Litchi orchard mechanical cultivation method

Abstract

The invention provides a litchi orchard mechanical cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The method includes the following steps: mechanically clearing drybranches and fallen leaves in a litchi orchard from November to next January, setting soil improvement pits at different locations under canopy water drips of litchi plants at the setting frequency of1 pit per year per plant; filling soil improvement pits with the dry branches and fallen leaves and covering the pits with soil by 5-10 cm. With the increase of mechanical cultivation and the decay time of the dry branches and fallen leaves, the organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil increase gradually, the effect is significant, and the level increase effect is significant. The soil acidity is reduced; the soil water retention capacity is significantly improved, and no surface runoff phenomenon occurs in rainy seasons; disease and insect sources are reduced, andthe occurrence of pests and diseases is reduced; the orchard cultivation efficiency is improved. Compared with an artificial method, the method increases the efficiency by 20 times, and save the laborcost by 10 times. using the method of the invention, the efficiency is improved by 20 times compared with the manual method, and the labor cost can be saved 10 times.

Description

technical field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular relates to a litchi orchard mechanical cultivation method. Background technique

[0002] Litchi has strong adaptability to the soil. The hills and mountains in Maoming, red loam, yellow loam, purple soil, sandy loam, gravel soil, basalt, flat clay loam, alluvial soil, sandy soil by the river, etc. normal growth and fruiting. Due to the high terrain, thick soil layer and good drainage in mountains, hills and dry slopes, they generally lack organic matter and have low fertility. Deep soil improvement can improve soil structure and increase fertility. Various physical and chemical properties of soil such as drainage, Aeration, water retention, fertilizer retention, pH value and organic matter content, etc. have a great impact on the yield and quality of litchi, so no matter before or after planting, we must pay attention to improving the planting conditions of the o...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0030] In 2010 and 2014, a small excavator was used to clear the litchi garden in Guangzhou, and a soil improvement pit was dug under the same litchi tree drip line, and the soil improvement pit was about 1m away. 3 The litter, fallen leaves and weeds were filled into the soil improvement pit and covered with 5cm of soil. In January 2018, 50-70cm deep soil and the orchard ladder wall were excavated from this position (if the orchard is on flat ground, the uncultivated garden is selected, compared with ) each 2500g of soil was tested. The test results are: the organic matter content of the improved soil is 75.5g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.278%, the available phosphorus is 16.2mg / kg, the available potassium is 75.1mg / kg, and the soil pH value is 5.6; the organic matter content of the control soil The total nitrogen content is 16.3g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.084%, the available phosphorus is 3.7mg / kg, the available potassium is 46.6mg / kg, and the soil pH value ...

Embodiment 2

[0032] In 2011 and 2015, a small excavator was used to clear the litchi garden in Guangzhou, and a soil improvement pit was dug under the same litchi tree drip line, and the soil improvement pit was about 0.8m away. 3 The litter and weeds were filled into the soil improvement pit and covered with 5cm of soil. In January 2018, 50-70cm deep soil and 2500g of orchard ladder wall (control) soil were excavated from the soil improvement pit for testing. The test results are: the organic matter content of the improved soil is 34.2g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.152%, the available phosphorus is 12.9mg / kg, the available potassium is 44.4mg / kg, and the soil pH value is 5.6; the organic matter content of the control soil The total nitrogen content is 16.3g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.084%, the available phosphorus is 3.7mg / kg, the available potassium is 46.6mg / kg, and the soil pH value is 4.5. According to the soil nutrient grading standard of the second national soil cens...

Embodiment 3

[0034] In 2013 and 2017, a small excavator was used to dig a soil improvement pit under the drip line of the Litchi Garden in Guangzhou, and the soil improvement pit was approximately 1.2m away. 3The litter and weeds were filled into the soil improvement pit and covered with 5cm of soil. In January 2018, 2500g of soil at a depth of 50-70cm and 2500g of soil on the orchard ladder wall (control) were excavated for testing. The test results are: the organic matter content of the improved soil is 23.6g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.105%, the available phosphorus is 9.6mg / kg, the available potassium is 29.1mg / kg, and the soil pH value is 5.3; the organic matter content of the control soil The total nitrogen content is 16.3g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.084%, the available phosphorus is 3.7mg / kg, the available potassium is 46.6mg / kg, and the soil pH value is 4.5. According to the soil nutrient grading standard of the second national soil census, the soil after improveme...

technical field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular relates to a litchi orchard mechanical cultivation method. Background technique

[0002] Litchi has strong adaptability to the soil. The hills and mountains in Maoming, red loam, yellow loam, purple soil, sandy loam, gravel soil, basalt, flat clay loam, alluvial soil, sandy soil by the river, etc. normal growth and fruiting. Due to the high terrain, thick soil layer and good drainage in mountains, hills and dry slopes, they generally lack organic matter and have low fertility. Deep soil improvement can improve soil structure and increase fertility. Various physical and chemical properties of soil such as drainage, Aeration, water retention, fertilizer retention, pH value and organic matter content, etc. have a great impact on the yield and quality of litchi, so no matter before or after planting, we must pay attention to improving the planting conditions of the o...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0030] In 2010 and 2014, a small excavator was used to clear the litchi garden in Guangzhou, and a soil improvement pit was dug under the same litchi tree drip line, and the soil improvement pit was about 1m away. 3 The litter, fallen leaves and weeds were filled into the soil improvement pit and covered with 5cm of soil. In January 2018, 50-70cm deep soil and the orchard ladder wall were excavated from this position (if the orchard is on flat ground, the uncultivated garden is selected, compared with ) each 2500g of soil was tested. The test results are: the organic matter content of the improved soil is 75.5g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.278%, the available phosphorus is 16.2mg / kg, the available potassium is 75.1mg / kg, and the soil pH value is 5.6; the organic matter content of the control soil The total nitrogen content is 16.3g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.084%, the available phosphorus is 3.7mg / kg, the available potassium is 46.6mg / kg, and the soil pH value ...

Embodiment 2

[0032] In 2011 and 2015, a small excavator was used to clear the litchi garden in Guangzhou, and a soil improvement pit was dug under the same litchi tree drip line, and the soil improvement pit was about 0.8m away. 3 The litter and weeds were filled into the soil improvement pit and covered with 5cm of soil. In January 2018, 50-70cm deep soil and 2500g of orchard ladder wall (control) soil were excavated from the soil improvement pit for testing. The test results are: the organic matter content of the improved soil is 34.2g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.152%, the available phosphorus is 12.9mg / kg, the available potassium is 44.4mg / kg, and the soil pH value is 5.6; the organic matter content of the control soil The total nitrogen content is 16.3g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.084%, the available phosphorus is 3.7mg / kg, the available potassium is 46.6mg / kg, and the soil pH value is 4.5. According to the soil nutrient grading standard of the second national soil cens...

Embodiment 3

[0034] In 2013 and 2017, a small excavator was used to dig a soil improvement pit under the drip line of the Litchi Garden in Guangzhou, and the soil improvement pit was approximately 1.2m away. 3The litter and weeds were filled into the soil improvement pit and covered with 5cm of soil. In January 2018, 2500g of soil at a depth of 50-70cm and 2500g of soil on the orchard ladder wall (control) were excavated for testing. The test results are: the organic matter content of the improved soil is 23.6g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.105%, the available phosphorus is 9.6mg / kg, the available potassium is 29.1mg / kg, and the soil pH value is 5.3; the organic matter content of the control soil The total nitrogen content is 16.3g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.084%, the available phosphorus is 3.7mg / kg, the available potassium is 46.6mg / kg, and the soil pH value is 4.5. According to the soil nutrient grading standard of the second national soil census, the soil after improveme...

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