A high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material

Abstract

This invention discloses a highly insulating thermal protection composite material, composed, from the front to the back, of a metal reflective layer, a fiber fabric layer, a low-thermal-conductivity coating layer, and an organic flexible layer. This invention is primarily targeted at thermal protection in environments above 650°C, at low temperatures (-100°C), or in other temperatures between -100°C and 650°C. Based on an analysis of the inherent properties and heat transfer relationships of thermal insulation materials, this invention utilizes a flexible multilayer insulation structure composed of a reflective layer and a thermal insulation material, achieving weight reduction, flexibility, and high-efficiency thermal protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of functional materials, in particular to a high-insulation thermal protection composite material. Background Art

[0002] In some industrial and daily life application scenarios, especially in some extreme temperature environments, corresponding thermal protection needs to be provided. The thermal insulation protection materials provided by the existing technology have the following defects:

[0003] 1. The material is hard and heavy, making it difficult to process later;

[0004] 2. The thermal protection temperature range is limited and cannot provide good thermal protection function in some extreme temperature environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A high-insulation thermal protection composite material is composed of a metal reflective layer, a fiber fabric layer, a low thermal conductivity coating layer, and an organic flexible layer in order from the surface to the inside.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metal reflective layer is composed of a metal reflective foil, a polyimide adhesive layer and a polyimide semi-treated polyamic acid resin layer composite from the surface to the inside.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the metal reflective layer is 300 μm-400 μm.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the metal reflective foil is 0.004 mm-0.008 mm.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the polyimide adhesive layer is 100 μm-150 μm, and the thermal conductivity is 0.09-0.15.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, water is generated during the complete imidization process of the polyimide semi-treated polyamic acid resin layer.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fiber fabric layer is composited by at least one quartz fiber fabric layer and / or at least one oxide ceramic fiber fabric layer.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thermal conductivity of the fiber fabric layer is 0.03-0.05.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the quartz fiber fabric layer is woven from quartz fibers having a temperature resistance of more than 1500°C.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oxide ceramic fiber fabric layer is woven with a temperature-resistant material of 1800°C-2000°C.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the low thermal conductivity coating layer is composed of a polymer heat-proof sealing layer, a porous foaming layer, and a fiber layer from the surface to the inside.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymer heat-proof sealing layer is made of a fluorosilicone composite material.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fiber layer is a glass fiber layer or a quartz fiber layer.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic flexible layer is composed of a composite of an aerogel layer and an organic flexible fiber layer from the surface to the inside.

[0021] The present invention provides a high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material, the main innovation of which is:

[0022] 1. The first layer can enhance the reflective function of the heat radiation layer; the heat reflection efficiency can reach 70%; the polyimide layer has a very large melting enthalpy and a thermal conductivity coefficient of about 0.1-0.15; semi-treated polyimide generates water during the complete imidization process, and the evaporation of water can take away a large amount of heat;

[0023] 2. The second layer of fiber fabric can change the contact thermal resistance between the layers, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the material and increasing the strength of the heat-proof material; at the same time, the low thermal conductivity coefficient can delay the inward conduction of heat;

[0024] 3. The third layer uses chemical foaming agents to make sponge materials; the foam layer is mainly used to block the penetration of heat flow; the fiber layer at the bottom plays a reinforcing and supporting role;

[0025] 4. The fourth layer mainly utilizes the nanopore multi-reaction of aerogel; the fiber layer at the bottom of this layer mainly insulates vertically; it is elastic and shockproof, protecting instruments and meters; and at the same time, it prevents the sharp corners of instruments and meters from damaging the cushion layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the metal reflective layer of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the low thermal conductivity coating layer of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the organic flexible layer of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of the present invention easier to understand, the following further illustrates the present invention with reference to specific diagrams. This does not limit the present invention. Any changes in form but not substance made based on the present invention should be considered within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention.

[0031] See also Figure 1 The figure shows a high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material, which is composed of a metal reflective layer 100, a fiber fabric layer 200, a low thermal conductivity coating layer 300, and an organic flexible layer 400 in order from the surface to the inside.

[0032] The design principles of the high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] 1. Assuming that the temperature field in the multilayer insulation material is stable and the heat flow direction is perpendicular to the parallel plate plane (i.e. the plane normal direction), the thermal conductivity is

[0034]

[0035] Multilayer materials are in a one-dimensional heat conduction state; the specific heat flow formula is:

[0036]

[0037] Where: m, C1, C2, C3 are constants, σ ​​is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant; q, qs, qr are the total specific heat flow through the multilayer material, the specific heat flow of solid contact heat conduction and the specific heat flow of radiation heat transfer, and the unit is W / ㎡.

[0038] When the temperature is higher than 650°C, the high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material of the present invention adopts a multi-layer thermal insulation system, in which minerals, ceramic fibers or porous materials are generally used in the middle.

[0039] This high-insulation thermal protection composite material is designed to provide insulation in environments ranging from temperatures above 650°C to temperatures as low as -100°C. Based on an analysis of the relationship between the insulation material's inherent properties and heat transfer, the composite material comprises a metal reflective layer 100, a fiber fabric layer 200, a low-thermal-conductivity coating layer 300, and an organic flexible layer 400, constructed from the front to the back. This achieves weight reduction, flexibility, and high-efficiency thermal insulation.

[0040] See also Figure 2 The metal reflective layer 100 is composed, from the front to the back, of a metal reflective foil 110, a polyimide adhesive layer 120, and a polyamide resin layer 130 that is partially treated with polyimide. The entire metal reflective layer 100 has a thickness of 300-400 μm and enhances the reflective properties of the heat radiation layer; its heat reflection efficiency can reach 70%.

[0041] The thickness of the metal reflective foil 110 is 0.004mm-0.008mm, preferably gold foil. The polyimide adhesive layer 120 has a very high melting enthalpy, a thickness of 100μm-150μm, and a thermal conductivity of 0.09-0.15. The semi-treated polyamic acid resin layer 130 generates water during the complete imidization process, and this water evaporates and dissipates a large amount of heat.

[0042] The fiber fabric layer 200 functions to: 1. improve the thermal insulation performance of the material by changing the contact thermal resistance between layers; 2. increase the strength of the heat-insulating material; and 3. slow the inward conduction of heat due to its low thermal conductivity. It is composed of at least one quartz fiber fabric layer and / or at least one oxide ceramic fiber fabric layer. The thermal conductivity of fiber fabric layer 200 is 0.03-0.05. The quartz fiber fabric layer is woven from quartz fibers with a temperature resistance of over 1500°C. The oxide ceramic fiber fabric layer is woven from fibers with a temperature resistance of 1800-2000°C.

[0043] See also Figure 3 The low thermal conductivity coating layer 300 is composed of a polymer heat-proof sealing layer 310, a porous foam layer 320, and a fiber layer 330 from the front to the back. The polymer heat-proof sealing layer 310 is made of a fluorosilicone composite material. The fiber layer 330 is a glass fiber layer or a quartz fiber layer.

[0044] The low thermal conductivity coating layer 300 has two main functions: A) If the temperature is not high enough, it foams to provide heat protection. B) If the temperature is high enough, it foams and then ablates to provide heat protection, sacrificing its own mass and transforming into small volatile molecules that carry away heat. Its main functions are: 1. The polymer heat-proof sealing layer 310 uses a chemical foaming agent to create a sponge material; 2. The porous foam layer 320 blocks heat penetration; 3. The fiber layer 330 provides reinforcement and support.

[0045] See also Figure 4 The organic flexible layer 400 is composed, from the front to the back, of an aerogel layer 410 and an organic flexible fiber layer 420. Because the metal reflective layer 100, fiber fabric layer 200, and low-thermal-conductivity coating layer 300 block most radiative heat flow, the organic flexible layer 400 primarily functions as a convection heat transfer layer. The organic flexible layer 400's functions include: 1. Utilizing the multi-reactive nanopores of the aerogel layer 410; 2. The organic flexible fiber layer 420 primarily provides vertical insulation; 3. It provides elastic shock absorption, protecting instruments and meters; and 4. It also prevents sharp corners from damaging the anti-cushion layer.

[0046] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material, characterized in that: It is composed of a metal reflective layer, a fiber fabric layer, a low thermal conductivity coating layer, and an organic flexible layer in order from the surface to the inside; The metal reflective layer is composed of a metal reflective foil, a polyimide adhesive layer, and a polyimide semi-treated polyamic acid resin layer from the front to the back; water is generated in the complete imidization process of the polyimide semi-treated polyamic acid resin layer, and the evaporation of water can take away a large amount of heat; the fiber fabric layer is composed of at least one layer of quartz fiber fabric layer and / or at least one layer of oxide ceramic fiber fabric layer; the organic flexible layer is composed of an aerogel layer and an organic flexible fiber layer from the front to the back; and the low thermal conductivity coating layer is composed of a polymer heat-proof sealing layer, a porous foaming layer, and a fiber layer from the front to the back.

2. The high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the metal reflective layer is 300 μm-400 μm.

3. The high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the metal reflective foil is 0.004mm-0.008mm.

4. The high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the polyimide adhesive layer is 100 μm-150 μm, and the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.09-0.

15.

5. The high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal conductivity coefficient of the fiber fabric layer is 0.03-0.

05.

6. The high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quartz fiber fabric layer is woven from quartz fibers having a temperature resistance of more than 1500°C.

7. The high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oxide ceramic fiber fabric layer is woven from oxide ceramic fibers having a temperature resistance of 1800°C to 2000°C.

8. The high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymer heat-proof sealing layer is made of a fluorine-silicon composite material.

9. The high thermal insulation thermal protection composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber layer is a glass fiber layer or a quartz fiber layer.

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