Hole Straightening Equipment and Method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing, and specifically relates to hole straightening equipment and methods for detecting the straightness of holes and straightening the holes. It includes a special force applicator array or ordinary force applicators, a guiding reference, a detection device, an optical device, etc. The length of the light ray is greater than, less than, or equal to the length of the workpiece. In one detection, the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver remains unchanged; the light ray passes through from the outside or inside of the hole; the axis of the detection head does not coincide with the light ray. The measurement is based on the surface of the hole wall, rather than on several points or a generatrix. The steps of the hole straightening method are as follows: First, the workpiece with holes moves relative to the guiding reference, one end of the detection device contacts the hole wall, and the other end swings around a fulcrum; the light ray and the light spot change with the swing of the detection device; the reading device displays the change in the position of the light spot or the error. Second, the force applicator applies force to straighten the workpiece. Third, when necessary, repeat the detection or repeat the application of force. The present invention can achieve high detection and straightening accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing, and particularly relates to hole straightening equipment and methods. Background Art

[0002] Copper and steel slender pipe fittings are widely used in various mechanical equipment. The processing methods of pipes include drawing and turning. During the machining process, stress and machining errors are likely to occur, and the pipe fittings are bent and deformed. The straightness of the drawn pipes is not high either. Pipe fittings with high requirements for the straightness and coaxiality of the inner hole also need to be straightened. The traditional method is to straighten based on the outer circle of the pipe. Due to the principle error, it is difficult to well guarantee the straightness of the inner hole of the pipe after straightening. Therefore, for pipe fittings with high requirements for the straightness of the inner hole, the inner hole should be used as the reference for straightening. However, for some pipes with a small inner diameter, it is difficult to measure the inner hole, and it is also difficult to straighten.

[0003] In the prior art, the straightening of pipe fittings is carried out on a machine tool or other mechanical equipment that can apply force. The pipe to be straightened is supported on the workbench by two V-shaped pads, the pressure head is adjusted to an appropriate position, the straightness of the hole is first measured using a dial indicator or a micrometer, and then an appropriate pressure is applied according to the reading, and this is repeated so that the straightness of the pipe fitting can reach the required result. This method has low detection and straightening accuracy and low work efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to use the optical principle to detect the straightness of the hole or other shape and position errors, improve the scientificity of applying force, and straighten the workpiece with holes.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following innovative technical solutions.

[0006] 1. The hole straightening equipment includes a plurality of special force applicators or ordinary force applicators, a guiding reference, a driving device, a detecting device, an optical device, a supporting device, and a reading device. It is characterized in that: a plurality of special force applicators are distributed along the length direction and the circumferential direction of the surface of the workpiece with holes, forming a special force applicator array; before applying force, the error of each force application part deviating from the ideal position is measured; the magnitude of the force applied by each special force applicator is related to the error of the force application part deviating from the ideal position, the larger the error, the greater the applied force, and the smaller the error, the smaller the applied force; when measuring the error of each part, the driving device or manual operation makes the workpiece with holes or the detecting device move relative to the guiding reference; during the measurement process, one end of the detecting device has a fulcrum and swings in space around the fulcrum, and the other end contacts the hole wall; the light and light spot of the optical device change with the swing of the detecting device; the reading device displays the position of the light spot or the information after its transformation; the light passes through from the outside or inside of the hole; the optical device has a light emitter, light, and a light receiver, the length of the light is greater than or less than or equal to the length of the workpiece, and in one detection, the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver is constant; the workpiece with holes is placed vertically or horizontally; the detecting device adopts a symmetric structure or an asymmetric structure.

[0007] 2. Referring to the hole straightening device described in Innovation Point 1, it is characterized in that: the guiding reference has a guiding body, the driving device has a sliding body, the detecting device has a detecting rod and a detecting head, and the reading device has a display; the driving device drives the detecting device or the workpiece with holes to move along the guiding body; the detecting rod has a fulcrum and can swing in space around the fulcrum, the detecting head is located on the detecting rod and contacts the hole wall; the detecting rod can swing with the change of the contact part between the detecting head and the hole relative to the guiding reference; the light emitter is located on the detecting rod, and the emitted light is directed towards the light receiver; the change in the position of the exploring rod causes changes in the positions of the light emitter, the light beam, and the light spot on the light receiver; the display can reflect the change in the position of the light spot; the light beam is directed towards the light receiver from the outside or inside of the hole.

[0008] 3. Referring to the hole straightening device described in Innovation Point 1, it is characterized in that the fulcrum of the swing of the detecting device is located at any end of the hole, and the positions of other parts change with the position of the fulcrum; the guiding reference is a machine tool guide rail or other guiding objects, and the driving device is a machine tool carriage or other driving objects.

[0009] 4. Referring to the hole straightening device described in Innovation Point 1, it is characterized in that the detecting device has a ball pair, a ball bearing or other connection structures at the swing fulcrum part, and the other connection structures enable the detecting rod to swing.

[0010] 5. Referring to the hole straightening device described in Innovation Point 1, it is characterized in that: the detecting device has a clearance adjustment mechanism at the swing fulcrum; the part of the detecting device located inside the hole can automatically adapt to the change of the hole diameter.

[0011] 6. Referring to the hole straightening device described in Innovation Point 1, it is characterized in that: an anti-rotation device is provided outside the detecting rod or its extended or enlarged part.

[0012] 7. Referring to the hole straightening device described in Innovation Point 6, it is characterized in that: the outer contour of the detecting rod or its extended or enlarged part and the inner contour of the anti-rotation device have a cross-section other than circular, and when the anti-rotation device is fixed, the relative rotational movement between the two is restricted; or the anti-rotation device applies an electromagnetic force to the detecting rod or its extended or enlarged part, and the main component of the electromagnetic torque is opposite to the tendency of the detecting rod to rotate around the hole axis; or the anti-rotation device is an elastic body that applies a frictional force to the detecting rod or its extended or enlarged part, and the main component of the frictional torque is opposite to the tendency of the detecting rod to rotate around the hole axis.

[0013] 8. Referring to the hole straightening device described in Innovation Point 2, it is characterized in that the detecting rod is integral or split-type, and the split-type detecting rod can be disassembled and assembled into an integral body after disassembly; when the light beam is directed towards the light receiver from the inside of the hole, the detecting head is provided with a through hole, or there is a gap between the detecting head and the hole wall, and the light beam passes through the through hole or the gap.

[0014] 9. The hole straightening method includes a hole straightening device, characterized in that: the hole straightening device has a plurality of special force applicators, a guiding reference, a driving device, a detecting device, an optical device, a supporting device, and a reading device; a plurality of special force applicators are distributed along the length direction and the circumferential direction of the surface of the workpiece with holes to form a special force applicator array; the optical device has a light emitter, a light beam, and a light receiver, the length of the light beam is greater than or less than or equal to the length of the workpiece, and the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver remains unchanged during one detection; the light beam passes through from the outside or inside of the hole; the workpiece with holes can be placed vertically or horizontally; the detecting device adopts a symmetric structure or an asymmetric structure; the steps of the hole straightening method are as follows: the first step, the driving device or manual operation makes the workpiece with holes or the detecting device move relative to the guiding reference, one end of the detecting device contacts the hole wall, the other end has a fulcrum and swings around the fulcrum due to the deviation of each part of the hole from the ideal position, that is, there is an error; the light beam and the light spot of the optical device change with the swing of the detecting device; the reading device displays the position of the light spot or the information after its transformation; the second step, a plurality of special force applicators apply force to straighten the workpiece with holes, and the magnitude of the force applied by each special force applicator is related to the error of the force application part deviating from the ideal position, the greater the error, the greater the applied force, and the smaller the error, the smaller the applied force; the third step, if necessary, repeat the detection or repeat the application of force.

[0015] 10. The hole straightening method includes a hole straightening device, characterized in that: the hole straightening device has a general force applicator, a guiding reference, a driving device, a detecting device, an optical device, a supporting device, and a reading device; the optical device has a light emitter, a light beam, and a light receiver, the length of the light beam is greater than or less than or equal to the length of the workpiece, and the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver remains unchanged during one detection; the light beam passes through from the outside or inside of the hole; the workpiece with holes can be placed vertically or horizontally; the detecting device adopts a symmetric structure or an asymmetric structure; the steps of the hole straightening method are as follows: the first step, the driving device or manual operation makes the workpiece with holes or the detecting device move relative to the guiding reference, one end of the detecting device contacts the hole wall, the other end has a fulcrum and swings around the fulcrum due to the deviation of each part of the hole from the ideal position, that is, there is an error; the light beam and the light spot of the optical device change with the swing of the detecting device; the reading device displays the position of the light spot or the information after its transformation; the second step, the general force applicator applies force to straighten the workpiece with holes; the third step, if necessary, repeat the detection or repeat the application of force.

[0016] The above innovative solutions are further described as follows.

[0017] The reading device displays the change in the position of the light spot or the data after its transformation, and these data are related to the magnitude of the shape and position error existing in the hole.

[0018] The perforated workpiece can be placed horizontally or vertically, and the relevant devices and parts should be adjusted accordingly according to the placement method of the perforated workpiece. This can be achieved by the prior art.

[0019] When the detection rod is integral, it is easy to manufacture, but when placing the workpiece, it is sometimes not very convenient. When the detection rod is of a split structure, the detection rod can be disassembled, and the workpiece can be placed more easily. After placing the workpiece, the detection rod is assembled into a whole for use.

[0020] Under normal circumstances, during the detection of the hole, the detection rod will not automatically rotate around the axis of the workpiece. In addition, in terms of the definition of the straightness of the hole axis, there is no need to pay attention to the orientation of the bending of the hole axis. Therefore, the anti-rotation device can be not provided in the present invention. However, knowing the orientation of the bending of the workpiece axis is useful (such as when the workpiece needs to be straightened). Therefore, for some factories using this technology, an anti-rotation device can be designed for these factories to provide convenience for straightening the hole or for other needs.

[0021] In order to prevent the detection rod from rotating, the detection rod or a part of it can have a square cross-section. The anti-rotation device has a square hole with a clearance fit with the square cross-section. By fixing the set square hole, the degree of freedom of the detection rod rotating around the axis of the workpiece can be restricted. When the detection rod has a triangular cross-section, the triangular hole of the anti-rotation device can prevent rotation. In short, the outer contour of the detection rod and the inner contour of the anti-rotation device have cross-sections other than circular. Therefore, the anti-rotation device can prevent the detection rod from rotating around the axis of the hole. It should be noted that there should be a small clearance between the outer contour of the detection rod and the inner contour of the anti-rotation device. If there is no clearance at all, the detection rod cannot swing, thus affecting the realization of the functions of the present invention. Due to the existence of the clearance, the anti-rotation device cannot completely prevent the rotation of the detection rod, and can only have an anti-rotation function to a certain extent. That is to say, the detection rod may have a small rotation around the axis of the hole. Since the clearance is small, its rotation angle is also small, so it can be ignored.

[0022] The rotation of the detection rod can also be prevented by the action of force. For example, the outside of the detection rod or its extended and enlarged part is in contact with an elastic material. The friction between these materials and the surface of the elastic rod is very large, and the rotation of the detection rod can be prevented through the friction force. At the same time, these elastic materials are easy to deform and will not affect the movement of the detection rod around the fulcrum.

[0023] The rotation of the detection rod can also be prevented by electromagnetic force. For example, the detection rod or its extended and enlarged part is subjected to an electromagnetic force, and the main component of the electromagnetic torque is opposite to the tendency of the detection rod to rotate around the axis of the hole.

[0024] In order to eliminate or adjust the clearance between the detection rod and its rotation fulcrum and improve the detection accuracy, a fulcrum clearance adjustment device can be set by using the prior art.

[0025] When using a common booster, the number of boosters, the boosting points, and the loading method are obtained from the prior art. The special booster, the detection device, and the arithmetic unit are connected.

[0026] The detection device adopts a symmetric structure or an asymmetric structure.

[0027] Advantages of the present invention: First, when the length of the light is greater than the length of the workpiece, the error can be displayed more obviously, that is, the error can be magnified and displayed; in one detection, the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver is constant; during measurement, the detection head contacts the hole wall, automatically adapting to the aperture size, and the measurement is based on the hole wall surface, not on a point or a generatrix. The above aspects are beneficial to improving the detection accuracy. Second, the diameter of the part placed in the hole is small, which is applicable not only to large holes but also to small-diameter holes. Third, by obtaining the positions of various parts on the axis of the hole relative to the reference, the straightness of the hole axis can be obtained, and other geometric tolerances of the hole relative to its positioning reference, such as perpendicularity, parallelism, and inclination, can also be obtained with the help of the prior art. Fourth, the booster adopts an array-distributed special booster or a common booster in the prior art, with a wide range of adaptability. Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention. In the figure: 1 - guiding body, 2 - sliding body, 3 - workpiece with hole, 4 - support, 5 - spherical pair, 6 - anti-rotation device, 7 - light emitter, 8 - light ray, 9 - detection rod, 10 - detection head, 11 - light receiver, 12 - display, 13 - arithmetic unit, 14 - force applied by the booster Fij. Detailed Embodiments

[0029] The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. The detailed embodiments do not impose any limitations on the present invention.

[0030] Regarding the boosting method, Embodiment 1: Use a special booster to apply force in an array arrangement; Embodiment 2: Use a common booster, and refer to the prior art for the number of boosters, the acting points, etc.

[0031] Regarding the placement method of the workpiece, Embodiment 1: The workpiece is placed horizontally; Embodiment 2: The workpiece is placed vertically.

[0032] Regarding the structure of the detection device, Embodiment 1: The detection device is a symmetric structure; Embodiment 2: The detection device is an asymmetric structure.

[0033] Regarding the detection rod, Embodiment 1: The detection rod is integral; Embodiment 2: The detection rod is split.

Claims

1. The hole straightening device includes multiple dedicated boosters, a guiding reference, a driving device, a detecting device, an optical device, a supporting device, and a reading device, and is characterized in that: A plurality of special force boosters are distributed along the length direction and circumferential direction of the surface of the perforated workpiece, forming a special force booster array; before applying force, the errors of each force application part deviating from the ideal position are measured; the magnitude of the force applied by each special force booster is related to the error of the force application part deviating from the ideal position, with a large error resulting in a large applied force and a small error resulting in a small applied force; when measuring the errors of each part, the driving device or human hand moves the perforated workpiece or the detection device relative to the guiding reference; during the measurement process, one end of the detection device has a fulcrum and swings in space around the fulcrum, and the other end contacts the hole wall; the light rays and light spots of the optical device change with the swing of the detection device; the reading device displays the position of the light spot or the information after its transformation; the light rays pass through the hole from the outside or inside; the optical device has a light emitter, light rays, and a light receiver, and the length of the light rays is greater than the length of the workpiece, and the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver remains unchanged during one detection; the perforated workpiece is placed vertically or horizontally; the detection device adopts a symmetrical structure or an asymmetrical structure; the guiding reference has a guiding body, the driving device has a sliding body, the detection device has a detection rod and a detection head, and the reading device has a display; the driving device drives the detection device or the perforated workpiece to move along the guiding body; the detection rod has a fulcrum and can swing in space around the fulcrum, the detection head is located on the detection rod and contacts the hole wall; the detection rod can swing with the change of the contact part between the detection head and the hole relative to the guiding reference; the light emitter is located on the detection rod, and the emitted light rays are directed towards the light receiver; the change in the position of the detection rod causes the change in the position of the light spot on the light emitter, light rays, and light receiver; the display can reflect the change in the position of the light spot; the light rays are directed towards the light receiver from the outside or inside of the hole; the detection rod is integral or split, and the split detection rod can be disassembled and assembled into an integral body after disassembly; when the light rays are directed towards the light receiver from the inside of the hole, the detection head is provided with a through hole, or there is a gap between the detection head and the hole wall, and the light rays pass through the through hole or the gap.

2. The hole straightening device according to claim 1, characterized in that The fulcrum of the swing of the detection device is located at any end of the hole, and the positions of other parts change with the position of the fulcrum; the guiding reference is a machine tool guide rail or other guiding objects, and the driving device is a machine tool cross slide or other driving objects.

3. The hole straightening device according to claim 1, characterized in that The detection device has a spherical pair, a spherical bearing, or other connection structures at the swing fulcrum part, and the other connection structures enable the detection rod to swing.

4. The hole straightening device according to claim 1, wherein: The detection device has a gap adjustment mechanism at the swing fulcrum; the part of the detection device located inside the hole can automatically adapt to the change in the hole diameter.

5. The hole straightening device according to claim 1, wherein: An anti-rotation device is provided outside the detection rod or its extended or enlarged part.

6. The hole straightening device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer contour of the detection rod or its extended or enlarged part and the inner contour of the anti-rotation device have a cross-section other than circular. When the anti-rotation device is fixed, the relative rotational movement between the two is restricted; or the anti-rotation device applies an electromagnetic force to the detection rod or its extended or enlarged part, and the main component of the electromagnetic torque is opposite to the tendency of the detection rod to rotate around the hole axis; or the anti-rotation device is an elastic body that applies a frictional force to the detection rod or its extended or enlarged part, and the main component of the frictional torque is opposite to the tendency of the detection rod to rotate around the hole axis.

7. The hole straightening method includes the hole straightening device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hole straightening device has multiple special force boosters, guiding references, driving devices, detecting devices, optical devices, supporting devices, and reading devices; multiple special force boosters are distributed along the length direction and circumferential direction of the surface of the workpiece with holes, forming a special force booster array; The optical device has a light emitter, a light beam, and a light receiver. The length of the light beam is greater than the length of the workpiece. In one detection, the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver remains unchanged; the light beam passes through from the outside or inside of the hole; the workpiece with holes can be placed vertically or horizontally; the detecting device adopts a symmetric structure or an asymmetric structure; the steps of the hole straightening method are as follows: First step, the driving device or manual operation makes the workpiece with holes or the detecting device move relative to the guiding reference. One end of the detecting device contacts the hole wall, and the other end has a fulcrum and swings around the fulcrum due to the deviation of each part of the hole from the ideal position, that is, there is an error; the light beam and the light spot of the optical device change with the swing of the detecting device; the reading device displays the position of the light spot or the information after its transformation; Second step, multiple special force boosters apply force to straighten the workpiece with holes. The magnitude of the force applied by each special force booster is related to the error of the force application part deviating from the ideal position. The greater the error, the greater the applied force, and the smaller the error, the smaller the applied force; Third step, if necessary, repeat the detection or repeat the application of force.

8. The hole straightening method includes the hole straightening device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hole straightening device has special force boosters, guiding references, driving devices, detecting devices, optical devices, supporting devices, and reading devices; The optical device has a light emitter, a light beam, and a light receiver. The length of the light beam is greater than the length of the workpiece. In one detection, the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver remains unchanged; the light beam passes through from the outside or inside of the hole; the workpiece with holes can be placed vertically or horizontally; the detecting device adopts a symmetric structure or an asymmetric structure; the steps of the hole straightening method are as follows: First step, the driving device or manual operation makes the workpiece with holes or the detecting device move relative to the guiding reference. One end of the detecting device contacts the hole wall, and the other end has a fulcrum and swings around the fulcrum because each part of the hole deviates from the ideal position, that is, there is an error; the light beam and the light spot of the optical device change with the swing of the detecting device; the reading device displays the position of the light spot or the information after its transformation; Second step, the special force booster applies force to straighten the workpiece with holes; Third step, if necessary, repeat the detection or repeat the application of force.

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