A three-dimensional printing device for hollow and solid tubular structures

Abstract

The present invention discloses a three-dimensional printing device for hollow and solid tubular structures, comprising: a driving device; at least one feeding channel, each feeding channel comprising a barrel and a feeding tube connected to each other, and the barrel of each feeding channel is connected to the driving device; and a discharging device, comprising at least one discharging cavity, and at least one discharging cavity is connected to at least one feeding tube in a one-to-one correspondence. The present invention can be applied to the field of bioengineering technology. The three-dimensional printing device can print solid tubular structures, such as neural organs, and can also print hollow tubular structures, such as vascular organs, for organ transplantation to solve human vascular and neural diseases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of bioengineering technology, but is not limited thereto, and in particular to a three-dimensional printing device for hollow and solid tubular structures of a human body, but is not limited thereto. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, organ transplantation technology has made great progress, but it also faces problems such as insufficient organ sources. Therefore, many studies are currently looking for new technologies to replace living organs, and 3D bioprinting technology is the main trend of current development.

[0003] Vascular diseases and neurological diseases are one of the most important problems in human diseases today, and they pose a great threat to human health. At present, the common method to solve such diseases is replacement and transplantation. Due to the lack of living supply, blood vessels and nerves made of artificial biological materials are generally used for replacement. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and manufacture 3D printing technology that uses living cells of patients to manufacture blood vessels and nerves, and develop corresponding printing equipment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The following is a summary of the subject matter of the detailed description herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0005] The present application provides a three-dimensional printing device for hollow and solid tubular structures, comprising:

[0006] Drive device;

[0007] At least one feeding channel, each feeding channel comprising a barrel and a feeding pipe connected to each other, and the barrel of each feeding channel is connected to a driving device; and

[0008] The discharging device comprises at least one discharging cavity, and the at least one discharging cavity is connected to at least one of the feeding pipes in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0009] Optionally, the three-dimensional printing device further includes: a transfer module, in which at least one transfer channel is provided, and the at least one discharge cavity and the at least one feed pipe correspond one-to-one to the at least one transfer channel and are connected through the at least one transfer channel.

[0010] Optionally, each of the feed channels further comprises an adapter disposed on the feed pipe, and at least one adapter is connected to the at least one adapter channel in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0011] Optionally, the at least one feed channel comprises two or more feed channels;

[0012] The at least one discharge cavity includes two or more discharge cavities, and the discharge cavities are arranged in sequence.

[0013] Optionally, the at least one feed channel comprises two or more feed channels;

[0014] The at least one discharge cavity includes two or more discharge cavities, and the discharge cavities are arranged in sequence;

[0015] The at least one switching channel provided in the switching module includes a central channel located at the center of the switching module and an edge channel located at the edge of the switching module.

[0016] Optionally, a discharge end of the discharge device is provided with a nozzle, and the at least one discharge cavity is connected to the nozzle.

[0017] Optionally, in the at least one discharge cavity, one discharge cavity is composed of an inner cavity of a needle, and a discharge end of the needle extends into the nozzle.

[0018] Optionally, the three-dimensional printing device further includes: a heating module for heating at least one of the barrels.

[0019] Optionally, the three-dimensional printing device further includes: a sleeve, wherein the at least one feeding channel and the discharging device are both arranged in the sleeve.

[0020] Optionally, the three-dimensional printing device is a blood vessel printing device, and the at least one feed channel includes a first feed channel and a second feed channel, the barrel of the first feed channel is filled with a hydrogel material capable of undergoing cross-linking or a polymer material that dissolves when heated, and the barrel of the second feed channel is filled with a water-soluble material;

[0021] The at least one discharge cavity includes a first discharge cavity and a second discharge cavity, and the first discharge cavity is arranged outside the second discharge cavity, the feed pipe of the first feed channel is connected to the first discharge cavity, and the feed pipe of the second feed channel is connected to the second discharge cavity.

[0022] Optionally, the material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel contains cells or does not contain cells, and / or the material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel contains growth factors or drugs that promote the growth of vascular endothelial cells.

[0023] Optionally, the material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel is selected from one or more of alginate, modified sodium hyaluronate, modified methacrylate, chitosan, collagen, polylactic acid-glycolic acid, polycaprolactone or polylactic acid; and / or the material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel is selected from one or more of alginate, modified sodium hyaluronate, modified methacrylate, chitosan, collagen, polylactic acid-glycolic acid, polycaprolactone or polylactic acid, and further comprises vascular endothelial growth factor, Danhong and / or Astragalus;

[0024] The material contained in the barrel of the second supply channel includes Pluronic and / or hyaluronic acid.

[0025] Optionally, the three-dimensional printing device is a neural printing device, and the at least one feed channel includes a first feed channel and a second feed channel, the barrel of the first feed channel is filled with an insulating hydrogel material that can undergo cross-linking or a polymer material that needs to be heated and dissolved, and the barrel of the second feed channel is filled with a gel material or a polymer material that has electrical conductivity and cross-linking ability;

[0026] The at least one discharge cavity includes a first discharge cavity and a second discharge cavity, and the first discharge cavity is arranged outside the second discharge cavity, the feed pipe of the first feed channel is connected to the first discharge cavity, and the feed pipe of the second feed channel is connected to the second discharge cavity.

[0027] Optionally, the material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel contains cells or does not contain cells, and the material contained in the barrel of the second feed channel contains cells that can differentiate into nerve cells and / or growth factors or drugs that promote nerve regeneration.

[0028] Optionally, the material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel is selected from one or more of alginate, modified sodium hyaluronate, modified methacrylate, chitosan, collagen, polylactic-co-glycolic acid, polycaprolactone or polylactic acid;

[0029] The material contained in the barrel of the second supply channel includes a gel material containing one or more substances selected from graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, nerve growth factor or citicoline.

[0030] The three-dimensional printing device of the hollow and solid tubular structure provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The three-dimensional printing device provided by the present invention has a driving device connected to the barrel of the feed channel. The driving device can drive the material in the barrel to move along the feed channel. The material in each barrel enters the corresponding discharge cavity after passing through the corresponding feed pipe, and then is extruded from the discharge cavity.

[0032] When there is one discharge cavity, the discharge cavity can be set as a hollow cavity, so that the material extruded from the discharge cavity can form a solid tubular structure for printing neural organoids; the discharge cavity can also be set as an annular cavity with a core, in which case the material extruded from the discharge cavity can form a hollow tubular structure for printing vascular organoids.

[0033] When the number of discharge cavities is two or more and the discharge cavities are arranged in sequence, the materials coming out of each discharge cavity can be wrapped layer by layer to form a tubular structure. If a hollow tubular structure needs to be printed (such as printing blood vessels, etc.), the innermost layer of material can be set to react and decompose during or after printing to form a hollow tube. If a solid tubular structure needs to be printed (such as printing nerves, etc.), there is no need for the material to react and decompose during or after printing to form a solid tube. This three-dimensional printing device can print solid neural organoids and hollow vascular organoids, which is convenient for organ transplantation and contributes to solving human diseases.

[0034] The three-dimensional printing device includes an adapter module, through which each feed pipe is connected to the corresponding discharge chamber, which facilitates the connection between the feed pipe and the discharge device; an adapter is provided on the feed pipe, which is connected to the channel of the adapter module through the adapter, which facilitates the connection between the feed pipe and the adapter module.

[0035] The channel of the adapter module is connected to the adapter by threads, so that the connection between the two is firm, and the threaded connection has a simple structure, which is easy to implement, and has a sealing function, which can prevent the material from the barrel from leaking at the connection between the adapter module and the adapter; the adapter module is arranged in the discharging device and is connected to the discharging device by threads, so that the adapter module and the discharging device are firmly connected, and the threaded connection has a simple structure, which is easy to implement, and has a sealing function, which prevents the material from the barrel from leaking at the connection between the adapter module and the discharging device. Of course, the adapter module and the adapter, and the adapter module and the discharging device can also be sealed in other ways, such as fixing with screws and sealing with sealing rings, etc., which will not be repeated here.

[0036] A nozzle is provided at the discharge end of the discharge device, and each discharge cavity is connected to the nozzle, so that the material in the discharge cavity can be extruded through the nozzle; a discharge cavity is composed of the inner cavity of a needle, and the discharge end of the needle extends into the nozzle. Since the volume of the inner cavity of the needle is usually small, when the material extruded from the needle is used to form the inner core of the tubular structure, the diameter of the inner core is small, which is convenient for printing various organ structures with small internal dimensions.

[0037] The three-dimensional printing device includes a heating module that can heat the barrel. When the material in the barrel is solid and the solid can be heated and melted, the heating module can melt the material in the barrel into liquid so that it can flow out of the barrel smoothly, thereby facilitating the printing of hollow or solid tubular structures.

[0038] The three-dimensional printing device includes multiple driving devices. If the number of driving devices is the same as the number of barrels, the multiple driving devices can be connected to the multiple barrels in a one-to-one correspondence, so that one driving device drives the material in one barrel to be extruded. At this time, the extrusion time and extrusion speed of the material in each barrel can be individually controlled to achieve printing of various tubular structures; if the number of driving devices is less than the number of barrels, barrels with the same material extrusion time and extrusion speed can be jointly controlled by one driving device, and barrels with different material extrusion time and extrusion speed can be individually controlled by different driving devices. Similarly, the printing of tubular structures can be achieved, and the number of driving devices is reduced, the structure and control complexity of the three-dimensional printing device are simplified, and its cost is reduced.

[0039] When there is only one driving device for the 3D printing device, all barrels are connected to the driving device, and one driving device is used to control the extrusion speed of materials in multiple barrels, which greatly simplifies the control, minimizes the number of driving devices, and minimizes the cost of the product.

[0040] The driving device may include a pneumatic pump, an electric pump or a precision screw pump, wherein the pneumatic pump and the electric pump can drive one or more barrels, and the precision screw pump usually drives one barrel; when there are multiple driving devices, the multiple driving devices may all be the same type of pump, or different types of pumps.

[0041] The three-dimensional printing device comprises a sleeve, and a plurality of feeding channels and a discharging device are arranged in the sleeve, so that the three-dimensional printing device has good integrity and beautiful appearance.

[0042] When printing blood vessels with a three-dimensional printing device, the three-dimensional printing device may include two feed channels, wherein the barrel of the first feed channel is filled with a hydrogel material that can undergo cross-linking or a polymer material that dissolves when heated, and the barrel of the second feed channel is filled with a water-soluble material, and the feed pipe of the second feed channel is connected to the innermost discharge cavity. In this way, the tubular structure printed by the three-dimensional printing device can dissolve the water-soluble material in the middle (innermost) part after cross-linking to form a channel. At this time, the hollow tube can be used as an artificial blood vessel.

[0043] The material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel contains (or does not contain) cells, growth factors or drugs (such as Danhong, Astragalus, etc.) that promote the growth of vascular endothelial cells, so as to promote the formation of artificially printed blood vessels.

[0044] When printing nerves with a three-dimensional printing device, the three-dimensional printing device may include two feed channels, wherein the barrel of the first feed channel is filled with an insulating and cross-linkable hydrogel material or a polymer material that needs to be heated and dissolved, and the barrel of the second feed channel is filled with a gel material or a polymer material with conductive and cross-linking capabilities, and the feed tube of the second feed channel is connected to the innermost discharge cavity, so that the tubular structure printed by the three-dimensional printing device can form a solid tube after cross-linking, and the solid tube can be used as an artificial nerve structure.

[0045] The barrel of the first feed channel contains materials with or without cells, and the barrel of the second feed channel contains materials containing cells that can differentiate into nerve cells (such as neural stem cells, Schwann cells, etc.), and / or growth factors or drugs that promote nerve regeneration, so as to form an artificial nerve structure.

[0046] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solution of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional printing device of a hollow and solid tubular structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the transfer module and the discharging device;

[0050] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the top view of the transfer module;

[0051] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the top view of the center discharging device.

[0052] in, Figure 1-Figure 4 The relationship between the reference numerals and the component names is as follows:

[0053] 1 driving device, 20 first barrel, 21 first feeding tube, 22 first adapter, 30 second barrel, 31 second feeding tube, 32 second adapter, 4 adapter module, 40 center channel, 41 edge channel, 5 discharging device, 51 first discharging cavity, 52 second discharging cavity, 53 needle, 54 nozzle, 6 sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

[0055] The embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional printing device that can print both hollow tubular structures (such as human blood vessels, etc.) and solid tubular structures (such as human nerves, etc.), such as Figure 1 As shown, it comprises: a driving device 1, at least one feeding channel and a discharging device 5.

[0056] Each feeding channel includes a barrel 20 (30) and a feeding pipe 21 (31) that are connected to each other, and the barrels 20 and 30 of each feeding channel are connected to the driving device 1, so that when the driving device 1 is working, it can drive the material in the barrels 20 and 30 to move along the feeding channel and enter the feeding pipes 21 and 31;

[0057] The discharging device 5 includes at least one discharging cavity 51, 52, and at least one discharging cavity 51, 52 is connected to at least one feeding pipe 21, 31 in a one-to-one correspondence. Under the action of the driving device 1, the material in the feeding pipe 21, 31 can enter the corresponding discharging cavity 51, 52 and then be extruded from the discharging cavity.

[0058] Optionally, in a specific example, the three-dimensional printing device includes a feed channel, and the discharge device 5 includes a discharge chamber. In this case, the discharge chamber can be set to a hollow chamber (such as discharge chamber 52), so that the material extruded from the discharge chamber can form a solid tubular structure to print neural organoids; one discharge chamber of the discharge device 5 can also be set to an annular cavity with a core (such as discharge chamber 51), so that the material extruded from the discharge chamber can form a hollow tubular structure to print vascular organoids.

[0059] Alternatively, if Figure 1As shown, in another example, the three-dimensional printing device includes at least two feeding channels, and the discharging device 5 includes at least two discharging chambers 51 and 52 which are sequentially sleeved, and at least two discharging chambers 51 and 52 are connected to at least two feeding tubes 21 and 31 in a one-to-one correspondence. Under the action of the driving device 1, the material in the feeding tubes 21 and 31 can be placed in the corresponding discharging chambers 51 and 52, and the material coming out of the at least two discharging chambers 51 and 52 which are sequentially sleeved can be wrapped layer by layer to form a solid tubular structure such as a nerve; if a hollow tubular structure such as a blood vessel needs to be printed, the innermost layer of the material can be set to react and decompose during or after printing to form a channel, thereby realizing the printing of a hollow tube. The solid neural organoids or hollow vascular organoids printed in this way can be used for organ transplantation to solve human vascular and neural diseases.

[0060] Specifically, in Figure 1 In the example shown, the three-dimensional printing device includes two feed channels, namely a first feed channel and a second feed channel, the first feed channel includes a first barrel 20 and a first feed pipe 21, and the first barrel 20 is connected to the driving device 1, the second feed channel includes a second barrel 30 and a second feed pipe 31, and the second barrel 30 is connected to the driving device 1; the discharging device 5 includes two discharging chambers arranged in sequence, namely a first discharging chamber 51 and a second discharging chamber 52 located in the first discharging chamber 51, and the first feed pipe 21 is connected to the first discharging chamber 51, and the second feed pipe 31 is connected to the second discharging chamber 52.

[0061] It should be noted that the number of feed channels and discharge cavities of the 3D printing device is not limited to one or two as mentioned above, and can be three or more. In the actual process of printing the tubular structure, the number of feed channels and discharge cavities can be set as needed.

[0062] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, the discharge end of the discharge device 5 is provided with a nozzle 54, the first discharge cavity 51 and the second discharge cavity 52 are both connected to the nozzle 54, and the second discharge cavity 52 located inside is composed of the inner cavity of the needle 53, and the discharge end of the needle 53 extends into the nozzle 54. As can be seen from the figure, the volume of the inner cavity of the needle 53 is small, so that the diameter of the inner core of the tubular structure formed by the material extruded from the needle 53 is small, which is convenient for printing various organ structures with small internal dimensions. Of course, the second discharge cavity 52 may not be composed of the inner cavity of the needle, and its size may also be made larger as needed.

[0063] Alternatively, if Figure 1As shown, the three-dimensional printing device also includes an adapter module 4, in which two channels are provided, namely, a central channel 40 located in the center and an edge channel 41 located at the edge, and a first adapter 22 is provided on the first feed pipe 21, and the first adapter 22 is installed in the edge channel 41, so that the first feed pipe 21 is connected to the first discharge cavity 51 through the edge channel 41; a second adapter 32 is provided on the second feed pipe 31, and the second adapter 32 is installed in the central channel 40, so that the second feed pipe 31 is connected to the second discharge cavity 52 through the central channel 40. In this way, the material in the second barrel 30 can be extruded through the second feed pipe 31, the central channel 40 and the second discharge cavity 52 in sequence to form an inner core of the tubular structure, and the material in the first barrel 20 can be extruded through the first feed pipe 21, the edge channel 41 and the first discharge cavity 51 in sequence, and wrap the inner core to form a stacked tubular structure.

[0064] Optionally, the first adapter 22 is provided with an external thread, and the edge channel 41 is provided with an internal thread (such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown), the first adapter 22 is connected to the edge channel 41 by threads; similarly, the second adapter 32 is provided with an external thread, and the center channel 40 is provided with an internal thread (as shown Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown), the second adapter 32 is connected to the central channel 40 by threads.

[0065] Further optionally, if Figure 1 As shown, the transfer module 4 is arranged in the discharging device 5, and as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the adapter module 4 and the discharging device 5 are respectively provided with external threads and internal threads that match each other, and the two are connected by threads.

[0066] The threaded connection is firm, and the threaded connection has a simple structure, is easy to implement, and has a sealing function to prevent material leakage at the connection point through the threaded connection.

[0067] Preferably, the three-dimensional printing device further comprises a heating module (not shown) that can heat the first barrel 20 and / or the second barrel 30. When the material in one or both barrels is solid and the solid can be heated and melted, the heating module can melt the material in the barrel into a liquid so that it can flow out of the barrel smoothly, thereby facilitating the printing of a hollow or solid tubular structure.

[0068] Specifically, in Figure 1In the example shown, the three-dimensional printing device includes a driving device 1, and the first barrel 20 and the second barrel 30 are both connected to the driving device 1, and the driving device 1 is used to simultaneously control the extruded materials of the two barrels 20 and 30, so that the materials of the two barrels 20 and 30 are extruded from the nozzle 54 at the same time. Optionally, the driving device 1 can be a pneumatic pump or an electric pump.

[0069] Of course, the three-dimensional printing device can also include two driving devices, each driving device is connected to a barrel, so that the two barrels can be controlled separately and flexibly to realize the printing of various tubular structures. Optionally, the two driving devices can be one or two of a pneumatic pump, an electric pump and a precision screw pump.

[0070] When the three-dimensional printing device includes multiple (three or more) feeding channels, the driving device can be the same as the number of the feeding channels, so that the multiple driving devices are connected to the multiple barrels in a one-to-one correspondence; or one driving device is connected to all the barrels; or the number of driving devices is at least two but less than the number of feeding channels. In this case, barrels with the same material extrusion time and extrusion speed can be jointly controlled by one driving device, and barrels with different material extrusion times or extrusion speeds can be individually controlled by different driving devices.

[0071] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, the three-dimensional printing device further includes a sleeve 6, and the first feeding channel, the second feeding channel and the discharge device 5 are all arranged in the sleeve 6, so that the three-dimensional printing device has good integrity and beautiful appearance.

[0072] The printing process of the three-dimensional printing device is described in detail below with reference to two examples.

[0073] Example 1: Printing blood vessels using a 3D printer

[0074] The first barrel 20 is loaded with a hydrogel material that can undergo cross-linking (with or without cells, and / or containing growth factors or drugs that promote the growth of vascular endothelial cells) or a polymer material that needs to be heated and dissolved.

[0075] Among them, for the polymer material dissolved by heating, its molecular weight is determined by the chain length, there is no fixed value, and the molecular weight is usually above 10,000; the temperature range for heating and dissolving is usually below 300°C, such as 37°C-250°C. The polymer material may include polycaprolactone, polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid, polyetheretherketone, polylactic acid, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylate, aromatic polyester, silicone rubber, polyurethane, collagen, aliphatic polyester, chitin, cellulose, polyamino acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyphosphazene, etc. Among them, the dissolution temperature of polycaprolactone is usually 120°C-160°C, the dissolution temperature of polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid is usually 120°C-160°C, and the dissolution temperature of polyethylene is usually 140°C-180°C.

[0076] The growth factor or drug that promotes the growth of vascular endothelial cells may include one or more of the drug ingredients such as vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor β, tumor necrosis factor α, α-interferon, syndecan type 1, integrin αVβ3, heat shock protein 70, Danhong, Astragalus, ginsenosides or Salvia miltiorrhiza.

[0077] Specifically, the composition of the material in the first barrel 20 may include alginate, modified sodium hyaluronate, modified methacrylate, chitosan, collagen, polylactic acid-glycolic acid, polycaprolactone and / or polylactic acid, etc., and may contain drug ingredients such as vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor β, tumor necrosis factor α, α-interferon, syndecan type 1, integrin αVβ3, heat shock protein 70, Danhong, Astragalus, ginsenoside or Salvia miltiorrhiza.

[0078] The second barrel 30 is loaded with a water-soluble material. Specifically, the second barrel 30 may contain pluronic and / or hyaluronic acid.

[0079] like Figure 1 As shown, the upper ends of the first barrel 20 and the second barrel 30 are connected to the driving device 1, and the lower ends are connected to the adapters 22 and 32 through the feed pipes 21 and 31, respectively. The adapters 22 and 32 are connected to the adapter module 4. There are two circular channels on the adapter module 4: the central channel 40 is connected to the needle 53, and the edge channel 41 is connected to the nozzle 54. After the driving device 1 is turned on, the materials in the first barrel 20 and the second barrel 30 are extruded at the same time, the material in the first barrel 20 is squeezed into the first discharge cavity 51, and the material in the second barrel 30 is squeezed into the needle 53, and finally squeezed out from the nozzle 54 at the same time, printing out a tubular structure, and the tubular structure can dissolve the water-soluble material in the middle part after cross-linking to form a hollow tubular structure with a lumen, which can be used as an artificial blood vessel.

[0080] Example 2: Printing nerves with a 3D printer

[0081] The first barrel 20 is loaded with a hydrogel material (with or without cells) having insulation capability and capable of undergoing cross-linking, or a polymer material that needs to be heated and dissolved.

[0082] Among them, for the polymer material that is heated and dissolved, its molecular weight is determined by the chain length, there is no fixed value, and the molecular weight is usually above 10,000; the temperature range for heating and dissolving is usually below 300°C, such as 37°C-250°C. The polymer material includes polycaprolactone, polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid, polyetheretherketone, polylactic acid, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylate, aromatic polyester, silicone rubber, polyurethane, collagen, aliphatic polyester, chitin, cellulose, polyamino acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyphosphazene, etc. Among them, the dissolution temperature of polycaprolactone is usually 120°C-160°C, the dissolution temperature of polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid is usually 120°C-160°C, and the dissolution temperature of polyethylene is usually 140°C-180°C.

[0083] Specifically, alginate, modified sodium hyaluronate, modified methacrylate, chitosan, collagen, polylactic-co-glycolic acid, polycaprolactone and / or polylactic acid, etc. may be used in the first barrel 20 .

[0084] The second barrel 30 is loaded with a gel material or a polymer material having conductive and cross-linking capabilities, and may contain neural stem cells, Schwann cells or other cell types that can differentiate into neural cells, and / or may also contain growth factors or drugs that promote neural regeneration.

[0085] Among them, the growth factor or drug that promotes nerve regeneration may include nerve growth factor, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, dimethoate, vitamin B 12 , Mecobalamin (methyldiamond amine), Enjingfu, acidic / basic fibroblast growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor, gangliosides, progesterone, growth hormone mediator-C, triiodothyronine, interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, angelica, peach kernel, safflower, salvia miltiorrhiza, methylprednisolone, protease inhibitors, calcium ion channel blockers, etc.

[0086] Specifically, the second barrel 30 may be loaded with a gel material containing components such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, nerve growth factor, and citicoline.

[0087] like Figure 1 As shown, after the driving device 1 is turned on, the materials in the first barrel 20 and the second barrel 30 are squeezed out at the same time, the material in the first barrel 20 is squeezed into the first discharge cavity 51, and the material in the second barrel 30 is squeezed into the needle 53, and finally squeezed out from the nozzle 54 at the same time to print out a solid tubular structure, which can be regarded as an artificial nerve structure.

[0088] It should be noted that, although the above embodiments of the present invention all use printing of hollow or solid tubular structures of the human body as an example to illustrate the three-dimensional printing device, the three-dimensional printing device of the embodiments of the present invention can also be used to print hollow or solid tubular structures on non-human bodies.

[0089] In this application, the term "plurality" means two or more.

[0090] Although the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are as above, the contents described are only embodiments adopted to facilitate understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician in the field to which the present invention belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in the present invention, but the patent protection scope of the present invention shall still be defined by the attached claims.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional printing device for hollow and solid tubular structures, characterized in that: include: Drive device; At least one feeding channel, each feeding channel comprises a barrel and a feeding pipe connected to each other, and the barrel of each feeding channel is connected to the driving device; and a discharging device, comprising at least one discharging cavity, and the at least one discharging cavity is connected to the at least one feeding pipe in a one-to-one correspondence, a switching module, at least one switching channel is provided in the switching module, the at least one discharging cavity and the at least one feeding pipe are both in one-to-one correspondence with the at least one switching channel, and are connected through the at least one switching channel; Wherein, the at least one feed channel includes two or more feed channels; the at least one discharge cavity includes two or more discharge cavities, and the two or more discharge cavities are arranged in sequence; the at least one transfer channel arranged in the transfer module includes a central channel located at the center of the transfer module and an edge channel located at the edge of the transfer module; Wherein, each of the feed channels further comprises an adapter disposed on the feed pipe, and at least one adapter is connected to the at least one adapter channel in a one-to-one correspondence.

2. The three-dimensional printing device according to claim 1, wherein: The discharging end of the discharging device is provided with a nozzle, and the at least one discharging cavity is connected to the nozzle.

3. The three-dimensional printing device according to claim 2, wherein: In the at least one discharge cavity, one discharge cavity is composed of the inner cavity of the needle, and the discharge end of the needle extends into the nozzle.

4. The three-dimensional printing device according to claim 1, further comprising: A heating module is provided for heating at least one of the barrels.

5. The three-dimensional printing device according to claim 1, further comprising: The at least one material supply channel and the material discharging device are both arranged in the sleeve.

6. The three-dimensional printing device according to claim 1, wherein: The three-dimensional printing device is a blood vessel printing device, and the at least one feed channel includes a first feed channel and a second feed channel, the barrel of the first feed channel is configured to contain a hydrogel material capable of undergoing cross-linking or a polymer material that dissolves when heated, and the barrel of the second feed channel is configured to contain a water-soluble material; The at least one discharge cavity includes a first discharge cavity and a second discharge cavity, and the first discharge cavity is arranged outside the second discharge cavity, the feed pipe of the first feed channel is connected to the first discharge cavity, and the feed pipe of the second feed channel is connected to the second discharge cavity.

7. The three-dimensional printing device according to claim 6, wherein: The material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel may or may not contain cells, and / or the material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel may contain growth factors or drugs that promote the growth of vascular endothelial cells.

8. The three-dimensional printing device according to claim 6, wherein: The material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel is selected from one or more of alginate, modified sodium hyaluronate, modified methacrylate, chitosan, collagen, polylactic acid-glycolic acid, polycaprolactone or polylactic acid; and / or the material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel is selected from one or more of alginate, modified sodium hyaluronate, modified methacrylate, chitosan, collagen, polylactic acid-glycolic acid, polycaprolactone or polylactic acid, and also includes one or more of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor β, tumor necrosis factor α, α interferon, syndecan type 1, integrin αVβ3, heat shock protein 70, Danhong, Astragalus, ginsenoside or Salvia miltiorrhiza; the material contained in the barrel of the second feed channel includes Pluronic and / or hyaluronic acid.

9. The three-dimensional printing device according to claim 1, wherein: The three-dimensional printing device is a neural printing device, and the at least one feed channel includes a first feed channel and a second feed channel, the barrel of the first feed channel is configured to be filled with an insulating and cross-linkable hydrogel material or a polymer material that needs to be heated and dissolved, and the barrel of the second feed channel is configured to be filled with a gel material or a polymer material with conductive and cross-linking capabilities; the at least one discharge cavity includes a first discharge cavity and a second discharge cavity, and the first discharge cavity is sleeved outside the second discharge cavity, the feed pipe of the first feed channel is connected to the first discharge cavity, and the feed pipe of the second feed channel is connected to the second discharge cavity.

10. The three-dimensional printing device according to claim 9, wherein: The material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel may or may not contain cells, and the material contained in the barrel of the second feed channel may contain cells that can differentiate into nerve cells and / or growth factors or drugs that promote nerve regeneration.

11. The three-dimensional printing device according to claim 9, wherein: The material contained in the barrel of the first feed channel is selected from one or more of alginate, modified sodium hyaluronate, modified methacrylate, chitosan, collagen, polylactic acid-glycolic acid, polycaprolactone or polylactic acid; the material contained in the barrel of the second feed channel includes a gel material containing one or more substances selected from graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, nerve growth factor or citicoline.

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