALA PV module;
[0067] FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a state subsequent to the application of a solid protective foil on the highly rough surface of a SKALA PV module;
[0068] FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a state subsequent to the application of a liquid protective film on a highly rough glass surface of a SKALA PV module according to the present invention;
[0069] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram in a state where initial adhesion / tack of a solid protective film to the highly rough glass surface of a SKALA PV module is mostly too low (shown by mostly red and yellow dots) due to insufficient adhesive layer thickness, also when higher pressing forces and pressing times are applied; and
[0070] FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram in a state where initial adhesion / tack of a solid protective film to the highly rough glass surface of a SKALA PV module is sufficient (shown by green dots) in a range of pressing forces and pressing times, due to sufficient adhesive layer thickness of the solid protective film.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0071] In order to make the objective, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described specifically below in reference to accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0072] It should be noted that if an element is said to be "arranged on or provided with" another element, it may be directly on the another element or there may be an intermediate element; if an element is considered to be "connected to or with" another element, it may be directly connected to the another element or there may also be an intermediate element; "fixed connection" means fixed connection, and there are many fixed connection methods, which are not regarded as being in the protection scope of this article; and the terms "vertical" , "horizontal" , "left" and "right" and similar expressions used in this article are only for the purpose of illustration, and do not represent the only embodiment. The term “liquid protective film” refers to a film that has been deposited on a surface to be protected, thereby undergoing phase transition from an initial liquid phase to a solid phase.
[0073] Unless otherwise defined, all the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the present specification herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.
[0074] Referring to FIGs. 1 to 3 of the specification, the present invention provides a technical solution: a protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass, including:
[0075] (a) choosing a BIPV module with a surface that needs temporary protection;
[0076] (b) cleaning and drying the BIPV module;
[0077] (c) coating the BIPV module with a layer of preset solvent-free liquid;
[0078] (d) transforming the preset solvent-free liquid film into a solid protective film by a preset curing method.
[0079] The film-forming solvent-free fluid includes a liquid and a flowable polymer or a mixture of polymers and / or an additive, where:
[0080] by (a) polymerization or crosslinking, (b) gelation, (c) solidification from a melting stage or (d) mixing two or more solid phases and / or liquid phases (and air or a gas other than an additional gas phase) and making them undergo physical or chemical reaction, it is formed from a gelated solution and cured in the air or under the effect of other clearly applicable external factors, such as ultraviolet radiation, hot air, infrared radiation, cooling, water vapor or other reactive gases;
[0081] in the process of transition from the liquid state to the solid state, a continuous film tends to be formed; and
[0082] in the process of curing, the size only slightly changes (particularly lateral expansion) , so as to maintain the shape fit with the surface of a material to be protected, such as the surface of satinated glass.
[0083] Cohesion and tensile strength are generated in the process of curing, so that the complete film on the surface of the material to be protected can be removed as much as possible in the form of one or more pieces after the liquid mixture is cured. After curing, the material must adhere to an object to be protected in a specific window: tack is high enough, so that a liquid protective film will not get loose due to accidental movement or natural influence around an installation site before the protective film is intended to be removed from a substrate; since in ACT frontglass there are no undercuts, the protective film can be completely removed from the surface to be protected by loosening one or more corners. The liquid film must adapt to the surface properties of an object to be protected, e.g. the polarity of a material.
[0084] The curing behavior of the liquid material used must be in line with an application technique applied, and vice versa. According to chemical properties of liquid materials used, different liquid protective films may be formed. For example, a crosslinked polyurea film is much harder than liquid protective films listed below.
[0085] For example, materials which may be applied to the surface of solar modules as melts include:
[0086] low-viscosity polyolefin grades;
[0087] low-viscosity thermoplastic silicone without adhesion-promoting functionalization; and
[0088] low-viscosity thermoplastic polyurethane with low polarity functionalization.
[0089] For example, materials which may be applied to solar modules by forming firm protective films through chemical reactions (polymerization and crosslinking) of liquid starting materials include:
[0090] slowly polymerizing polyurea reaction mixtures, reduced in adhesion to glass by chemical methods; and
[0091] polyurethane reaction mixtures, reduced in adhesion to glass by chemical methods.
[0092] The various advantages of the liquid resist materials as protective polymers for SKALA front glass and the advantages of an application process are listed as examples, but completeness is not required.
[0093] Application is carried out through a UV (ultraviolet) surface treatment technique and other application options:
[0094] A preliminary market research shows that, for example, KIWO in Germany provides many products which are suitable for purposes described as removable protective films, e.g.:
[0095] UV160 / 2: blue, application: suitable for screen-printing, UV-curable, removable resist, with moderate adhesion to glass and high mechanical resistance (suitable for sandblasting) ;
[0096] UV161: colorless and translucent to transparent, application: suitable for screen-printing, UV-curable, removable resist, with moderate adhesion to glass and high mechanical resistance (suitable for sandblasting) ;
[0097] S110 / S111 Colourless: blue transparent or colorless translucent, application: suitable for screen printing or other liquid coating techniques, curable at elevated temperatures or room temperature, removable resist, with moderate adhesion to glass;
[0098] W128 / 1: colorless and translucent, application: suitable for screen-printing or various other liquid coating techniques, such as spray coating, curable at elevated temperatures or room temperature, removable resist, with moderate adhesion to glass.
[0099] Specifically,
[0100] For example, UV161 / 1 Red is a type of ultraviolet crosslinked "liquid protective film" suitable for surface treatment.
[0101] It is very suitable for partial or complete protection against scratches;
[0102] plastic surfaces, such as displays or operating components; and
[0103] processing steps, such as subsequent lamination, separation or stamping.
[0104] KIWOMASKUV161 / 1 Red water-resistant organic solution:
[0105] properties:
[0106] color: translucent red;
[0107] viscosity: 22.000 mPas;
[0108] mesh fineness of printing screen: 36-90 to 61-64;
[0109] UV curing: High-pressure mercury vapor lamps are used, and the required light energy is about 300 m / Jcm2;
[0110] dilution: Dilution is not recommended;
[0111] cleaning: commercial organic solvent cleaner used before UV curing.
[0112] The types of resists mentioned above do not represent all types of resists available in the market. These resists are applicable to existing process chains, and may be used as liquid protective films. In order to find a cheap type of resist, of course, a further market study is also recommended.
[0113] When applied on a glass module, the liquid protective film is stable in morphology and has no projections.
[0114] Specifically, an application technique usually requires that a liquid medium for application has a solid substrate.
[0115] Comparison between adhesion properties of Solid Protective Film and adhesion properties of Liquid Protective Film:
[0116] The tack and adhesion of adhesive protective films for AVANCIS PV modules on the surface of satinated glass will be evaluated below:
[0117] The following test method is intended for determining the bonding property and stickiness of polymer protective films with a satinated (matte) surface structure used on colored SKALA PV modules from Avancis GmbH.
[0118] (1) Avancis' protective film supplier provides it to verify whether a certain batch of films (jumbo roll) meets Avancis' special requirements as protective films for very rough glass surfaces. It is intended to be used as a quality test before cutting and / or delivery to Avancis.
[0119] (2) the Avancis quality department adopts the quick test method to verify the processability of each batch of protective films, as part of the supplier's incoming protective film inspection process and / or when corresponding film materials are provided by Avancis before use after a long time of storage.
[0120] Tested materials are as follows:
[0121] (1) two pieces of oblong glass, at least one (glass #2) of which has a polished (matte etched) surface (roughness value Rz: 10 μm to 20 μm) and at least one (glass #1) of which has an even surface (float glass surface) . The two pieces of glass should be equal in size. The size is 17 cm to 17.5 cm x 12 cm to 12.5 cm. The thickness of glass #2 (laminated glass) should be 5.3 mm to 5.5 mm, and its weight should be within a range of 265 g to 275 g. For use by protective film manufacturers, these glass samples will be provided by Avancis, usually in the form of a combined sample with a glossy (float glass) surface and a satinated (matte) surface.
[0122] (2) some fresh protective films to be tested, the size of which is about 17.5 cm x 32 cm to 37.5 cm.
[0123] (3) a personal scale capable of measuring a weight within a range of 10 kg to 50 kg (equivalent to a pressure of 100 N to 500 N) and having an even surface suitable for bearing samples during testing. As an alternative of using a scale to determine pressure, a set of compact weights with various weights (e.g. 10 kg, 20 kg and 50 kg) may be used to apply variable pressure instead of weight / force measurement by a scale.
[0124] The specific test method is as follows:
[0125] Step 1: A protective film (virgin surface, just unwound from a reel) is cut into a size of about 17.5 cm x 32 cm to 37.5 cm. It is important not to touch the central portion of the film which will be tested.
[0126] Step 2: The above-mentioned film is placed on the top of a piece of plain glass (glass #1) , so that the film is aligned with the sides of the glass which are 17 cm to 17.5 cm long. Two loose ends of the film with the same size should be located on both sides of the glass.
[0127] Step 3: The loose ends of the film are placed behind glass #1, with one end being stuck to the other end, so that the middle portion of the film can be tightened. Still the middle portion must not be touched. The film portion to be tested should be wrinkle-free and firmly fixed on the plane of glass #1.
[0128] Step 4: The polished glass sample (glass #2) is placed on the top of the personal scale. The bonding surface of the film is fixed on a polished (matte) glass sheet, and glass #1 wrapped with the film sample is lowered to the surface of glass #2.
[0129] Step 5: The film sample is brought into full contact with the polished surface of glass #2, and a certain downward force is immediately applied with part of the weights. The force is kept as constantly as possible when pressure is applied. The contact time under pressure and the applied force (weight) are measured. The contact time should be between 1 and 10 seconds. The applied force may be within a range of 50 N to 500 N, which is approximately equal to a pressure of 5 kg to 50 kg as measured by weight, and depending on an anticipated force / time combination, this combination is enough to make glass #2 adhere.
[0130] Step 6: After the contact time is measured under constant pressure, pressing is stopped, and the tested object is left to rest without force for 10 seconds. Glass #1 with the protective film sample is then carefully lifted. If glass #2 sticks to protective film adhesive for more than 10 seconds, then a test result is obviously positive. If glass #2 falls in less than 5 seconds, then the test result is obviously negative.
[0131] The test should be repeated multiple times with different contact force and time pairs. A long contact time usually allows a low contact pressure to achieve an obvious positive bonding result, while a high pressure allows a short pressing time. Repetition also eliminates random uncertainty.
[0132] A test result matrix may be drawn according to the following example: green dots: glass #2 comes off after 10 seconds or more; yellow spots: glass #2 comes off after 5 to 10 seconds; red dots: glass #2 comes off after 5 to 10 seconds.
[0133] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram in a state where initial adhesion / tack is low, and FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram in a state where initial adhesion / tack is sufficient.
[0134] FIGs. 4 and 5 list typical pairs of obviously positive and obviously negative tack test results within the above-mentioned pressure and time ranges. If an obviously positive tack test cannot be established within the above-mentioned force / time matrix, then the corresponding batch of protective films is too low in tack to be used in this application. On the other hand, if there is no obviously negative adhesion test result under any pressure / time combination, then an appropriate cohesion test should be conducted to prove that the protective film adhesive will not be (partially) delaminated in any way.
[0135] The achievable tack and adhesion of a solid protective film largely depend on various factors in the process of lamination:
[0136] type;
[0137] dust particles which may exist on an object to be covered;
[0138] pressure during lamination;
[0139] pressure which may exist after lamination (coating) ;
[0140] temperature during lamination (coating) or after coating (lamination) ;
[0141] a degree of ventilation during lamination which, of course, may also be the diffusion of air through the film after lamination. These parameters should not be checked in detail herein. However, it can be seen that many parameters mentioned herein have more or less direct influence on a degree of shape closure of the surface to be laminated and the protective film. It can be assumed that the higher the tack of the laminated film to the structural glass, the less residual air trapped in the form of bubbles in the structural inhomogeneity between the structural glass and the film. The application of a liquid resist and the subsequent curing of a polymer in a manner matching the structural glass fully prevent this problem: as long as the front glass surface is wettable to the liquid resist and the liquid resist itself does not have too high viscosity, all air inclusions will be discharged out of recesses in the glass surface regardless of environmental pressure. Therefore, the subsequent connection between the protective film and the substrate (i.e. the front glass surface) largely has nothing to do with the application parameters, and shape fit always reaches a maximum value. However, since it is expected that no undercuts will occur on an etched glass surface, the connection between glass and resist will always remain separable even though the interface may be interlocked by a certain roughness, as long as the liquid polymer does not form a chemical bond with the glass or ACT surface.
[0142] In order to achieve a good removability of a protective film formed by the liquid resist, it is basically only required to ensure that the cohesion of the protective film must be greater than tack to the protected front glass. This is achieved by an appropriate resist layer thickness and the selection of an appropriate resist type.
[0143] Comparison between Appearance of Solid Protective Film and Appearance of Liquid Protective Film:
[0144] Due to different gaps under an adhesive layer of a solid protective film, film areas on the front of a SKALA module with different pressures appear with different brightness levels: fewer and fewer air inclusions ensure that air / polymer and air / front glass areas at a reflection interface are smaller at high pressure points, and these places look darker. After the protective film is applied, the inconsistency of such pressure dependence of a laminated image is the most obvious and the laminated image will be reset to a certain degree, but after the first manual attempt, the brightness difference remains behind. Of course, this effect has a greater impact on transparent and translucent films than on opaque films.
[0145] For the liquid protective film, there is no residual air on the interface between the protective polymer and the front glass, so the appearance itself is uniform. Even if a gas related to the material appears in the liquid protective film, it may be used to produce a foam protective film with better shock-absorbing property, and an expected uniform appearance can still be achieved.
[0146] Comparison between Contamination Resistance of Solid Protective Film and Contamination Resistance of Liquid Protective Film:
[0147] Dust particles which may cause problems during the application of the solid protective film are embedded through the liquid protective film, and can be removed in a simple way when the cured polymer is removed. On the contrary, dust particles under the solid protective film will cause errors (bubbles) in an application image and reduce the tack between the protective film and front glass.
[0148] The solid protective film and the liquid protective film must be used to prevent grease contamination on the front glass to be protected; and they will not be removed from the glass by the resist, but stick to the glass. However, if the resist is applied to the front glass prior to PV module lamination, the surface of the front glass can be prevented from coming into contact with possible grease, oil or resin contamination sources of the production line from the beginning.
[0149] Opportunities and Risks of Adjustable Properties of Liquid Protective Film:
[0150] Different from the solid protective film, the solid protective film is made of a predetermined film-based polymer with uniform thickness and an adhesive layer with the same thickness, where the adhesive layer is laminated on the front glass for protection. In contrast, the resist thickness of a liquid protective film on the substrate, i.e. the dosage, and the curing of the liquid resist depend on the parameter guidance of the system used. This also means that there may be error sources here. In order to realize uniform and even resist application, ideally, a printing screen should be properly selected according to the optimal thread thickness and mesh size; moreover, a sufficient UV dose should be used for complete curing.
[0151] Liquid resists can provide relatively simple coloring, so conventional liquid resists are mostly opaque or transparent, and coloration of liquid protective films can be achieved by adding appropriate color additives or resist preparations containing color additives, without any major changes in the basic composition of the resist.
[0152] The specifications and official standards of protective film materials are very important. If a solid protective film prefabricated by extrusion and subsequent coating with the adhesive is used, already the extrusion process must be adapted to the required color of the protective film, which means a significant process change in the film extrusion process. Therefore, generally speaking, when a batch of solid protection film with a special coloration or additivation is ordered from a film supplier, a minimum order quantity of several tons is very likely. If a special additivation and / or coloration of a film is reqired, this will generate a new type, requiring a data set for its specification. Since the extruded polymer film is the substrate for the subsequent adhesive coating process, the quality of the film must be specified, and quality control requires a number of tests for the substrate film even before the adhesive coating is applied. However, when a liquid resist is used, only a very small amount of several kilograms of resist may be used, so that the consistency and perfect availability of products can be economically much more viable than in case of solid protective films, and the quality of a liquid protective film with coloration and / or special additivation can be easily verified by quality testing. Additives that do not basically change the function of the liquid protective film of the whole product, i.e. the protection of the substrate and the removability of the film which is mainly defined by the factors cohesion of the film and adhesion to the substrate, may it is possible to avoid the re-certification of the protective film. The production process of a solid protective film has several intermediate products, such as the polymer film before adhesive coating, and the adhesive which later must be distributed on the polymer film, which all require intermediate quality control processes. In contrast to the multi-stage production of a solid protective film, the deposition of a liquid protective film directly on a solid substrate, such as a BIPV module, has only one major stage and does not require quality control plans for intermediate stages.
[0153] Further Application of Liquid Protective Film:
[0154] In addition to a practical application as a pure protective film in preventing mechanical and chemical external influences during the construction and assembly of a photovoltaic made of SKALA modules, the application of the screen-printing technique with liquid resists opens up further possibilities for the design of SKALA modules. For example, a PV-module can be decorated by screen-printing or other printing techniques with liquid resists. A further coating step, e.g. a vacuum coating as it is usually implemented for the application of ACT layers, can then be used to coat the complete frontglass but leaved the additional vacuum coating only in the recessed areas. Removal of the resist from the printed areas of the front glass reveals the areas that were not covered by the resist, which are coated with a second layer of color coating, in contrast to the resist-covered areas which only bear a single color coating layer. This allows the production of a series of photovoltaic modules with an identical decoration, using the same printing screen for a series of front glasses. In this application variant, the decoration of recessed areas has a double layers of coating, and its final color must be determined by a preliminary test.
[0155] On the other hand, the ACT thin films can also be removed from the same recess by an appropriate layer removal measure (e.g. sandblasting) ; this has been done in a sandblasting test as part of an internal product test of colored SKALA modules in the prior art. Such coating-removed areas appear black, substantially corresponding to the color of SKALA Anthracite G001. After the structured protective film formed by the resist is removed, a photovoltaic module with an initial set color of black decoration will be produced. In addition, uncoated areas may be recoated with a defined color through a further coating step using a defined ACT layer, and the defined ACT layer may be different from the original color of the ACT layer under the resist in terms of layer thickness and color according to requirement.
[0156] For post-sputtering coating mentioned here, the type of resist used should have corrosion resistance and general applicability to the sputtering process in addition to sandblasting resistance.
[0157] The surface of ACT front glass has a microstructure with peaks and valleys, the latter of which cannot be filled completely by the highly viscous adhesive of a solid protective film. This results in the inclusion of air bubbles between glass and adhesive. Depending on the ability of the adhesive to fill the microscopic cavities under the pressure applied during film lamination to the substrate, the duration of the pressure and other lamination parameters, the density of bubbles will vary. In the case that a transparent or tranclucent solid protective film is applied, the varying density of air inclusions results in a variation of the visual appearance, because the regions with more included air bubbles reflect more light. To avoid such variations in optical appearance, a high degree of experience in handling the protection film application system will be needed, which most likely is not available in the first months of operation of the machine, resulting in potential low quality of the applied protective film.
[0158] In addition, macroscopic air inclusions may appear on the glass in the form of bubbles and wrinkles when the film is applied. On the one hand, this is a visual defect in the appearance of the protected module. On the other hand, experience indicates that the adhesive directly at the boundary of the bubbles bonds more strongly to the substrate, resulting on the transfer of very thin layers (in the range of nanometers or micrometers) from the protective film to the substrate surface, especially after long light exposure. Since the surface of SKALA modules and ACT glass itself is often coated with thin layers in order to achieve optical interference color effects, and any additional thin layers change the interference pattern, the color uniformity of SKALA modules may be disturbed by the transferred amounts of adhesive.
[0159] Only after the ACT covered glass is laminated and the front of SKALA module is ultimately finished, the solid protective film can be applied to the front surface of the PV module.
[0160] The reason is as follows:
[0161] The adhesive of the protective film is usually not suitable for temperatures of up to 160℃, which is a normal temperature in a laminator during the lamination process for the encapsulation of photovoltaic cells between front glass and back glass. Due to thermochemical degradation, the adhesive strength of the adhesive will change: in the worst case, the adhesive polymer may be closely interlocked with the rough surface of the ACT front glass, and the adhesive may be solidified; or it may lose adhesive strength or at least lose long-term stability. At present, the actual performance of the adhesive at a temperature far exceeding a specified temperature range is still not known.
[0162] Similarly, the film polymer (usually a polyolefin) will undergo considerable thermal shrinkage and become viscoplastic above 100℃ to 120℃; and in extreme cases, the film melts at a temperature in the laminating machine. Substitute film materials, such as BO-PET, may be helpful in this respect, but have poor application properties, such as a high elasticity modulus, which makes it difficult to apply without wrinkles.
[0163] In addition, when a rigid plane (i.e. the front of a module) is laminated, the film of each side usually protrudes by 5 mm to 10 mm, so as to strike a balance between a lateral tolerance occurring during lamination and a longitudinal tolerance (if necessary) and always ensure the complete coverage of the frontside of the PV module. This has a serious disadvantage, that is, a loose protruding end of the protective film may stick to a packaging part, for example, when the module is automatically or manually packaged in a box by using polystyrene and cardboard brackets commonly used at present. In this case, the PV module corner related to the loose protruding end of the protection film is not longer protected in a delivery state, and will become a point where the protective film can be easily torn off from the PV module, making the exposed area of the module more vulnerable to contamination.
[0164] The key points mentioned herein may lead to defects in the protection function of protective films, defects in the optical appearance of film-protected photovoltaic modules, technical difficulties in the application of protective films or an increase in the rejection rate in film-protected SKALA modules, and these key points will compete with the present invention introduced herein. In addition, the present invention lays emphasis on the use of existing or upcoming equipment, and uses it to implement a fully functional, beautiful, durable, parameter-adjustable and available solution, e.g. protective material thickness, hardness and triggered behavior, so as to protect SKALA modules without requiring the major modification of the backend of Fab2.
[0165] Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, when satinated glass is wrapped by a prefabricated solid protective film, air cavities filled up with air are formed, and the cavities are avoided by a liquid protective film. FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 below are enlarged views.
[0166] FIG. 1 shows conditions before the application of the solid protective film;
[0167] specifically, in FIG. 1, the arrows indicate compressive force in the process of lamination;
[0168] FIG. 2 shows a state after coating;
[0169] specifically, in FIG. 2, the arrows indicate the cavities of enclosed air;
[0170] in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the polyethylene film, the adhesive and the satinated glass are sequentially arranged from top down;
[0171] FIG. 3 shows a state subsequent to the application of the liquid protective film on the smooth glass surface; and
[0172] specifically, the liquid protective film and the satinated glass are sequentially arranged from top down.
[0173] What is described above is merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacement, improvements and the like which are made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1.A protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass, comprising(a) choosing a BIPV module with a surface that needs temporary protection;(b) cleaning and drying the BIPV module;(c) coating the BIPV module with a layer of preset solvent-free liquid;(d) transforming the preset solvent-free liquid film into a solid protective film by a preset curing method.2.The protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass according to claim 1, whereinin the process of transition of the preset solvent-free liquid from the liquid film to the solid protective film, a continuous solid protective film is formed.3.The protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass according to claim 1 or 2, whereinthe preset curing method comprises:(a) polymerization or crosslinking of the preset solvent-free liquid polymer under the influence of air or other external factors to obtain a solid polymer film;(b) gelation of the solvent-free liquid polymer by increasing the viscosity to obtain the solid protective film;(c) solidifying the solvent-free liquid polymer from a melting stage to obtain the solid protective film.4.The protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the preset curing method comprises:(a) polymerization or crosslinking of the preset solvent-free liquid under the influence of air or other external factors to obtain a crosslinked solvent-free liquid;(b) gelation of the solvent-free liquid;(c) mixing two or more solid phases and / or liquid phases and making them undergo physical or chemical reaction to transform the gelated solvent-free liquid from a liquid film into a solid protective film.5.The protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass according to claim 3, wherein the preset solvent-free liquid adopts a low-viscosity polyolefin grade.6.The protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass according to claim 3, wherein the preset solvent-free liquid adopts a low-viscosity thermoplastic silicone.7.The protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass according to claim 3, wherein the preset solvent-free liquid adopts a low-viscosity thermoplastic polyurethane with low polarity functionalization.8.The protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass according to claim 4, wherein the preset solvent-free liquid adopts a slowly crosslinked polyurea reaction mixture.9.The protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass according to claim 4, wherein the preset solvent-free liquid adopts a polyurethane reaction mixture.10.A BIPV module protection board produced by the protection process for SKALA modules or ACT front glass according to any of claims 5 to 9, comprising a glass layer and a liquid protective film, wherein the glass layer has a predetermined shape, thickness and width, the glass layer has an uneven surface, and the whole liquid protective film is attached to the surface of the glass layer, and the liquid protective film is transformed from liquid to solid by a preset curing method.
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