A front-drive rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis

Abstract

The present invention discloses a front-drive rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis in the technical field of agricultural and animal husbandry machinery, comprising a frame, three bridges, a cross-swing structure and a steering synchronization structure. The three bridges comprise a driving axle installed at the front end of the frame and a steering double-bridge four-wheel installed at the rear end of the frame. The steering double-bridge four-wheel consists of a steering front axle, a steering rear axle and wheels installed on the steering front axle and the steering rear axle. The cross-swing structure comprises a cross-swing frame installed on the frame, a longitudinal swing shaft is provided at the middle of the cross-swing frame, the steering synchronization structure comprises a steering synchronization shaft, and the two ends of the steering synchronization shaft are respectively connected to a steering synchronization front swing arm and a steering synchronization rear swing arm. Under the premise of ensuring flexibility, a large load capacity is met. Compared with the double bridge, the single bridge of the three bridges has a low load capacity, and the requirements for the bridge, tires, etc. are relatively low. It does not damage the ground, is relatively not easy to sink in muddy and sandy ground, and does not drag the wheel when turning at a large angle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural and animal husbandry machinery, in particular to a front-drive and rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis. Background Art

[0002] With the development of cattle farms, machines in the cowshed, such as manure cleaning trucks and bedding material spreading trucks, are widely used. As the size of the cattle herd grows, the amount of cow dung that needs to be cleaned and the amount of bedding material used are increasing. The contradiction between the carrying capacity and flexibility of manure cleaning trucks and bedding material spreading trucks begins to appear. If the carrying capacity is large, the vehicle size is large, and it is difficult to enter or exit the cowshed. If the flexibility is good, the vehicle size is small, and the carrying capacity is insufficient.

[0003] The prior art has the following defects:

[0004] 1) Front-wheel drive, rear-steering: Compared with rear-wheel drive, front-steering has higher flexibility, but the steering axle has relatively low load-bearing capacity, and the load-bearing box is just behind the car. Therefore, the technical solution of front-wheel drive, rear-steering has limited load-bearing capacity.

[0005] 2) Rear-wheel drive, front steering: Lack of flexibility, especially for bedroller scatterers modified from road vehicles, which are not suitable for operation in cowsheds.

[0006] 3) Double axle: No matter it is front-wheel drive and rear-steering or rear-wheel drive and front-steering, when the load capacity increases, the load capacity of a single axle is too large, which starts to damage the ground of the cowshed and is relatively easy to sink on muddy and sandy ground.

[0007] 4) Four-wheel steering side steering rod: For example, for a truck with four front guide wheels, the steering synchronization rod is on the inner side of the tire on one side of the vehicle. When the ground is uneven and the front and rear steering wheels float up and down relative to each other, the steering synchronization is affected, and the steering angle of the steering wheel is limited due to the position of the steering synchronization rod.

[0008] Based on this, the present invention designs a front-drive, rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis, which meets the large load-bearing capacity under the premise of ensuring flexibility. Compared with double-axles, the single-axle load-bearing capacity of three-axles is low, and the requirements for bridges, tires, etc. are relatively low. It does not damage the ground, and is relatively difficult to sink in mud and sand. The four wheels have stronger grip than the two wheels, and there is no dragging of the wheels when turning at a large angle, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a front-wheel drive rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis to solve the problem that the prior art four-wheel synchronous steering technology proposed in the above background technology is not suitable for bumpy roads, and after a large load capacity, the load capacity shared by a single bridge is too large, the ground of the cattle shed is damaged, mud and sand are relatively easy to sink, the flexibility is insufficient, and it cannot operate in the cattle shed.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a front-drive rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis, comprising a frame, three axles, a cross swing structure and a steering synchronization structure, wherein the three axles include a drive axle installed at the front end of the frame and a steering double-axle four-wheel installed at the rear end of the frame, and the steering double-axle four-wheel consists of a steering front axle and a steering rear axle and wheels installed on the steering front axle and the steering rear axle;

[0011] The cross-swing structure includes a cross-swing frame installed on the frame, a longitudinal swing shaft is provided in the middle of the cross-swing frame, two ends of the longitudinal swing shaft are rotatably inserted between the cross-swing frame and the longitudinal swing shaft mounting plates on both sides of the frame, the steering front axle and the steering rear axle swing up and down through the longitudinal swing shaft, a steering front axle swing shaft and a steering rear axle swing shaft are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the cross-swing frame, the steering front axle swing shaft and the steering rear axle swing shaft are fixed between two groups of swing shaft mounting plates on both sides of the bottom of the cross-swing frame, and the steering front axle swing shaft and the steering rear axle swing shaft are rotatably connected with the steering front axle and the steering rear axle respectively, and the steering front axle and the steering rear axle swing left and right through the steering front axle swing shaft and the steering rear axle swing shaft;

[0012] The steering synchronization structure includes a steering synchronization shaft, and a steering synchronization shaft mounting plate is also fixed between two groups of swing shaft mounting plates on both sides of the bottom of the cross swing frame. The steering synchronization shaft sequentially passes through the through holes opened on the steering synchronization shaft mounting plate and the through holes opened on the two groups of swing shaft mounting plates close to the driving axle side, and the two ends of the steering synchronization shaft are respectively connected to the steering synchronization front rocker arm and the steering synchronization rear rocker arm. A steering tie rod is connected between the wheel steering shafts of the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and the ends of the steering synchronization front rocker arm and the steering synchronization rear rocker arm are respectively connected to one end of a steering synchronization tie rod, and the other ends of the two steering synchronization tie rods are respectively connected to the wheel steering shafts at one end on the same side of the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and the two steering tie rods and the steering synchronization tie rod are respectively connected to the same side of the wheel steering shafts of the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and the side of the wheel steering shaft away from the steering tie rod is respectively connected to one end of the two steering oil cylinders, and the other ends of the steering oil cylinders connected to the wheel steering shafts of the steering front axle and the steering rear axle are respectively connected to the steering front axle and the steering rear axle.

[0013] Preferably, the longitudinal swing axis is parallel to the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and is arranged perpendicular to the cross swing frame.

[0014] Preferably, the steering front axle swing axis and the steering rear axle swing axis are respectively arranged perpendicular to the steering front axle and the steering rear axle.

[0015] Preferably, the steering synchronization axis is perpendicular to the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and is arranged parallel to and directly above or directly below the steering front axle swing axis and the steering rear axle swing axis.

[0016] Preferably, the length of the steering synchronous front rocker arm close to the side of the driving axle is smaller than the length of the steering synchronous rear rocker arm, and the length ratio of the steering synchronous front rocker arm to the steering synchronous rear rocker arm is equal to the steering angle ratio of the steering front axle to the steering rear axle.

[0017] Preferably, a damper is further included, one end of the damper is fixed to the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and the other end of the damper is connected to the vehicle frame.

[0018] Preferably, the steering synchronization shaft is located below the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and the steering synchronization front rocker arm and the steering synchronization rear rocker arm at both ends of the steering synchronization shaft are arranged upward.

[0019] Preferably, the steering synchronization shaft is located above the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and the steering synchronization front rocker arm and the steering synchronization rear rocker arm at both ends of the steering synchronization shaft are arranged downward.

[0020] Preferably, the longitudinal sway axis and the sway axis of the steering front axle and the sway axis of the steering rear axle are arranged up and down or in the same plane.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: this front-drive rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis has a novel structural design, and can meet the large load-bearing capacity while ensuring flexibility. Compared with double-axles, the single-axle load-bearing capacity of three-axles is low, and the requirements for bridges, tires, etc. are relatively low. It does not damage the ground, and is relatively difficult to sink in mud and sand. The four wheels have stronger grip than the two wheels, and there is no drag on large-angle turns. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a side view of the frame of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the steering axle structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the damper installation structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the steering synchronization structure of the present invention.

[0028] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0029] 1. Frame; 2. Cross swing frame; 3. Drive axle; 4. Steering front axle; 5. Steering rear axle; 6. Longitudinal swing shaft; 7. Steering front axle swing shaft; 8. Steering rear axle swing shaft; 9. Steering synchronization shaft; 10. Steering synchronization front rocker arm; 11. Steering synchronization rear rocker arm; 12. Steering synchronization tie rod; 13. Steering tie rod; 14. Steering cylinder; 15. Damper; 16. Longitudinal swing shaft mounting plate; 17. Rocking shaft mounting plate; 18. Steering synchronization shaft mounting plate; 19. Wheel steering shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] See also Figure 1-5 The present invention provides a technical solution: a front-drive rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis, comprising a frame 1, three bridges, a cross swing structure and a steering synchronization structure, wherein the three bridges comprise a driving bridge 3 mounted on the front end of the frame 1 and a steering double-bridge four-wheel mounted on the rear end of the frame 1, and the steering double-bridge four-wheel consists of a steering front bridge 4 and a steering rear bridge 5 and wheels mounted on the steering front bridge 4 and the steering rear bridge 5;

[0032] The cross-swing structure includes a cross-swing frame 2 installed on the frame 1, and a longitudinal swing shaft 6 is provided in the middle of the cross-swing frame 2. Both ends of the longitudinal swing shaft 6 are rotatably inserted between the cross-swing frame 2 and the longitudinal swing shaft mounting plates 16 on both sides of the frame 1. The longitudinal swing shaft 6 is parallel to the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5, and is arranged perpendicular to the cross-swing frame 2. The steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 are swung up and down through the longitudinal swing shaft 6 to adapt to uneven roads and evenly share the load.

[0033] A steering front axle swing shaft 7 and a steering rear axle swing shaft 8 are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the cross swing frame 2. The steering front axle swing shaft 7 and the steering rear axle swing shaft 8 are fixed between two groups of swing shaft mounting plates 17 on both sides of the bottom of the cross swing frame 2, and the steering front axle swing shaft 7 and the steering rear axle swing shaft 8 are rotatably connected to the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 respectively. The steering front axle swing shaft 7 and the steering rear axle swing shaft 8 are respectively perpendicular to the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5. The steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 are swung left and right through the steering front axle swing shaft 7 and the steering rear axle swing shaft 8 to adapt to uneven roads and evenly share the load.

[0034] The steering synchronization structure includes a steering synchronization shaft 9, which is perpendicular to the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5, and is arranged parallel to the steering front axle swing shaft 7 and the steering rear axle swing shaft 8. A steering synchronization shaft mounting plate 18 is also fixed between the two groups of swing shaft mounting plates 17 on both sides of the bottom of the cross swing frame 2. The steering synchronization shaft 9 sequentially passes through the through holes opened on the steering synchronization shaft mounting plate 18 and the through holes opened on the two groups of swing shaft mounting plates 17 on the side close to the driving axle 3, and the two ends of the steering synchronization shaft 9 are respectively connected to the steering synchronization front rocker arm 10 and the steering synchronization rear rocker arm 11, and the steering pull rod 13 is connected between the wheel steering shafts 19 of the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5. The ends of the arm 10 and the steering synchronous rear rocker arm 11 are respectively connected to one end of a steering synchronous tie rod 12, and the other ends of the two steering synchronous tie rods 12 are respectively connected to the wheel steering shaft 19 at the same side of the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5. The two steering tie rods 13 and the steering synchronous tie rod 12 are respectively connected to the same side of the wheel steering shaft 19 of the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5. The side of the wheel steering shaft 19 away from the steering tie rod 13 is respectively connected to one end of the two steering cylinders 14, and the other ends of the steering cylinders 14 connected to the wheel steering shafts 19 of the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 are respectively connected to the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5. This design enables the four wheels to steer synchronously.

[0035] The steering synchronizing shaft 9 is parallel to and directly above and below the steering front axle swing shaft 7 and the steering rear axle swing shaft 8 to minimize the influence of the up and down swinging of the four steering wheels on the synchronous steering due to uneven road surface. When the steering synchronizing shaft 9 is in the same position as the steering front axle swing shaft 7 and the steering rear axle swing shaft 8, the relative swinging of the four wheels does not affect the steering.

[0036] Among them, the length of the steering synchronous front swing arm 10 close to the side of the driving axle 3 is smaller than the length of the steering synchronous rear swing arm 11, and the length ratio of the steering synchronous front swing arm 10 and the steering synchronous rear swing arm 11 is equal to the steering angle ratio of the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5. The proportional steering of the front and rear wheels of the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 is achieved by the length ratio of the steering synchronous front swing arm 10 and the steering synchronous rear swing arm 11. Different ratios result in different steering angles, and in conjunction with the steering synchronous pull rod 12, the six wheel center vertical lines intersect at a certain steering angle to lock the angle.

[0037] The vehicle also includes a damper 15. The steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 fix one end of the damper 15. The other end of the damper 15 is connected to the vehicle frame 1 to suppress the swaying of the vehicle body and stabilize the vehicle body.

[0038] The steering synchronization shaft 9 is located below the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5, and the steering synchronization front rocker arm 10 and the steering synchronization rear rocker arm 11 at both ends of the steering synchronization shaft 9 are arranged upward. The steering synchronization shaft 9 is located above the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5, and the steering synchronization front rocker arm 10 and the steering synchronization rear rocker arm 11 at both ends of the steering synchronization shaft 9 are arranged downward. The longitudinal swing axis 6 and the steering front axle swing axis 7 and the steering rear axle swing axis 8 are arranged up and down or in the same plane.

[0039] The specific working principle is as follows: a longitudinal swing axis is designed in the middle of the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5, which is parallel to the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 and perpendicular to the cross swing frame 2. The steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 swing up and down through the longitudinal swing axis, and a steering front axle swing axis 7 and a steering rear axle swing axis 8 are provided between two groups of swing axis mounting plates 17 fixed on both sides of the bottom of the cross swing frame 2. The steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 swing left and right through the steering front axle swing axis 7 and the steering rear axle swing axis 8 to adapt to uneven roads and achieve even load sharing.

[0040] A steering synchronization shaft 9 is arranged perpendicular to the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 and parallel to the steering front axle swing shaft 7 and the steering rear axle swing shaft 8. Two ends of the steering synchronization shaft 9 are respectively connected to a steering synchronization front rocker arm 10 and a steering synchronization rear rocker arm 11. The ends of the steering synchronization front rocker arm 10 and the steering synchronization rear rocker arm 11 are respectively connected to one end of a steering synchronization tie rod 12. The other ends of the two steering synchronization tie rods 12 are respectively connected to the wheel steering shaft 19 at one end on the same side of the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5. The two steering tie rods 13 and the steering synchronization tie rod 12 are respectively connected to the same side of the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 and the wheel steering shaft 19. This design enables the four wheels to steer synchronously.

[0041] The purpose is to minimize the influence of the up and down swing of the four steering wheels due to uneven road surface by making the steering synchronous shaft 9 parallel and directly above and below the steering front axle swing shaft 7 and the steering rear axle swing shaft 8. When the steering synchronous shaft 9 is in the same position as the steering front axle swing shaft 7 and the steering rear axle swing shaft 8, the relative swing of the four wheels does not affect the steering. The steering angle ratio of the front and rear wheels of the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 is achieved by the length ratio of the steering synchronous front rocker arm 10 and the steering synchronous rear rocker arm 11. Different ratios result in different steering angles. In conjunction with the steering synchronous tie rod 12 and the steering tie rod 13, the six wheel center vertical lines intersect at a certain steering angle, and the angle is locked.

[0042] The wheel steering shafts 19 of the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 are driven respectively by four groups of steering cylinders 14 to perform same-side steering. The damper 15 connected between the steering front axle 4 and the steering rear axle 5 and the frame 1 plays a role in suppressing the swaying of the vehicle body and stabilizing the vehicle body.

[0043] Under the premise of ensuring flexibility, it meets the large load-bearing capacity. Compared with double-bridge and triple-bridge, the single-bridge has a low load-bearing capacity and has relatively low requirements for bridges, tires, etc. It does not damage the ground and is relatively difficult to sink in mud and sand. The four-wheel grip is stronger than the two-wheel, and there is no drag when turning at a large angle.

[0044] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0045] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A front-drive, rear-four-wheel-steering three-axle chassis, Features: It includes a vehicle frame, three bridges, a cross swing structure and a steering synchronization structure, wherein the three bridges include a driving bridge installed at the front end of the vehicle frame and a steering double-bridge four-wheel vehicle installed at the rear end of the vehicle frame, and the steering double-bridge four-wheel vehicle includes a steering front bridge, a steering rear bridge and wheels installed on the steering front bridge and the steering rear bridge; The cross-swing structure includes a cross-swing frame installed on the frame, a longitudinal swing shaft is provided in the middle of the cross-swing frame, two ends of the longitudinal swing shaft are rotatably inserted between the cross-swing frame and the longitudinal swing shaft mounting plates on both sides of the frame, the steering front axle and the steering rear axle swing up and down through the longitudinal swing shaft, a steering front axle swing shaft and a steering rear axle swing shaft are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the cross-swing frame, the steering front axle swing shaft and the steering rear axle swing shaft are fixed between two groups of swing shaft mounting plates on both sides of the bottom of the cross-swing frame, and the steering front axle swing shaft and the steering rear axle swing shaft are rotatably connected with the steering front axle and the steering rear axle respectively, and the steering front axle and the steering rear axle swing left and right through the steering front axle swing shaft and the steering rear axle swing shaft; The steering synchronization structure includes a steering synchronization shaft, and a steering synchronization shaft mounting plate is also fixed between two groups of swing shaft mounting plates on both sides of the bottom of the cross swing frame. The steering synchronization shaft sequentially passes through the through holes opened on the steering synchronization shaft mounting plate and the through holes opened on the two groups of swing shaft mounting plates close to the driving axle side, and the two ends of the steering synchronization shaft are respectively connected to the steering synchronization front rocker arm and the steering synchronization rear rocker arm. A steering tie rod is connected between the wheel steering shafts of the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and the ends of the steering synchronization front rocker arm and the steering synchronization rear rocker arm are respectively connected to one end of a steering synchronization tie rod, and the other ends of the two steering synchronization tie rods are respectively connected to the wheel steering shafts at one end on the same side of the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and the two steering tie rods and the steering synchronization tie rod are respectively connected to the same side of the wheel steering shafts of the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and the side of the wheel steering shaft away from the steering tie rod is respectively connected to one end of the two steering oil cylinders, and the other ends of the steering oil cylinders connected to the wheel steering shafts of the steering front axle and the steering rear axle are respectively connected to the steering front axle and the steering rear axle.

2. A front-drive, rear-four-wheel-steering three-axle chassis according to claim 1, Features: The longitudinal swing axis is parallel to the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and is arranged perpendicular to the cross swing frame.

3. A front-drive rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis according to claim 1, Features: The steering front axle swing shaft and the steering rear axle swing shaft are respectively arranged perpendicularly to the steering front axle and the steering rear axle.

4. A front-drive rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis according to claim 1, Features: The steering synchronization shaft is perpendicular to the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and is arranged parallel to and directly above or directly below the steering front axle swing axis and the steering rear axle swing axis.

5. A front-drive rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis according to claim 1, Features: The length of the steering synchronous front swing arm close to the side of the driving axle is less than the length of the steering synchronous rear swing arm, and the length ratio of the steering synchronous front swing arm to the steering synchronous rear swing arm is equal to the steering angle ratio of the steering front axle to the steering rear axle.

6. A front-drive, rear-four-wheel-steering three-axle chassis according to claim 1, Features: The vehicle also comprises a damper, one end of which is fixed to the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and the other end of which is connected to the vehicle frame.

7. The front-drive rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis according to claim 1, Features: The steering synchronization shaft is located below the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and the steering synchronization front rocker arms and the steering synchronization rear rocker arms at two ends of the steering synchronization shaft are arranged upward.

8. The front-drive rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis according to claim 1, Features: The steering synchronization shaft is located above the steering front axle and the steering rear axle, and the steering synchronization front rocker arm and the steering synchronization rear rocker arm at both ends of the steering synchronization shaft are arranged downward.

9. The front-drive rear four-wheel steering three-axle chassis according to claim 1, Features: The longitudinal swing axis and the steering front axle swing axis and the steering rear axle swing axis are arranged up and down or in the same plane.

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