A variable current and variable speed brushless non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor

Abstract

The present invention discloses a variable current and variable speed brushless non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor, which belongs to the field of DC motors and solves the problems of poor speed regulation characteristics, high power consumption and high manufacturing cost of existing motors. A variable current and variable speed brushless non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor comprises a base, a permanent magnet inner rotor, a permanent magnet outer rotor, a coil inner stator and a coil outer stator. A rotor shaft is arranged inside the coil inner stator, and a rotor shaft support bearing and a permanent magnet magnetic suspension inner sleeve and a permanent magnet magnetic suspension outer sleeve of the same polarity are arranged at the right end of the rotor shaft. The permanent magnet magnetic suspension inner sleeve is sleeved in the permanent magnet magnetic suspension outer sleeve, and the outer diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner stator are fastened with the coil inner stator permanent magnet magnetic suspension inner sleeve, and the inner diameter openings at both ends of the permanent magnet inner rotor are fastened with the coil inner stator permanent magnet magnetic suspension outer sleeve of the same polarity. The stator coil of the present invention has no iron core, no iron loss, fast torque response, high permanent magnet energy utilization, low power consumption, can be variable speed by current conversion, and can operate at ultra-high speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of direct current motors, and in particular relates to a variable current and variable speed brushless and non-commutated permanent magnet direct current motor. Background Art

[0002] DC motors are divided into radial magnetic field and axial magnetic field according to the magnetic field structure, and the excitation methods are divided into permanent magnetic excitation and winding core excitation. They have one thing in common: due to structural limitations such as size, the permanent magnetic energy utilization rate of permanent magnetic materials is low. For example, the DC permanent magnet synchronous drive motor of electric vehicles has difficulty in weak magnetic field, poor speed regulation characteristics, low efficiency at low speed, difficulty in ultra-high speed operation, complex motor drive control system, and current commutation, high power consumption, and high manufacturing cost. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable current and variable speed brushless non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor to solve the problems of poor speed regulation characteristics, high power consumption and high manufacturing cost of existing motors.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a variable current and variable speed brushless non-commutation permanent magnet DC motor, comprising a machine base, a permanent magnet inner rotor, a permanent magnet outer rotor, a coil inner stator, and a coil outer stator, wherein the coil inner stator is arranged in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet inner rotor, the permanent magnet inner rotor is arranged in the inner cavity of the coil outer stator, the coil outer stator is arranged in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet outer rotor, the permanent magnet outer rotor is arranged in the inner cavity of the machine base, a rotor shaft is arranged in the coil inner stator, a rotor shaft support bearing and a permanent magnet magnetic suspension inner sleeve and a permanent magnet magnetic suspension outer sleeve of the same polarity are arranged at the right end of the rotor shaft, the permanent magnet magnetic suspension inner sleeve is sleeved in the permanent magnet magnetic suspension outer sleeve, the outer diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner stator are fastened with the coil inner stator permanent magnet magnetic suspension inner sleeve, the inner diameter openings at both ends of the permanent magnet inner rotor are fastened with the coil inner stator permanent magnet magnetic suspension outer sleeve of the same polarity, and the coil inner stator permanent magnet magnetic suspension inner sleeve is located in the coil inner stator permanent magnet magnetic suspension outer sleeve.

[0005] As a further improvement of the present invention, the inner diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner stator are fastened with a left stator flange and a right stator flange, the inner diameter circles of the left stator flange and the right stator flange have axially protruding ports inside and outside, the two ends of the rotor shaft are respectively fitted with flange bearings, and the two ports of the coil inner stator and the permanent magnet inner rotor are respectively fastened with the coil inner stator bearings.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, two ends of the coil inner stator are respectively provided with coil inner stator bearing slots.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, a circumferential gap of 10 mm is maintained between the rotor shaft and the inner center of the stator in the coil, and a circumferential gap of 5 mm is maintained between the rotor shaft and the stator in the coil.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, a permanent magnet rotor flange is mounted on the outer rotor shaft at the right end of the right stator flange, one end of the permanent magnet outer rotor is mounted in the inner diameter opening of the permanent magnet outer rotor bearing, and the other end is fastened to the permanent magnet outer rotor flange; the permanent magnet outer rotor bearing is fastened at the inner diameter opening at the left end of the machine base.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the permanent magnet inner rotor and the permanent magnet outer rotor are both round steel barrels made of concentric ferromagnetic materials, the inner rotor outer diameter is fitted with a permanent magnet barrel, and the outer rotor inner diameter is fitted with a permanent magnet barrel, the permanent magnet inner rotor is magnetized to an S pole or an N pole, and the permanent magnet outer rotor side is magnetized to an N pole or an S pole.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, each enameled copper wire of the inner stator and the outer stator of the coil is connected to form an inner and outer winding coil series loop circuit. The inner and outer stators of the coil are single turns, and copper bolts are fastened through the bolt holes of the inner stator conductive plate of the coil and the bolt holes of the outer stator conductive plate of the coil, and the inner and outer stators of the coil are connected to form a series circuit by a conductive plate.

[0011] After the enameled copper wire of the stator inside the coil is energized, the current enters from the right end of the stator inside the coil, comes out from the left end and enters the left end of the stator outside the coil, then comes out from the right end of the stator outside the coil and returns to the right end of the inner coil stator, flowing in a circle in sequence. Therefore, the current of the coil wire in the magnetic field is in the same direction. Because the magnetic fields of the permanent magnet inner rotor and the permanent magnet outer rotor are a single magnetic field of S pole attracting N pole or N pole attracting S pole, the magnetic torque directions of the copper wires of the stator outside the coil are the same. Therefore, when the rotor rotates, no commutation is required. Because the coil is fixed, no brushes are required.

[0012] The utility model discloses a variable current and variable speed brushless non-commutation permanent magnet DC motor which can be used as a DC generator.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: compared with the existing DC motor, the stator coil has no iron core, no iron loss, fast torque response, high permanent magnetic energy utilization, low power consumption, and can be changed in speed by current conversion, and can operate at ultra-high speed, has no brushes, and no commutation system, which changes the history of current commutation of permanent magnet DC motors. It is a new type of high-efficiency and energy-saving DC motor. High-power ultra-high-speed DC motors or generators can be manufactured according to requirements, which are suitable for electric vehicles, industrial and mining enterprises and other fields that require power or power generation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 An exploded schematic diagram of the stator, rotor and base of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the flange, permanent magnetic suspension sleeve and support of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 It is an assembly diagram of the first half of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 It is an assembly diagram of the second half of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the inner and outer stator windings of the coil.

[0020] In the figure: 1A-left stator flange, 1B-left stator flange bolt hole, 2-coil inner stator bearing, 3A-coil inner stator permanent magnet magnetic suspension inner sleeve, 3B-coil inner stator permanent magnet magnetic suspension outer sleeve, 4A-coil inner stator conductive plate fastening bolt hole, 4B-coil outer stator conductive plate fastening bolt hole, 5-coil inner stator, 6-rotor shaft, 7-permanent magnet inner rotor, 8-coil outer stator, 9-permanent magnet outer rotor bearing, 10-permanent magnet outer rotor, 11A-right stator flange, 11B-right stator flange bolt hole, 12A-permanent magnet outer rotor flange, 12B-permanent magnet outer rotor flange bolt hole, 13-permanent magnet rotor flange key, 1 4A-permanent magnet magnetic suspension outer sleeve, 14B-permanent magnet magnetic suspension inner sleeve, 15A-rotor shaft support bearing, 15B-rotor shaft support bearing seat, 16-permanent magnet rotor flange keyway, 17A-rotor shaft support, 17B-rotor shaft support bolt hole, 18-conductive plate, 19-flange bearing, 20-machine base, 21-left stator flange and machine base fastening bolt hole, 22-left flange and coil outer stator fastening bolt hole, 23-coil inner stator bearing retaining ring, 24-rotor shaft keyway, 25-coil inner stator bearing slot, 26-fastening bolt, 27-left stator flange and machine base bolt hole, 28-bearing end cover, 29-power wiring hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] This embodiment adopts a method in which the coil is fixed and the permanent magnetic field rotates.

[0023] As shown in the figure, a variable current and variable speed brushless non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor includes a base 20, a permanent magnet inner rotor 7, a permanent magnet outer rotor 10, a coil inner stator 5, and a coil outer stator 8. The coil inner stator 5 is arranged in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet inner rotor 7, the permanent magnet inner rotor 7 is arranged in the inner cavity of the coil outer stator 8, the coil outer stator 8 is arranged in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet outer rotor 10, and the permanent magnet outer rotor 10 is arranged in the inner cavity of the base 20. A rotor shaft 6 is arranged in the coil inner stator 5, and a rotor shaft 6 is arranged at the right end. The sub-shaft support bearing 15A and the permanent magnetic suspension inner sleeve 14B and the permanent magnetic suspension outer sleeve 14A of the same polarity, the permanent magnetic suspension inner sleeve 14B is sleeved in the permanent magnetic suspension outer sleeve 14A, the outer diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner stator 5 are fastened with the coil inner stator permanent magnetic suspension inner sleeve 3A, the inner diameter openings at both ends of the permanent magnetic inner rotor 7 are fastened with the coil inner stator permanent magnetic suspension outer sleeve 3B of the same polarity, and the coil inner stator permanent magnetic suspension inner sleeve 3A is located in the coil inner stator permanent magnetic suspension outer sleeve 3B.

[0024] The inner diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner stator 5 are fastened with the left stator flange 1A and the right stator flange 11A. The inner diameter circles of the left stator flange 1A and the right stator flange 11A have axially protruding ports inside and outside. The two ends of the rotor shaft 6 are respectively equipped with flange bearings 19. The two ends of the coil inner stator 5 and the permanent magnet inner rotor 7 are respectively fastened with the coil inner stator bearings 2. The two ends of the coil inner stator 5 are respectively provided with coil inner stator bearing slots 25.

[0025] A permanent magnet rotor flange 12A is mounted on the outer rotor shaft 6 at the right end of the right stator flange 11A. One end of the permanent magnet outer rotor 10 is mounted in the inner diameter opening of the permanent magnet outer rotor bearing 9, and the other end is fastened to the permanent magnet outer rotor flange 12A; the permanent magnet outer rotor bearing 9 is fastened to the inner diameter opening at the left end of the base 20.

[0026] The flange is set as follows: the center of the left stator flange 1A is provided with a left stator flange bolt hole 1B, the edge of the left stator flange 1A is provided with a left stator flange and a machine base bolt hole 27, the outer edge of the coil outer stator 8 is provided with a coil outer stator conductive plate fastening bolt hole 4B and a left flange and coil outer stator fastening bolt hole 22; the right side of the left stator flange 1A is fastened and sleeved in the inner diameter opening of the left end of the coil inner stator 5, and the left stator flange 1A is fastened with a fastening bolt 26 through the left stator flange bolt hole 1B and the left flange and coil outer stator fastening bolt hole 22. The fastening bolt 26 is fastened together with the left stator flange 1A and the machine base fastening bolt hole 21 on the machine base 20 through the left stator flange bolt hole 27, and the left stator flange 1A is fastened and installed on the machine base 20.

[0027] The center of the right stator flange 11A is provided with a right stator flange bolt hole 11B, and the left side of the right stator flange 11A is fastened and sleeved on the inner diameter opening of the right end of the coil inner stator 5. The right stator flange 11A is passed through the right stator flange bolt hole 11B to the fastening bolt hole at the right end of the outer coil stator 8 to fasten the two together. One end of the coil outer stator 8 is fastened to the left stator flange 1A to fix the inner and outer stators of the coil, and the other end is fastened and installed on the right stator flange 11A, which plays a supporting role.

[0028] The right end of the rotor shaft 6 is arranged on the rotor shaft support 17A, and the rotor shaft 6 passes through the stator 5 in the coil without contact.

[0029] Flange bearings 19 are respectively arranged and installed in the inner diameter openings of the axially protruding ports on the outer sides of the left stator flange 1A and the right stator flange 11A.

[0030] The permanent magnet rotor flange 12A is provided with a permanent magnet outer rotor flange bolt hole 12B and a permanent magnet rotor flange keyway 16; the rotor shaft 6 is arranged in the flange bearing 19, the permanent magnet outer rotor flange 12A, the permanent magnet magnetic suspension inner sleeve 14B, and the rotor shaft support bearing 15A. The permanent magnet rotor flange 12A and the permanent magnet outer rotor 10 are fastened by bolts through the permanent magnet outer rotor flange bolt hole 12B, and the permanent magnet rotor flange 12A is fastened by the permanent magnet rotor flange key 13 and embedded between the rotor shaft keyway 23 and the permanent magnet rotor flange keyway 16.

[0031] Figure 5 As shown, the enameled copper wires in each conductor of the inner stator and the outer stator of the coil are connected to form an inner and outer winding coil series circuit, one inner and one outer. The coil can be made into N turns and N groups according to power requirements.

[0032] The permanent magnet inner rotor 7 and the permanent magnet outer rotor 10 are both round steel barrels made of concentric ferromagnetic materials. The inner rotor outer diameter is fitted with a permanent magnet barrel, and the outer rotor inner diameter is fitted with a permanent magnet barrel. The permanent magnet inner rotor is magnetized to the S pole or N pole, and the permanent magnet outer rotor side is magnetized to the N pole or S pole.

[0033] Each enameled copper wire of the inner stator 5 and the outer stator 8 of the coil is connected to form an inner and outer winding coil series loop circuit. The inner and outer stators of the coil are single turns, and copper bolts are fastened through the bolt holes 4A of the inner stator conductive plate of the coil and the bolt holes 4B of the outer stator conductive plate of the coil. The inner and outer stators of the coil are connected to form a series circuit with a conductive plate 18, which is suitable for low voltage and high current. If the coil adopts multiple turns, it is suitable for high voltage and low current.

[0034] The permanent magnet outer rotor is composed of a cylinder made of permanent magnet material set in the inner cavity of an axial concentric steel barrel. After magnetization, the inner cavity forms a single S pole or N pole. The permanent magnet inner rotor is composed of a cylinder made of permanent magnet material set in the outer diameter of an axial concentric steel barrel. After magnetization, the outer diameter forms a single N pole or S pole. The two rotors are mutually attractive magnetic fields. When subjected to the electromagnetic torque of the energized wire, they rotate together. The inner diameter of the coil inner stator is made of concentric round steel barrels, the middle is made of concentric wedge-shaped copper bars that are insulated, and the outer diameter is made of two concentric semicircular steel barrels. The coil outer stator is an axial concentric squirrel cage barrel made of N enameled copper wires, long straight copper wires that are insulated from each other, and a non-magnetic, non-conductive, high-temperature resistant polymer composite material (or other materials).

[0035] The assembly process of the present invention is as follows: the coil inner stator 5 is arranged in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet inner rotor 7, the coil inner stator bearing 2 is installed at the outer diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner stator 5, and the coil inner stator bearing retaining spring 23 is clamped into the coil inner stator bearing clamping groove 25 to clamp it, the inner diameter openings at both ends of the permanent magnet inner rotor 7 are sleeved on the bearing, the permanent magnet inner rotor 7 is arranged in the inner cavity of the coil outer stator 8, the coil outer stator 8 is arranged in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet outer rotor 10, the permanent magnet outer rotor bearing 9 is fastened and installed at the inner diameter opening at the left end of the base 20, the permanent magnet outer rotor 10 is arranged in the inner cavity of the base 20, and the left end of the permanent magnet outer rotor 10 is sleeved on the inner diameter opening of the permanent magnet outer rotor bearing 9. Figure 5 As shown; each enameled copper wire of the inner stator 5 and the outer stator 8 of the coil is connected in series by a conductive plate 18 through the inner and outer stator bolt holes 4A and 4B to form a series loop circuit of an inner and outer winding coil.

[0036] The left end of the rotor shaft 6 is fitted with a flange bearing 19, and the left coil stator flange 1A is fitted on the bearing. The fastening bolts 26 pass through the flange and outer coil stator bolt holes 1B to the coil outer stator and flange fastening bolt holes 22 for fastening. The fastening bolts 26 pass through the flange and coil outer stator bolt holes 27 to the left stator flange and base fastening bolt holes 21 to fasten it on the base 20.

[0037] The right end of the rotor shaft 6 is fitted with a flange bearing 19, and the right inner diameter opening of the right stator flange 11A is fitted with the bearing and fixed with a retaining spring, and the left outer diameter opening is fastened and fitted into the right inner diameter opening of the inner coil stator 5, and a fastening bolt 26 is used to pass through the bolt hole 11B of the coil inner stator flange to the right side of the coil outer stator 8 and the flange fastening bolt hole 22 to fasten the coil outer stator 8 and the right stator flange 11A together.

[0038] The permanent magnet outer rotor flange 12A is sleeved on the right side of the right stator flange 11A, the permanent magnet outer rotor flange key 13 is fastened and embedded in the rotor shaft keyway 24 and the permanent magnet outer rotor flange keyway 16, the fastening bolts 26 pass through the permanent magnet outer rotor bolt hole 12B on the disk to the fastening bolt hole at the right end of the permanent magnet outer rotor 10 to fasten the permanent magnet outer rotor 10 and the permanent magnet outer rotor flange 12A together, the permanent magnet magnetic suspension jacket 14A and the rotor shaft support bearing 15A are fastened and sleeved in the rotor shaft support bearing seat 15B on the rotor shaft support 17A, the right end of the rotor shaft is fastened with the permanent magnet magnetic suspension inner sleeve 14B of the same polarity, and is sleeved in the rotor shaft support bearing 15A and the permanent magnet magnetic suspension jacket 14A.

[0039] The rotor shaft support 17A and the right end of the machine base 20 are fastened together by fastening bolts 26 through the rotor shaft support bolt hole 17B and the fastening bolt hole on the right end of the machine base. Finally, the bearing end cover 28 is covered, and the positive and negative poles of the power supply are introduced into the motor from the power supply wiring hole 29.

[0040] In the application of small power permanent magnet DC motor, when the outer rotor is a permanent magnet rotor, the permanent magnet inner rotor can also be a rotor made of high magnetic permeability material; when the permanent magnet inner rotor is made of permanent magnet material, the permanent magnet outer rotor can also be a rotor made of high magnetic permeability material.

[0041] In this embodiment, the rotor shaft 6 and the inner cavity center of the stator 5 in the coil maintain a circumferential gap of 10 mm, and the rotor shaft 6 and the stator 5 in the coil maintain a circumferential gap of 5 mm.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] The present invention is designed based on the fact that a current-carrying conductor will be subjected to force in a magnetic field. The technical parameters of the inner and outer stators of the coil of the present invention are listed as follows: the radial diameter of the two ends of the outer stator (8) of the coil is 400 mm, and its circumference is 1256 mm. 66 wires of 19 mm each can be arranged axially. The effective axial length of the wire in the magnetic field is 1000 mm, and the wire diameter is 70 mm. 2 The diameter of the wedge-shaped copper conductor of the stator (5) in the coil is 70 mm. 2 , which only conducts current. To reduce resistance loss, its wire diameter can be increased. The wire diameter of the conductive plate (18) is 70 mm. 2, length is 100mm, the magnetic induction intensity of the permanent magnet inner and outer rotors is 0.3 Tesla. The total length of the wire through the inner and outer stators of the coil and the conductive plate is 145.2 meters, and its resistance is 0.0363 ohms (at 20°C). If 200A current passes through, the voltage is 7.26V, and the electric power is 1452W. The magnetic field force of each turn of the wire of the coil outer stator (8) in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet inner and outer rotors is; 1 meter × 200A × 0.3 Tesla = 60 Newtons, 66 turns × 60 Newtons / turn = 3960 Newtons, so the torque of the rotor shaft (6) is 3960 Newtons × 0.2 meters = 792 Newton meters.

[0044] To summarize the above, the present invention makes full use of permanent magnetic energy and consumes little power. It only has the resistance loss of the wire. When the electric power remains unchanged, when the magnetic induction intensity of the permanent magnetic inner and outer rotors doubles, the torque of the rotor shaft doubles. Because it is brushless and commutation-free, the current and speed change response is fast, and it can run at ultra-high speed. In practical applications, it has strong anti-stalling ability. When the wire is at rated current, the rotor speed decreases or stops, and the motor will not be heated and burned.

Claims

1. A variable current and variable speed brushless non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor, comprising a base, a permanent magnet inner rotor, a permanent magnet outer rotor, a coil inner stator, and a coil outer stator, wherein the coil inner stator is arranged in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet inner rotor, the permanent magnet inner rotor is arranged in the inner cavity of the coil outer stator, the coil outer stator is arranged in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet outer rotor, and the permanent magnet outer rotor is arranged in the inner cavity of the base, characterized in that: The coil inner stator (5) is provided with a rotor shaft (6), the right end of the rotor shaft (6) is provided with a rotor shaft support bearing (15A) and a permanent magnetic suspension inner sleeve (14B) and a permanent magnetic suspension outer sleeve (14A) of the same polarity, the permanent magnetic suspension inner sleeve (14B) being sleeved in the permanent magnetic suspension outer sleeve (14A), the coil inner stator permanent magnetic suspension inner sleeve (3A) being fastened and sleeved in the outer diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner stator (5), the coil inner stator permanent magnetic suspension outer sleeve (3B) of the same polarity as the permanent magnetic inner rotor (7) being fastened and sleeved in the inner diameter openings at both ends of the permanent magnetic inner rotor (7), and the coil inner stator permanent magnetic suspension inner sleeve (3A) being located in the coil inner stator permanent magnetic suspension outer sleeve (3B); Each enameled copper wire of the inner stator (5) and the outer stator (8) of the coil is connected to form an inner and outer winding coil series loop circuit; the inner and outer stators of the coil are single-turn, and copper bolts are passed through the inner stator conductive plate fastening bolt holes (4A) of the coil and the outer stator conductive plate fastening bolt holes (4B) of the coil, and the inner and outer stators of the coil are connected to form a series circuit using a conductive plate (18).

2. The variable speed brushless non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner stator (5) are fastened with a left stator flange (1A) and a right stator flange (11A). The left stator flange (1A) and the right stator flange (11A) have axially protruding ports inside and outside the inner diameter circles. The two ends of the rotor shaft (6) are respectively fastened with flange bearings (19). The two ends of the coil inner stator (5) and the permanent magnet inner rotor (7) are respectively fastened with coil inner stator bearings (2).

3. The variable speed brushless non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both ends of the coil inner stator (5) are respectively provided with coil inner stator bearing clamping grooves (25).

4. A variable current and variable speed brushless non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that: A permanent magnet rotor flange (12A) is mounted on the outer rotor shaft (6) at the right end of the right stator flange (11A); one end of the permanent magnet outer rotor (10) is mounted in the inner diameter opening of the permanent magnet outer rotor bearing (9), and the other end is fixedly mounted on the permanent magnet outer rotor flange (12A); the permanent magnet outer rotor bearing (9) is fixedly mounted at the inner diameter opening at the left end of the machine base (20).

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