MÉTODO E SISTEMA PARA SUPERVISÃO E MONITORAMENTO DOS BARRAMENTOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO DE UMA SUBESTAÇÃO DIGITAL, MÉTODO PARA TREINAR UMA REDE NEURAL PARA DETERMINAR UM ESTADO DE SUBESTAÇÃO DE UMA SUBESTAÇÃO DIGITAL, EQUIPAMENTO E MEMÓRIA LIDA POR COMPUTADOR CORRESPONDENTE

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and system for supervising and monitoring the communication buses of a digital substation. In addition, the present invention relates to a piece of equipment for monitoring the communication bus of a digital substation and a method for training a neural network to monitor and diagnose the communication bus of a digital substation, as well as to computer-readable memories containing a set of instructions which, when executed, implement the method for supervising and monitoring the communication buses of a digital substation.

Description

1 / 60 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SUPERVISION AND MONITORING OF COMMUNICATION BUSES OF A DIGITAL SUBSTATION, METHOD FOR TRAINING A NEURAL NETWORK TO DETERMINE THE SUBSTATION STATE OF A DIGITAL SUBSTATION, EQUIPMENT AND Memory read by corresponding computer Field of application

[001] The present invention pertains to the field of circuit arrangements and systems for the supply or distribution of electrical energy, more specifically to the supervision of devices, systems and methods for monitoring electrical substations for the transformation of electrical current and electrical potential. Finally, the present invention also relates to the field of computer-implemented arrangements based on machine learning. Introduction

[002] The present invention relates to a method and a system for fully digital supervision and monitoring of the communication buses of a digital substation, by means of the implementation of a digital system and method for monitoring all devices and equipment of the substation, including the process-level communication buses (between yard components and intermediate components (at the “Bay” level)) and the station-level communication buses (between intermediate components and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems). The input messages and / or information obtained from the substation components, at predetermined intervals of reading and / or measurement controlled and commanded by a processing unit and / or resulting from continuous readings and / or measurements controlled and commanded by a processing unit, in Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 96 / 171 2 / 60 together with the messages and / or input information from the sender, the communication connection and the receiver, are compared to expected predetermined values ​​comprised in at least one file comprising the substation configuration description language (for example, an SCL file which will be described later) and / or at least one file comprising the substation configuration description (for example, an SCD and / or ICD and / or CID and / or SSD and / or IID and / or SED file, which will be described later), and / or other similar files comprising one or more configurations of the substation and its components), these files being made available by the client and / or the operator and / or user and / or maintainer of the substation and / or being part of a specific SCL file for the substation monitored by the system and method of the invention.This comparison determines the condition of the substation, and any message and / or information that is different and / or replaced by another and / or altered and / or adulterated and / or altered in its sequence and / or additional (read here as "extra" information or information beyond what is expected) from one or more communication protocols and / or from each of the components and the substation as a whole, results in output data and instructions for the substation's SCADA system in the form of a warning and / or triggering of one or more alarms in case of deviations or critical results. This comparison is performed by at least one processing unit of the invention's system comprising at least one computer-readable memory that stores at least one SCL file of the substation and computer-executable instructions capable of executing a method according to the invention.

[003] Optionally and additionally, the comparison between the messages and / or information read from the SE elements and the information from Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 97 / 171 3 / 60 SCD file is performed by a machine learning model represented by a neural network trained to provide one or more output instructions in response to one or more input messages and / or information, in particular, to diagnose and generate at least one output instruction to the substation maintainer in the form of a suggested procedure for maintaining the operation and / or correcting the parameters of one or more components of the substation or the substation as a whole.

[004] The present invention, therefore, also relates to a method for training a neural network to diagnose the condition of substation components and the substation as a whole, wherein the neural network is trained with a set of expected or ideal predetermined data, in the most varied possible operating situations of the substation, so that this neural network is able to, from an input message and / or information, for example, but without limiting the invention, a certain voltage and current value of an IED and / or one or more deviations from the expected communication protocol data, identify any deviations from the expected or ideal predetermined values ​​contained in the SCD file, determine an anomaly condition and suggest correction procedures and, eventually, perform the correction by means of remote intervention in one or more system components, trigger alerts and / or alarms, etc.Thus, the invention's method and system are capable of detecting problems early, performing preventive maintenance, and taking corrective measures in real time, an essential condition for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the electrical infrastructure.

[005] The invention also relates to equipment for performing the method for fully digital supervision and monitoring of Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 98 / 171 4 / 60 communication buses of a digital substation and the corresponding computer-readable memories. Fundamentals of the invention

[006] The electrical substations of the nature dealt with here are, preferably, but without limitation to the invention, power generation, distribution, generation, transmission, storage, industrial and mobile substations and SKIDs of all types.

[007] Although several factors can be considered critical, it is important to highlight the importance of Protection, Control and Supervision Systems (PCSS), which are being improved every day, undergoing a revolution especially in terms of data acquisition and availability techniques, in a constant search for optimization and, in particular, for an increasingly digital solution to also digitize the corresponding substations.

[008] These improvements, which include monitoring substation communication buses and which should ensure that protections receive analog and digital field information correctly in order to operate satisfactorily, while the monitoring system should be independent of the components that publish and sign messages on the communication buses, i.e., dependent only on data acquisition units (Merging Units or MU) for digitizing analog signals from current transformers (CTs), potential transformers (PTs) and binary signals from yard equipment, have been challenging technicians and engineers worldwide for several years. State of the art Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 99 / 171 5 / 60

[009] Due to the demands discussed so far, some substation manufacturers and integrators have begun developing systems that seek the aforementioned improvements, and it is possible to identify basically two types of solutions on the market, which we will call here type A and type B solutions.

[010] In type A solutions, known from the state of the art and also discussed, for example, at the “Digital Substation Workshop: Challenges and Perspectives”, organized by the Protection and Automation Study Committee (CE B5) of CIGRÉ-Brazil on August 9 and 10, 2023 in the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (available at https: / / ceb5.cigre.org.br), and represented in Figure 1 of the attached drawings, some manufacturers believe that by monitoring only the information provided by the MU and intelligent electronic devices (IEDs, such as protection and control relays) – this information is defined in the IEC-61850 standard – the busbar is secure. The problem is that, in the type A solution, a separate, independent monitoring system is not provided; that is, this solution uses the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems of the substation.Furthermore, the monitoring provided by a type A solution is not capable of identifying the real reason for a failure; it only indicates that it is not receiving the information. Type A monitoring is also done manually by the operator, which leaves room for monitoring errors and the failure to detect a fault.

[011] In type B solutions, known from the state of the art and also discussed, for example, in the Workshop Digital Substation: Challenges and Perspectives”, organized by the Protection and Automation Study Committee (CE B5) of CIGRÉ-Brazil on August 9 and 10, 2023 in the city of Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 100 / 171 6 / 60 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (available at https: / / ceb5.cigre.org.br), and represented in Figure 2 of the attached drawings, some manufacturers address the issue of monitoring independence, monitoring only what is being published on the process bus, verifying various information. However, even though this solution provides a separate, independent system interconnecting the process and station buses, the system still does not communicate with the substation's SCADA supervisory system; that is, monitoring is based only on information published by the MU and IED. Furthermore, solution type B, in addition to repeating some of the problems of solution type A, does not utilize the operator / client's infrastructure for alerts, which implies additional costs for implementing new policies for event analysis, such as the costs arising from the unnecessary mobilization of trained personnel to service the substation locally.It also prevents the same alarms from being transmitted to the operator / client's operations center as well as to the national electrical system operator, should there be, for example, a requirement to receive reports from the digital system. Failure to communicate with the SCADA system hinders automation, since the connection to the SCADA system eliminates the need for intervention or analysis at the substation installation site.

[012] There are other known state-of-the-art solutions that relate to the monitoring of substation busbars, such as, for example, patent document CN111917187 entitled “INTELLIGENT SUBSTATION CLOUD MONITORED CONTROL SYSTEM”, which discloses an intelligent substation cloud monitoring system comprising a plurality of remote field exchange terminals. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 101 / 171 7 / 60 devices are located in a target area of ​​the aforementioned smart substation. Furthermore, the descriptive report in this document describes how the network platform communicates via a network protocol integrating MMS and GOOSE, and how the functions of collecting information from the entire station, preventing improper locking operations, and similar functions are implemented. In particular, the document refers to the use of certain files, i.e., SCL, SCD, as well as other elements such as IEDs, GOOSE messages, and SVs. Specifically, the monitoring of the substation system in this document occurs physically (wirelessly) separately from the rest of the topology through a remote cloud monitoring center.

[013] Although document CN111917187 refers to a system for controlling and automating an electrical power distribution system, it does not refer to monitoring the communication bus of a digital substation on an independent computational monitoring platform with the possible use of artificial intelligence to report causes of problems related to the substation equipment. In addition, there are apparent additional disadvantages regarding the verification of message integrity.

[014] The CN111917187 system acquires information from the smart substation and uses it for its primary equipment control functions (circuit breakers, switches, transformers, etc.). In case of missing information or information different from what is expected when compared with the SCL file, the system does not report that there is anything different. What can happen is that the system does not execute the commands on the primary equipment. That is, the CN111917187 system uses the information to control the smart substation, but does not monitor what Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 102 / 171 8 / 60 is occurring on the substation communication buses to diagnose errors in GOOSE, Sampled Values, and MMS communication, for example.

[015] It should be noted that none of the relevant state-of-the-art solutions comprise a computing platform independent of the other substation hardware, guaranteeing complete independence and that, in addition, the known solutions do not acquire the information that each MU and IED makes available, therefore not characterizing a complete monitoring system, since simply monitoring the network does not guarantee that the IED and / or MU will function satisfactorily and vice versa, since these elements may be indicating that everything is correct, when in fact some error may occur in the network, such as, for example, in the case of failure of one or more redundant channels, downtime, incorrect configuration, incorrect distribution of information, unknown message, etc., in addition to cases of cybersecurity incidents.

[016] As can be inferred from the previous descriptions, there is room for a method and a system for supervision and monitoring of the communication buses of a digital substation, equipment, a method for training a neural network for monitoring and diagnosing the bus of a digital substation, and corresponding computer-readable memories, capable of surpassing the state of the art, providing monitoring of the process bus, the station bus, and a monitoring system acquiring signals from the bus based on both the information from the MU and IED, as well as the information published by the MU and IED. Additionally, it can also monitor the elements that make up the network, such as switches and GNSS, but is not limited to these. Objectives of the invention Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 103 / 171 9 / 60

[017] One of the objectives of the present invention is, therefore, a method for supervision and monitoring of the communication buses of a digital substation, according to the characteristics of claim 1 of the attached claims.

[018] Another objective of the present invention is a system for supervision and monitoring of the communication bus and a digital substation, according to the characteristics of claim 11 of the attached claims.

[019] Another objective of the present invention is a system for supervision and monitoring of the communication bus and a digital substation, according to the characteristics of claim 14 of the attached claims.

[020] Another objective of the present invention is a method for training a neural network to determine a substation state of a digital substation, according to the characteristics of claim 17 of the attached claims.

[021] Yet another objective of the present invention is equipment for monitoring the communication bus of a digital substation, according to the characteristics of claim 18 of the attached claims.

[022] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable memory, according to the characteristics of claim 19 of the attached claims.

[023] Other features and details of the features are represented by the dependent claims. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 104 / 171 10 / 60 Brief description of the figures

[024] For a better understanding and visualization of the object of the present invention, it will now be described with reference to the attached figures, representing the technical effect obtained through exemplary embodiments that are not limiting to the scope of the present invention, in which, schematically: Figure 1: presents a schematic view of a busbar in a state-of-the-art substation, controlled by a known type A solution; Figure 2: presents a schematic view of a busbar in a state-of-the-art substation, controlled by a known type B solution; Figure 3: presents a schematic view of a substation busbar to which a method and system according to the invention will be applied; and Figure 4: presents a schematic view of a substation busbar supervised and monitored by the method and system according to the invention. Detailed description of the invention

[025] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings in which embodiments of the present invention are represented, by way of non-limiting illustration. These embodiments are described in such a way as to enable a person skilled in the art to reproduce their results. Other embodiments resulting from structural changes, Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 105 / 171 11 / 60 Mechanical, logical, electrical and electronic variations are possible and can be implemented without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The detailed description that follows should therefore not be understood in a restrictive or limiting manner.

[026] The present invention relates basically to a method and a system for supervision and monitoring of the communication buses of a digital substation. In addition, the present invention relates to equipment for monitoring the communication bus of a digital substation and to a method for training a neural network for monitoring and diagnosing the communication bus of a digital substation and also to computer-readable memories containing a set of instructions which, when executed, perform the method for supervision and monitoring of the communication buses of a digital substation.

[027] In the context of the present invention, the term “substation” refers to any and all electrical power substations for the transformation of electrical current and / or electrical potential, whether or not forming part of an electrical power distribution system, according to the known definitions of the prior art. The term “digital substation” (DS) refers to a digital substation according to the invention.

[028] In the context of the present invention, the term “current transformer” (CT) refers to any and all electromagnetic devices known in the prior art that transform a high-value electric current into a low-value current and vice versa, maintaining the same phase relationship between the primary and secondary currents, performing tasks known in the prior art such as, for example, but not limited to Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 106 / 171 12 / 60 invention, current measurement, circuit protection, isolation between high voltage circuit and low voltage circuit etc.

[029] In the context of the present invention, the term “potential transformer” (PT) refers to any and all electromagnetic devices known in the prior art that transform a high-value electrical voltage into a low-value voltage and vice versa, maintaining the same phase relationship between the primary and secondary voltages, performing tasks known in the prior art such as, for example, but without limiting the invention, current measurement, circuit protection, isolation between high-voltage circuits and low-voltage circuits, etc.

[030] In the context of the present invention, the term “SKID” refers to any and all known prior art chassis-shaped structures on which a power substation is disposed.

[031] In the context of the present invention, the term “IED” (abbreviation of the English term Intelligent Electronic Devices) refers to any and all devices known in the prior art comprising an integrated microprocessor-based controller of power system equipment, such as, but not limited to, circuit breakers, transformers, capacitor banks, as well as protection and control relays and the like.

[032] In the context of the present invention, the term “MU” (abbreviation for Merging Units) refers to any and all data acquisition units for digitizing analog signals from CTs and PTs and binary signals from substation yard equipment, also known in the prior art, consisting basically of an electrical circuit that receives analog voltage and current values, an analog-to-digital converter that performs signal sampling and a Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 107 / 171 13 / 60 processor that standardizes the digital signal to work in accordance with standards such as, but not limited to, the IEC 61850 standard. The internal processing uses distinct blocks, which causes a delay in the signal. To correct this delay, an external time synchronizer (GNSS or similar) must be used.

[033] In the context of the present invention, the term GOOSE (abbreviation for Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) refers to generic substation events (which is a control model defined in accordance with standards such as, for example, but without limiting the invention, the IEC 61850-8-1 standard), being a protocol that functions with a fast and reliable mechanism for transferring event data in entire electrical substation networks, comprising, but without limiting the invention, binary messages for supervision, alarms and commands, made available in message format for transmission over Ethernet networks.

[034] In the context of the present invention, the term SV (abbreviation of the English term Sampled Values) refers to message protocols responsible for transmitting instantaneous values ​​of the primary voltage and current quantities of the power substation system, including, but not limited to, sampled analog values ​​made available in message format for transmission over Ethernet networks, as defined, for example, but not limited to, the invention, in the IEC-61850-9, IEC-61950-9-2LE and IEC-61869-9 standards.

[035] In the context of the present invention, the term MMS (abbreviation for Manufacturing Message Specification) refers to an international standard protocol, defined in a standard, for example, but without limiting the invention, in the IEC61850 standard which deals with messaging systems for data transfer. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 108 / 171 14 / 60 real-time process and supervisory control information between networked devices or computer applications, including, but not limited to, client / server type communication between IED and SCADA.

[036] In the context of the present invention, the term "LLDP" (abbreviation for Link Layer Discovery Protocol) refers to a widely used protocol for discovering information about devices on a local area network. In power stations, LLDP can be used to discover and manage information about devices connected to the network, such as switches, routers, servers, and other network equipment.

[037] In the context of the present invention, the term "PCAP" (abbreviation of the English term Packet Capture) (Packet Capture) is a file containing network packet capture data. It may contain detailed information about network traffic, including alarm packets, if they are captured during network monitoring or analysis.

[038] In the context of the present invention, the term “latency” refers to the delay or time it takes for a data packet to travel from one point to another on the network or within the system. In the context of the kernel, low latency is especially crucial to ensure that data operations and transmissions occur as quickly as possible without significant delays.

[039] In the context of the present invention, the term "kernel" refers to the central core of an operating system, which is essential for the functioning of a computer or processing unit, being responsible for managing system resources and providing an interface between hardware and software, that is, it is a program that has total control over the system. The kernel is, therefore, the lowest layer of the operating system and operates in privileged mode, which means that it has access Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 109 / 171 15 / 60 direct and full control over hardware resources. It functions as a kind of supervisor, ensuring that different parts of the operating system and software perform their tasks in an organized and protected manner.

[040] In the context of the present invention, the term “alarm packet stream” refers to the continuous transmission of data packets related to a specific alarm or event on a communication network. In monitoring, automation, or security systems, devices frequently send data packets to report alarm conditions, such as a system failure, a critical event, or an abnormal condition. An alarm packet stream describes the continuous flow of information encapsulated in data packets that are transmitted over the network in order to communicate and record relevant events. This may include information about the alarm type, location, severity, time of occurrence, and other associated data, and is therefore crucial for the rapid detection and response to critical situations, ensuring the safety and efficient operation of systems in a variety of contexts, including the energy and automation industries.

[041] In the context of the present invention, the term “SCADA” (abbreviation of the English term Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems), also called SCADA supervisory system, refers to systems that use software to monitor and supervise the variables and devices of industrial and non-industrial processes and equipment connected through specific communication servers / drivers.

[042] In the context of the present invention, the term “Ethernet Network” refers to any and all wired computer networking technology. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 110 / 171 16 / 60 is commonly used in local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and wide area networks.

[043] In the context of the present invention, the term PTP (abbreviation for the English term Precision Time Protocol) refers to any and all protocols used to synchronize the system time across multiple systems on a LAN to a common main clock on the LAN, especially important in latency-sensitive environments, such as in the case of a digital substation of the invention, being a high-precision time synchronization signal made available via an Ethernet network, defined in standards such as, for example, but without limiting to the invention, the IEEE1588v2 standard.

[044] In the context of the present invention, the term GNSS (abbreviation for Global Navigation Satellite System) refers to any and all equipment known in the prior art that uses a constellation of satellites orbiting the earth to provide positioning, time and navigation information to users anywhere on the planet. In power substations, GNSS is used for various purposes, mainly for time synchronization and precise positioning, crucial information for the coordinated and efficient operation of electrical networks, ensuring that devices and equipment are operating within the same time interval, which is essential for the reliable transmission and distribution of energy.

[045] In the context of the present invention, the term Switches refers, in a broader sense, to any and all switching devices used to connect and disconnect electrical circuits, such as, for example, but without limitation to the invention, load switches, protection switches, maintenance switches, etc. and, Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 111 / 171 17 / 60, in a more restricted sense, refers to any and all devices that connect all equipment on an Ethernet network.

[046] In the context of the present invention, the term SNMP (abbreviation for Simple Network Management Protocol) refers, in a broader sense, to any and all standard internet protocols for managing devices on IP networks, including, but not limited to, routers, computers, servers, workstations, printers, racks, etc., and, in a more restricted sense, to any and all protocols used to report what is happening on network assets, in this case GNSS and switches.

[047] In the context of the present invention, the term SCL (abbreviation for Substation Configuration Description Language) refers to the language and representation format specified in standards such as, but not limited to, the IEC 61850 standard for configuring electrical devices in substations. Substation configuration language (SCL) is a standardized language used to describe and configure the components and systems within an electrical power substation, allowing different protection, control, and monitoring devices to be configured and interoperable, facilitating integration and communication between them.The SCL specifies a hierarchy among configuration files by defining four groups: System Specification Description File (SSD), IED Capabilities Description File (ICD), Substation Configuration Description File (SCD), IED Configuration Description File (CID), Instantiated IED Description File (IID), and System Exchange Description File (SED). Files of type ICD, CID, SSD, SCD, IID, and SED, among others, are related to the SCL. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 112 / 171 18 / 60 and are generally part of standards, such as, but not limited to, the IEC 61850 standard, with the SCL file and its derivatives being essential to ensure the interoperability and proper functioning of devices within an electrical substation, facilitating the configuration, maintenance, and operation of the electrical system. SCL files can be created in various formats, such as UML (Unified Modeling Language), XML (Extensible Markup Language), IEC 61850 (a communication standard for substation automation), among other proprietary software formats used in the field of electrical engineering.

[048] In the context of the present invention, the term ICD (abbreviation of the English term IED Capability Description) refers to the configuration of an IED, with the definitions of logic devices, logic nodal points, reports, data sets, etc., the ICD file being generated by the IED configuration tool, provided by each manufacturer, defining the capabilities and functionalities of the Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) within the substation, detailing their measurement, control and protection capabilities.

[049] In the context of the present invention, the term “SSD” (abbreviation for System Specification Description) refers to the complete specification of a substation automation system including a single-line diagram of the substation and its functionalities, as well as describing the general specifications of the substation, including the topology, main equipment, communication requirements and any other information relevant to the substation design. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 113 / 171 19 / 60

[050] In the context of the present invention, the term SCD (abbreviation for Substation Configuration Description) refers to files that can be created in various formats, such as XML (Extensible Markup Language), IEC 61850 (a communication standard for substation automation), among other proprietary software formats used in the field of electrical engineering, comprising a complete description of the substation details, containing, for example, information on all existing IEDs in the substation, communication configuration data, and a complete description of the substation, including information on: - The substation topology containing details about the physical structure of the substation, such as the arrangement of equipment, layout of circuit breakers, transformers, relays, disconnect switches, busbars and other devices; - Equipment configuration, such as specific information about each component, including its technical characteristics, nominal capacities, manufacturing data, and electrical connections; - Diagrams and schematics such as drawings and diagrams that illustrate the layout of equipment and the interconnection between them, which may include single-line, three-line, logic diagrams and other schematics that represent the electrical configuration of the substation; and - Control and protection information, such as details about the control, protection, automation, and monitoring systems used in the substation, including operating logic, Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 114 / 171 20 / 60 configuration of protection relays, SCADA systems and other control devices.

[051] In the context of the present invention, the term “CID” (abbreviation for Configured IED Description) refers to a protocol used for communication between an IED configuration tool and an IED, containing specific information on how each individual IED is configured within the substation, including operating parameters, communication settings, protection settings, among others.

[052] In the context of the present invention, the term “IID” (abbreviation for Instantiated IED Description) refers to a file that defines the configuration of an IED for a project and is used as a data exchange format from the IED configurator to the system configurator.

[053] In the context of the present invention, the term “SED” (abbreviation for System Exchange Description) refers to a file that must be exchanged between system configurators of different projects.

[054] In the context of the present invention, the expression “substation condition” should be understood as the current real-time operating state of the substation and / or one or more components of the substation and / or the communication between two or more components of the substation and / or the communication between at least one of the substation components and the SCADA, which may include, but is not limited to, one or more normal operating conditions; and / or one or more abnormal operating conditions; and / or one or more critical event conditions. This comparison made by the processing unit results in output data and / or instructions in Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 115 / 171 21 / 60 form of warnings and / or alarms of deviation and / or inconsistency and, if a neural network is used additionally or optionally for monitoring and diagnosis, the output data and / or instructions will be generated in the form of warnings and / or alarms and also suggestions for procedures to maintain the operation and / or correct the parameters of one or more components of the substation or the substation as a whole.

[055] In the context of the present invention, a normal operating condition indicates that the values ​​read by the monitoring system in the form of messages and / or input information are all within an expected and ideal range of the predetermined parameters described in at least one SCL file of the SE, without any deviation or inconsistency having been detected.

[056] In the context of the present invention, an abnormal operating condition indicates that there has been at least one deviation and / or at least one inconsistency of one or more of the data read in relation to the expected and ideal ranges of the predetermined parameters described in at least one SCL file of the SE. An abnormal operating condition includes, for example, but without limiting the invention, deviations such as the absence of scheduled messages, abnormal intervals between scheduled messages, abnormal propagation time (latency) for scheduled messages with a fixed publication period, etc., and / or inconsistencies such as loss of message integrity, absence of synchronization signals, presence of unforeseen messages, etc. An abnormal operating condition may generate specific warnings and / or alarms warning of the deviations and / or inconsistencies and, in the case of the additional or optional use of a neural network for monitoring and diagnosis, alerts with maintenance suggestions and / or Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 116 / 171 22 / 60 component replacement, in addition to counting operating hours and maintenance or replacement intervals for one or more substation components, etc.

[057] In the context of the present invention, a critical event condition indicates that there has been at least one critical deviation and / or at least one critical inconsistency. A critical event condition includes, for example, but without limiting the invention, deviations such as the absence of scheduled messages, abnormal intervals between scheduled messages, abnormal propagation time (latency) for scheduled messages with a fixed publication period, etc., and / or inconsistencies such as loss of message integrity, absence of synchronization signals, presence of unscheduled messages, etc. A critical event condition may generate one or more alarm conditions, indicating that the protection may operate incorrectly or even fail to operate, posing risks to the installation and / or people in its vicinity, as well as economic impacts, cyberattacks, etc.In the case of the additional or optional use of a neural network for monitoring and diagnostics, alerts with suggestions for maintenance and / or component replacement, as well as counting operating hours and maintenance or replacement intervals for one or more substation components, etc.

[058] It should be noted that all substation conditions of the invention take into account the result of the comparison between the expected and ideal parameters of each substation component contained in at least one substation SCL file with the data read and evaluated by the processing unit (or, optionally and additionally, by a neural network of the processing unit trained according to the machine learning model of the invention), and may include, in addition to monitoring the integrity, completeness and synchronization of the messages exchanged between the substation elements and the processing unit, additional parameters. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 117 / 171 23 / 60 referring to the values ​​contained in the messages, that is, the physical quantities read from the elements of the SE versus the expected values.

[059] In the context of the present invention, the expression "determine a substation condition" refers to determining the current state of the substation by reading, at predetermined intervals or at any time, both controlled and commanded by a processing unit of the system of the invention, one or more messages received from one or more elements of the substation and / or published by one or more elements of the substation and / or measured data from one or more components of the substation and comparing them with the data contained in at least one SCL file of the substation and / or a specific SCL file for the substation supervised and monitored by the system and method of the invention.This comparison is performed by at least one processing unit of the invention's system executing at least one step of the invention's method and, optionally or additionally, by a machine learning model represented by a neural network trained to provide one or more output instructions in response to one or more input messages and / or information. The result of this comparison determines the condition of each of the substation components and / or the substation as a whole and / or the communication between two or more substation components and / or the communication between at least one of the substation components and the SCADA system, in the form of a substation condition.

[060] As described above, it is possible, by associating the parameters of the received messages with the expected values ​​and ranges described in at least one SCL file of the SE, in addition to identifying a normal operating condition, to obtain information indicative of one or more abnormal operating conditions of one or more of the SE components and one or more critical event conditions of operation or malfunction of Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 118 / 171 24 / 60 one or more of the substation components. This information allows for monitoring of the substation and helps to accurately determine the status of each component, so that appropriate corrective, maintenance, replacement, alarm, and even immediate shutdown measures can be taken for one or more substation components or the substation as a whole.

[061] In the context of the present invention, the term monitor refers to one or more tasks of monitoring a substation condition, also including terms related to monitoring and its synonyms and / or equivalent terms such as, for example, but without limitation to the invention, supervision, follow-up, surveillance, verification, evaluation, measurement, etc.

[062] Also in the context of the present invention, the term neural network refers to a machine learning model that may be a convolutional neural network, wherein the term training refers to adjusting the parameters of the machine learning model so that, from a number of reference parameters associated with the ideal and / or expected values ​​of each component of the substation and the substation as a whole, it is able to, from one or more input data comprising the measured data, provide one or more output data in the form of one or more substation conditions for one or more components of the substation and the substation as a whole, in addition to instructions for the monitoring platform. It should be noted that, in addition to a convolutional neural network, it is also possible to use other learning algorithms such as, for example, Q-learning or even LLM (abbreviation for the English term Large Language Model) and other appropriate networks and / or algorithms.

[063] That being said, the present invention relates to a method and system for supervising and monitoring communication buses in a Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 119 / 171 25 / 60 digital substation on a computer monitoring platform independent of the substation's SCADA system, in order to obtain information relating to data acquisition units (MUs), protection and control relays (IEDs), switches and GNSS through protocols, preferably, but not limited to, the GOOSE, SV, MMS and SNMP protocols and / or similar protocols. Furthermore, the pre-existing and / or subsequently added SCADA system, which supervises and controls the substation, communicates with the aforementioned system of the invention to monitor on a monitoring platform that is independent of the substation's equipment, using computer instructions and / or, optionally and additionally, artificial intelligence to report deviations and diagnose the causes of problems related to the substation's equipment.In particular, for communication to occur between the monitoring platform and the SCADA system, the processing unit of the invention's system comprises at least one MMS server to enable communication, which ensures alarms to the substation operator according to the station's condition level. It should be noted that, in addition to the MMS protocol, other suitable protocols may be used, such as, but not limited to, DNP3, ModBus, IEC104, among others. System according to the invention

[064] A system for supervising and monitoring the communication buses of a digital substation, according to the present invention, presupposes the existence of at least one power substation (PS), which may or may not be mounted on a SKID chassis, comprising one or more buses, one or more current transformers (CTs) and / or one or more potential transformers (PTs), one or more IEDs, one or more MUs, one or more SCADAs, at least one Ethernet network, at least one GNSS, Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 120 / 171 26 / 60 one or more switches, one or more relays, one or more actuators, transformers in general, reactors, capacitor banks, storage batteries, compensators, generators, possibly one or more electric motors and / or fans and / or heat exchangers, smoke detectors, fire alarms, audible and / or visual alarms and all other components necessary for the operation of a substation.

[065] The system for supervising and monitoring the bus of a digital substation of the invention essentially comprises a computer monitoring platform independent of the SCADA of the SE with at least one processor or processing unit, this comprising at least one memory that stores computer executable information and instructions and, optionally or additionally, at least one trained convolutional neural network, wherein the processing unit is configured to provide output data and / or output instructions on one or more station conditions in response to receiving, as input information, one or more messages and / or input information obtained from one or more components of the SE, wherein the execution of the instructions performs one or more steps of the method for monitoring the communication buses in a digital substation of the invention.

[066] In addition to at least one memory, at least one processing unit and, optionally and additionally, at least one trained neural network, the system of the invention may further comprise: - At least one processing device for acquiring and presenting information / instructions; - At least one central server; - At least one database; Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 121 / 171 27 / 60 - At least one communication and data network; - One or more sets of input information; - One or more sets of instructions; and Other devices and / or equipment necessary for the operation of the system and the execution of a method in accordance with the invention.

[067] In addition, the system for monitoring the communication buses in a digital substation may also include, optionally and additionally, other devices and / or equipment necessary for the operation of one or more elements of the system of the invention for the execution of one or more methods in accordance with the invention.

[068] The memory, processors, processing equipment for acquiring and presenting information / instructions, servers, databases, communication and data networks, and other devices and / or equipment eventually and additionally included in the system, are all interconnected by the communication buses of the SE and / or by one or more communication and data networks. Images and data are stored as one or more electrical signals, and the processing of these signals is done by one or more components of the system of the invention.

[069] In a preferred, non-limiting embodiment of the invention, one or more elements of the invention's system may perform one or more steps of the invention's methods individually, without a connection to one or more communication and data networks, storing the processed information and data locally, for later sharing as soon as one or more connections to one or more communication and data networks are established or re-established. Processor or computer system or processing circuit Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 122 / 171 28 / 60

[070] A processor is, in the context of the invention, a central processing unit or CPU or a computer system or a processing circuit that performs the instructions of a computer program or application, processing and executing arithmetic and logical operations and the input and output of data, the computer program being stored on a computer-readable medium with memory for data storage, connection to one or more communication and data networks and to one or more remote databases and / or a local and / or centralized and / or decentralized and / or cloud-based information storage and retrieval environment, and also equipped with all the usual peripherals of the state of the art, being capable of exchanging information with the electronic and physical medium, interfaces, applications, mobile equipment, other memory devices, etc.

[071] A processor according to the invention may be, form part of, or be divided into one or more modules. The term module, according to the invention, refers to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group of processors), and a memory that executes one or more software programs or firmware. It also refers to a combinational logic circuit and / or other suitable components capable of providing the functionalities in question.

[072] A processing circuit according to the invention can also be configured, optionally and additionally, to determine a neural network according to the invention.

[073] This processing circuit may therefore include a processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, a microprocessor, a programmable gate array. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 123 / 171 29 / 60 in the field (FPGA), a graphics card or special hardware for convolutional neural networks such as the trained convolutional neural network of the invention.

[074] Both the central server of the invention's system and the processing equipment for acquiring and presenting information / instructions of the invention each have at least one processing unit or processor or computer system or processing circuit, which are preferably independent of each other and / or autonomous. Memory read by computer

[075] A computer-readable memory, in the context of the present invention, is any memory or storage device, remote or local, volatile or non-volatile, transient or non-transient (permanent), that stores information and instructions and, in particular, a computer-readable memory that stores at least one SE SCL file and instructions capable of executing a method according to the invention. Switchable media

[076] A computer-readable means, according to the invention, is a means comprising instructions that, when executed in a system or equipment of the invention, performs one or more methods according to the invention, in particular, a method in which, from one or more input information comprising the messages of each element of the SE and / or the measured data, compares these with the data in the SCL file of the SE monitored by the system and method of the invention, determines at least one substation condition and / or provides one or more output data and / or instructions, wherein the output data comprises one or more substation conditions of one or more components of the SE and of the SE as a whole, and the output instructions Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 124 / 171 30 / 60 also includes one or more instructions for the computational monitoring platform, where the output data and / or instructions are unequivocally associated with the respective substation component or the substation as a whole. Neural network

[077] The computer-readable medium may also, optionally and additionally, comprise a trained convolutional neural network which, in the context of the present invention, is a machine learning model configured to, from one or more input information comprising the measured data, provide one or more output data in the form of one or more substation conditions of one or more components of the substation and of the substation as a whole, alarm triggering, as well as at least one diagnostic and at least one output instruction for the processing unit and / or computational monitoring platform, wherein the output data and / or output instructions are unequivocally associated with the respective substation component or the substation as a whole.

[078] A trained convolutional neural network, according to the invention, may comprise interconnected groups of artificial neurons (e.g., neuron models), and may also be a computational device or be represented as a method that will be executed by a computational device.

[079] A convolutional neural network trained according to the invention may be, for example, but without limiting the invention, a deep-trained feedforward convolutional neural network of such architecture that it delivers results quickly and accurately and that it can also be run, especially on portable processors. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 125 / 171 31 / 60 such as, for example, but not limited to, processors for cell phones, smartphones, tablets and the like, with high processing speed and concomitant precision, and may also include layers of neurons that can be configured in a receptive field arranged side by side. Processing equipment for acquiring and presenting information / instructions.

[080] A processing device for acquiring and presenting information / instructions, or simply the device of the invention, is an interface between the system of the invention and the system users, and may include any device capable of processing and storing data and / or information and communicating via the communication and data network, and may include, without limiting the scope of the invention, physical, analog, digital, light sensors and combinations thereof, including monitors, television sets, cameras, lasers, reflectors, light barriers and similar compatible devices.

[081] The processing equipment for acquiring and presenting information / instructions of the invention comprises a user interface with the capability to: i. Import SCD, CID, ICD, and XML files; ii. Real-time visualization of network packets; iii. User configuration of the monitoring server; iv. User configuration of alarms; v. User-configurable alarm times; vi. Modification of SCD files by the user; vii. Addition of the components to be monitored; and Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 126 / 171 32 / 60 viii. Download the packets contained in the alarms in PCAP format.

[082] An intermediate device of the invention is an optional device that can be implemented externally and between the portable equipment and remote server, serving primarily to eventually perform monitoring tasks remotely.

[083] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the equipment is portable equipment, preferably a mobile phone or cell phone or smartphone or tablet and the like.

[084] In addition, the portable equipment of the invention may also include, additionally, devices, peripherals and accessories usual for portable equipment of the nature discussed herein.

[085] Portable equipment may therefore comprise any device capable of processing and storing data and / or information and, preferably, communicating via a communication and data network, and may also include personal computers, servers, code readers, telemetry, telematics, biometrics, other mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, smart devices. Each portable equipment may comprise one or more memories that store instructions, information and data and may execute one or more programs or applications to perform various functions associated with the system and methods according to the invention.

[086] Although the portable equipment of the invention is a device capable of interconnection with one or more of the components of the system of the invention, the execution of a method for determining a substation condition, according to the invention, can occur autonomously and, Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 127 / 171 33 / 60 therefore, independent of a connection to any other element of the system, as will be explained in detail later. Central server

[087] A central server is, in the context of the invention, a computer or computer system or computer circuit or even a set of computer-executable instructions, with one or more centralized computing systems or one or more data processing centers, that makes services and resources available or stores them on and through a communication and data network.It comprises one or more electronic processors capable of executing tasks based on a computer program or set of instructions stored in a computer-readable medium, preferably a computer equipped with a processor, memory for data storage, connection to one or more communication and data networks and to one or more remote databases and / or a local and / or centralized and / or decentralized and / or cloud-based information storage and retrieval environment, and also equipped with all the usual peripherals of the state of the art, being capable of exchanging information with the electronic and physical environment, interfaces, applications, mobile equipment, other memory devices, etc.

[088] A server can be at least a web server that delivers or serves web pages, an application server that handles application operations between users and applications or databases, a cloud server, a database server, a file server, a service server, a game server implementing games or services for a game, and a media server providing media such as streaming video or audio. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 128 / 171 34 / 60

[089] The invention server can also be a remote control center (N3) for the user / operator / client / maintainer of the SE, as represented in Figures 1 and 2, representative of the state of the art, and in Figure 4, representative of the solution according to the present invention.

[090] The invention system may include one or more processors for processing commands and information in accordance with computer program instructions and one or more memories that store information in one or more data structures, and may be a centralized system or network for managing the SE, for example, but not limited to a server that may be run privately by a third-party entity or the same entity that is running the server.

[091] A computer program according to the invention is a program executable on a processor of the invention and thus also executable on a processor of the portable equipment of the invention, for example, in the form of an application.

[092] The system can also be imagined as a publicly accessible network system (e.g., a distributed decentralized computing system). Each processor comprises memory that stores information and data and can execute one or more sets of instructions to perform various functions associated with the system and methods according to the invention.

[093] The central server of the invention is, in particular, the server that hosts and manages the system's database, also comprising at least one SCL file of the SE monitored by the system and method of the invention. Databases Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 129 / 171 35 / 60

[094] A database according to the invention is any and all set of data, files, information, instructions and records that form organized collections of data that relate to each other, hosted in one or more memories or storage devices of the system of the invention and that can be accessed, fed and managed by the data processing centers of the invention. A database of the invention may also comprise at least one SCL file of the SE monitored by the system and method of the invention.

[095] Both the servers and the processors and other equipment and devices of the system of the invention may comprise one or more databases, independent and / or interconnected. Communication and data network

[096] A communication and data network is, in the context of the present invention, one or more substation busbars, preferably, but without limiting the invention, at least one substation communication busbar and / or any substation busbar used for communication purposes. In this way, the communication busbars replace all the wiring normally used to connect the primary equipment of the substation and the IEs.

[097] A communication and data network, in the context of the present invention, comprises a centralized or decentralized network that interconnects one or more active or passive components of the system according to the invention. The servers, processors, data processing center, database, and portable equipment of the invention may be connected to one or more communication and data networks, Ethernet networks, physical memories, cloud storage and the like, the internet, one or more data and / or software clouds, computer terminals, mobile devices, Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 130 / 171 36 / 60 telephone devices, barcode readers, QR codes, DataMatrix codes and the like, credit cards, NFC or BLE devices, gas stations and service stations, in short, any equipment or interface necessary, directly or indirectly, for the execution of a method according to the invention.

[098] The communication and data network may comprise any wired or wireless connection, the internet or any other form of communication, and may comprise any number of different communication and data networks between any server, device, resource and system and / or other servers, devices, resources and systems described in this document. The communication and data network may enable communication between various computing resources or devices, servers and systems, and may employ different types of networks, for example, but not limited to, computer networks, telecommunications networks (e.g., cellular), mobile wireless data networks, cable, radio and similar networks and any combination of these and / or other networks. Set of information

[099] A set of information according to the invention is a set of messages and / or information also comprising a set of data acquired and / or transmitted and / or stored by and in one or more of the components of the system of the invention and comprises a plurality of information relevant to the components of the SE, to the supervision of the SE, to the monitoring of the SE and to the operators or controllers of the SE.

[0100] Non-limiting examples of information of this nature are: a. Description and configuration data of the SE; b. Input data read and / or measured from the physical quantities of each element of the substation; Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 131 / 171 37 / 60 c. Additional identification data for each member of the SE; d. Neural network training datasets; e. Resulting output data sets and their respective output instructions; f. SE condition indicators or codes; and g. Optionally, a list of items for periodic visual or instrumental verification and their respective additional SE condition codes.

[0101] The description and configuration data of the SE essentially comprise the data from at least one SE SCL file that describes and configures the components and systems within the SE, allowing different protection, control, and monitoring devices to be configured and interoperable, facilitating integration and communication between them. This data also includes the predetermined ideal and / or expected configurations and values ​​of the message protocols exchanged between the SE elements and the processing unit of the invention. The at least one SE SCL file is preferably stored in at least one memory of the processing unit of the system of the invention.

[0102] The data read and / or measured of the physical quantities of each element of the SE comprise, without limitation, the numerical values ​​measured directly or indirectly in each component of the SE, such as, for example, but without limiting the invention, values ​​of current, voltage, impedance, reactance, temperature and other usual physical quantities and information, and which correspond to the data and information of at least one SCL file of the SE and / or at least one file and / or at least one database created for this purpose. This data comprises the data that Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 132 / 171 38 / 60 will serve as input data for the processing unit and / or, additionally and optionally, for the trained convolutional neural network, which will apply the machine learning model to this input data. The data corresponds to the current data at the time of its reading (last update), the immediately preceding data, any historical series, events of special interest, and so on.

[0103] The supplementary identification data for each element of the SE may include data from the equipment and devices contained in at least one SCL file of the SE, such as, but not limited to, data such as installation and start-up dates, inventory number, installation location, maintenance and / or replacement history, etc.) and any other information that may be useful for the supervision and maintenance of the SE and its components. This data includes the current data at the time of its update or the last update, the immediately preceding data, any historical series, events of special interest, and so on.

[0104] The neural network training datasets comprise the set of expected or ideal predetermined datasets, in the most varied possible operating situations of the substation, used to train a convolutional neural network in a machine learning model, so that this neural network is able to, from a given input data and / or information, for example, but without limiting the invention, a given voltage and current value of a protection relay, identify any deviations from the expected or ideal predetermined values ​​contained in at least one SCL file of the substation, determine an anomaly condition and a diagnosis and suggest corrections or even perform the correction through remote intervention in one or more components of the Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 133 / 171 39 / 60 system, trigger alerts and / or alarms, etc. These expected or ideal predetermined data, as well as their ranges or limit values, maximums and minimums, correspond individually to the information contained in at least one SCL file of the SE and, optionally and additionally, to the information from the manufacturers of the respective components, any corresponding standards, the expected and / or ideal tolerances or ranges for each element of the SE and, in general, to the technical specifications of the SE contained in at least one SCL file of the SE.

[0105] The resulting output datasets and their respective output instructions comprise at least one response to one or more input data submitted to the processing unit or, additionally and optionally, to the trained convolutional neural network, comprising numeric data, alphanumeric data, SE condition codes, visual and / or audible alerts, stream of alarm packets, and also the respective instructions for correction, maintenance or replacement of one or more SE components. This resulting output data will serve to determine the SE condition.

[0106] SE condition indicators or codes comprise at least one code uniquely assigned to each of the respective resulting output data and their respective output instructions, including numeric data, alphanumeric data, SE condition codes, visual and / or audible alerts, and also the respective instructions for correction, maintenance or replacement of one or more SE components.

[0107] Optionally, there may also be one or more listings of periodic visual or instrumental verification items and their respective additional SE condition codes, in addition to the information from at least one Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 134 / 171 40 / 60 SE SCL file, comprising any and all information important to and inherent to the operation of the SE.

[0108] As previously described, determining a substation condition refers to determining the current real-time operating state of the substation, i.e., the operating state of each of the substation's components and of the substation as a whole, and may include, but is not limited to, one or more normal operating conditions indicating that the values ​​read by the monitoring system are all within an expected and ideal range of predetermined parameters and contained in at least one SCL file of the substation; and / or one or more abnormal operating conditions of deviation of one or more of the data read from the expected and ideal ranges of predetermined parameters and contained in at least one SCL file of the substation; and / or one or more critical event conditions linked or not to one or more alarm conditions (incorrect protection activation, cyberattack, etc.) and / or one or more maintenance and / or component replacement alerts. Instruction set

[0109] A set of instructions, according to the invention, comprising one or more instructions, sequential and / or non-sequential, unique and / or repeated, the instruction set being acquired and / or transmitted and / or stored by and in one or more of the components of the system of the invention, being essentially executable instructions on machines or processors and even instructions to operators for a human to perform one or more tasks of verification, maintenance or replacement of one or more components of the SE.

[0110] Output instructions comprise the output instructions generated by the processing unit and may be executed and / or Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pages 135 / 171 41 / 60 stored by and on a server, in a processing center, in processing equipment for acquiring and presenting information / instructions of the invention, and may also be stored in one or more databases or other computer-readable storage media, volatile or non-volatile.

[0111] The output instructions, according to the invention, also optionally and additionally comprise the output data of the neural network trained in response to the input data processed by it.

[0112] The instruction set may also be the set of steps and any substeps of a method of the invention performed by the system of the invention or in one or more components of the system of the invention. Other devices and / or equipment necessary for operation.

[0113] The invention system may also eventually include any and all additional devices and / or equipment that may be necessary for the operation of the invention system for the execution of one or more methods of the invention. Operation of the system for monitoring the communication bus of a digital substation.

[0114] The system according to the invention, fed with information and instructions and with access to messages, information, instructions and updates of these messages, information and instructions, comprises memories that store information and instructions, at least one processor, optionally and additionally a trained convolutional neural network, remote and / or local central server, remote and / or local databases, computer-readable media and, optionally and additionally, at least one portable processing device, which execute a method of the invention for determining at least one condition of Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 136 / 171 42 / 60 substation, resulting from the interaction of one or more of its components that perform one or more steps and possible subtasks that may or may not be sequential, and may eventually be repeated, individually or in groups, if necessary and depending on the conditions determined for the method.

[0115] In summary, the processing unit loads a digital substation configuration file, which is created when parameterizing a system of the invention, using the GOOSE, SVs and MMS protocols. At this point, SCL type files (ICD, SSD, SCD, CID, IID, SED) are created, which contain all the information relating to the substation and the respective system.

[0116] These files are loaded into the computer-readable memory of the invention, which then has all the information about how the communication network between the system elements is formed, for example, how the MUs and IEDs communicate with each other and what information is being made available on the network (GOOSE and SVs).

[0117] With the system running and connected to all communication and data networks, any message and / or information that is different and / or replaced by another and / or altered and / or adulterated and / or altered in its sequence and / or additional (read here as "extra" information or information beyond what is expected) from one or more communication protocols and / or from each of the components and the substation as a whole, which, when compared to at least one SCL file, is different from what is expected / determined by the SCL file, causes the system to trigger at least one alarm and report the deviation and / or inconsistency to the substation's SCADA, preferably, but without limiting the invention, via MMS message. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 137 / 171 43 / 60

[0118] Additionally, the invention system will also acquire MMS messages from MUs and IEDs, and, as determined, for example, but without limiting the invention, in the IEC-61850 standard, other deviations and / or inconsistencies can be used for monitoring, such as, for example, the lack of one or more GOOSE messages, problems in the SVs, etc.

[0119] In this way, the invention system monitors both the information being published on the communication and data network and the equipment that is publishing and signing the messages.

[0120] In addition, the invention system also monitors the other equipment that comprises it, such as switches and GNSS, via SNMP protocol data acquisition from each piece of equipment.

[0121] In other words, the invention system performs complete monitoring of all system components, as well as all information being published on the communication bus, requiring the substation maintainer to interpret what is happening and make corrections. This condition changes when, additionally or optionally, the processing unit comprises a neural network trained to monitor, diagnose, and suggest corrections to the substation maintainer.

[0122] In more detail, the main operating steps of the invention's system comprise, but are not limited to, the acquisition by the processor, using a predetermined specific database or library, of input data from one or more components of the SE, wherein this acquisition is made by reading at least one message and / or by reading packets of Ethernet messages, for example, but without limiting the invention, of messages individually and / or in groups and / or in packets, such as, for example, in bursts of 32 messages received by the respective ports of the processing unit, wherein Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 138 / 171 44 / 60 These messages and / or message packets are submitted, in the processing unit, to comparison with the data from the substation's SCL file or, optionally or additionally, in the trained convolutional neural network.

[0123] To this end, the invention system, through the processing unit, acquires input information from at least one of the components of the substation, via the low-latency communication and data network and / or the low-latency communication bus itself, establishing a connection via MMS protocol defined in at least one standard, for example, but not limited to the invention, in the IEC61850 standard, for acquiring information relating to protection relays; acquiring information via layer 2 (the layer that transmits the protocols) for GOOSE, SV and LLDP protocols; and connecting via SNMP protocol for acquiring information relating to switches, routers and GNSS time synchronization units.

[0124] The acquisition of low-latency input information by the processing unit of the invention's system is achieved by means of the direct connection between the network devices of the processing unit and the network monitor applications, that is, it occurs through the bypass of the operating system kernel.

[0125] After this initial reading, processing unit cores dedicated to processing each communication network are used, and the input information is compared with the information available in the SCD.

[0126] In monitoring via MMS and SNMP protocols, the processing unit acquires the following information: All logical nodes requested by the user and maintained in the SCL; Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 139 / 171 45 / 60 Receiving reports of values ​​acquired via MMS due to value changes; Receiving reports of values ​​acquired via MMS due to quality changes; Receiving reports of acquired values ​​via MMS by period; and receiving all information contained in the MIBs via SNMP protocol.

[0127] In monitoring via the GOOSE, SMV, and PTP protocols, the following information is acquired by the processing unit: All the informational fields of the GOOSE message; GOOSE message length; The composition of the GOOSE message; GOOSE message arrival and retransmission times; The sequence in which the GOOSE message was received; GOOSE message operating mode; All informational fields of the Sampled Value message; The length of the sampled value message; The composition of the Sampled Value message; The arrival and retransmission times of the Sampled Value message; The sequence in which the Sampled Value message is received; The operating mode of the Sampled Value message; Receiving packets not included in the provided SCL file; The existence of IEEE1588 packets for PTP; The arrival and retransmission times of the 1588 message; and the change of the IEEE1588 packet to PTP. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 140 / 171 46 / 60

[0128] The input messages and / or information are compared by the processing unit and / or, optionally and additionally by a neural network, to the values ​​and information contained in at least one SCL file from the substation and, after this comparison, at least one substation condition is determined, in which the MMS server of the processing unit informs the SCADA of all deviations and / or inconsistencies detected in the substation condition, in the form of: Alarms related to each item purchased; Reading the purchased packages; Statistical information on the packages; Monitor statistical information; The PCAP file of the alarm packet; and the stream of packets from an alarm.

[0129] After at least one substation condition has been determined and reported, the detected events (deviations and / or inconsistencies) are recorded in the processing unit's database, more specifically: To store the network message stream in the processing unit's memory and / or database; and to record the data stream in the processing unit's memory and / or database at the time of the event. [ 0130] The data and, in particular, the output instructions generated in response to at least one given station condition, comprise informing the operator or person responsible for the supervision and / or maintenance of the substation, via the remote central processor or the portable equipment processor, of one or more substation condition codes and communicating at least one procedure instruction equivalent to: Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pages 141 / 171 47 / 60 • Graphical interface for accessing information; • Through software installed on the user's / operator's / client's / maintainer's personal computer or remote device, they will have access to: All events; Copy of the data stream at the time of the event; Visualization of the current communication network; SCL file configuration and analysis; Acquisition server configuration; Taking cybersecurity actions such as visiting the panels where the alarms occurred, and locking doors; Preparation for intervention includes acquiring the correct replacement materials (network cables, fiber optic cables, IEDs). To prevent an incorrect system configuration from remaining in operation undetected.

[0131] Preferably, the steps can be repeated in full for the other components of the SE, with the decision-making process being left until the end, accumulating decisions for a group of components, in addition to taking into account a possible autonomous execution of the method using portable equipment, without connection to a central server or central database or any communication and data network.

[0132] It should be noted that the steps, tasks and subtasks are performed using directly or indirectly one or more of the active or passive components of the invention system, based on one or more of the information Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 142 / 171 48 / 60 of the invention system, according to a method of the invention and, always, in accordance with one or more of the instructions of the invention system.

[0133] That being said, it is clear that, by performing the steps described above, the invention system determines the operating state of one or more components of the SE and of the SE as a whole, in the form of a substation condition, from reading the messages received or recorded and / or the data received from each component or from the SE, by submitting the results of the input information readings to the processing unit or, additionally and optionally, to a machine learning model.

[0134] By associating the measured values ​​with their predetermined ideal value, for example, described in at least one SCL file of the SE, the invention system is able to, in addition to identifying any discrepancies, gather indicative information about the operating status of each component of the SE or of the SE as a whole, independently and completely.

[0135] With this information, the system assists in determining the status of each component of the SE and the SE, and, optionally or additionally, when the input information is submitted to a trained neural network, suggests to the operator / user / client / maintainer of the SE the appropriate and necessary operation and / or maintenance measures by means of suggestions and / or procedural instructions. Method for supervision and monitoring of communication buses in a digital substation.

[0136] The method for supervising and monitoring the communication buses of a digital substation, according to the invention, is a Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 143 / 171 49 / 60 method implemented on a computer that preferably comprises the following method steps: A. Acquire, through at least one processing unit, messages and / or input information from at least one of the SE components via at least one communication and data network and / or the SE's own communication bus, by establishing a connection via MMS, GOOSE and SV protocols, a connection via layer 2 and a connection via SNMP protocol; B. Compare, using at least one processing unit, the input messages and / or information from at least one of the SE components obtained in the previous step to the predetermined ideal values ​​contained in at least one SCL file from at least one memory and / or database of the processing unit; C. Determine, using the processing unit, based on the comparison from the previous step, at least one substation condition, where a substation condition can be at least one normal operating condition, without deviations and / or inconsistencies, and / or at least one abnormal operating condition, with at least one deviation and / or at least one inconsistency, and / or at least one critical event condition, with at least one critical deviation and / or at least one critical inconsistency; D. To inform, through the processing unit, at least one Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 144 / 171 50 / 60 SCADA from the substation, independent of the processing unit, to at least one substation condition determined in the previous step, in the form of messages and / or output instructions, together with at least one of the deviations and / or critical deviations and / or at least one of the inconsistencies and / or critical inconsistencies detected; E. To record, through the processing unit, in at least one memory and / or database of the processing unit, at least one determined and reported substation condition, in which the records also include data from the communication and data network message flows and data at the time of at least one deviation and / or at least one inconsistency; and F. Repeat steps A through E during the substation communication bus monitoring operation.

[0137] In stage A, the messages and / or input information from at least one of the SE components are acquired by the processing unit through the establishment of at least one connection via MMS protocol for acquiring information regarding protection relays; at least one connection via layer 2 (the layer that transmits the protocols) for acquiring GOOSE, SV, and LLDP protocols; and at least one connection via SNMP protocol for acquiring information regarding switches, routers, and GNSS time synchronization units. It should be noted that, as defined, the establishment of one or more of the connections described here can be carried out either through at least one communication and data network or through the SE's own communication bus, and there may also be a mixed connection method. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pages 145 / 171 51 / 60 However, regardless of the connection method, this must be a connection in accordance with the invention, i.e., low latency, and the acquisition of input information with low latency by the processing unit of the invention's system is achieved due to the direct connection between the network devices of the processing unit and the network monitor applications, i.e., it occurs through the bypass of the operating system kernel.

[0138] Stage A therefore comprises monitoring via the MMS and SNMP protocols, through which the following information is acquired by the processing unit: All logical nodes requested by the user and maintained in the SCL; Receiving reports of values ​​acquired via MMS due to value changes; Receiving reports of values ​​acquired via MMS due to quality changes; Receiving reports of acquired values ​​via MMS by period; and receiving all information contained in the MIBs via SNMP protocol.

[0139] Stage A also includes monitoring through the GOOSE, SMV and PTP protocols, through which the following information is acquired by the processing unit: All the informational fields of the GOOSE message; GOOSE message length; The composition of the GOOSE message; GOOSE message arrival and retransmission times; Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 146 / 171 52 / 60 o GOOSE message reception sequence; GOOSE message operating mode; All informational fields of the Sampled Value message; The length of the sampled value message; The composition of the Sampled Value message; The arrival and retransmission times of the Sampled Value message; The sequence in which the Sampled Value message is received; The operating mode of the Sampled Value message; Receiving packets not included in the provided SCL file; The existence of IEEE1588 packets for PTP; The arrival and retransmission times of the 1588 message; and the change of the IEEE1588 packet to PTP.

[0140] In step B, the processing unit compares the messages and / or input information from at least one of the SE components obtained in step A to the predetermined ideal values ​​contained in at least one SCL file from at least one memory and / or database of the processing unit. The comparison performed in step B can also be performed by a convolutional neural network trained according to the invention, comparing both the messages and the data from the SCL file and the values ​​contained in the messages and the data from the SCL file and / or another file or database that includes, for example, but without limiting the invention, the expected physical quantities of each SE component.

[0141] In step C, the processing unit, based on the comparison in step B, determines at least one substation condition, where a substation condition can be at least one condition of Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 147 / 171 53 / 60 normal operation, without deviations and / or inconsistencies, and / or at least one abnormal operation condition, with at least one deviation and / or inconsistency, and / or at least one critical event condition, with at least one critical deviation and / or at least one critical inconsistency.

[0142] Step D comprises informing at least one SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system of the substation, preferably, but not limited to, the processing unit via the processing unit's MMS (Multi-Manufacturing System) server, of at least one substation condition determined in Step C, in the form of output instructions, together with at least one of the detected deviations and / or inconsistencies and / or critical deviations and / or critical inconsistencies. The output instructions comprise: Alarms related to each item purchased; Reading the purchased packages; Statistical information on the packages; Monitor statistical information; The PCAP file of the alarm packet; and the stream of packets from an alarm. [ 0143] The data and, in particular, the output instructions generated in response to at least one given station condition, comprise informing the operator or person responsible for the supervision and / or maintenance of the substation, via the remote central processor or the portable equipment processor, of one or more substation condition codes and communicating at least one procedure instruction equivalent to: • Graphical interface for accessing information; Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 148 / 171 54 / 60 • Through software installed on the user's / operator's / client's / maintainer's personal computer or remote device, they will have access to: All events; Copy of the data stream at the time of the event; Visualization of the current communication network; SCL file configuration and analysis; Acquisition server configuration; Taking cybersecurity actions such as visiting the panels where the alarms occurred, locking doors; and preparing for intervention, such as acquiring the correct replacement material (network cables, fiber optic cables, IEDs).

[0144] Furthermore, it should be noted that, through an interface in the form of processing equipment for acquiring and presenting information / instructions of the invention, it is possible for the user / operator to: i. Import SCD, CID, ICD, and XML files; ii. Real-time visualization of network packets; iii. User configuration of the monitoring server; iv. User configuration of alarms; v. User-configurable alarm times; vi. Modification of SCD files by the user; vii. Addition of the components to be monitored; and viii. Download in PCAP format of the packets contained in the alarms.

[0145] In addition, step D may also optionally or additionally include, when submitting the input information to a trained neural network, suggesting to the operator / user / client / maintainer of the SE Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 149 / 171 55 / 60 the appropriate and necessary operational and / or maintenance measures through suggestions and / or procedural instructions for correcting the reported deviations and / or inconsistencies.

[0146] Stage E comprises the recording of at least one determined and reported substation condition, where the records also include data from the communication and data network message flows and data at the time of at least one deviation and / or at least one inconsistency. The recording is done by the processing unit in at least one memory and / or database of the processing unit. The records of stage E are essentially added to the processing unit's database for the purpose of recording the activities and conditions of each of the elements of the substation and the substation as a whole, and additionally, to create a history of accesses and records. It should also be noted that the records of stage E may be added to at least one additional database comprising the information from the substation's SCL file updated with the day-to-day operation data.

[0147] Step F, in turn, suggests repeating steps A to E during the monitoring operation of the substation communication bus and, more specifically, during the operation of the substation, continuously and / or at predetermined intervals, according to instructions from the SE SCL file and / or the operator / user.

[0148] The steps of the method for determining a substation condition of the invention can be performed in the suggested sequences or repeated individually or in groups, if necessary and depending on the condition to be investigated.

[0149] All steps and any substeps of the invention method are performed using, directly or indirectly, one or more of the Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pages 150 / 171 56 / 60 active or passive components of the system of the invention, using one or more of the information from the system of the invention and always in accordance with one or more of the instructions from the system of the invention.

[0150] An interaction between the system components during the execution of the invention method occurs through communication between them by means of one or more communication and data networks and / or one or more communication buses of the substation.

[0151] Optionally, the steps of the invention method can be repeated in full or individually for the other components of the SE, with the decision-making process being left to the end, accumulating decisions for a group of components, in addition to taking into account a possible autonomous execution of the method by means of the portable equipment, without connection to a central server or central database or any communication and data network.

[0152] That being said, it is clear that, by means of the execution of the steps described above, the invention system determines, by means of a completely independent computational platform, the operating state of one or more components of the SE and of the SE as a whole, from the reading of the data received from each component or from the SE, by submitting the results of the readings of the input information to the processing unit or, additionally and optionally, to a machine learning model.

[0153] By associating the measured values ​​with their predetermined ideal value, for example, described in at least one SCL file of the SE, the invention's system is able to, in addition to identifying any discrepancies, gather indicative information about the operating status of each component of the SE or of the SE as a whole, in a way Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pages 151 / 171 57 / 60 independent and complete. With this information, the system assists in determining the status of each component of the substation and the substation, and suggests to the operator the appropriate and necessary operating and / or maintenance measures through procedural instructions. Method for training a neural network to determine the substation state of a digital substation.

[0154] The invention's method for training a neural network to determine the substation state of a digital substation, wherein a neural network refers to a machine learning model, is a method capable of adjusting the parameters of the machine learning model so that, from a number of reference input information associated with the ideal and / or expected values ​​of each component of the substation and the substation as a whole, available in at least one SCL file and / or in at least one file or database comprising the expected physical quantities for the components of the substation and the operation of the substation as a whole, it is able to, from one or more input data or information comprising the measured data, provide one or more output data in the form of one or more substation conditions for one or more components of the substation and the substation as a whole and / or in the form of a diagnosis of the causes of any deviations and / or inconsistencies,In addition to suggestions for procedures and / or instructions for correcting any deviations and / or inconsistencies.

[0155] The training serves to configure the neural network to provide diagnoses and instructions unambiguously associated with each corresponding component of the SE, in response to receiving, as input, the measured values ​​of each component and / or the input messages and / or information. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 152 / 171 58 / 60

[0156] The preferred neural network, without limiting the scope of the invention, is a convolutional neural network, but it could be any other suitable similar architecture provided that the model is trained accordingly, just as the aforementioned convolutional neural network. Furthermore, the trained neural network of the invention may comprise a combination of two or more architectures.

[0157] Once the convolutional neural network has been trained and the system as a whole has been fed with the information and instructions described so far, the processors will be ready to manage the system and its trained convolutional neural network, which includes, in particular, managing the entire system according to the invention for the execution of the method according to the invention.

[0158] For training the convolutional neural network of the invention, at least one database is used in the form of at least one SCL file with the ideal and / or expected reference data for each of the components of the SE and the SE as a whole and / or at least one file or database comprising the expected physical quantities for the components of the SE and the operation of the SE as a whole.

[0159] Using data from the SCL file and / or other additional files or databases, a deep feedforward convolutional neural network can be created, which may include layers of neurons that can be configured in a receptive field arranged side by side, where the input data are data read from the SE components and the output data are the substation conditions and the respective output instructions. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 153 / 171 59 / 60

[0160] A method for training a neural network to determine a substation state, according to the invention, comprises the following method steps: (i) Provide at least one training dataset based on data from at least one SE SLC file and / or at least one file or database that includes the expected physical quantities for the SE components and the operation of the SE as a whole; (ii) Configure a neural network to receive, as input, the input dataset, where each training input dataset corresponds to the respective expected datasets, according to the SE's SCL file and / or additional file or database, for each of the SE components and the SE as a whole; (iii) Receive training input data; (iv) Configure the neural network to assign each component of the SE at least one expected value, according to the SE's SCL file; (v) Configure the neural network to generate, in response to an input data, at least one substation condition, at least one diagnosis, and at least one correction suggestion and / or output instruction; and (vi) Produce a neural network by repeatedly training the trained convolutional neural network with each of the training datasets. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 154 / 171 60 / 60 Final considerations

[0161] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the concepts set forth in the description above. Such modifications should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention. Consequently, the particular embodiments described in detail above are merely illustrative and exemplary and not limiting as to the scope of the present invention, to which the full extent of the appended claims and of any and all equivalents thereof should be given. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pages 155 / 171

Claims

1 / 9 CLAIMS 1. A method for supervising and monitoring the communication buses of a digital substation, characterized in that it is a computer-implemented method comprising the following method steps: A. Acquiring, through at least one processing unit, messages and / or input information from at least one of the substation components through at least one communication and data network and / or the substation's own communication bus, by establishing a connection via MMS protocol, a connection via layer 2, and a connection via SNMP protocol; B. Comparing, through at least one processing unit, the messages and / or input information from at least one of the substation components obtained in the previous step to the predetermined ideal values ​​contained in at least one SCL file of at least one memory and / or database of the processing unit; C.Determine, through the processing unit, based on the comparison of the previous step, at least one substation condition, where a substation condition can be at least one normal operating condition, without deviations and / or inconsistencies, and / or at least one abnormal operating condition, with at least one deviation and / or at least one inconsistency, and / or at least one critical event condition, with at least one critical deviation and / or at least one critical inconsistency; D. Inform, through the processing unit, at least one SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system of the substation, independent of the processing unit, of at least one substation condition determined in the previous step, in the form of messages and / or output instructions, together with at least one of the deviations and / or critical deviations and / or at least one of the inconsistencies and / or critical inconsistencies detected; E.Record, through the processing unit, in at least one memory and / or database of the processing unit, at least one determined and reported substation condition, in which the records also include data from the communication and data network message flows and data at the time of at least one deviation and / or at least one inconsistency; and F. Repeat steps A to E during the monitoring operation of the substation communication bus.

2. Method, according to claim 1, characterized in that in step A the messages and / or input information from at least one of the components of the SE are acquired by the processing unit by establishing at least one connection via MMS protocol for acquiring information regarding protection relays; at least one connection via layer 2 (layer that transmits the protocols) for acquiring GOOSE, SV and LLDP protocols; and at least one connection via SNMP protocol for acquiring information regarding switches, routers and GNSS time synchronization units.

3. A method, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that step A comprises monitoring via MMS and SNMP protocols, whereby the processing unit acquires the following information: o All logical nodes requested by the user and maintained in the SCL; o Receipt of reports of values ​​acquired via MMS by value change; o Receipt of reports of values ​​acquired via MMS by quality change; o Receipt of reports of values ​​acquired via MMS by period; and o Receipt of all information contained in the MIBs via SNMP protocol.

4. Method, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that step A further comprises monitoring through the GOOSE, SMV and PTP protocols, whereby the processing unit acquires the following information: o All informational fields of the GOOSE message; o Length of the GOOSE message; o Composition of the GOOSE message; o Arrival and retransmission times of the GOOSE message; o Receipt sequence of the GOOSE message; o Operating mode of the GOOSE message; o All informational fields of the Sampled Value message; Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, p.158 / 171 4 / 9 o Sampled Value message length; o Sampled Value message composition; o Sampled Value message arrival and retransmission times; o Sampled Value message reception sequence; o Sampled Value message operation mode; o Reception of packets not foreseen in the provided SCL file; o Existence of IEEE1588 packets for PTP; o 1588 message arrival and retransmission times; and o Change of IEEE1588 packet to PTP.

5. Method, according to claim 1, characterized in that in step B the comparison can be made both between the messages and the data in the SCL file and between the values ​​contained in the messages and the data in the SCL file and / or another file or database comprising the expected physical quantities of each component of the SE.

6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step C the processing unit, based on the comparison of step B, determines at least one substation condition, wherein a substation condition may be at least one normal operating condition, without deviations and / or inconsistencies, and / or at least one abnormal operating condition, with at least one deviation and / or inconsistency, and / or at least one critical event condition, with at least one critical deviation and / or at least one critical inconsistency.

7. Method, according to claim 1, characterized in that in step D the output instructions comprise: o Alarms relating to each purchased item; o Reading of purchased packets Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 159 / 171 5 / 9 o Statistical information of the packets; o Statistical information of the monitor; o PCAP file of the alarm packet; and o Stream of the packets of an alarm.

8. Method, according to claim 7, characterized in that in step D the output instructions also include communicating at least one procedural instruction equivalent to: • Graphical interface for accessing information; • Through software installed on the personal computer or remote device of the user / operator / client / maintainer of the SE, the same will have access to: o All events; o Copy of the data stream at the time of the event; o Visualization of the current communication network; o Configuration and analysis of the SCL file; o Configuration of the acquisition server; o Taking cybersecurity actions such as visiting the panels where the alarms occurred, blocking doors; and o Preparation for intervention such as acquiring the correct replacement material (network cables, fiber optic cords, IEDs).

9. Method, according to any of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that step D may further comprise suggesting to the operator / user / client / maintainer of the substation the appropriate and necessary operating and / or maintenance measures by means of suggestions and / or procedural instructions for correcting the reported deviations and / or inconsistencies. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 160 / 171 6 / 9 10. Method, according to claim 1, characterized in that in step E the records can be added to at least one additional database comprising the information from the SE's SCL file updated with the day-to-day operation data.

11. System for supervision and monitoring of the communication bus and a digital substation, characterized in that it comprises a computer monitoring platform independent of the substation's SCADA, comprising at least one processing unit, this comprising at least one memory that stores information and instructions executable by computer, wherein the processing unit is configured to provide output data and / or output instructions on one or more substation conditions in response to receiving, as input information, one or more messages and / or input information obtained from one or more components of the substation, wherein the execution of the instructions by the processing unit performs one or more steps of a method for monitoring the communication buses in a digital substation.

12. System according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises: - At least one processing device for acquiring and presenting information / instructions; - At least one central server; - At least one database; - At least one communication and data network; - One or more sets of input information; - One or more sets of instructions; and Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 161 / 171 7 / 9 - Other devices and / or equipment necessary for the operation of the system and the execution of a method according to the invention.

13. System for supervision and monitoring of the communication bus and a digital substation, characterized in that it performs at least one, preferably all, of the steps of the method defined in any one of claims 1 to 10.

14. System for supervision and monitoring of the communication bus and a digital substation, characterized in that it comprises a computational monitoring platform independent of the substation's SCADA, comprising at least one processing unit, this comprising at least one memory that stores information and instructions executable by computer, wherein the processing unit is configured to determine a trained convolutional neural network.

15. System, according to claim 14, characterized in that the neural network is trained to compare messages and / or input information read from the substation elements to information in a substation SCD file and / or a file or database comprising the expected values ​​for the physical quantities of each of the substation components; detect a substation condition; provide one or more output instructions in response to one or more messages and / or input information; diagnose and generate at least one output instruction to the substation maintainer in the form of a suggested procedure for maintaining the operation and / or correcting the parameters of one or more substation components or the substation as a whole. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 162 / 171 8 / 9 16. System, according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the input messages and / or information read from the SE elements comprise the numerical values ​​measured directly or indirectly in each component of the SE.

17. Method for training a neural network to determine the substation state of a digital substation, characterized in that it comprises the following method steps: (i) Making available at least one training dataset based on data from at least one SCL file of the substation and / or at least one file or database comprising the expected physical quantities for the substation components and the substation operation as a whole; (ii) Configuring a neural network to receive, as input, the input dataset, wherein each training input dataset corresponds to the respective expected datasets, according to the substation's SCL file and / or additional file or database, for each of the substation components and the substation as a whole; (iii) Receiving the training input data; (iv) Configuring the neural network to assign to each substation component at least one expected value, according to the substation's SCL file;(v) Configure the neural network to generate, in response to an input data, at least one substation condition, at least one diagnosis and at least one correction suggestion and / or output instruction; and Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 163 / 171 9 / 9 (vi) Produce a neural network by repeatedly training the trained convolutional neural network with each of the training datasets.; 18. Equipment for monitoring the communication bus of a digital substation, characterized by being portable and performing at least one, preferably all, of the steps of the method defined in any one of claims 1 to 10.

19. Computer-readable memory, characterized in that it comprises a set of computer-executable instructions which, when executed, perform the method defined in any one of claims 1 to 10. Petition 870250084783, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 164 / 171

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