A straw crushing and returning device

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw crushing and returning device to the field, which belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and includes a frame, a straw crushing body, a walking device, a ditching device and a soil covering and pressing device, wherein the main crushing roller is located at the upper right of the picking roller, the auxiliary crushing roller is located at the upper left of the main crushing roller, the first straw transfer roller is located between the picking roller, the main crushing roller and the auxiliary crushing roller, the second straw transfer roller is located at the left position of the auxiliary crushing roller above the main crushing roller, and the shell outlet is arranged at the lower right position of the main crushing roller. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the auxiliary crushing roller is designed at the upper right corner of the main crushing roller, and part of the straw is transferred to the auxiliary crushing roller by two straw transfer rollers for deep crushing, which can extend the crushing time of the straw from the shell inlet to the shell outlet, thereby achieving full crushing of the straw, so that the straw formed at the shell outlet is finer and more uniform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a straw crushing and returning device to the field. Background Art

[0002] Returning straw to the fields has many advantages, such as improving soil structure, increasing soil organic matter, improving soil fertility, and eliminating air pollution caused by straw burning. It has gradually become popular and has produced good economic, ecological and social benefits.

[0003] At present, the main way to return corn straw to the field in the dryland areas of northern my country is that corn harvesters crush the straw and scatter it on the surface while harvesting corn ears, and then use rotary tillage machinery to plow it into the soil in the later stage, in order to achieve the purpose of straw rotting and decomposition. This is the simplest method of returning straw to the field at present, and it is also the model that is vigorously promoted and applied in various places. However, due to the limitations of operation time and working conditions, mainstream corn harvesters focus on high-speed and efficient picking of corn ears from design to operation, and the crushing of straw cannot really meet the requirements of returning straw to the field. Its main manifestations are: 1. The crushed straw is too long (4 to 10 cm), too thick, and scattered in a concentrated manner. During the later rotary tillage, the concentrated and thick straw cannot be turned into the soil and cannot be raked, affecting the quality of land preparation; 2. During sowing, the straw hinders sowing, resulting in missing seedlings and broken ridges; 3. The straw that is too long and too thick cannot rot for a long time, causing the soil to be suspended, hindering the upward transmission of deep soil water, and affecting the emergence or growth of seedlings.

[0004] For example, the utility model patent with announcement number CN2879635Y discloses a double-side drive corn stalk crushing and returning machine, including a power input shaft connected to a gearbox, the left and right ends of the gearbox drive shaft are respectively connected to the first transmission mechanism and the upper part of the second transmission mechanism, the left and right ends of the knife shaft are respectively connected to the lower part of the first transmission mechanism and the second transmission mechanism, the knife shaft is provided with a plurality of parallel arranged knife seats, the knife seats are equipped with straw crushing hammers and knives, the machine body is provided with a hood shell, and the left and right side plates are provided on both sides of the hood shell. It directly uses crushing hammers and knives to crush corn stalks on the ground. Although the structure is simple, the crushing effect is poor, and only the corn stalks on the surface can be preliminarily crushed.

[0005] Another example is the utility model patent with announcement number CN207054145U, which discloses a straw shredder returning machine to the field. The straw shredder returning machine to the field includes a frame, a picking part and a crushing part, both of which are arranged in the frame, wherein the picking part includes a picking knife shaft, a picking hammer claw arranged on the picking knife shaft, and a picking fixed knife group matched with the picking hammer claw, and the crushing part includes a crushing knife shaft, a crushing hammer piece arranged on the crushing knife shaft, and a crushing fixed knife group matched with the crushing hammer piece. Although the picking part and the crushing part both have certain crushing functions, which makes it have a better crushing effect than the existing crushing returning device, but because the picking part partially bears the crushing function, some straw on the ground cannot be picked up during the straw picking process, and a small amount of the picked straw will leak out from the entrance during the crushing process. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the problems of poor crushing effect, uneven scattering, and inability to crush and bury corn stalks in one step in the prior art corn stalk crushing and returning device, the present invention provides a straw crushing and returning device, including a frame, a straw crushing body, a walking device, a ditching device and a soil covering and pressing device, the frame including a rectangular frame body, a front support plate, a rear bracket and a traction bracket, the front support plate being fixedly mounted on the front end of the rectangular frame body, the rear bracket being fixedly mounted on the rear end of the rectangular frame body, the traction bracket including a first traction rod and two second traction rods located on both sides of the first traction rod; one end of two second traction rods is fixed to one end of the first traction rod, and the other end is fixed to the front support plate, and the other end of the first traction rod is fixed to the bracket rod on the upper side of the rectangular frame body; the straw crushing body is fixedly mounted inside the rectangular frame body on the frame, The walking device and the ditching device are fixedly installed below the rectangular frame body, and the soil covering and pressing device is fixedly installed below the rear bracket; the straw crushing body includes a shell, a picking roller, a main crushing roller, an auxiliary crushing roller, a first straw transfer roller and a second straw transfer roller; the shell is fixedly installed on the rectangular frame body, including a shell inlet and a shell outlet, the picking roller, the main crushing roller, the auxiliary crushing roller, the first straw transfer roller and the second straw transfer roller are located inside the shell, the picking roller is installed at the shell inlet, the main crushing roller is located at the upper right position of the picking roller, the auxiliary crushing roller is located at the upper left position of the main crushing roller, the first straw transfer roller is located between the picking roller, the main crushing roller and the auxiliary crushing roller, the second straw transfer roller is located above the main crushing roller and on the left side of the auxiliary crushing roller, and the shell outlet is set at the lower right position of the main crushing roller.

[0007] An auxiliary crushing roller is designed at the upper right corner of the main crushing roller. Part of the straw is transferred to the auxiliary crushing roller through two straw transfer rollers for deep crushing. The crushing time of the straw from the shell entrance to the shell exit can be extended, thereby achieving full crushing of the straw, and making the straw formed at the shell exit finer and more uniform; and because the auxiliary crushing roller is used as a loop with the main crushing roller, it has a stable straw storage function. When more ground straw is picked up, the straw is stored, and when less ground straw is picked up, the straw is released, so that the amount of straw thrown out from the shell outlet remains relatively stable, thereby achieving uniform straw throwing.

[0008] Furthermore, the straw crushing body also includes a double-roller crushing assembly, which is arranged on the right side of the main crushing roller, and a third straw transfer roller for transferring the straw on the main crushing roller to the double-roller crushing assembly is provided between the main crushing roller and the double-roller crushing assembly, and the third straw transfer roller is located at the upper right position of the main crushing roller.

[0009] The double-roller crushing assembly is used to crush the straw transferred from the main crushing roller again, making the thrown straw thinner and smaller, so that it can contact with the soil more fully, greatly shortening the straw decay time.

[0010] Furthermore, the double-roller crushing assembly consists of a first crushing roller and a second crushing roller which are arranged one above the other, and the second crushing roller is located at the outlet of the shell.

[0011] Furthermore, more than six rows of crushing monomers are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the main crushing roller, preferably twelve rows of crushing monomers, each row of crushing monomers is composed of more than three crushing monomers, and the distance between two adjacent crushing monomers in each row is equal.

[0012] Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent crushing monomers in each row of crushing monomers is L, and the distance between two closest crushing monomers on two adjacent rows of crushing monomers along the axial direction of the main crushing roller is L / 3.

[0013] Furthermore, the crushing monomer includes a monomer tool and a monomer tool holder; the monomer tool is an integrated structure, consisting of a transverse tool portion arranged laterally and a longitudinal tool portion located at both ends of the transverse tool portion, one end of the longitudinal tool portion is located at one end of the transverse tool portion, and the other end is fixedly mounted on the monomer tool holder, and the monomer tool holder is fixedly mounted on the circumferential surface of the main crushing roller.

[0014] Furthermore, the included angle between the transverse tool portion and the longitudinal tool portion is 90°.

[0015] Furthermore, the width m1 of the single tool is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the distance M between two adjacent rows of the crushing monomers, preferably 0.25; and the transverse tool portion and the longitudinal tool portion on the single tool both include a tool body portion and a blade portion, and the blade portion width m2 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the tool body portion width m3, preferably 0.3.

[0016] The crushing unit adopts a combination of transverse cutters and longitudinal cutters. The transverse cutter plays a major crushing role in the crushing process and bears most of the load brought by the straw crushing. Since both ends of the transverse cutter are fixed to the surface of the main crushing roller through longitudinal cutters, the load borne by the transverse cutter can be transferred to the surface of the main crushing roller along the longitudinal cutters at both ends, which greatly improves the uniformity of the overall force of the transverse cutter and effectively prevents the problem of deformation of the traditional crushing unit due to only one end being fixed.

[0017] Furthermore, a plurality of rows of picking grippers are fixedly mounted on the circumferential surface of the picking roller along the axial direction thereof, and the picking grippers on each row of picking grippers are evenly distributed along the circumference of the picking roller.

[0018] Furthermore, a conveying chain for conveying straw is provided on the circumferential surface of the picking roller, one end of the conveying chain is fixed at the bottom of the rectangular frame body, and the other end is connected to the shell outlet through the bottom of the main crushing roller and the bottom of the second crushing roller; a picking grab channel for the picking grab to pass through is provided on the conveying chain located at the circumferential surface of the picking roller.

[0019] Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent crushing monomers in each row of crushing monomers is L, and the length of each crushing monomer L0=(0.35-0.45)*L.

[0020] Furthermore, the pick-up grip section is a curve, with a straight line P between its free end and the center of the pick-up roller, a tangent K passing through its free end and the surface of the pick-up roller, and a tangent Q passing through the free end and the pick-up grip, wherein the angle between the straight line P and the tangent K is a, and the angle between the straight line P and the tangent Q is b, wherein a is <b<2a。

[0021] The shape of the picking grip is designed so that when picking up straw in front of the picking roller, its free end can exert a force on the straw to move it toward the picking roller, thereby attaching the straw to the picking roller until it is transferred from the first straw transfer roller to the main crushing roller.

[0022] Furthermore, the surface of the auxiliary crushing roller is a serrated beater, and the housing is provided with two or more strip-shaped saw teeth at the upper left corner of the auxiliary crushing roller for cooperating with the auxiliary crushing roller for crushing. The circumferential surfaces of the first straw transfer roller, the second straw transfer roller and the third straw transfer roller are uniformly distributed with transfer grippers for transferring straw.

[0023] Furthermore, the furrowing device includes a moldboard plow body, an upper and lower rotation control component for controlling the rotational movement of the moldboard plow body in the horizontal direction, and a horizontal rotation control component for controlling the rotational movement of the moldboard plow body in the vertical direction. A plow leg for installing the furrowing device is provided under the frame, and the furrowing device is installed under the plow leg.

[0024] Furthermore, the up-down rotation control assembly is installed on the plow leg through the horizontal rotation control assembly, and the moldboard plow body is installed on the horizontal rotation control assembly through the up-down rotation control assembly. The up-down rotation control assembly and the horizontal rotation control assembly are arranged on the furrowing device, and the width and depth of the tillage of the same tillage machine are adjusted by controlling the left-right swing and the up-down swing of the moldboard plow body to adapt to the tillage needs of different soils and crops.

[0025] Furthermore, the up and down rotation control assembly includes a plow body mounting seat, a horizontal rotation rod and a coil spring nested on the outer circumference of the horizontal rotation rod, two thrust rods for applying thrust to the back of the moldboard plow body and being axially symmetrical are provided at both ends of the coil spring, the plow body mounting seat is fixedly mounted on the back of the moldboard plow body, the horizontal rotation rod is mounted on the plow body mounting seat and can rotate along the axis direction of the horizontal rotation rod, and the horizontal rotation rod is fixedly mounted on the horizontal rotation control assembly.

[0026] The restoring force of the coil spring acts on the thrust rod to apply thrust to the back of the moldboard plow body, and offsets the thrust applied to the moldboard plow body by the soil during tillage, thereby realizing land leveling operation. When the force applied by the soil to the moldboard plow body suddenly increases, that is, when encountering an obstacle, the moldboard plow body rotates clockwise and passes over the upper surface of the obstacle. When the thrust applied by the obstacle disappears, the moldboard plow body rotates counterclockwise under the action of the restoring force of the coil spring to return to the normal tillage position, so that the lower end of the moldboard plow body can pass the obstacle and continue tilling.

[0027] Furthermore, the thrust rod is located below the horizontal rotating rod, and a concave sliding groove for sliding the end of the thrust rod is provided at a position on the back of the moldboard plough body corresponding to the thrust rod.

[0028] A sliding groove is set on the back of the moldboard plough body, and its bottom contour is the same as the end trajectory of the thrust rod when it rotates, so that the thrust rod slides inside the sliding groove, which can effectively prevent the thrust rod from sliding out of the back of the moldboard plough or sliding too far to recover.

[0029] Furthermore, a horizontal raised bar is provided in the sliding groove, and the outer contour of the raised bar is curved. When the moldboard plow body is working normally, the bottom end of the thrust rod is just located above the raised bar, and the raised bar plays a role in preventing the thrust rod from moving down further. When encountering an obstacle, the bottom end of the thrust rod will pass over the raised bar and enter the sliding groove below the raised bar. At this time, the moldboard plow will move clockwise. Similarly, after passing over the obstacle, the bottom end of the thrust rod will return to the position above the raised bar under the restoring force of the coil spring.

[0030] Furthermore, in the plane S that passes through the top straight line of the raised horizontal bar and is perpendicular to the sliding groove, the distance L1 between the straight line above the intersection of the raised horizontal bar and the sliding groove and the plane S is smaller than the distance L2 between the straight line below the intersection of the raised horizontal bar and the sliding groove and the plane S. In this way, the blocking effect of the upper surface of the raised horizontal bar on the thrust rod is much greater than that of the lower surface, so that the bottom end of the thrust rod has the characteristics of being difficult to slide under the raised horizontal bar but easy to slide from the lower side of the raised horizontal bar to the upper side of the raised horizontal bar.

[0031] Furthermore, a distance L1 between a straight line above the intersection of the raised horizontal bar and the sliding groove and the plane S is 1 / 2 of a distance L2 between a straight line below the intersection of the raised horizontal bar and the sliding groove and the plane S.

[0032] Furthermore, thrust sliders are fixedly mounted at the ends of the two thrust rods, and the lower ends of the thrust rods are planes perpendicular to the sliding grooves. The thrust sliders are arranged at the ends of the thrust rods, and the outer contour of the thrust sliders matches the inner contour of the sliding grooves, which can greatly improve the stability of the thrust rods in controlling the rotation of the moldboard plough, and make the cooperation between the two thrust rods more coordinated.

[0033] Furthermore, the horizontal rotation control assembly includes a latch rod and a rod sleeve, the latch rod is fixedly installed in the middle of the horizontal rotation rod and is perpendicular to the horizontal rotation rod, the outer side of the rod sleeve is fixedly installed on the bottom side of the plow leg, and the latch rod is nested inside the rod sleeve.

[0034] Furthermore, the latch rod is provided with a through hole whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of the latch rod, and mounting holes matching the through hole are provided on both sides of the rod sleeve, and the through hole on the latch rod is fixedly mounted on the mounting hole by a latch. In the operation process, multiple through holes with different heights can be provided on the latch rod, so that different through holes can be adjusted to the same mounting hole to adjust the height of the moldboard plow body, thereby controlling the tillage depth; and by controlling the angle between the through hole direction and the length direction of the horizontal rotating rod, the left and right swing of the moldboard plow body can be adjusted.

[0035] Furthermore, a limiting bracket for limiting the tillage depth of the moldboard plow body is fixedly installed on the side of the bottom end of the plow leg away from the moldboard plow body.

[0036] Furthermore, the soil covering and suppressing device includes a suppressing wheel, a suppressing wheel mounting frame and a pressure control component, the suppressing wheel center is fixedly mounted on the frame through the suppressing wheel mounting frame, the suppressing wheel mounting frame includes an adjusting rod, a mounting rod and an adjusting rod mounting sleeve, the adjusting rod mounting sleeve fixes the adjusting rod on the frame, the adjusting rod mounting sleeve includes a frame connecting sleeve for connecting the frame and an adjusting rod connecting sleeve for connecting the adjusting rod, the frame connecting sleeve and the adjusting rod connecting sleeve are both hollow rectangular structures, and the length direction of the frame connecting sleeve is perpendicular to the length direction of the adjusting rod connecting sleeve, the frame connecting sleeve is provided with a first screw and nut assembly for fixing the frame connecting sleeve on the frame, and a through hole for the first screw and nut assembly to pass through is provided at a corresponding position on the frame.

[0037] Furthermore, an adjusting rod connecting edge is provided on the side of the adjusting rod connecting sleeve away from the frame connecting sleeve, and a second screw and nut assembly for fastening the adjusting rod connecting sleeve to the adjusting rod is installed on the adjusting rod connecting edge, and a through hole for the second screw and nut assembly to pass through is provided at a corresponding position on the adjusting rod connecting edge.

[0038] Furthermore, one end of the mounting rod is mounted on the adjusting rod via a first rotating shaft, and the other end is mounted at the center position of the pressing wheel via a second rotating shaft.

[0039] Furthermore, the pressure control assembly includes a pressure rod, a pressure spring and a pressure adjustment assembly, the pressure rod is installed on the frame, the pressure spring is installed at a position below the frame in the circumferential direction of the pressure rod, and the lower end of the pressure rod is fixedly mounted on the mounting rod via a third rotating axis.

[0040] Furthermore, the pressure regulating assembly is sleeved on the pressure rod and is located above the frame. An internal thread is provided on the inner circumference of the pressure regulating assembly, and an external thread matching the internal thread is provided at a corresponding position on the pressure rod. When in use, the pressure regulating assembly can be rotated to be in different positions of the pressure rod, thereby increasing or decreasing the length of the pressure rod below the frame, thereby adjusting the height of the mounting rod, and the pressure spring can apply downward pressure to the mounting rod, thereby achieving the purpose of suppression.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] (1) An auxiliary crushing roller is designed at the upper right corner of the main crushing roller. Two straw transfer rollers are used to transfer part of the straw to the auxiliary crushing roller for deep crushing, which can extend the crushing time of the straw from the shell entrance to the shell exit, thereby achieving full crushing of the straw, making the straw formed at the shell exit smaller and more uniform; and because the auxiliary crushing roller is used as a loop to form a loop with the main crushing roller, it has a stable straw storage function. When more ground straw is picked up, the straw is stored, and when less ground straw is picked up, the straw is released, so that the amount of straw thrown out from the shell exit remains relatively stable, achieving uniform straw throwing;

[0043] (2) A double-roll crushing assembly is used to crush the straw transferred from the main crushing roller again, so that the thrown straw is finer and smaller, so that it can contact the soil more fully, greatly shortening the straw decay time;

[0044] (3) The crushing unit adopts a combination of a transverse cutter and a longitudinal cutter. The transverse cutter plays a major role in the crushing process and bears most of the load caused by the crushing of the straw. Since both ends of the transverse cutter are fixed to the surface of the main crushing roller through the longitudinal cutter, the load borne by the transverse cutter can be transferred to the surface of the main crushing roller along the longitudinal cutters at both ends, which greatly improves the uniformity of the overall force of the transverse cutter and effectively prevents the problem of deformation of the traditional crushing unit due to only one end being fixed;

[0045] (4) The shape of the picking grip is designed so that when it picks up straw in front of the picking roller, its free end can exert a force on the straw to move it toward the picking roller, thereby attaching the straw to the picking roller until it is transferred from the first straw transfer roller to the main crushing roller. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 This is the overall structure diagram of a preferred straw crushing and returning device to the field according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic top view of a preferred frame of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a preferred left side view of the frame of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a preferred main crushing roller of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a preferred pulverized monomer of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a preferred pickup roller of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a side structural diagram of a preferred pickup roller of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 This is a side structural diagram of a preferred trenching device of the present invention;

[0054] Fig. 9 This is a rear structural diagram of a preferred trenching device of the present invention;

[0055] Fig.10 This is a structural diagram of a preferred thrust rod and a sliding groove of the present invention;

[0056] Fig.11 This is a structural diagram of a preferred raised horizontal strip of the present invention;

[0057] Fig.12 This is a front view of a preferred adjusting rod mounting sleeve of the present invention;

[0058] Fig.13 A top view of a preferred adjusting rod mounting sleeve of the present invention;

[0059] Fig.14 This is a structural diagram of a preferred transmission system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0061] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the straw crushing and returning device to the field includes a frame 1, a straw crushing body 2, a walking device 3, a ditching device 4 and a soil covering and pressing device 5. The frame 1 includes a rectangular frame body 11, a front support plate 12, a rear bracket 13 and a traction bracket 14. The front support plate 12 is fixedly installed at the front end of the rectangular frame body 11, the rear bracket 13 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the rectangular frame body 11, and the traction bracket 14 includes a first traction rod 141 and two second traction rods 14 located on both sides of the first traction rod 141. 2; one end of the two second traction rods 142 is fixed to one end of the first traction rod 141, and the other end is fixed to the front support plate 12, and the other end of the first traction rod 141 is fixed to the bracket rod 111 on the upper side of the rectangular frame body 11; the straw crushing body 2 is fixedly installed inside the rectangular frame body 11 on the frame 1, the walking device 3 and the ditching device 4 are fixedly installed below the rectangular frame body 11, and the soil covering and suppressing device 5 is fixedly installed below the rear bracket 13.

[0062] The straw crushing body 2 includes a shell 21, a picking roller 22, a main crushing roller 23, an auxiliary crushing roller 24, a first straw transfer roller 25 and a second straw transfer roller 26; the shell 21 is fixedly installed on the rectangular frame body 11, and includes a shell inlet 211 and a shell outlet 212. The picking roller 22, the main crushing roller 23, the auxiliary crushing roller 24, the first straw transfer roller 25 and the second straw transfer roller 26 are located inside the shell 21. The picking roller 22 is installed at the shell inlet 211. The main crushing roller 23 is located at the upper right position of the picking roller 22. The auxiliary crushing roller 24 is located at the upper left position of the main crushing roller 23. The first straw transfer roller 25 is located between the picking roller 22, the main crushing roller 23 and the auxiliary crushing roller 24. The second straw transfer roller 26 is located above the main crushing roller 23 and on the left side of the auxiliary crushing roller 24. The shell 21 outlet is set at the lower right position of the main crushing roller 23. An auxiliary crushing roller is designed at the upper right corner of the main crushing roller. Part of the straw is transferred to the auxiliary crushing roller through two straw transfer rollers for deep crushing. The crushing time of the straw from the shell entrance to the shell exit can be extended, thereby achieving full crushing of the straw, and making the straw formed at the shell exit finer and more uniform; and because the auxiliary crushing roller is used as a loop with the main crushing roller, it has a stable straw storage function. When more ground straw is picked up, the straw is stored, and when less ground straw is picked up, the straw is released, so that the amount of straw thrown out from the shell outlet remains relatively stable, thereby achieving uniform straw throwing.

[0063] The straw crushing body 2 also includes a double roller crushing assembly 27, which is arranged at the right side of the main crushing roller 23, and a third straw transfer roller 28 for transferring the straw on the main crushing roller 23 to the double roller crushing assembly 27 is arranged between the main crushing roller 23 and the double roller crushing assembly 27, and the third straw transfer roller 28 is located at the upper right position of the main crushing roller 23. The double roller crushing assembly is used to crush the straw transferred from the main crushing roller again, so that the thrown straw is finer and smaller, so that it can contact with the soil more fully, greatly shortening the straw decay time. The double roller crushing assembly 27 is composed of a first crushing roller 271 and a second crushing roller 272 arranged up and down, and the second crushing roller 272 is located at the exit position of the shell 21.

[0064] See also Figure 4 The main crushing roller 23 is evenly distributed with more than six rows of crushing monomers 231 in the circumferential direction, preferably twelve rows of crushing monomers 231, each row of crushing monomers 231 is composed of more than three crushing monomers 231, and the distance between two adjacent crushing monomers 231 in each row of crushing monomers 231 is equal. The distance between two adjacent crushing monomers 231 in each row of crushing monomers 231 is L, and the distance between two closest crushing monomers 231 on two adjacent rows of crushing monomers 231 along the axial direction of the main crushing roller 23 is L / 3.

[0065] See also Figure 5 The crushing monomer 231 includes a monomer tool 232 and a monomer tool holder 233; the monomer tool 232 is an integrated structure, consisting of a transverse tool portion 234 arranged laterally and a longitudinal tool portion 235 located at both ends of the transverse tool portion 234, one end of the longitudinal tool portion 235 is located at one end of the transverse tool portion 234, and the other end is fixedly mounted on the monomer tool holder 233, and the monomer tool holder 233 is fixedly mounted on the circumferential surface of the main crushing roller 23.

[0066] The included angle between the transverse cutter part 234 and the longitudinal cutter part 235 is 90°. The width m1 of the single cutter 232 is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the distance M between two adjacent rows of the crushing units 231, preferably 0.25. And both the transverse cutter part 234 and the longitudinal cutter part 234 on the single cutter 232 include a cutter main body part 236 and a cutter edge part 237. The width m2 of the cutter edge part 237 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the width m3 of the cutter main body part 236, preferably 0.3. The crushing unit uses the cooperation of the transverse cutter and the longitudinal cutter. The transverse cutter plays a major role in the crushing process and bears most of the load brought by the straw crushing. Since both ends of the transverse cutter are fixed on the surface of the main crushing roller through the longitudinal cutter, the load borne by the transverse cutter can be transmitted to the surface of the main crushing roller along the longitudinal cutters at both ends, greatly improving the uniformity of the overall force on the transverse cutter and effectively preventing the problem of easy deformation of the single body in the traditional crushing unit due to only one end being fixed.

[0067] See Figure 6 and Figure 7 On the circumferential surface of the pickup roller 22, several rows of pickup claws 221 are fixedly installed along the axial direction. The pickup claws 221 in each row of pickup claws 221 are evenly distributed on the pickup roller 22 in the circumferential direction. A conveying chain 222 for conveying straw is arranged on the circumferential surface of the pickup roller 22. One end of the conveying chain 222 is fixed to the bottom of the cuboid frame body 11, and the other end is connected to the housing outlet 212 through below the main crushing roller 23 and below the second crushing roller 272. A pickup claw passage 223 for the pickup claws 221 to pass through is arranged on the conveying chain 222 at the position of the circumferential surface of the pickup roller 22.

[0068] The distance between two adjacent crushing units 231 in each row of crushing units 231 is L, and the length L0 of each crushing unit 231 = (0.35 - 0.45) * L.

[0069] The cross-section of the pickup claw 221 is a curve. The straight line P passing through the free end point of the pickup claw 221 and the center of the pickup roller 22, the tangent line K passing through the free end point of the pickup claw 221 and the surface of the pickup roller 22, and the tangent line Q passing through the free end point and the pickup claw 221. The included angle between the straight line P and the tangent line K is a, and the included angle between the straight line P and the tangent line Q is b, where a < b < 2a. By designing the shape of the pickup claw, when it picks up straw in front of the pickup roller, its free end can apply a force to make the straw move closer to the inside of the pickup roller, so as to attach the straw to the pickup roller until it is transferred from the first straw transfer roller to the main crushing roller.

[0070] The surface of the auxiliary crushing roller 24 is a serrated beater 241, and the housing 21 is provided with two or more strip-shaped saw teeth 242 at the upper left corner of the auxiliary crushing roller 24 for cooperating with the auxiliary crushing roller 24 for crushing. The circumferential surfaces of the first straw transfer roller 25, the second straw transfer roller 26 and the third straw transfer roller 28 are uniformly distributed with transfer grippers 251 for transferring straw.

[0071] See also Figure 8 The furrowing device 4 includes a moldboard plow body 41, an up and down rotation control component 42 for controlling the moldboard plow body 41 to rotate in the horizontal direction, and a horizontal rotation control component 43 for controlling the moldboard plow body 41 to rotate in the vertical direction. A plow leg 112 for installing the furrowing device 4 is provided under the frame 1, and the furrowing device 4 is installed under the plow leg 112.

[0072] The up-down rotation control assembly 42 is mounted on the plow leg 112 through the horizontal rotation control assembly 43, and the moldboard plow body 41 is mounted on the horizontal rotation control assembly 43 through the up-down rotation control assembly 42. The up-down rotation control assembly and the horizontal rotation control assembly are arranged on the furrowing device, and the width and depth of the tillage of the same tillage machine are adjusted by controlling the left-right swing and the up-down swing of the moldboard plow body to meet the tillage needs of different soils and crops.

[0073] See also Fig. 9 The up and down rotation control assembly 42 includes a plow body mounting seat 421, a horizontal rotation rod 422 and a coil spring 423 nested on the outer circumference of the horizontal rotation rod 422, and two thrust rods 424 for applying thrust to the back of the moldboard plow body 41 and being axially symmetrical are arranged at both ends of the coil spring 423. The plow body mounting seat 421 is fixedly mounted on the back of the moldboard plow body 41, the horizontal rotation rod 422 is mounted on the plow body mounting seat 421 and can rotate along the axis direction of the horizontal rotation rod 422, and the horizontal rotation rod 422 is fixedly mounted on the horizontal rotation control assembly 43. The restoring force of the coil spring acts on the thrust rod to apply thrust to the back of the moldboard plow body, and offsets the thrust applied to the moldboard plow body by the soil during tillage, thereby realizing land leveling operation. When the force applied by the soil to the moldboard plow body suddenly increases, that is, when encountering an obstacle, the moldboard plow body rotates clockwise and passes over the upper surface of the obstacle. When the thrust applied by the obstacle disappears, the moldboard plow body rotates counterclockwise under the action of the restoring force of the coil spring to return to the normal tillage position, so that the lower end of the moldboard plow body can pass the obstacle and continue tilling.

[0074] The thrust rod 424 is located below the horizontal rotating rod 422, and a concave sliding groove 411 for sliding the end of the thrust rod 424 is provided at the back of the moldboard plough body 41 at a position corresponding to the thrust rod 424. The sliding groove is provided on the back of the moldboard plough body, and its bottom profile is the same as the end track of the thrust rod when rotating, so that the thrust rod slides inside the sliding groove, which can effectively prevent the thrust rod from sliding out of the back of the moldboard plough or sliding too far to be restored.

[0075] See also Fig.10 , a horizontal raised bar 412 is provided in the sliding groove 411, and the outer contour of the raised bar 412 is curved. The raised bar is provided inside the sliding groove, and when the moldboard plow body works normally, the bottom end of the thrust rod is just located above the raised bar, and the raised bar plays a role in preventing the thrust rod from moving down further. When encountering an obstacle, the bottom end of the thrust rod will pass over the raised bar and enter the sliding groove below the raised bar, and the moldboard plow will move clockwise. Similarly, after passing over the obstacle, the bottom end of the thrust rod will return to the position above the raised bar under the restoring force of the coil spring.

[0076] The plane S that passes through the top straight line of the raised horizontal bar 412 and is perpendicular to the sliding groove, the distance L1 between the straight line above the intersection of the raised horizontal bar 412 and the sliding groove 411 and the plane S is smaller than the distance L2 between the straight line below the intersection of the raised horizontal bar 412 and the sliding groove 411 and the plane S. In this way, the blocking effect of the upper surface of the raised horizontal bar 412 on the thrust rod is much greater than that of the lower surface, so that the bottom end of the thrust rod 424 has the characteristics of being difficult to slide under the raised horizontal bar 412 but easy to slide from the lower side of the raised horizontal bar 412 to the upper side of the raised horizontal bar 412.

[0077] See also Fig.11 The distance L1 between the straight line where the raised horizontal bar 412 intersects the sliding groove 411 and the plane S is 1 / 2 of the distance L2 between the straight line where the raised horizontal bar 412 intersects the sliding groove 411 and the plane S.

[0078] The ends of the two thrust rods 424 are fixedly mounted with thrust sliders 425, and the lower ends of the thrust rods 424 are planes perpendicular to the sliding grooves 411. The thrust sliders are arranged at the ends of the thrust rods, and the outer contour of the thrust sliders matches the inner contour of the sliding grooves, which can greatly improve the stability of the thrust rods in controlling the rotation of the moldboard plough, and make the cooperation between the two thrust rods more coordinated.

[0079] The horizontal rotation control assembly 43 includes a latch rod 431 and a rod sleeve 432. The latch rod 431 is fixedly installed in the middle of the horizontal rotation rod 422 and is perpendicular to the horizontal rotation rod 422. The outer side of the rod sleeve 432 is fixedly installed on the bottom side of the plow leg 112, and the latch rod 431 is nested inside the rod sleeve 432.

[0080] A through hole is provided inside the latch rod 431, and the axis thereof is perpendicular to the axis of the latch rod 431. Mounting holes 433 matching the through holes are provided on both sides of the rod sleeve 432. The through hole on the latch rod 431 is fixedly mounted on the mounting hole 433 by a latch. In the operation process, multiple through holes of different heights can be provided on the latch rod, so that different through holes can be adjusted to the same mounting hole to adjust the height of the moldboard plow body, thereby controlling the tillage depth; and by controlling the angle between the through hole direction and the length direction of the horizontal rotating rod, the left and right swing of the moldboard plow body can be adjusted.

[0081] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Fig.12 The soil covering and pressing device 5 includes a pressing wheel 51, a pressing wheel mounting frame 52 and a pressure control assembly 53. The center of the pressing wheel 51 is fixedly mounted on the frame 1 through the pressing wheel mounting frame 52. The pressing wheel mounting frame 52 includes an adjusting rod 521, a mounting rod 522 and an adjusting rod mounting sleeve 523. The adjusting rod mounting sleeve 523 fixes the adjusting rod 521 on the frame 1. Fig.13 The adjusting rod mounting sleeve 523 includes a frame connecting sleeve 524 for connecting the frame 1 and an adjusting rod connecting sleeve 525 for connecting the adjusting rod 521. The frame connecting sleeve 524 and the adjusting rod connecting sleeve 525 are both hollow rectangular structures, and the length direction of the frame connecting sleeve 524 is perpendicular to the length direction of the adjusting rod connecting sleeve 525. The frame connecting sleeve 524 is provided with a first screw and nut assembly 526 for fixing the frame connecting sleeve 524 on the frame 1, and a through hole for the first screw and nut assembly 526 to pass through is provided at a corresponding position on the frame 1.

[0082] An adjusting rod connecting sleeve 525 is provided with an adjusting rod connecting edge 527 on the side away from the frame connecting sleeve 524, and a second screw and nut assembly 528 for fastening the adjusting rod connecting sleeve 525 to the adjusting rod 521 is installed on the adjusting rod connecting edge 527, and a through hole for the second screw and nut assembly 528 to pass through is provided at a corresponding position on the adjusting rod connecting edge 527.

[0083] One end of the mounting rod 522 is mounted on the adjusting rod 521 via a first rotating shaft 529 , and the other end is mounted at the center of the pressing wheel 51 via a second rotating shaft 511 .

[0084] The pressure control assembly 53 includes a pressure rod 531, a pressure spring 532 and a pressure adjustment assembly 533. The pressure rod 531 is installed on the frame 1. The pressure spring 532 is installed below the frame 1 in the circumferential direction of the pressure rod 531. The lower end of the pressure rod 531 is fixedly mounted on the mounting rod 522 via a third rotating shaft 512.

[0085] The pressure regulating component 533 is sleeved on the pressure rod 531 and is located above the frame 1. The inner circumference of the pressure regulating component 53 is provided with an internal thread, and the corresponding position of the pressure rod 531 is provided with an external thread matching the internal thread. When in use, the pressure regulating component can be rotated to make it at different positions of the pressure rod, thereby increasing or decreasing the length of the pressure rod below the frame, thereby adjusting the height of the mounting rod, and the pressure spring can apply downward pressure to the mounting rod, thereby achieving the purpose of suppression.

[0086] See also Fig.14 The straw crushing and returning device also includes a transmission system, which includes a motor 61, a main crushing roller transmission wheel 62 for driving the main crushing roller, an auxiliary crushing roller transmission wheel 63 for driving the auxiliary crushing roller, a picking roller transmission wheel 64 for driving the picking roller, a first straw transfer roller transmission wheel 65 for driving the first straw transfer roller, a second straw transfer roller transmission wheel 66 for driving the second straw transfer roller, a third straw transfer roller transmission wheel 67 for driving the third straw transfer roller, a first crushing roller transmission wheel 68 for driving the first crushing roller, and a second crushing roller transmission wheel 69 for driving the second crushing roller. The motor 61 is fixedly installed on the frame 1, and a first bevel gear 611 is fixedly connected to the main shaft of the motor 61. The first bevel gear 611 is meshed with the second bevel gear 612 and the third bevel gear 613. And it drives the second bevel gear 612 and the third bevel gear 613 to rotate. The center of the second bevel gear 612 is fixedly installed on the first transmission shaft 70. The first transmission shaft 70 is also fixedly installed with a first transmission wheel 71 and a second transmission wheel 72. The first transmission wheel 71 and the picking roller transmission wheel 64 are driven by a belt, and the second transmission wheel 72 and the main crushing roller transmission wheel 62 are driven by a belt. The main crushing roller is also fixedly installed with a third transmission wheel 73 and a fourth transmission wheel 74. The third transmission wheel 73 and the second straw transfer roller transmission wheel 66 are driven by a belt, and the fourth transmission wheel 74 and the first crushing roller transmission wheel 68 are driven by a belt. The first crushing roller is also fixedly installed with a fifth transmission wheel 75. The fifth transmission wheel 75 and the second crushing roller transmission wheel 69 are gears, and the second crushing roller transmission wheel 69 is meshed with the fifth transmission wheel 75.

[0087] The center of the third bevel gear 613 is fixedly mounted on the second transmission shaft 76, and the sixth transmission wheel 77 is also fixedly mounted on the second transmission shaft 76. The sixth transmission wheel 77 and the auxiliary crushing roller transmission wheel 63 are driven by a belt. The auxiliary crushing roller is also fixedly mounted with a seventh transmission wheel 78 and an eighth transmission wheel 79. The seventh transmission wheel 78 and the first straw transfer roller transmission wheel 65 are driven by a belt, and the eighth transmission wheel 79 and the third straw transfer roller transmission wheel 67 are driven by a belt.

[0088] The above description shows and describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention. As mentioned above, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the invention concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge of the relevant field. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and should be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw crushing and returning device, characterized in that: The machine comprises a frame, a straw crushing body, a walking device, a ditching device and a soil covering and suppressing device, wherein the frame comprises a rectangular frame body, a front support plate, a rear bracket and a traction bracket, wherein the front support plate is fixedly mounted on the front end of the rectangular frame body, the rear bracket is fixedly mounted on the rear end of the rectangular frame body, the traction bracket comprises a first traction rod and two second traction rods located on both sides of the first traction rod; one end of the two second traction rods is fixed to one end of the first traction rod, and the other end is fixed to the front support plate, and the other end of the first traction rod is fixed to the bracket rod on the upper side of the rectangular frame body; the straw crushing body is fixedly mounted inside the rectangular frame body on the frame, the walking device and the ditching device are fixedly mounted below the rectangular frame body, The device is fixedly installed below the rear bracket; the straw crushing body includes a shell, a picking roller, a main crushing roller, an auxiliary crushing roller, a first straw transfer roller and a second straw transfer roller; the shell is fixedly installed on the rectangular parallelepiped frame body, including a shell inlet and a shell outlet, the picking roller, the main crushing roller, the auxiliary crushing roller, the first straw transfer roller and the second straw transfer roller are located inside the shell, the picking roller is installed at the shell inlet, the main crushing roller is located at the upper right position of the picking roller, the auxiliary crushing roller is located at the upper left position of the main crushing roller, the first straw transfer roller is located between the picking roller, the main crushing roller and the auxiliary crushing roller, the second straw transfer roller is located above the main crushing roller and at the left side of the auxiliary crushing roller, and the shell outlet is set at the lower right position of the main crushing roller; A plurality of rows of picking grippers are fixedly mounted on the circumferential surface of the picking roller along the axial direction thereof, and the picking grippers on each row of picking grippers are evenly distributed along the circumference of the picking roller; The straw crushing body also includes a double-roll crushing assembly, which is arranged at the right side of the main crushing roller, and a third straw transfer roller for transferring the straw on the main crushing roller to the double-roll crushing assembly is arranged between the main crushing roller and the double-roll crushing assembly, and the third straw transfer roller is located at the upper right position of the main crushing roller; The double-roller crushing assembly is composed of a first crushing roller and a second crushing roller arranged up and down, and the second crushing roller is located at the outlet of the shell; A conveyor chain for conveying straw is arranged on the circumferential surface of the picking roller, one end of the conveyor chain is fixed to the bottom of the rectangular frame body, and the other end is connected to the shell outlet through the bottom of the main crushing roller and the bottom of the second crushing roller; a picking grab channel for the picking grab to pass through is arranged on the conveyor chain located at the circumferential surface of the picking roller; The pick-up grip section is a curve, with the free end point and the straight line P where the center of the pick-up roller is located, the tangent line K passing through the free end point and the surface of the pick-up roller, and the tangent line Q passing through the free end point and the pick-up grip, where the angle between the straight line P and the tangent K is a, and the angle between the straight line P and the tangent Q is b, where a <b<2a; The surface of the auxiliary crushing roller is a sawtooth beater, and the shell is provided with more than two strip-shaped saw teeth at the upper left corner of the auxiliary crushing roller for cooperating with the auxiliary crushing roller for crushing.

2. A straw crushing and returning device to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: More than six rows of crushing monomers are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the main crushing roller, each row of crushing monomers is composed of more than three crushing monomers, and the distance between two adjacent crushing monomers in each row of crushing monomers is equal.

3. A straw crushing and returning device to the field according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent crushing monomers in each row of crushing monomers is L, and the distance between two closest crushing monomers on two adjacent rows of crushing monomers along the axial direction of the main crushing roller is L / 3.

4. The straw crushing and returning device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The crushing monomer includes a monomer tool and a monomer tool holder; the monomer tool is an integrated structure, consisting of a transverse tool portion arranged laterally and a longitudinal tool portion located at both ends of the transverse tool portion, one end of the longitudinal tool portion is located at one end of the transverse tool portion, and the other end is fixedly mounted on the monomer tool holder, and the monomer tool holder is fixedly mounted on the circumferential surface of the main crushing roller.

5. The straw crushing and returning device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The included angle between the transverse tool portion and the longitudinal tool portion is 90°.

6. The straw crushing and returning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The width m1 of the single tool is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the distance M between two adjacent rows of the crushing monomers; and the transverse tool portion and the longitudinal tool portion on the single tool both include a tool body portion and a blade portion, and the blade portion width m2 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the tool body portion width m3.

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