Electroforming Equipment Based on Sand-Buried Capillary Diamond Tools

Abstract

The present invention provides an electroforming device based on a buried-sand type capillary diamond tool, which is characterized in that it includes a frame, a shaft system mechanism for transmitting torque, a gear train mechanism, and a fixture mechanism for fixing a workpiece and buried sand; the shaft mechanism, the planetary gear mechanism, and the fixture bracket are all arranged inside the electrolytic cell frame, and the shaft mechanism is connected to the lower cover plate of the electrolytic cell and the motor through a bearing support rod and a coupling, the gear train mechanism is matched with the shaft mechanism through bearings and a rotating cover plate, and the internal gears mesh with each other, and the fixture mechanism is arranged below the gear train mechanism. The present invention can effectively realize the buried-sand operation, enable the workpiece to perform a combined revolution-rotation motion, and improve the tool quality by changing the motion mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electroforming machine tools, and specifically to an electroforming device based on a buried-sand type capillary diamond tool. Background Art

[0002] The manufacturing of diamond tools mainly includes brazing, hot pressing and electroforming. Brazing and hot pressing cause thermal damage to diamond tools, which will weaken the cutting performance of diamond abrasive grains. The electroforming process for manufacturing diamond tools has the advantages of low manufacturing temperature, small thermal damage, simple process and small equipment investment, making the electroforming process one of the excellent choices for the preparation of diamond tools.

[0003] Although the research on the electroforming process of diamond tools has been carried out for decades, there are still practical key problems such as low bonding strength and easy tool wear of diamond tools. At present, relevant researchers at home and abroad have adjusted process parameters such as current density and workpiece rotation speed to improve the performance of the matrix material of diamond tools. There are also those who choose multi-element alloy co-deposition as the matrix material to improve the mechanical properties such as the hardness of the tool.

[0004] However, most of the research selects drill tools with a relatively large diameter and improves the performance from the process flow. There are few studies starting from the motion state of the workpiece, and most choose the diamond motion mode as the suspension type and the co-deposition type. For traditional electroformed diamond tools, there are the following problems:

[0005] 1. Nowadays, the workpiece rotation method is mostly used for electroforming, but under long-term operation, build-up edge is likely to occur, which increases the difficulty of preparation for capillary diamond tools with high-precision requirements.

[0006] 2. There is little research on capillary diamond tools. Most of them select tools with a diameter of more than 6 mm, and generally choose the co-deposition or suspension method to embed diamond particles.

[0007] 3. Optimizing process parameters is the main content of most research, but there are few improvements to the workpiece performance from the perspective of the workpiece operation mode. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides an electroforming device based on a buried-sand type capillary diamond tool, which can effectively realize the buried-sand operation, enable the workpiece to perform combined revolution-rotation motion, and improve the tool quality by changing the motion mode.

[0009] The present invention comprises a frame, a shaft system mechanism for transmitting torque, a gear system mechanism and a clamp mechanism for fixing workpieces and burying sand; the shaft mechanism, planetary gear mechanism and clamp bracket are all arranged in the electrolytic cell frame, and the shaft mechanism is connected with the lower cover plate of the electrolytic cell and the motor through a bearing support rod and a coupling, the gear system mechanism cooperates with the shaft mechanism through a bearing and a rotating cover plate, the internal gears are meshed with each other, and the clamp mechanism is arranged below the gear system mechanism.

[0010] The frame includes a column, a base, an upper cover, an electrolytic cell, a motor and a speed regulator. The base and the upper cover are connected through the column to form an outer frame of the frame. The electrolytic cell is arranged in the center of the bottom plate. The motor and the speed regulator are connected to the upper cover. The shaft of the motor is arranged at the symmetrical center of the cover, which is the starting point of the motion state.

[0011] The shaft system mechanism is located in the outer frame of the frame, and includes a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a bearing fixing plate, an upper rotating plate and a lower rotating plate. The driving shaft body is in a step-like shape and is fixed to the columns on both sides through the bearing fixing plate. One end of the driving shaft is connected to the shaft of the motor through a coupling, and rotates approximately synchronously with the shaft of the motor, and the other end is connected to the planetary gear mechanism to realize the transmission function of approximately synchronous rotation motion; the driven shaft is distributed on both sides of the driving shaft and is symmetrically distributed along the driving shaft. The driving shaft body is connected with an upper rotating plate and a lower rotating plate, and the driven shaft body is in a step-like shape and is fixed by the upper rotating plate and the lower rotating plate; the upper rotating plate and the lower rotating plate mainly function to transmit orbital motion, so that the driving shaft and the driven shaft have the same angular velocity, and the clamp mechanism is fixed to the driven shaft, which can also obtain the same angular velocity to realize orbital motion.

[0012] The planetary gear mechanism is located in the outer frame of the frame, and includes a sun gear, planetary gears, a gear fixing plate and an internal gear. Two planetary gears are provided on both sides of the sun gear, and the two planetary gears are symmetrically meshed with the central axis of the sun gear. Each planetary gear is connected to a driven shaft by a pin-key fit. The sun gear is connected to the driving shaft in the shaft mechanism by a key fit, and rotates coaxially with the driving shaft. The planetary gears rotate with the sun gear through gear meshing, thereby driving the driven shaft to rotate; the gear fixing plate is fixed to the pillars on both sides, and an internal gear is opened in the center of the gear fixing plate, and the internal gear is meshed with the two planetary gears.

[0013] There are two sets of the fixture mechanisms, which are arranged below the gear train mechanism and respectively include a workpiece clamping sleeve, a workpiece, a filter box and an adjusting mechanism; the upper and lower ends of the workpiece clamping sleeve are respectively connected to the driven shaft and the workpiece to achieve the transmission of the motion state and the fixation of the workpiece; diamond sand is placed inside the filter box, and the upper end part is stepped, and it is connected to the workpiece clamping sleeve through the adjusting mechanism and suspended below the workpiece. The diameter of the upper part of the middle through hole of the workpiece clamping sleeve is slightly larger, and the diameter of the lower part is slightly larger than the diameter of the workpiece; the adjusting mechanism includes a nut, a lower adjusting plate and an adjusting screw rod, through holes are arranged on both sides of the lower adjusting plate, and the lower adjusting plate and the workpiece clamping sleeve are connected through the adjusting screw rod and the nut; by adjusting the nut, the lower adjusting plate can be lifted and lowered to achieve different sand embedding heights. The fixture mechanism can realize the state of the workpiece rotating while embedding sand, and can solve the problem that the electrolyte in the filter box is too little to effectively wrap the diamond. Through the rotational movement of the filter box, the electrolyte can be flushed into the gaps between the diamonds.

[0014] Further improvement: The electrolytic cell includes an outer frame and an anode frame, an anode backing plate and a bearing support rod arranged inside the outer frame; the outer frame is a three-dimensional rectangular box-shaped structure with a certain thickness; the anode frame is placed in the middle of the electrolytic cell, the anode backing plate is arranged at the bottom of the cell, and an anode plate is placed on the upper part of the anode backing plate; one end of the bearing support rod is fixed at the bottom of the electrolytic cell, and the other end is matched with the driving shaft through a deep groove ball bearing, so as to fix the driving shaft to rotate smoothly and reduce the shaft runout.

[0015] Further improvement: A carbon brush device is connected to the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the carbon brush device is connected to a power supply to realize the function of the shaft being electrified. The carbon brush device is in contact with the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and a continuous electroforming motion state can be realized during the operation of the workpiece and the sand embedding process.

[0016] Further improvement: Four circular anode frame bosses are arranged at the bottom of the anode frame, and circular pits matching the anode frame bosses are arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell, so as to cooperate with the annular anode frame to achieve the effect of fixing the anode.

[0017] Further improvement: The anode frame is in an intermittent rectangular hollow shape with a rotation angle of 360°, and anode metal balls and conductive plates are placed inside to realize the function of the annular anode in electroforming. The metal balls can generate a uniform annular electric field. The workpiece makes a combined motion of revolution and rotation in the electrolyte, and the distance between the workpiece and the annular anode remains unchanged, which can stably cut the electric field lines and is beneficial to improving the surface quality of the coating.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: It can effectively realize the sand embedding operation, enable the workpiece to make a combined motion of revolution and rotation, and improve the quality of the tool by changing the motion mode. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1It is the front view of this device;

[0020] Figure 2 It is the left view of this device;

[0021] Figure 3 It is the top view of this device;

[0022] Figure 4 It is the front view of the anode frame of this device;

[0023] Figure 5 It is the bottom view of the anode frame of this device;

[0024] Figure 6 It is the schematic diagram of the main shaft matching structure of this device;

[0025] Figure 7 It is the structure diagram of the main shaft of this device;

[0026] Figure 8 It is the front view and top view of the sun gear of this device;

[0027] Figure 9 It is the structure fitting diagram of the driven shaft of this device;

[0028] Figure 10 It is the structure fitting diagram of the fixture of this device;

[0029] Figure 11 It is the front view and left view of the clamping sleeve of this device;

[0030] Figure 12 It is the front view of the driven shaft of this device;

[0031] Figure 13 It is the schematic diagram of the gear train structure of this device;

[0032] Figure 14 It is the front view of the gear fixing plate of this device;

[0033] Figure 15 It is the top view of the gear fixing plate of this device.

[0034] 1 - upper cover plate; 2 - column; 3 - electrolytic cell; 4 - anode frame; 5 - gear fixing plate; 6 - coupling; 7 - driven shaft; 8 - bearing fixing plate; 9 - driving shaft; 10 - workpiece clamping sleeve; 11 - lower rotating plate; 12 - upper rotating plate; 13 - adjusting mechanism; 14 - filter frame; 15 - bearing support rod; 16 - anode backing plate; 17 - motor; 18 - speed governor; 19 - internal gear; 20 - sun gear; 21 - planetary gear; 22 - anode frame boss; 23 - deep groove ball bearing. Specific embodiments

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] The three views of the present invention are as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 . It includes a frame, a shaft system mechanism for transmitting torque, a gear train mechanism, and a fixture mechanism for fixing workpieces and burying sand. The shaft mechanism, planetary gear mechanism, and fixture support are all arranged inside the electrolytic cell frame. The shaft mechanism is connected to the lower cover plate and motor of the electrolytic cell through bearing support rods and couplings. The gear train mechanism is matched with the shaft mechanism through bearings and rotating cover plates, and the internal gears mesh with each other. The fixture mechanism is arranged below the gear train mechanism.

[0037] The frame includes columns 2, a base, an upper cover plate 1, an electrolytic cell 3, a motor 17, and a speed regulator 18. The base and the upper cover plate 1 are connected by columns 2 to form the outer frame of the frame. The electrolytic cell is arranged in the center of the bottom plate. The motor 17 and the speed regulator 18 are connected to the upper cover plate 1, and the shaft of the motor is arranged at the symmetric center of the cover plate, which is the starting point of the motion state.

[0038] The shaft system mechanism is located inside the outer frame of the frame and includes a driving shaft 9, a driven shaft 7, a bearing fixing plate 8, an upper rotating plate 12, and a lower rotating plate 11. The shaft body of the driving shaft 9 is stepped and is fixed to the two side columns through the bearing fixing plate 8. One end of the driving shaft is connected to the shaft of the motor 17 through a coupling 6 and rotates approximately synchronously with the shaft of the motor. The other end is connected to the planetary gear mechanism to realize the transmission function of approximately synchronous rotation. The driven shafts 7 are distributed on both sides of the driving shaft 9 symmetrically along the driving shaft 9. The shaft body of the driving shaft is connected with the upper rotating plate 12 and the lower rotating plate 11. The shaft body of the driven shaft 7 is stepped and is fixed through the upper rotating plate 12 and the lower rotating plate 11. The main function of the upper rotating plate and the lower rotating plate is to transmit the revolution motion, so that the driving shaft and the driven shaft have the same angular velocity. The fixture mechanism is fixed to the driven shaft and can also obtain the same angular velocity to realize the revolution motion.

[0039] The planetary gear mechanism is located inside the outer frame of the frame and includes a sun gear 20, planetary gears 21, a gear fixing plate, and an internal gear 19. There are two planetary gears 21 on both sides of the sun gear 20. The two planetary gears 21 are symmetrically meshed with the central axis of the sun gear. Each planetary gear 21 is connected to a driven shaft 7 through a pin-key fit. The sun gear 20 is connected to the driving shaft in the shaft mechanism through a key fit and rotates coaxially with the driving shaft. The planetary gears 21 rotate following the sun gear 20 through gear meshing, thereby driving the driven shafts 7 to rotate. The gear fixing plate is fixed to the two side columns. An internal gear 19 is opened in the center of the gear fixing plate, and the internal gear 19 meshes with the two planetary gears 21.

[0040] There are two sets of the fixture mechanisms, which are arranged below the gear train mechanism and respectively include a workpiece clamping sleeve 10, a workpiece, a filter box 14 and an adjusting mechanism 13; the upper and lower ends of the workpiece clamping sleeve are respectively connected to the driven shaft and the workpiece to realize the transmission of the motion state and the fixation of the workpiece; diamond sand is placed inside the filter box, the upper end part is in a stepped shape, and it is connected to the workpiece clamping sleeve through the adjusting mechanism and suspended below the workpiece. The diameter of the upper part of the middle through hole of the workpiece clamping sleeve is slightly larger, and the diameter of the lower part is slightly larger than the diameter of the workpiece; the adjusting mechanism includes a nut, a lower adjusting plate and an adjusting screw rod, through holes are arranged on both sides of the lower adjusting plate, and it is connected to the lower adjusting plate and the workpiece clamping sleeve through the adjusting screw rod and the nut; the lower adjusting plate can be lifted by adjusting the nut to realize different sand embedding heights. The fixture mechanism can realize the state that the workpiece rotates and embeds sand at the same time, and can solve the problem that the electrolyte in the filter box is too little to effectively wrap the diamond. Through the rotational movement of the filter box, the electrolyte can be flushed into the gaps between the diamonds.

[0041] Further improvement: the electrolytic cell includes an outer frame and an anode frame 4, an anode backing plate 16 and a bearing support rod 15 arranged inside the outer frame; the outer frame is a three-dimensional rectangular box-shaped structure with a certain thickness; the anode frame is placed in the middle of the electrolytic cell, the anode backing plate 16 is arranged at the bottom of the cell, and an anode plate is placed on the upper part of the anode backing plate 16; one end of the bearing support rod is fixed to the bottom of the electrolytic cell, and the other end is matched with the driving shaft 9 through a deep groove ball bearing 23, so as to fix the driving shaft to rotate smoothly and reduce the shaft runout.

[0042] Further improvement: carbon brush devices are connected to the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the carbon brush devices are connected to a power supply to realize the function of electrifying the shafts. The carbon brush devices are in contact with the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and a continuous electroforming motion state can be realized during the operation and sand embedding process of the workpiece.

[0043] Further improvement: four circular anode frame bosses 23 are arranged at the bottom of the anode frame 4, and circular pits matching the anode frame bosses 23 are arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell, so as to cooperate with the annular anode frame to achieve the effect of fixing the anode.

[0044] Further improvement: the anode frame is in an intermittent rectangular hollow shape with a rotation angle of 360°, and anode metal balls and conductive plates are placed inside to realize the function of the annular anode in electroforming. The metal balls can generate an annular uniform electric field. The workpiece makes a combined motion of revolution and rotation in the electrolyte, and the distance between the workpiece and the annular anode remains unchanged, which can stably cut the electric field lines and is beneficial to improving the surface quality of the coating.

[0045] For electroforming, the electric field has a particularly significant impact on the quality of the workpiece, so the material selection should be extremely cautious. The electrolytic cell, anode frame, upper rotating plate, lower rotating plate, coupling, and bearing support rod are all made of epoxy resin; the sun gear, internal gear, and planetary gear are all made of plastic; the driving shaft, driven shaft, and fixed nut are all made of stainless steel.

[0046] The specific electroforming process of the device can be described as follows: First, pour the relevant electrolytic solution into the electrolytic cell, and slowly heat the solution to the required temperature through the external temperature control device and the heating rod. Place a high-purity metal ball (such as a nickel ball) in the anode frame, place the conductive plate in it, and place an anode plate of the same shape and size on the anode pad of the electrolytic cell. The power supply is connected to the conductive plate, the anode on the bottom plate and the carbon brush respectively. The pre-treated workpiece is installed and fixed in the clamping sleeve. In the second step, turn on the power supply, and make the anode conductive through the wire and the carbon brush. The workpiece is charged through the driven shaft, the clamping sleeve and the bolt, and serves as the cathode of the electroforming process. Turn on the motor, adjust the speed regulator, and the driving shaft obtains the same rotation motion as the motor shaft through the coupling. The upper and lower rotating plates obtain the same angular velocity as the motor shaft under the drive of the driving shaft. Driven by the driven shaft, the planetary gears on both sides mesh with the internal gear to form a revolution motion around the driving shaft, so that the capillary workpiece revolves. The sun gear has the same rotational motion as the driving shaft through key matching, and the sun gear meshes with the planetary gear, so that the planetary gear obtains self-rotation motion. As a result, the workpiece finally produces a combined revolution-self-rotation motion. The third step is to perform the sand burying operation, and place diamond sand in the filter frame to a suitable height. Stop rotating the workpiece, hang the filter frame on the lower adjustment plate, and control the sand burying height by adjusting the screw. After the sand burying time is over, take out the filter frame, continue to rotate the workpiece, and thicken it. After thickening for a certain period of time, take it out and wash it. The sand burying operation can be performed multiple times according to the actual workpiece needs. At this point, the entire electroforming capillary diamond tool is completed.

[0047] The present invention has many specific application paths. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electroforming device based on a buried-sand type capillary diamond tool, characterized in that: It includes a frame, a shaft system mechanism for transmitting torque, a gear train mechanism, and a fixture mechanism for fixing workpieces and buried sand; the shaft mechanism, planetary gear mechanism, and fixture support are all arranged inside the electrolytic cell frame, and the shaft mechanism is connected to the lower cover plate and motor of the electrolytic cell through a bearing support rod and a coupling, the gear train mechanism is matched with the shaft mechanism through bearings and a rotating cover plate, and the internal gears mesh with each other, and the fixture mechanism is arranged below the gear train mechanism; The frame includes columns (2), a base, an upper cover plate (1), an electrolytic cell (3), a motor (17), and a speed regulator (18). The base and the upper cover plate (1) are connected by columns (2) to form the outer frame of the frame. The electrolytic cell is arranged in the center of the bottom plate. The motor (17) and the speed regulator (18) are connected to the upper cover plate (1), and the shaft of the motor is arranged at the symmetric center of the cover plate; The shaft system mechanism is located inside the outer frame of the frame and includes a driving shaft (9), a driven shaft (7), a bearing fixing plate (8), an upper rotating plate (12), and a lower rotating plate (11). The shaft body of the driving shaft (9) is stepped and is fixed to the two side columns through the bearing fixing plate (8). One end of the driving shaft is connected to the shaft of the motor (17) through a coupling (6) and rotates approximately synchronously with the shaft of the motor. The other end is connected to the planetary gear mechanism; the driven shafts (7) are distributed on both sides of the driving shaft (9) symmetrically along the driving shaft (9). The shaft body of the driving shaft is connected with an upper rotating plate (12) and a lower rotating plate (11). The shaft body of the driven shaft (7) is stepped and is fixed through the upper rotating plate (12) and the lower rotating plate (11); The planetary gear mechanism is located inside the outer frame of the frame and includes a sun gear (20), planetary gears (21), a gear fixing plate (5), and an internal gear (19). There are two planetary gears (21) arranged on both sides of the sun gear (20). The two planetary gears (21) are symmetrically meshed with the central axis of the sun gear. Each planetary gear (21) is connected to a driven shaft (7) through a pin-key fit. The sun gear (20) is connected to the driving shaft in the shaft mechanism through a key fit and rotates coaxially with the driving shaft. The planetary gears (21) rotate following the sun gear (20) through gear meshing, thereby driving the driven shafts (7) to rotate; the gear fixing plate is fixed to the two side columns, and an internal gear (19) is opened in the center of the gear fixing plate. The internal gear (19) meshes with the two planetary gears (21); There are two sets of the fixture mechanisms, which are arranged below the gear train mechanism and respectively include a workpiece clamping sleeve (10), a workpiece, a filter box (14), and an adjusting mechanism (13); the upper and lower ends of the workpiece clamping sleeve are respectively connected to the driven shaft and the workpiece; diamond sand is placed inside the filter box. The upper end part is stepped and is connected to the workpiece clamping sleeve through the adjusting mechanism and is suspended below the workpiece; The electrolytic cell (3) includes an outer frame and an anode frame (4), an anode backing plate (16), and a bearing support rod (15) arranged inside the outer frame; four circular anode frame bosses (23) are arranged at the bottom of the anode frame (4), and circular pits matching the anode frame bosses (23) are arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.

2. The electroforming equipment based on the buried-sand type capillary diamond cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A carbon brush device is connected to the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the carbon brush device is connected to a power supply.

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