A multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine, which includes a shield, a main drive, a cutter head, a main beam, a rear support, a steel arch shotcrete support mechanism and a grouting concrete support mechanism; the steel arch shotcrete support mechanism includes a support propulsion system slidably arranged on the main beam, a rock bolt drill arranged on the main beam for installing rock bolts, and a rear support shoe plate arranged on the rear support and capable of extending and retracting; the grouting concrete support mechanism includes a plurality of auxiliary propulsion cylinders distributed on the inner circumference of the shield, a rear support wheel set arranged on the rear support and capable of extending and retracting, a steel formwork assembler for installing steel formwork or assembling steel arches, a steel formwork dismantler for dismantling steel formwork, and a grouting device for grouting concrete between the installed steel formwork and the inner wall of the tunnel. The present invention can not only achieve flexible switching between different support methods, but also achieve real-time support closure, strong support, and fast passing, ensuring construction safety and improving construction speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction, and in particular to a hard rock tunnel boring machine used in tunnel construction, in particular to a multi-mode hard rock tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] With the construction of railway tunnels in western China, hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs) have been widely used. TBMs are classified into two types: open TBMs and shield TBMs.

[0003] Open-type TBM technology is highly mature, but it has certain limitations. Open-type TBMs are primarily suitable for Class II and III hard rock formations with good stability and self-supporting properties, and are less adaptable to fractured and soft rock formations. When traversing fractured fault zones, open-type TBMs typically employ a combination of pre-grouting reinforcement, rebar rows, arches, and anchors. These fractured zones can lead to issues such as loose support shoes and insufficient support. In highly fractured areas along large faults, the heavy support workload and prolonged downtime can lead to further collapse and jamming of the fractured material. The limited bearing capacity of existing support structures can cause landslides and deformations, significantly impacting construction safety and schedules. When traversing rockburst formations, open-type TBMs employ a combination of pre-drilling decompression, high-pressure water injection and water jetting to soften the surrounding rock, rebar rows, arches, and anchors. Current support methods include protective sheds and mesh. However, in the event of a severe rockburst, large rock masses cannot be contained, potentially causing injuries or equipment damage. It can be seen from this that when an open TBM passes through a broken zone or soft rock, it is prone to excavation failure, landslides, and machine jams. Since the open TBM only relies on arch frames, steel bars, and mixed shotcrete to reinforce and seal the surrounding rock, landslides often occur due to insufficient initial support strength and untimely use. At the same time, in large deformation and strong rockburst tunnels, surrounding rock convergence and intrusion, rockburst collapse, and other accidents occur, causing immeasurable losses to production safety, construction period, personnel and property.

[0004] Shield-type TBMs use segmental support, with propulsion cylinders providing forward thrust for the main machine. Due to the long shield, the machine is prone to jamming, especially in highly deformable and convergent formations. This can cause a long time to resolve, impacting tunneling efficiency.

[0005] Due to the complexity and diversity of the ground structure, a single-mode TBM cannot meet construction requirements. Currently, dual-structure TBM designs exist, such as the one disclosed in patent application number CN 201910260246.5. While this TBM can flexibly switch between shotcrete support and segmental support, shotcrete support is less secure, has a longer construction period, and is more expensive for segmental support. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine that can flexibly switch the support mode, achieve real-time support closure and strong support, thereby ensuring construction safety, improving construction speed and effectively reducing construction costs.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine includes a shield, a main drive disposed within the shield, a cutter head disposed in front of the main drive and used for excavating surrounding rock under the drive of the main drive to form a tunnel, a main beam disposed behind the main drive, a rear support disposed at the rear of the main beam, and a steel arch shotcrete support mechanism and a grouting concrete support mechanism;

[0009] The steel arch shotcrete support mechanism includes a support propulsion system slidably disposed on the main beam, a rock bolt drill disposed on the main beam for installing rock bolts on the inner wall of the tunnel, and a rear support shoe plate disposed on the rear support and capable of extending and retracting; the support propulsion system includes a saddle slidably disposed on the main beam, a support shoe connected to the saddle and capable of extending and retracting, and a main propulsion cylinder respectively connected to the support shoe and the main beam;

[0010] The grouting concrete support mechanism includes a plurality of auxiliary propulsion cylinders distributed on the inner circumference of the shield, a rear support wheel set disposed on the rear support and capable of extending and retracting, a steel formwork assembler for installing steel formwork or assembling steel arch, a steel formwork disassembler for removing steel formwork, and a grouting device for grouting concrete between the installed steel formwork and the inner wall of the tunnel, and the auxiliary propulsion cylinders correspond to the installed steel formwork.

[0011] The shield is connected to the main drive through a shield cylinder.

[0012] The main beam and the saddle are slidably connected through a slide rail.

[0013] The main propulsion cylinder is hinged to the support shoe.

[0014] The steel formwork assembler is disposed on the main beam, a connecting bridge is disposed behind the rear support, and the steel formwork disassembler is disposed on the connecting bridge.

[0015] The grouting device includes a slurry retaining ring disposed inside the shield and provided with a plurality of grouting ports, and grouting pipes respectively connected from a concrete mixing device to each grouting port.

[0016] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine of the present invention can not only achieve flexible switching between different support methods, but also achieve real-time support closure, strong support, and fast passing, thereby ensuring construction safety, improving construction speed, and effectively reducing construction costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] FIG. Figure 1 is a front sectional view schematic diagram of the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine of the present invention.

[0018] FIG. Figure 2 is a front sectional view schematic diagram of the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine of the present invention during the tunneling process in the steel arch sprayed concrete support tunneling mode.

[0019] FIG. Figure 3 is a right view schematic diagram of the position of the jacking shoes of the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine of the present invention during the tunneling process in the steel arch sprayed concrete support tunneling mode.

[0020] FIG. Figure 4 is a right view schematic diagram of the position of the rear support shoe plate of the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine of the present invention during the tunneling process in the steel arch sprayed concrete support tunneling mode.

[0021] FIG. Figure 5 is a front sectional view schematic diagram of the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine of the present invention during the step-changing process in the steel arch sprayed concrete support tunneling mode.

[0022] FIG. Figure 6 is a right view schematic diagram of the position of the jacking shoes of the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine of the present invention during the step-changing process in the steel arch sprayed concrete support tunneling mode / during the tunneling process in the grouted concrete support tunneling mode.

[0023] FIG. Figure 7 is a right view schematic diagram of the position of the rear support shoe plate of the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine of the present invention during the step-changing process in the steel arch sprayed concrete support tunneling mode.

[0024] FIG. Figure 8 is a partial front sectional view schematic diagram of the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine of the present invention during the tunneling process in the grouted concrete support tunneling mode.

[0025] FIG. Figure 9 is a right view schematic diagram of the position of the rear support wheel set of the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine of the present invention during the tunneling process in the grouted concrete support tunneling mode.

[0026] FIG. Figure 10 is a partial front sectional view schematic diagram of the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine of the present invention during the support process in the grouted concrete support tunneling mode.

[0027] FIG.Figure 11 This is a partial front elevation sectional view schematic diagram during the step-changing process of the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine of the present invention in the grouting concrete support tunneling mode.

[0028] In the above drawings: 1. Cutter head; 2. Main drive; 3. Shield; 4. Main beam; 5. Support and propulsion system; 5-1. Saddle; 5-2. Jacking shoe; 5-3. Main propulsion cylinder; 6. Auxiliary propulsion cylinder; 7. Steel formwork assembling machine; 8. Bolt drill; 9. Rear support; 9-1. Rear support shoe plate; 9-2. Rear support wheel set; 10. Connecting bridge; 11. Steel formwork dismantling machine; 12. Grout ring; 13. Primary lining concrete; 14. Steel formwork; 15. Inner wall of the tunnel. Specific embodiments

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments shown in the drawings.

[0030] Embodiment 1: As shown in the attached Figure 1 figures, a multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine includes a shield 3, a main drive 2, a cutter head 1, a main beam 4, a rear support 9, a steel arch support and shotcrete support mechanism, and a grouting concrete support mechanism. Define the forward direction of the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine during tunneling as its front, and the reverse direction as its rear.

[0031] The main drive 2 is arranged inside the shield 3, and the shield 3 is connected to the main drive 2 through the shield 3 cylinder. The cutter head 1 is arranged in front of the main drive 2, so that the cutter head 1 can excavate the surrounding rock under the drive of the main drive 2 to form a tunnel, and the shield 3 and the parts behind it are located inside the excavated tunnel. The main beam 4 is arranged behind the main drive 2 and is connected to the main drive 2. The rear support 9 is arranged at the rear of the main beam 4.

[0032] The steel arch support and shotcrete support mechanism includes a support and propulsion system 5 slidably arranged on the main beam 4, a bolt drill 8 arranged on the main beam 4 for installing bolts on the inner wall 15 of the tunnel, and a rear support shoe plate 9-1 arranged on the rear support 9 and capable of extending and retracting. The support and propulsion system 5 includes a saddle 5-1 slidably arranged on the main beam 4, a jacking shoe 5-2 connected to the saddle 5-1 and capable of extending and retracting, and a main propulsion cylinder 5-3 respectively connected to the jacking shoe 5-2 and the main beam 4. The main beam 4 and the saddle 5-1 are slidably connected through a slide rail, the main propulsion cylinder 5-3 is hinged to the jacking shoe 5-2, and generally two jacking shoes 5-2 are symmetrically arranged, facing the left and right sides of the tunnel, and having an arc surface matching the inner wall 15 of the tunnel.

[0033] The pressure grouting type concrete support mechanism includes multiple auxiliary propulsion cylinders 6 distributed on the inner circumference of the shield 3, a rear support wheel set 9-2 provided on the rear support 9 and capable of extending and retracting, a steel formwork assembling machine 7 for installing the steel formwork 14 or assembling the steel arch frame, a steel formwork dismantling machine 11 for dismantling the steel formwork 14, and a grouting device for grouting concrete between the installed steel formwork 14 and the inner wall 15 of the tunnel. The auxiliary propulsion cylinders 6 correspond to the installed steel formwork 14. The steel formwork assembling machine 7 can be arranged on the main beam 4, and a connecting bridge 10 is provided behind the rear support 9, while the steel formwork dismantling machine 11 is arranged on the connecting bridge 10. The grouting device includes a slurry retaining ring 12 provided inside the shield 3 and provided with multiple grouting ports, and grouting pipes respectively connected to each grouting port by a concrete mixing device (not shown in the figure). The rear support wheel set 9-2 can be an integral rear support 9 with the rear support shoe plate 9-1.

[0034] The above multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine has two working modes, namely the steel arch frame shotcrete support tunneling mode and the pressure grouting type concrete support tunneling mode.

[0035] In the steel arch frame shotcrete support tunneling mode, the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine sequentially cycles through the processes of tunneling, support, and step change. The specific process is as follows:

[0036] 1. Tunneling: As shown in Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the support shoes 5-2 extend and are tightened on the inner wall 15 of the tunnel to overcome the reaction force of the cutterhead 1 propulsion and the torque generated by the cutterhead 1 rotating to break the rock. The rear support shoe plate 9-1 and the rear support wheel set 9-2 both retract and do not contact the inside (bottom surface) of the tunnel. At this time, the main propulsion cylinder 5-3 extends, and the main beam 4 slides forward relative to the support propulsion system 5, so as to drive the cutterhead 1 to tunnel forward through the main beam 4.

[0037] 2. Support: During the tunneling process of the cutterhead 1, control the steel formwork assembling machine 7 to assemble the steel arch frame, use the bolt drilling machine 8 for bolt support, and at the same time spray concrete for support, which is similar to the prior art.

[0038] 3. Step change: As shown in Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 , when the main propulsion cylinder 5-3 reaches the maximum stroke, the rear support shoe plate 9-1 extends and is tightened on the inner wall 15 (bottom) of the tunnel, and the support shoes 5-2 retract and are separated from the inner wall 15 of the tunnel. At this time, the main propulsion cylinder 5-3 retracts to the minimum stroke. During this process, the saddle 5-1 and the support shoes 5-2 are driven to slide forward along the main beam 4 to the next tightening position.

[0039] In the pressure grouting type concrete support tunneling mode, the multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine sequentially cycles through the processes of tunneling, support, and step change. The specific process is as follows:

[0040] 1. Driving: As shown in Figure 8 , Figure 6 and Figure 9 , the rear support wheel set 9-2 extends, the rear support shoe plate 9-1 retracts, the support shoe 5-2 retracts, the synchronous control auxiliary propulsion cylinder 6 extends, and the auxiliary propulsion cylinder 6 presses against the side of the already installed steel formwork 14 behind it, thereby providing the reaction force for forward driving. The cutter head 1 drives forward synchronously, and the main beam 4, the support propulsion system 5, the rear support shoe plate 9-1, and the rear support wheel set 9-2 behind the cutter head 1 also move forward synchronously, and the rear support wheel set 9-2 rolls along the inner wall of the support structure. In this cast-in-place concrete support driving mode, multiple cylindrical steel formworks 14 are used in a cyclic splicing manner.

[0041] 2. Support: As shown in Figure 10 , while driving, the primary lining concrete 13 exceeding the water and soil pressure is injected through the grouting pipe into the grouting port on the slurry retaining ring 12 arranged at the rear, so as to inject concrete into the gap formed between the already installed steel formwork 14 and the inside of the tunnel to form a support structure.

[0042] 3. Step change: As shown in Figure 11 , after the driving of one ring of steel formwork 14 and the corresponding injection of the primary lining concrete 13 are completed, the steel formwork dismantling machine 11 on the connecting bridge 10 is controlled to dismantle the last ring of steel formwork 14 and transport it. The auxiliary propulsion cylinder 6 retracts to leave space for installing the steel formwork 14 in the front. The steel formwork assembling machine 7 installed on the main beam 4 is controlled to install the transported steel formwork 14 in the front. The newly installed steel formwork 14 is adjacent to the auxiliary propulsion cylinder 6, so that the auxiliary propulsion cylinder 6 can abut against its front side for the next driving.

[0043] In the sections of better surrounding rock, in-situ stress and other conditions and the sections of slightly deformed strata, the steel arch support shotcrete driving mode is adopted, which is safe, fast and economical. In the fractured zone, soft surrounding rock, medium deformation and medium rock burst strata, the cast-in-place concrete support driving mode is adopted.

[0044] The main advantages of the above multi-mode hard rock tunneling machine are as follows:

[0045] 1. It can realize the flexible switching of different driving modes, adapt to complex and changeable geological conditions, and effectively ensure the construction safety;

[0046] 2. Compared with the NATM construction, the cast-in-place concrete support driving mode has higher safety, and at the same time, the driving speed is greatly improved. In addition, in terms of economy, it is almost the same as the NATM construction in price and lower than the cost of segment lining;

[0047] 3. The pressure-injection concrete support tunneling mode has a high degree of automation, low labor intensity for construction workers, does not require the installation of arch frames, shotcreting, and slag cleaning, and has high construction efficiency; it is pollution-free and will not cause pollution to the air and environment, ensuring safety, environmental protection, and civilized construction.

[0048] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. It is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-mode hard rock tunnel boring machine, characterized by: The multi-mode hard rock tunnel boring machine includes a shield, a main drive disposed within the shield, a cutterhead disposed in front of the main drive and used to excavate surrounding rock to form a tunnel under the drive of the main drive, a main beam disposed behind the main drive, a rear support disposed at the rear of the main beam, a steel arch spray-mix support mechanism, and a pressure-injected concrete support mechanism. The shield is connected to the main drive via a shield cylinder. The steel arch spray-mix support mechanism includes a support propulsion system slidably mounted on the main beam, an anchor drill mounted on the main beam for installing anchor bolts on the inner wall of the tunnel, and a rear support shoe mounted on the rear support and capable of extending and retracting. The support propulsion system includes a saddle mounted slidably on the main beam, a gripper shoe connected to the saddle and capable of extending and retracting, and a main propulsion cylinder connected to the gripper shoe and the main beam, respectively. The pressure-injection concrete support mechanism includes a plurality of auxiliary propulsion cylinders distributed on the inner circumference of the shield, a rear support wheel set provided on the rear support and capable of extending and retracting, a steel formwork assembly machine for installing steel formwork, a steel formwork removal machine for removing steel formwork, and a grouting device for pressurizing concrete between the installed steel formwork and the inner wall of the tunnel. The auxiliary propulsion cylinders correspond to the installed steel formwork. When the multi-mode hard rock tunnel boring machine is excavating in the injection-type concrete support excavation mode, the rear support wheel group is extended and the rear support shoe plate is retracted; in the injection-type concrete support excavation mode, multiple steel templates are spliced and used cyclically; The grouting device includes a grouting ring provided on the inner side of the shield and having a plurality of grouting ports, and a grouting pipe connected to each of the grouting ports by a concrete mixing device; In the pressurized concrete support excavation mode, during excavation, primary lining concrete exceeding the water and soil pressure is injected through the grouting pipe into the grouting port on the slurry retaining ring arranged at the rear, thereby pressurizing concrete into the gap formed between the installed steel formwork and the interior of the tunnel to form a support structure.

2. The multi-mode hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main beam and the saddle frame are slidably connected via a slide rail.

3. The multi-mode hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main propulsion oil cylinder is hinged to the support shoe.

4. The multi-mode hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel formwork assembling machine is arranged on the main beam, a connecting bridge is arranged behind the rear support, and the steel formwork dismantling machine is arranged on the connecting bridge.

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