Automatic charging power supply circuit

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic charging power supply circuit, which is composed of a resistor, a capacitor, a voltage comparator, a diode, a triode, and a field effect tube. The capacitor is charged in the charging mode and discharged in the power supply mode. The invention makes full use of light energy for charging, storing electricity and discharging, saving energy; accurately judges the charging and discharging state according to the storage amount, and provides uninterrupted power supply; and automatically switches the charging and discharging mode without manual intervention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of analog electronic circuits, and in particular relates to a control circuit for a field effect tube and a triode. Background Art

[0002] The application of field effect transistors and triodes in the field of power supply, including the design of switching power supplies, utilizes the switching and cutoff characteristics of semiconductors. The design of charging and discharging circuits is still mainly based on the combination of capacitors and inductors, using the delayed response characteristics of nonlinear devices to voltage and current. Combining the two can more accurately realize automatic charging and discharging, thereby providing uninterrupted power supply for electrical equipment. The application of energy harvesting systems is becoming more and more widespread. Light energy collection, especially the collection of weak light energy in indoor environments, is an important issue in the field of energy harvesting. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes an automatic charging power supply circuit. In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0004] An automatic charging power supply circuit is composed of a power supply, a field effect transistor P1, a field effect transistor P2, a field effect transistor P3, a transistor N1, a transistor N2, a transistor N3, a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, a diode D4, a diode D5, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a resistor R13, a resistor R14, a resistor R21, a resistor R22, a resistor R23, a resistor R31, a resistor R32, a resistor R33, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a voltage comparator U1 and a voltage comparator U2.

[0005] The power supply is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected to one end of the resistor R11, and the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the power supply port of the voltage comparator U1; the power supply port of the voltage comparator U1 is connected to the source of the field effect transistor P1, the gate of the field effect transistor P1 is connected to the collector of the transistor N1, and the resistor R12 is connected in parallel between the source and the gate of the field effect transistor P1; the drain of the field effect transistor P1 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D3, the negative electrode of the diode D3 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D4, and the diode D4 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D4. The cathode of the diode D4 is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C1, and the other electrode of the capacitor C1 is grounded; the cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2, and the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the power supply; the base of the transistor N1 is connected to one end of the resistor R13, and the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to the output port of the voltage comparator U1, the emitter of the transistor N1 is grounded, and the resistor R14 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor N1; the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the drain of the field effect transistor P2, and the source of the field effect transistor P2 is connected to the capacitor C2 The anode of the diode D4 is connected to the drain of the field effect transistor P2, and the cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the source of the field effect transistor P2; the gate of the field effect transistor P2 is connected to the collector of the transistor N2, the emitter of the transistor N2 is grounded, the base of the transistor N2 is connected to one end of the resistor R22, the other end of the resistor R22 is connected to the output port of the voltage comparator U2, and the resistor R23 is connected in parallel to the transistor N2. The cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the source of the field effect transistor P3, the gate of the field effect transistor P3 is connected to the collector of the transistor N3, the resistor R31 is connected in parallel between the source and the gate of the field effect transistor P3, and the drain of the field effect transistor P3 serves as the power supply port of the circuit; the base of the transistor N3 is connected to one end of the resistor R32, the other end of the resistor R32 is connected to the output port of the voltage comparator U2, the emitter of the transistor N3 is grounded, and the resistor R33 is connected in parallel between the base and the emitter of the transistor N3.

[0006] Field effect transistors P1, P2 and P3 are P-type field effect transistors, transistors N1, N2 and N3 are NPN-type transistors, capacitor C1 is an electrolytic capacitor with its negative pole grounded, capacitor C2 is a super capacitor, voltage comparators U1 and U2 are low power voltage comparators, and the power supply is a solar board connector.

[0007] Capacitors C3 and C4 are added to the above circuit. Capacitor C3 is connected in parallel between the gate and drain of field effect transistor P1, and capacitor C4 is connected in parallel between the source and gate of field effect transistor P3. Diodes D3 and D4 are replaced with light emitting diodes, and capacitor C2 is replaced with a rechargeable battery.

[0008] An external power supply and a diode D6 are added to the above circuit, the power supply port of the external power supply is connected to the anode of the diode D6, and the cathode of the diode D6 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1.

[0009] A voltage converter and a capacitor C5 are added to the above circuit. The input end of the voltage converter is connected to the drain of the field effect transistor P3. The output end of the voltage converter is used as the power supply port of the circuit and is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C5. The other electrode of the capacitor C5 is grounded.

[0010] The present invention makes full use of light energy for charging, storing and discharging, thereby saving energy; accurately determines the charging and discharging state according to the amount of stored electricity, and provides uninterrupted power supply; and automatically switches the charging and discharging mode without manual intervention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 This is the schematic diagram of this circuit. In the figure, BAT indicates the solar energy board connector, POW indicates the external power supply, P1, P2, and P3 indicate P-type field effect transistors, N1, N2, and N3 indicate NPN-type transistors, D1, D2, D5, and D6 indicate diodes, D3 and D4 indicate light-emitting diodes, R11, R12, R13, R14, R21, R22, R23, R31, R32, and R33 indicate resistors, C1 indicates an electrolytic capacitor, C2 indicates a supercapacitor, C3, C4, and C5 indicate capacitors, U1 and U2 indicate low-power voltage comparators, and DC indicates a voltage converter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0013] An automatic charging power supply circuit is composed of a light energy board connector BAT, an external power supply POW, a P-type field effect transistor P1, a P-type field effect transistor P2, a P-type field effect transistor P3, an NPN-type transistor N1, an NPN-type transistor N2, an NPN-type transistor N3, a diode D1, a diode D2, a light-emitting diode D3, a light-emitting diode D4, a diode D5, a diode D6, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a resistor R13, a resistor R14, a resistor R21, a resistor R22, a resistor R23, a resistor R31, a resistor R32, a resistor R33, an electrolytic capacitor C1, a super capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a low-power consumption voltage comparator U1 and a low-power consumption voltage comparator U2, and a voltage converter DC.

[0014] Preferably, the comparison voltage of the voltage comparator U1 is 2.5V, the comparison voltage of the voltage comparator U2 is 2.2V, the electrolytic capacitor C1 is 470μF and 16V, the supercapacitor C2 is 0.47F and 5.5V, the capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 are 10nF, the capacitor C5 is 100nF, the resistor R11 is 470Ω, the resistor R12 and the resistor R32 are 51MΩ, the resistor R13, the resistor R14, the resistor R21, the resistor R22, the resistor R23, the resistor R31 and the resistor R33 are 100MΩ.

[0015] like Figure 1As shown, the solar panel connector BAT is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected to one end of the resistor R11, and the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the power supply port of the voltage comparator U1; the power supply port of the external power supply POW is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D6, and the negative electrode of the diode D6 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode D1; the power supply port of the voltage comparator U1 is connected to the source of the field effect transistor P1, the gate of the field effect transistor P1 is connected to the collector of the transistor N1, the resistor R12 is connected in parallel between the source and the gate of the field effect transistor P1, and the capacitor C3 is connected in parallel between the gate and the drain of the field effect transistor P1; The drain is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D3, the negative electrode of the diode D3 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D4, the negative electrode of the diode D4 is connected to the positive electrode of the capacitor C1, and the negative electrode of the capacitor C1 is grounded; the negative electrode of the diode D4 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode D2, and the positive electrode of the diode D2 is connected to the power supply; the base of the transistor N1 is connected to one end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to the output port of the voltage comparator U1, the emitter of the transistor N1 is grounded, and the resistor R14 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor N1; the negative electrode of the diode D3 is connected to the drain of the field effect transistor P2, the source of the field effect transistor P2 and the capacitor One electrode of capacitor C2 is connected, the other electrode of capacitor C2 is grounded, and resistor R21 is connected in parallel between the source and gate of field effect transistor P2; the anode of diode D4 is connected to the drain of field effect transistor P2, and the cathode of diode D4 is connected to the source of field effect transistor P2; the gate of field effect transistor P2 is connected to the collector of transistor N2, the emitter of transistor N2 is grounded, the base of transistor N2 is connected to one end of resistor R22, the other end of resistor R22 is connected to the output port of voltage comparator U2, and resistor R23 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of transistor N2; the cathode of diode D4 is connected to the source of field effect transistor P3, and .... The gate of transistor P3 is connected to the collector of transistor N3, resistor R31 is connected in parallel between the source and gate of field effect transistor P3, and capacitor C4 is connected in parallel between the source and gate of field effect transistor P3; the base of transistor N3 is connected to one end of resistor R32, the other end of resistor R32 is connected to the output port of voltage comparator U2, the emitter of transistor N3 is grounded, and resistor R33 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of transistor N3; the input end of voltage converter DC is connected to the drain of field effect transistor P3, the output end of voltage converter DC is used as the power supply port of the circuit, and is connected to one electrode of capacitor C5, and the other electrode of capacitor C5 is grounded.

[0016] This circuit supports two charging modes, light charging or manual charging with an external power supply.

[0017] BAT receives light energy, D1 is turned on, D2 is turned on, or POW is manually turned on, D6 is turned on, and the current flows through R11 to the power supply port of U1.

[0018] U1 compares the voltage of the power supply port. If it is less than 2.5V, there is no voltage output at the output port. If it is greater than 2.5V, there is voltage output at the output port. The current is grounded through R13 and R14, and voltage is generated at the base and emitter of N1, and N1 is turned on.

[0019] The current of R11 flows to the collector of N1 through R12, and is grounded through N1. A voltage is generated between the source and gate of P1, and P1 is turned on. The small AC signal in the current is filtered by C3.

[0020] D3 is turned on and lights up, indicating that it is charging. D5 is turned on, and the current flows to C2 through P1, D3, and D5 to charge C2.

[0021] The current of BAT flows to the positive electrode of C1 and the power supply port of U2 through D2, and C1 is charged quickly.

[0022] U2 compares the voltage of the power supply port. If it is less than 2.2V, there is no voltage output at the output port. If it is greater than 2.2V, there is voltage output at the output port. The current is grounded through R32 and R33, and voltage is generated at the base and emitter of N3, and N3 is turned on.

[0023] The current from the U2 power supply port flows to the collector of N3 through R31, and is grounded through N3. The source and gate of P3 generate voltage, P3 is turned on, and the small AC signal in the current is filtered by C4.

[0024] The current flows to the DC input terminal through P3, and after DC transformation, the output terminal supplies power to the electrical equipment. The small AC signal in the current is filtered by C5.

[0025] This circuit supports automatic power supply when external charging is interrupted.

[0026] The BAT and POW voltages are less than 2.5V or there is no voltage, D1, D2, D3, and D5 are cut off, U1 has no output, N1 and P1 are cut off, and C1 and C2 are discharged.

[0027] The current flows from C1 to the power supply port of U2. U2 compares the voltage of the power supply port. If it is less than 2.2V, there is no voltage output at the output port. If it is greater than 2.2V, there is voltage output at the output port. The current is grounded through R22 and R23, and voltage is generated at the base and emitter of N2, and N2 is turned on.

[0028] The current flows from C2 through R21 to the collector of N2, and is grounded through N2. The source and gate of P2 generate voltage, P2 is turned on, and D4 is turned on to emit light, indicating that power is being supplied. The current flows through P2 and D4 to the power supply port of U2.

[0029] U2 compares the voltage of the power supply port. If it is less than 2.2V, there is no voltage output at the output port. If it is greater than 2.2V, there is voltage output at the output port. The current is grounded through R32 and R33, and voltage is generated at the base and emitter of N3, and N3 is turned on.

[0030] The current from the U2 power supply port flows to the collector of N3 through R31, and is grounded through N3. The source and gate of P3 generate voltage, P3 is turned on, and the small AC signal in the current is filtered by C4.

[0031] The current flows to the DC input terminal through P3, and after DC transformation, the output terminal supplies power to the electrical equipment. The small AC signal in the current is filtered by C5.

[0032] When the external power supply voltage is greater than 2.5V, this circuit is in charging mode, D3 lights up, C1 and C2 charge, and supply power to the power supply device at the same time; when the external power supply voltage is less than 2.5V or interrupted, this circuit is in power supply mode, D4 ​​lights up, C1 and C2 discharge, and supply power to the power supply device until the stored power in C2 is exhausted or the voltage is less than 2.2V.

[0033] The above are embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic charging power supply circuit, characterized in that: include: Power supply, field effect transistor P1, field effect transistor P2, field effect transistor P3, transistor N1, transistor N2, transistor N3, diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, diode D5, resistor R11, resistor R12, resistor R13, resistor R14, resistor R21, resistor R22, resistor R23, resistor R31, resistor R32, resistor R33, capacitor C1, capacitor C2, voltage comparator U1, voltage comparator U2; the power supply is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected to one end of the resistor R11, and the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the power supply port of the voltage comparator U1; The power supply port of the voltage comparator U1 is connected to the source of the field effect transistor P1, the gate of the field effect transistor P1 is connected to the collector of the transistor N1, and the resistor R12 is connected in parallel between the source and the gate of the field effect transistor P1; The drain of the field effect transistor P1 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D3, the negative electrode of the diode D3 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D4, the negative electrode of the diode D4 is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C1, and the other electrode of the capacitor C1 is grounded; The cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2, and the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the power supply; The base of the transistor N1 is connected to one end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to the output port of the voltage comparator U1, the emitter of the transistor N1 is grounded, and the resistor R14 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor N1; The cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the drain of the field effect transistor P2, the source of the field effect transistor P2 is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C2, the other electrode of the capacitor C2 is grounded, and the resistor R21 is connected in parallel between the source and the gate of the field effect transistor P2; The anode of the diode D4 is connected to the drain of the field effect transistor P2, and the cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the source of the field effect transistor P2; The gate of the field effect transistor P2 is connected to the collector of the transistor N2, the emitter of the transistor N2 is grounded, the base of the transistor N2 is connected to one end of the resistor R22, the other end of the resistor R22 is connected to the output port of the voltage comparator U2, and the resistor R23 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor N2; The cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the source of the field effect transistor P3, the gate of the field effect transistor P3 is connected to the collector of the transistor N3, and the resistor R31 is connected in parallel between the source and the gate of the field effect transistor P3; The base of the transistor N3 is connected to one end of the resistor R32, the other end of the resistor R32 is connected to the output port of the voltage comparator U2, the emitter of the transistor N3 is grounded, and the resistor R33 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor N3.

2. The automatic charging power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field effect transistors P1, P2 and P3 are P-type field effect transistors, and the transistors N1, N2 and N3 are NPN-type transistors.

3. The automatic charging power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capacitor C1 is an electrolytic capacitor with a negative electrode grounded, and the capacitor C2 is a super capacitor.

4. The automatic charging power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage comparator U1 and the voltage comparator U2 are low power consumption voltage comparators.

5. The automatic charging power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power source is a solar panel connector.

6. The automatic charging power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Capacitor C3 and capacitor C4, capacitor C3 is connected in parallel between the gate and drain of field effect transistor P1, and capacitor C4 is connected in parallel between the source and gate of field effect transistor P3.

7. The automatic charging power supply circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The diode D3 and the diode D4 are light emitting diodes.

8. The automatic charging power supply circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The C2 is replaced with a rechargeable battery.

9. The automatic charging power supply circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that: include: The external power supply and the diode D6, the power supply port of the external power supply and the positive electrode of the diode D6 are connected, and the cathode of the diode D6 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1.

10. The automatic charging power supply circuit according to claim 9, characterized in that: include: The voltage converter and the capacitor C5, the input end of the voltage converter is connected to the drain of the field effect transistor P3, the output end of the voltage converter is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C5, and the other electrode of the capacitor C5 is grounded.

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