A water purification method and a water intake structure based on the principle of high and low dam water intake

Abstract

The present invention discloses a water purification method and water intake structure based on the high-low dam water intake principle, wherein the water purification method includes the following steps: evacuating the debris in the water intake area with the water flow through the high-low dam to the sand discharge area, wherein the high-low dam is horizontally arranged in the middle of the river channel and intercepts the river water to raise the water level upstream of the high-low dam to form the water intake area, and the sand discharge area is located downstream of the high-low dam; flushing the sediment at the bottom of the water intake channel from the water intake channel to the sand discharge area; introducing the river water flowing into the water intake channel from the water intake port into the sand settling tank, and after staying in the sand settling tank for a preset time, the upper water in the sand settling tank flows out from the water outlet of the sand settling tank. Through the above-mentioned water purification method, in the water intake process of a water intake structure disclosed by the present invention, the water level is raised in the dry season to meet the water intake requirements, which can reduce floating and deposited impurities in the water source for water intake, and avoid mud and sand accumulation to block the water intake channel, thereby improving the water quality of the water intake.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dams, and particularly relates to a water purification method and a water intake structure based on the water intake principle of high and low dams. Background Art

[0002] In mountainous river channels, due to the relatively shallow riverbed or the decrease in river water during the fresh water season, the water intake depth is too low and there are many impurities in the river water, resulting in difficult water intake. In the existing water intake technologies, a barrage and a water intake device are mainly used. By setting a barrage on the river, the water level upstream of the barrage is raised, and then the water intake device is used to take water. However, in this water intake method, during the water intake process, there are too many impurities in the water source for intake. When a large amount of river water flows through the water intake device, the sediment in the river water will deposit in the water intake device, causing blockage. This not only leads to a decrease in the water intake volume but also makes the water taken contain a large amount of sediment, and the quality of the taken water is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a water purification method based on the water intake principle of high and low dams, which optimizes the water storage and drainage functions of the dam, facilitates the drainage of floating debris, and improves the quality of the taken water.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A water purification method based on the water intake principle of high and low dams includes the following steps:

[0006] The floating debris in the water intake area is evacuated to the sand discharge area along with the water flow through the high and low dams. Among them, the high and low dams are horizontally arranged in the middle of the river channel and intercept the river water to raise the water level upstream of the high and low dams to form the water intake area, and the sand discharge area is located downstream of the high and low dams;

[0007] The sediment at the bottom of the water intake channel is flushed from the water intake channel to the sand discharge area. Among them, both ends of the water intake channel are respectively connected to the water intake area and the sand discharge area. A water intake opening is provided at the front end of the water intake channel, and a stainless steel grille for intercepting floating debris in the water is provided at the water intake opening. The river water in the water intake area flows into the water intake channel from the water intake opening. A sand discharge opening is provided at the end of the water intake channel, and a first hoist is provided at the water intake channel in front of the sand discharge opening.

[0008] Further, the step of evacuating the debris in the water intake area to the sand discharge area along with the water flow through the high and low dams specifically includes the following steps:

[0009] The floating debris in the river water and the floating sediment at the bottom of the river are evacuated from the water intake area to the sand discharge area along with the water flow through the upstream surface of the high and low dams and the low dam body of the high and low dams. Among them, the riverbed upstream of the low dam body is hardened and forms a hydraulic curve with the upstream surface;

[0010] The sediment deposited at the bottom of the riverbed is evacuated from the water intake area to the sand discharge area along with the water flow through the sand discharge pipe at the bottom of the high and low dams.

[0011] Further, the step of flushing the sediment at the bottom of the water intake channel into the sediment discharge area from the water intake channel specifically includes the following steps:

[0012] Part of the floating debris in the water intake area is intercepted outside the water intake of the water intake channel through a stainless steel grille;

[0013] Open the first hoist, and flush the accumulated sediment at the bottom of the water intake channel along with the water flow through the sediment discharge opening and evacuate it to the sediment discharge area.

[0014] Further, a water purification method using the principle of water intake based on high and low dams further includes the step of introducing the river water flowing into the water intake channel from the water intake into the sedimentation tank, and after staying in the sedimentation tank for a preset time, the upper layer of water in the sedimentation tank flows out from the water outlet of the sedimentation tank.

[0015] Preferably, both ends of the sediment discharge pipe are respectively connected to the water intake area and the sediment discharge area and are vertically arranged at the bottom of the high dam body of the high and low dams and are connected to the high and low dams. A valve well is vertically arranged upward in the middle part of the sediment discharge pipe, and a manual and automatic integrated valve for controlling the opening and closing of the sediment discharge pipe is provided at the top of the high dam body corresponding to the valve well.

[0016] Preferably, the top of the high dam body is 0.3 m ± 0.05 m higher than the top of the low dam body, and they are connected by a connecting dam. The top of the connecting dam is an inclined surface, and the included angle with the top of the low dam body is 135° ± 5°.

[0017] Preferably, one end of the sedimentation tank is provided with a water inlet channel, and is connected to the water intake channel above the first hoist through the water inlet channel. The water inlet channel is provided with a second hoist, and the other end of the sedimentation tank is provided with a water outlet.

[0018] Preferably, both the first hoist and the second hoist are LQD type manual and automatic integrated hoists.

[0019] Preferably, the high and low dams are horizontally arranged in the middle of the river channel.

[0020] In view of this, the second object of the present invention is to provide a water intake structure, which reduces the suspended impurities and sediment in the water source during the water intake process and reduces the deposition of sediment in the water intake device during the water intake process, and improves the water quality of the water intake.

[0021] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0022] A water intake structure mainly includes:

[0023] A high and low dam horizontally arranged in the middle of the river channel;

[0024] A water intake device, the water intake device includes a water intake channel and a sedimentation tank in an arc structure;

[0025] Among them, the two ends of the water intake channel are respectively a water intake area and a sand discharge area. The front end of the water intake channel is vertically arranged on one side of the upstream river channel of the high and low dams, and a water intake is provided. The water intake is equipped with a stainless steel grille for intercepting floating debris in the water. The end of the water intake channel is connected to the downstream river channel of the high and low dams, and a sand discharge opening is provided. A first hoist is provided at the front end of the water intake channel of the sand discharge opening.

[0026] One end of the sand sedimentation tank is provided with a water inlet channel, and is connected to the water intake channel above the first hoist through the water inlet channel. The water inlet channel is equipped with a second hoist, and the other end of the sand sedimentation tank is provided with a water outlet.

[0027] During the water intake period, the first hoist is closed and the second hoist is opened. The river water enters the sand sedimentation tank from the water intake through the second hoist, stays for 30 minutes, and then flows out from the water outlet.

[0028] Preferably, during the water intake period, according to the water inflow at the water intake, the height of the first hoist is raised to form a gap between the first hoist and the water intake channel. The second hoist is opened, and the river water enters the sand sedimentation tank from the water intake through the second hoist. The sediment flows out from the sand discharge opening through the gap between the first hoist and the bottom of the water intake channel.

[0029] During the maintenance stage, the first hoist is opened and the second hoist is closed. The river water enters from the water intake and flows out from the sand discharge opening through the first hoist to wash the water intake channel.

[0030] Preferably, the water intake channel has an arc-shaped structure, and the radius of the arc-shaped structure is 10 m.

[0031] Preferably, river embankments are built on both sides of the river channel between the water intake and the sand discharge opening of the water intake channel.

[0032] Furthermore, the high and low dams mainly include a main dam body horizontally arranged in the middle of the river channel, a plurality of embedded piles arranged at the bottom of the main dam body and embedded in the river bottom rock layer, a water-facing surface arranged on one side of the main dam body facing the upstream of the river channel, and a falling water surface arranged on the other side of the main dam body and corresponding to the water-facing surface.

[0033] Among them, the main dam body includes a high dam body for flood overflow during the rainy season, a low dam body lower than the high dam body for freshwater season overflow, and a connecting dam connecting the high dam body and the low dam body.

[0034] Preferably, a sand discharge pipe penetrating the water-facing surface and the falling water surface is provided at the bottom of the high dam body. A valve well is vertically arranged upward in the middle part of the sand discharge pipe, and a manual and automatic integrated valve for controlling the opening and closing of the sand discharge pipe is provided at the top of the main dam body corresponding to the valve well.

[0035] Preferably, the top of the low dam body is 2 m ± 0.5 m from the river bottom. The top of the connecting dam is an inclined surface, and forms an angle of 135° ± 5° with the top of the low dam body. The top of the high dam body is 0.3 m ± 0.05 m higher than the top of the low dam body.

[0036] Preferably, the centers of the multiple embedded piles are 2m±0.5m apart and are embedded 0.5m±0.05m below the riverbed rock formation.

[0037] Preferably, the high and low dams are designed as reinforced concrete gravity overflow dams and are sited in rivers with stable geology and gentle riverbeds.

[0038] Preferably, the slope of the water-facing surface is 1:1.5, and the slope of the water-falling surface is 1:0.5.

[0039] Specifically, in the non-flood period or the off-water season, the high and low dams intercept the river water upstream of the high and low dams, and the excess river water overflows through the low dam body. The overflowing river water evacuates the dead branches, fallen leaves, tree roots, weeds and other debris in the river channel through the water-facing surface of the low dam body of the high and low dam to the downstream of the high and low dam;

[0040] When mountain torrents break out and there is sufficient rainfall, the river water overflows through the entire section of the main dam body of the high and low dams, and the riverbed upstream of the low dam body hardens, forming a hydraulic curve with the water-facing surface. During the flood season, the hydraulic force washes the floating mud and sand at the bottom of the riverbed away from the low dam body through the water-facing surface;

[0041] Preferably, when flash floods occur and there is sufficient rain, the manual-automatic box door (i.e., manual-automatic valve) above the valve well above the sand discharge pipe is opened, and the mud and silt accumulated on the riverbed upstream of the high and low dams flows from the sand discharge pipe to the downstream of the high and low dams.

[0042] Beneficial Effects

[0043] The present invention discloses a water purification method based on the water intake principle of high and low dams. One of the beneficial effects is that the water storage and discharge functions of the dam are optimized, which is beneficial to the discharge of floating debris and the improvement of the water quality of the intake water. On the one hand, the sand discharge channel in the high dam body is used to prevent the siltation in the river channel upstream of the high and low dams, thereby improving the water quality of the river water. When the water intake structure is used to intake water, the water intake and sand discharge are carried out simultaneously, thereby avoiding the clogging of the water intake channel by mud and sand and improving the water quality of the intake water.

[0044] The invention discloses a water intake structure, which has the second beneficial effect of reducing suspended impurities and deposited silt in the water source and reducing the deposition of sand in the water intake device during the water intake process, thereby improving the water quality of the water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor.

[0046] Figure 1Schematic diagram of a structure in an embodiment of a water intake structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 Schematic sectional view of a high-low dam in an embodiment of a water intake structure of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 Schematic cross-sectional view of a high-low dam in an embodiment of a water intake structure of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 Schematic plan view of a high-low dam in an embodiment of a water intake structure of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 Schematic cross-sectional view of a water intake opening of a water intake channel in an embodiment of a water intake structure of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 Schematic plan view of a sand sedimentation tank in an embodiment of a water intake structure of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 Schematic sectional view of a sand sedimentation tank in an embodiment of a water intake structure of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 Flowchart of an embodiment of a water purification method based on the water intake principle of a high-low dam of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0055] The embodiments are given to better illustrate the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited only to the given embodiments. Therefore, those skilled in the art who make non-essential improvements and adjustments to the implementation manners according to the above invention content still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0056] Embodiment 1

[0057] Water intake structure

[0058] Reference Figure 1, is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a water intake structure of the present invention. The water intake structure in this embodiment includes a high and low dam S100 and a water intake device. Among them, the high and low dam S100 is horizontally arranged in the middle of the river course, and the water intake device includes a water intake canal S202 and a sedimentation tank S204.

[0059] In this embodiment, the high and low dam S100 is selected at a place where the foundation of the dam and the geological conditions of the slopes on both sides are stable, the rock mass outcrops, the river valley is narrow, and the river bed is gentle; the structural form adopts the design of a reinforced concrete gravity overflow dam.

[0060] Specifically, the high and low dam S100 includes a main dam body S102. On both sides of the main dam body S102, there are respectively a water-facing surface S104 and a falling water surface S106. At the lower part of the main dam body S102, there is a sand discharge pipe S108 that vertically penetrates through the water-facing surface S104 and the falling water surface S106 to prevent sediment deposition. The diameter of the sand discharge pipe S108 is a steel pipe of 820X10mm, and the pipe material is a welded anti-corrosion steel pipe; in the middle part of the sand discharge pipe S108, there is a manual and automatic integrated valve S110 corresponding vertically upward to the dam crest of the main dam body S102. The manual and automatic integrated valve S110 controls the opening and closing of the sand discharge pipe S108 through a valve well S111; at the bottom of the main dam body S102, there are multiple embedded piles S112. The center distance between these embedded piles is 2m, and they are embedded not less than 0.5m below the rock stratum at the bottom of the river.

[0061] Preferably, the slope of the water-facing surface S104 of the main dam body S102 is 1:1.5, and the slope of the falling water surface S106 is 1:0.5.

[0062] In this embodiment, the main dam body S102 includes a high dam body S114 for flood overflow during the rainy season, a low dam body S116 for freshwater season overflow, and a connecting dam S118 connecting the high dam body S114 and the low dam body S116.

[0063] In a specific embodiment, the total length of the main dam body S102 is L, the low dam body S116 accounts for half of the main dam body S102, with a length of 0.5L. The height of the low dam body S116 is 2m. The dam crest of the connecting dam S118 is an inclined surface, and there is a 135° angle with the dam crest of the low dam body S116. The dam crest of the high dam body S114 is 0.3m higher than the dam crest of the low dam body S116, and the width of the dam crest of the main dam body S102 is 2m.

[0064] Preferably, the sand discharge pipe S108 is arranged at the bottom of the high dam body S114 and is (0.3 ± 0.05)L long from the river embankment.

[0065] Furthermore, the bottom of the river bed upstream of the low dam body S116 is hardened.

[0066] In one embodiment, in the non-flood period or the off-water season, the high-low dam S100 intercepts the river water upstream of the high-low dam S100, and the excess river water overflows through the low dam body. The overflowing river water evacuates floating debris such as dead branches and leaves, tree roots and weeds in the river channel through the water-facing surface S104 of the low dam body of the high-low dam S100 to the downstream of the high-low dam S100;

[0067] In another embodiment, when a mountain torrent breaks out and there is sufficient rain, the river water overflows through the entire section of the main dam body S102 of the high and low dam S100, and the riverbed upstream of the low dam body hardens, forming a hydraulic curve with the water-facing surface S104. During the flood season, the hydraulic force washes the floating mud and sand at the bottom of the riverbed away from the low dam body through the water-facing surface S104. In a specific embodiment, when a mountain torrent breaks out and there is sufficient rain, the manual-automatic box door S110 on the valve well S111 above the sand discharge pipe S108 is opened, and the mud and sand silt deposited on the riverbed upstream of the high and low dam S100 flows from the sand discharge pipe S108 to the downstream of the high and low dam S100.

[0068] Preferably, the opening and closing size of the sand discharge pipe S108 can be controlled by adjusting the manual-automatic box door S110 according to the upstream water level of the high and low dam S100, for example, the sand discharge pipe S108 is half-opened to better clean the mud and sand on the riverbed.

[0069] In this embodiment, the water intake device includes a water intake channel S202 and a sand settling tank S204. The two ends of the water intake channel S202 are respectively connected to the river upstream of the high and low dam S100 and downstream of the high and low dam S100, and a water intake port S206 is set at the front end of the water intake channel S202 and a sand discharge port S208 is set at the end of the water intake channel S202. The water intake port S206 is set at about 8m upstream of the high and low dam S100, and the water intake port S206 is perpendicular to the river. On the other side, a stainless steel grille S210 for intercepting debris in the water is set at the water intake S206. The width of the water intake S206 and the depth covered by the river water (effective water intake depth) can be set according to the scale of water intake; the sand discharge port S208 is connected to the downstream river channel of the high and low dam S100, and a first gate hoist S212 is provided at the water intake channel S202 at the front end of the sand discharge port S208, such as an LQD manual-automatic gate hoist, an LQD hand-held and electric dual-purpose gate hoist, etc.

[0070] In this embodiment, a grit chamber S204 is provided near the downstream of the high and low dams S100 in the water intake channel S202. An inlet channel S213 is provided at one end of the grit chamber S204. The grit chamber S204 is connected to the water intake channel S202 through the inlet channel S213. The inlet channel S213 is provided with a second gate hoist S214, such as an LQD manual-automatic gate hoist, an LQD hand-held and electric dual-purpose gate hoist, etc. A water outlet S216 is provided at the other end of the grit chamber S204.

[0071] Preferably, the top of the water intake of the water intake channel S202 is 0.5 m higher than the normal water level of the river. The ratio of the net width w to the effective water intake depth Δh of the water intake channel S202 is set as w:Δh = 2:1, and the slope i of the water intake channel S202 is i≥0.01;

[0072] Preferably, the net width of the water intake S206 is 1 - 1.5 m, and the effective water intake depth (the length between the normal water level and the bottom of the water intake channel) is 0.5 - 1 m;

[0073] Preferably, the grid clearance of the stainless - steel grille S210 at the water intake S206 is 50X50 mm;

[0074] Preferably, the water intake channel S202 has an arc structure, and the arc radius is 10 m, and the top of the channel is h = 0.5 m higher than the normal water level.

[0075] In an embodiment, when the water intake structure of the present invention using the high - low dam S100 operates, during the dry season of the river, the high - low dam S100 intercepts the river water to raise the water level in the upper reaches of the river to meet the water intake level requirements. During the flood season of the river, the water level in the upper reaches of the river channel of the high - low dam S100 also meets the water intake requirements. The river water flows into the water intake channel S202 through the water intake S206 of the water intake channel S202. The stainless - steel grille at the water intake S206 can intercept some debris in the river water. After the river water flows into the water intake channel S202, the first hoist S212 is closed, and the second hoist S214 is opened. The river water flows into the grit chamber S204. Set the residence time of the river water in the grit chamber S204, for example, 30 minutes. The river water stays in the grit chamber S204 for 30 minutes. During this period, some debris in the river water deposits at the bottom of the grit chamber S204, and then the river water flows out from the water outlet S216 on the other side of the grit chamber S204.

[0076] Preferably, the grit chamber S204 in this embodiment is different from the traditional grit chamber, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7, a diversion wall S218 and an overflow wall S220 are provided in the grit chamber S204. In a specific embodiment, the diversion wall S218 and the overflow wall S220 divide the grit chamber S204 into two areas, namely a sand accumulation area S222 and a water accumulation area S224. The height of the diversion wall S218 is about 0.3 m lower than the top of the tank, and the height of the overflow wall S220 is lower than that of the diversion wall S218, which can be set to 0.5 - 1.0 m. On one side of the sand accumulation area S222 facing the water inlet channel S213, there is a sand discharge port, and a hoist is also provided at the sand discharge port. Specifically, when the river water enters the grit chamber S204 from the water inlet channel S213, the river water first enters the sand accumulation area S222. At this time, due to the obstruction of the diversion wall S218 and the overflow wall S220, the river water cannot immediately flow into the water accumulation area S224. After a period of residence, some sundries in the river water are deposited at the bottom of the sand accumulation area S222. Then, the river water enters the water accumulation area S224 from the overflow wall S220. The overflow wall S220 and the diversion wall S218 can effectively prevent the deposited sediment from entering the water accumulation area S224 and polluting the water quality of the water intake. When a certain amount of sediment accumulates at the bottom of the sand accumulation area S222, close the electric-hydraulic gate valve at the water outlet S216, and open the hoist at the sand discharge port to let the river water flowing into the grit chamber S204 wash the sediment accumulated at the bottom of the tank, so that the sediment flows out from the sand discharge port, reducing problems such as excessive impurities in the water and reduced water intake caused by the accumulation of sediment in the grit chamber S204. Further, the grit chamber S204 in this embodiment is closed, which can effectively prevent a large amount of impurities from entering the grit chamber S204 during the rainy season, windy season, etc., resulting in poor water quality of the water intake.

[0077] In another embodiment, when the water intake device fails or is under periodic maintenance, for example, when sediment accumulates in the water intake channel S202 and the water intake volume becomes smaller, etc., it is necessary to repair the water intake device. Open the first hoist S212 and close the second hoist S214 to let the river water in the river flow from the water intake S206 of the water intake channel S202 to the sand discharge port S208 to clean and wash the sediment in the channel.

[0078] Further, when the water intake device is operating, the second hoist S214 can also be opened, and the first hoist S212 can be raised so that the first hoist S212 is higher than the bottom of the water intake channel S202. This can not only ensure the water intake demand but also allow the sediment in the water intake channel S202 to flow from the sand discharge port S208 into the downstream of the high-low dam S100, ensuring that the water intake is the upper layer water of the river and reducing sundries. Specifically, the height that the first hoist S212 is lifted can be adjusted according to the water volume at the water intake S206 of the water intake channel S202. Preferably, the first hoist S212 can be 10 - 20 cm higher than the bottom of the channel.

[0079] Embodiment 2

[0080] A water purification method using the water intake principle of a high-low dam

[0081] Based on the water intake structure of Embodiment 1, this embodiment specifically describes a water purification method using the water intake principle of high and low dams implemented on the water intake structure of Embodiment 1. According to Figure 6 the process schematic diagram, it should be noted that this embodiment focuses on the water purification method under the water intake principle. Therefore, only the steps to improve the water intake quality during the water intake process are specifically described, while ordinary water intake steps, such as the steps of river water flowing from the water intake into the water intake channel, are not specifically described in this embodiment. Specifically, a water purification method using the water intake principle of high and low dams in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0082] S300, intercept the river water to raise the water level, and then execute step S302;

[0083] In this embodiment, water intake is carried out in places where the geological conditions of the slopes on both sides are stable, the bedrock outcrops, the river valley is narrow, and the riverbed is gentle. Using the high and low dam S100 in Embodiment 1, during the non-flood season or the fresh water season, the river water is intercepted upstream of the high and low dam S100 (i.e., the water intake area) so that the water depth in the water intake area meets the water intake requirements.

[0084] S302, evacuate and discharge the floating debris in the water intake area through the low dam body of the high and low dam on the water-facing side, and then execute step S304;

[0085] In this embodiment, after step S300, the high and low dam S100 intercepts the river water upstream of the high and low dam S100 to meet the water intake requirements. Excessive river water will overflow through the low dam body, and the overflowing river water will evacuate the floating debris in the river channel, such as dead branches, fallen leaves, tree roots, and weeds, through the water-facing side S104 of the low dam body part of the high and low dam S100 to the downstream (sediment discharge area) of the high and low dam S100.

[0086] In another embodiment, when the river water is sufficient and flash floods cause the river water flow velocity upstream of the high and low dam S100 to be rapid, there is more floating sediment in the water intake area at this time. The river water overflows through the entire section of the main dam body S102 of the high and low dam S100. The upstream riverbed of the low dam body is hardened, and the hydraulic curve formed with the water-facing side S104. During the high water period, the hydraulic force flushes the floating sediment at the bottom of the riverbed through the water-facing side S104 from the low dam body.

[0087] S304, evacuate the silt deposited at the bottom of the water intake area to the sediment discharge area through the sediment discharge pipe, and then execute step S306;

[0088] In this embodiment, in a specific embodiment, during the period of flash floods and sufficient rainwater, the manual-automatic integrated hatch S110 on the valve well S111 above the sediment discharge pipe S108 is opened, and the silt and sludge deposited at the bottom of the river upstream of the high and low dam S100 are evacuated to the downstream (sediment discharge area) of the high and low dam S100 through the sediment discharge pipe S108.

[0089] Preferably, according to the upstream water level requirements of the high and low dams S100, the size of the opening and closing of the sand discharge pipe S108 can be controlled by regulating the manual and automatic gate S110. For example, during non-flood season, there is less silt accumulated at the river bottom, and the sand discharge pipe S108 can be half-opened, so that the water level in the water intake area meets the water intake requirements while the silt at the river bottom can be better cleaned according to the water flow velocity.

[0090] S306, flush the sediment at the bottom of the water intake channel into the sand discharge area from the water intake channel, and then execute step S308;

[0091] In this embodiment, through the process from step S300 to step S304, compared with the river water at the ordinary water intake source, the floating debris, floating silt and the silt accumulated at the river bottom in the river water of the water intake area are significantly reduced, improving the water quality from the water intake source. In a specific embodiment, the river water flows into the water intake channel S202 through the water intake S206 of the water intake channel S202. The stainless steel grille S210 at the water intake S206 can intercept a part of the floating debris in the river water, such as dead branches, leaves, tree roots and weeds. This part of the intercepted floating debris is then evacuated to the sand discharge area through step S302; after the river water flows into the water intake channel S202, the first hoist S212 is closed and the second hoist S214 is opened, and the river water flows into the sedimentation tank S204. During this process, fine debris such as silt that cannot be intercepted by the stainless steel grille S210 will be deposited at the bottom of the water intake channel. When the deposited silt is too much, the water intake volume will decrease sharply and cannot meet the water intake demand.

[0092] In another embodiment, when the water intake device fails or is under periodic maintenance, for example, when there is sediment accumulation in the water intake channel S202 and the water intake volume becomes smaller, etc., the water intake device needs to be repaired. Open the first hoist S212 and close the second hoist S214, so that the river water in the river flows from the water intake S206 of the water intake channel S202 to the sand discharge port S208 to clean and flush the sediment in the channel.

[0093] Furthermore, when the water intake device is operating, the second hoist S214 can be opened and the first hoist S212 can be raised so that the first hoist S212 is higher than the bottom of the water intake channel S202. This can not only ensure the water intake demand, but also allow the sediment in the water intake channel S202 to flow into the downstream of the high and low dams S100 from the sand discharge port S208, ensuring that the water intake is the upper layer water of the river and reducing debris. Particularly, the height of the first hoist S212 can be adjusted according to the water volume at the water intake S206 of the water intake channel S202. Preferably, the first hoist S212 can be 10 - 20 cm higher than the bottom of the channel.

[0094] S308, introduce the river water in the water intake channel into the sedimentation tank and stay for a preset time, and then flow out from the water outlet of the sedimentation tank.

[0095] In this embodiment, the river water flowing into the water intake channel S202 flows into the grit chamber S204 through the intake channel S213. At this time, the river water may also carry fine sediment. A preset time for the river water to stay in the grit chamber S204 is set, for example, 30 minutes. The river water stays in the grit chamber S204 for 30 minutes. During this period, some debris in the river water is deposited at the bottom of the grit chamber S204. Then, the upper layer of the river water in the grit chamber S204 flows out from the water outlet S216 on the other side of the grit chamber S204.

[0096] Further, after step S308, when the grit chamber S204 has deposited debris multiple times, sediment accumulates at the bottom of the grit chamber, resulting in excessive impurities in the water flowing out from the water outlet S216 or a decrease in the water intake capacity of the grit chamber S204, causing a decrease in the water intake. Therefore, according to the structure of the grit chamber S204 in Embodiment 1, in a specific embodiment, the river water first enters the sand accumulation area S222 in the grit chamber S204. At this time, due to the obstruction of the diversion wall S218 and the overflow wall S220, the river water cannot immediately flow into the water accumulation area S224. After staying for a period of time, some debris in the river water is deposited at the bottom of the sand accumulation area S222. Then, the river water enters the water accumulation area S224 from the overflow wall S220. The overflow wall S220 and the diversion wall S218 can effectively prevent the deposited sediment from entering the water accumulation area S224 and polluting the water intake quality; when a certain amount of sediment accumulates at the bottom of the sand accumulation area S222 of the grit chamber S204, the electric-hydraulic gate valve at the water outlet S216 is closed, and the hoist at the sand discharge port is opened to allow the river water flowing into the grit chamber S204 to wash the sediment accumulated at the bottom of the sand accumulation area S222, so that the sediment flows out from the sand discharge port. This reduces problems such as excessive impurities in the water and a decrease in the water intake caused by the accumulation of sediment in the grit chamber S204.

[0097] Furthermore, the grit chamber S204 in this embodiment is closed, which can effectively prevent a large amount of impurities from entering the grit chamber S204 during the rainy season, windy season, etc., resulting in problems such as deterioration of the water intake quality.

[0098] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope protected by the claims. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water purification method based on the principle of water intake by high and low dams, wherein the high dam body and the low dam body of the high and low dams are arranged transversely perpendicular to the water flow direction. Characterized in that, It includes the following steps: The sundries in the water intake area are evacuated to the sand discharge area along with the water flow through the high and low dams. Among them, the high and low dams are transversely arranged in the middle of the river channel and intercept the river water to raise the water level upstream of the high and low dams to form the water intake area, and the sand discharge area is located downstream of the high and low dams. The sediment at the bottom of the water intake canal is washed from the water intake canal to the sand discharge area; wherein, both ends of the water intake canal are respectively connected to the water intake area and the sand discharge area, a water intake is provided at the front end of the water intake canal, the river water in the water intake area flows into the water intake canal from the water intake, a sand discharge port is provided at the end of the water intake canal, and a first hoist is provided at the water intake canal at the front end of the sand discharge port.

2. The water purification method according to claim 1, Characterized in that, The step of evacuating the sundries in the water intake area to the sand discharge area along with the water flow through the high and low dams specifically includes the following steps: The floating sundries in the river water and the floating sediment at the bottom of the river are evacuated from the water intake area to the sand discharge area along with the water flow through the upstream water-facing surface of the high and low dams and through the low dam body of the high and low dams; wherein, the upstream riverbed of the low dam body is hardened and forms a hydraulic curve with the water-facing surface. The sediment accumulated at the bottom of the riverbed is evacuated from the water intake area to the sand discharge area along with the water flow through the sand discharge pipe at the bottom of the high and low dams.

3. The water purification method according to claim 1, Characterized in that, The step of washing the sediment at the bottom of the water intake canal from the water intake canal to the sand discharge area specifically includes the following steps: The floating sundries in the water intake area are intercepted outside the water intake canal by the stainless steel grille provided at the front end of the water intake. Open the first hoist, and wash the accumulated sediment at the bottom of the water intake canal along with the water flow through the sand discharge port and evacuate it to the sand discharge area.

4. The water purification method according to any one of claims 1-3, Characterized in that, It further includes the step: Introduce the river water flowing into the water intake canal from the water intake into the sedimentation tank, and after staying in the sedimentation tank for a preset time, the upper layer of water in the sedimentation tank flows out from the water outlet of the sedimentation tank.

5. The water purification method according to claim 2, Characterized in that, Both ends of the sand discharge pipe are respectively connected to the water intake area and the sand discharge area and are vertically arranged at the bottom of the high dam body of the high and low dams. A valve well is vertically arranged upward in the middle part of the sand discharge pipe, and a manual and automatic integrated valve for controlling the opening and closing of the sand discharge pipe is provided at the top of the high dam body corresponding to the valve well.

6. The water purification method according to claim 5, Characterized in that, The top of the high dam is 0.3 m higher than the top of the low dam 0.05 m and are connected by a connecting dam. The top of the connecting dam is an inclined plane and the included angle with the top of the low dam body is 135° 5°.

7. The water purification method according to claim 4, Characterized in that, One end of the sedimentation tank is provided with a water inlet canal, and is connected to the water intake canal above the first hoist through the water inlet canal. The water inlet canal is provided with a second hoist, and the other end of the sedimentation tank is provided with the water outlet.

8. The water purification method according to claim 7, Characterized in that, Both the first hoist and the second hoist are LQD type manual and automatic integrated hoists.

9. A water intake structure capable of implementing the water purification method according to any one of claims 1-8, It is characterized in that mainly includes a high-low dam horizontally arranged in the middle of the river course a water intake device, and the water intake device includes a water intake canal and a sand settling pond; wherein both ends of the water intake canal are respectively connected to a water intake area and a sand discharging area, the front end of the water intake canal is a water intake port, a stainless steel grille for intercepting floating debris in the water is arranged at the water intake port, a sand discharging port is arranged at the end of the water intake canal, and a first hoist is arranged at the water intake canal in front of the sand discharging port one end of the sand settling pond is provided with a water inlet canal, and is connected to the water intake canal above the first hoist through the water inlet canal, a second hoist is arranged on the water inlet canal, and a water outlet is opened at the other end of the sand settling pond 10. The water intake structure according to claim 9 It is characterized in that the high-low dam includes a main dam body horizontally arranged in the middle of the river course, a plurality of embedded piles arranged at the bottom of the main dam body and embedded in the river bottom rock stratum, a water-facing surface arranged on one side of the main dam body facing the upstream of the river course, and a falling water surface arranged on the other side of the main dam body and corresponding to the water-facing surface; the main dam body includes a high dam body for flood overflow during the rainy season, a low dam body lower than the high dam body for fresh water season overflow, and a connecting dam connecting the high dam body and the low dam body; wherein, a sand discharging pipe penetrating through the water-facing surface and the falling water surface is arranged at the bottom of the high dam body, a valve well is vertically arranged upward in the middle part of the sand discharging pipe, and a manual-automatic integrated valve for controlling the opening and closing of the sand discharging pipe is arranged at the top of the main dam body corresponding to the valve well

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