A fuel cell hybrid power source energy flow control device

Abstract

The present invention provides an energy flow control device based on a fuel cell hybrid power source, belonging to the field of fuel cell technology. The energy flow control device based on a fuel cell hybrid power source includes a fuel cell module and a storage battery module, wherein the fuel cell module is provided with a power control component, and the storage battery module is provided with a battery capacity component. The power control component in the present invention reduces the output power when the real-time capacity is greater than the first capacity, and increases the output power when the real-time capacity is less than the second capacity, and simultaneously supplies power to the load and charges the storage battery module so that the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component is the preset capacity, thereby ensuring that the fuel cell module tends to run stably, increasing the life of the fuel cell module, optimizing the state of the storage battery module, avoiding overcharging and over-discharging, and operating in a better state, combining the respective advantages of the fuel cell module and the storage battery module, and improving the reliability of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells and relates to an energy flow control device based on a fuel cell hybrid power source. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells have many advantages as a power supply system, but their dynamic response has a certain time lag. When the load power fluctuates, the output power of the fuel cell needs to be adjusted for a period of time to adapt to the change in load. Therefore, an auxiliary power supply device with high energy density and power density is needed to complement the fuel cell and jointly supply power to the load, thereby improving energy utilization while ensuring operating performance. Fuel cells play the advantages of long power supply time and high efficiency; auxiliary power supply devices play the characteristics of fast response and easy energy feedback to make up for the shortcomings of slow dynamic response of fuel cells.

[0003] In the actual application environment, fuel cells have multiple working conditions such as loading, unloading, and stability, which leads to uncontrollable fluctuations in the power of the hybrid power source. The fuel cell is a typical multi-input / multi-output, strongly coupled nonlinear system, and its output voltage has a serious nonlinear relationship with parameters such as load, hydrogen flow, air flow, temperature, and humidity. When the load fluctuates frequently, the performance and life of the fuel cell will be greatly reduced. The input characteristics of the auxiliary power supply device are relatively complex, and its state of charge (SOC) is also nonlinearly related to parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature, making it difficult to measure and control the SOC. In addition, in order to reduce the volume and weight, the auxiliary power supply device should be as small as possible, which increases the difficulty of system control. Therefore, it is a key issue to design a controller to improve the dynamic response capability of the fuel cell, and reasonably control the energy flow between the fuel cell, the auxiliary power supply device and the load to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the power system and improve the durability of the fuel cell.

[0004] In applications, energy storage batteries and fuel cells are generally selected to form a hybrid power supply, which comprehensively utilizes the advantages of long fuel cell power supply time, strong power mutation characteristics of energy storage batteries, and high energy density to meet load requirements. These two energy sources have different power change gradients, continuous charge and discharge time characteristics, and constraints. In addition, due to the drastic fluctuations in output power, DC / DC and other power devices in the power supply system work in a non-stable state for a long time, and the system operating point is in dynamic change. It will be challenging to ensure that the hybrid power system can still operate with high quality and stability in harsh working environments. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an energy flow control device based on a fuel cell hybrid power source. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a control device that can ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A fuel cell hybrid power source energy flow control device is used to supply power to a load, comprising a fuel cell module and a storage battery module, wherein the fuel cell module is provided with a power control component for controlling the output power of the fuel cell module within a preset time, and the storage battery module is provided with a battery capacity component for detecting the real-time capacity of the storage battery module, wherein the power control component reduces the output power of the fuel cell module when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component is greater than a first capacity, and increases the output power of the fuel cell module when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component is less than a second capacity, so as to supply power to the load and charge the storage battery module so that the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component is the preset capacity.

[0008] Preferably, the fuel cell module is provided with a power limiting component for limiting the output power to be within a first power and a second power when the power control component controls the output power of the fuel cell module.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a current detection element for detecting the charging current when the storage battery module is charged.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a current stabilizing device for stabilizing the charging current when the storage battery module is charged.

[0011] Preferably, the flow stabilizing member is a flow stabilizer.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes an alarm for sounding an alarm when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component is a preset capacity.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a power-off component for disconnecting the circuit between the fuel cell module and the storage battery module and a controller for controlling the power-off component when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component is a preset capacity.

[0014] Preferably, the power-off component is an electromagnetic relay.

[0015] Preferably, the power-off component is a reed relay.

[0016] Preferably, the controller is a single chip microcomputer.

[0017] The power control component in the present invention reduces the output power of the fuel cell module when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component is greater than the first capacity. The power control component increases the output power of the fuel cell module when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component is less than the second capacity, and simultaneously supplies power to the load and charges the storage battery module so that the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component is the preset capacity, thereby ensuring that the fuel cell module tends to operate stably, increasing the life of the fuel cell module, optimizing the state of the storage battery module to avoid overcharging and over-discharging, and operating in a better state, combining the respective advantages of the fuel cell module and the storage battery module, and complementing their disadvantages, thereby improving the reliability of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 1-storage battery module, 11-battery capacity component, 2-fuel cell module, 21-power control component, 22-power limiting component, 3-current detection component, 4-current stabilization component, 51-power cut-off component, 52-controller, 6-alarm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solution of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0021] See also Figure 1 The energy flow control device based on the fuel cell hybrid power source in this embodiment is used to supply power to the load, and includes a fuel cell module 2 and a storage battery module 1. The fuel cell module 2 is provided with a power control component 21 for controlling the output power of the fuel cell module 2 within a preset time, and the storage battery module 1 is provided with a battery capacity component 11 for detecting the real-time capacity of the storage battery module 1. The power control component 21 reduces the output power of the fuel cell module 2 when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component 11 is greater than the first capacity, and increases the output power of the fuel cell module 2 when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component 11 is less than the second capacity to supply power to the load and charge the storage battery module 1 so that the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component 11 is the preset capacity.

[0022] Here, the power control component 21 can reduce the output power of the fuel cell module 2 when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component 11 is greater than the first capacity, and the power control component 21 can increase the output power of the fuel cell module 2 when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component 11 is less than the second capacity. The fuel cell module 2 simultaneously supplies power to the load and charges the storage battery module 1 so that the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component 11 is the preset capacity. The fuel cell module 2 charges the storage battery module 1 on the premise of meeting the load power demand, and the constant current fast charging mode can be selected to make the battery capacity reach the expected value at the fastest speed. Ensure that the fuel cell module 2 tends to run stably, ensure that the internal chemical reaction of the fuel cell module 2 is stable, improve the life of the fuel cell module 2, optimize the state of the storage battery module 1, avoid overcharging and over-discharging, and work in a better state, combine the respective advantages of the fuel cell module 2 and the storage battery module 1, and complement the disadvantages to improve the reliability of the system. The power control component 21 can be a thyristor power regulator, a thyristor regulator or a thyristor voltage regulator.

[0023] The fuel cell module 2 may be provided with a power limiting component 22 for limiting the output power to be within the first power and the second power when the power control component 21 controls the output power of the fuel cell module 2. The power limiting component 22 may be a power limiter, the first power may be greater than the second power, and the absolute value of the first power may be equal to the absolute value of the second power, so that the fuel cell module 2 can be ensured to operate within the rated power, avoid large fluctuations in the output power of the fuel cell module 2, ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell module 2, and increase the life of the fuel cell module 2.

[0024] The fuel cell hybrid power source energy flow control device in this embodiment may also include a current detection device 3 for detecting the charging current when the storage battery module 1 is charged. The current detection device 3 may be an ammeter, so that the charging current of the storage battery module 1 can be detected in real time to ensure safe charging of the storage battery module 1.

[0025] The energy flow control device based on the fuel cell hybrid power source in this embodiment can also include a current stabilizing component 4 for stabilizing the charging current when the storage battery module 1 is charged. In this way, the charging current can be kept stable when the storage battery module 1 is charged, avoiding overcharging and over-discharging of the storage battery module 1, ensuring the safe operation of the storage battery module 1, and increasing the life of the storage battery module 1.

[0026] The current stabilizing element 4 may be a current stabilizer, which can be used to stabilize the circuit current and keep the load current unchanged when the input voltage and the load impedance change.

[0027] The fuel cell hybrid power source energy flow control device in this embodiment may also include an alarm 6 for alarming when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component 11 is a preset capacity. The alarm 6 may be an audible and visual alarm 6, so that the user can be easily reminded that charging is complete, the charging circuit is disconnected, the storage battery module 1 is prevented from being overcharged, and the life of the storage battery module 1 is increased.

[0028] The fuel cell hybrid power source energy flow control device in this embodiment may also include a power-off component 51 for disconnecting the circuit between the fuel cell module 2 and the storage battery module 1, and a controller 52 for controlling the power-off component 51 when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component 11 is a preset capacity.

[0029] The power-off component 51 may be an electromagnetic relay. The electromagnetic relay may include an electromagnet, an armature, a spring, a moving contact and a static contact. When the switch in the low-voltage control circuit is closed, the current passes through the coil of the electromagnet to generate a magnetic field, thereby generating an attractive force on the armature, so that the moving and static contacts are in contact, and the circuit between the fuel cell module 2 and the storage battery module 1 is closed. When the low-voltage switch is disconnected, the current in the coil disappears, and the armature, under the action of the spring, disengages the moving and static contacts, so that the circuit between the fuel cell module 2 and the storage battery module 1 is disconnected.

[0030] The power-off component 51 may be a reed relay. The reed relay may include a dry reed and an excitation coil. The dry reed (contact) is sealed and made of an iron-nickel alloy. The contact portion of the reed is usually plated with a precious metal (such as gold, rhodium, palladium, etc.), has good contact, and has excellent electrical conductivity. When the coil is energized, the free ends of the two reeds in the tube are magnetized into N poles and S poles respectively and attract each other, thereby connecting the circuit between the fuel cell module 2 and the storage battery module 1. After the coil is powered off, the dry reed separates under the action of its own elastic force, and the circuit between the fuel cell module 2 and the storage battery module 1 is cut off.

[0031] The controller 52 may be a single chip microcomputer, which may be an STM32 single chip microcomputer, so that the controller 52 can accurately control the power-off component 51 to disconnect the circuit between the fuel cell module 2 and the storage battery module 1 when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component 11 is the preset capacity.

[0032] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell hybrid power source energy flow control device for supplying power to a load, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fuel cell module (2) and a storage battery module (1), wherein the fuel cell module (2) is provided with a power control component (21) for controlling the output power of the fuel cell module (2) within a preset time, and the storage battery module (1) is provided with a battery capacity component (11) for detecting the real-time capacity of the storage battery module (1), wherein the power control component (21) reduces the output power of the fuel cell module (2) when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component (11) is greater than a first capacity, and increases the output power of the fuel cell module (2) when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component (11) is less than a second capacity, so as to supply power to a load and charge the storage battery module (1) so that the battery capacity component (11) The detected real-time capacity is a preset capacity; the fuel cell module (2) is provided with a power limiting component (22) for limiting the output power to be within a first power and a second power when the power control component (21) controls the output power of the fuel cell module (2); further comprising a power-off component (51) for disconnecting the circuit between the fuel cell module (2) and the storage battery module (1) and a controller (52) for controlling the power-off component (51) when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component (11) is the preset capacity; further comprising a current detection component (3) for detecting the charging current when the storage battery module (1) is charged; and further comprising a current stabilizing component (4) for stabilizing the charging current when the storage battery module (1) is charged.

2. The energy flow control device based on a fuel cell hybrid power source as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The flow stabilizing member (4) is a flow stabilizer.

3. The energy flow control device based on a fuel cell hybrid power source as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an alarm (6) for sounding an alarm when the real-time capacity detected by the battery capacity component (11) is a preset capacity.

4. The energy flow control device based on a fuel cell hybrid power source as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The power-off component (51) is an electromagnetic relay.

5. The energy flow control device based on a fuel cell hybrid power source as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The power-off component (51) is a reed relay.

6. The energy flow control device based on a fuel cell hybrid power source as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The controller (52) is a single chip microcomputer.

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