A super evaporative cooling anode

Abstract

The present invention discloses a super evaporation cooling anode, which includes an anode target. A cooling fluid channel is provided on the back or inside of the anode target away from the bombardment surface. There are also N cooling grooves on the anode target, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the open end of each cooling groove communicates with the channel. The super evaporation cooling anode structure provided by the present invention can greatly improve the anode cooling efficiency of a stationary anode X-ray tube, thereby increasing the working power of the X-ray tube, facilitating the miniaturization design of the X-ray tube. Generally, the power dissipation density of a water-cooled anode is 40-120 W / cm<supgt;2< / supgt;, while the power dissipation density of the super evaporation cooling anode structure provided by the present invention can reach 1000 W / cm<supgt;2< / supgt>.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of electric vacuum technology, in particular to a super evaporative cooling anode, which can be used in the fields of medical equipment, industrial nondestructive testing, X-ray irradiation and other technical fields. Background Art

[0002] The X-ray tube is an electric vacuum device that uses electron beams to bombard radiation conversion targets to generate X-rays. It is a key component in X-ray machines (X-ray machines). The electrons emitted by the cathode (usually tungsten filament) bombard the anode target at high speed under the action of the high-voltage electric field of the anode target, and produce X-rays due to bremsstrahlung. The voltage across the X-ray tube can often be several thousand volts, tens of kilovolts, or even higher. When high-speed electrons bombard the anode target, only 1% of the electron beam energy is converted into X-rays, and the remaining 99% of the energy is converted into heat and deposited in the anode target, causing the anode target temperature to rise sharply. Excessive temperature will have an adverse effect on the service life of the anode target and the entire X-ray tube. In addition, traditional X-ray tubes are relatively large in size to ensure a sufficiently large heat dissipation area, and occupy a large space in the structural design of the X-ray instrument. In order to miniaturize the instrument design, the size of the X-ray tube must be reduced. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the heat dissipation effect of the traditional X-ray tube anode structure design is poor, which affects the service life of the X-ray tube and is not conducive to the miniaturization of the X-ray tube. The present invention provides a super evaporative cooling anode to solve the above problems.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A super evaporative cooling anode comprises an anode target, wherein a cooling fluid channel is provided on the back or inside of the anode target away from the bombardment surface, and N cooling grooves are also provided on the anode target, where N is a positive integer ≥ 1, and the open end of each cooling groove is connected to the channel.

[0006] The present invention improves the anode structure, sets a channel penetrating the anode target inside the anode target, or sets a pipe as a channel on the plate surface of the anode target facing away from the bombardment surface, or sets an additional structure on the plate surface of the anode target facing away from the bombardment surface, and uses the gap between the additional structure and the anode target plate surface as a channel, and uses the above-mentioned channel as a cooling fluid circulation passage. The cooling fluid can flow continuously in the channel, or flow periodically or non-periodically intermittently, and the bottom shape of the cooling groove includes but is not limited to a plane, an inclined surface or a cone surface; therefore, the coolant fluid flowing through the channel takes away the heat deposited on the anode target. The present invention also sets N cooling grooves on the anode target, and the cooling groove can be a groove structure opened on the anode target plate surface in the channel, or a structure surrounded by a protruding contour on the anode target plate surface in the channel. The cooling fluid flows into the cooling groove. Due to the high temperature of the anode target, the small unit volume of water entering the cooling groove is immediately vaporized into water vapor and sprayed out of the cooling groove, that is, it is sprayed into the channel and flows into a large volume of cooling fluid and quickly condenses into liquid. Then the cooling fluid enters the cooling groove again and is vaporized and sprayed out, and the cycle continues. Since all cooling slots are connected to the channel, the area near the cooling slot port is always in the cold fluid, thus ensuring that the anode target and the entire anode will not be overheated and burned. Because the heat exchange between the cooling fluid and the anode target in the cooling slot is completed by the vaporization of water, the vaporized water can take away a lot of heat from the anode target. At this time, the main function of the cooling fluid flowing in the channel is to quickly take away the vaporized heat in the cooling slot, ensuring that the vaporization conversion can continue to occur in the cooling slot.

[0007] Furthermore, the channel is a pore structure with a radial cross section having a regular or irregular shape.

[0008] The radial cross-section of the channel can be a regular shape, such as a circle, an ellipse, a polygon surrounded by straight lines (such as a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon, a hexagon, etc.), a polygon surrounded by arcs (such as a spindle shape, a plum blossom shape), or a polygon surrounded by straight lines and arcs (such as a fan shape), etc. The specific shape is not limited, and is subject to adaptation to the anode structure and design to maximize heat dissipation.

[0009] Furthermore, in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface between the fluid and the anode target, the maximum gap of the channel is ≤10 mm.

[0010] The gap of the channel is designed to be as small as possible. Under the condition of the same fluid flow rate, the cooling fluid can be ensured to circulate quickly in the channel to quickly take away the heat vaporized in the cooling tank and ensure that the vaporization transformation can continue in the cooling tank. If the channel is too large, the flow rate of the cooling fluid will inevitably decrease, and the temperature difference between the cooling fluid in the channel and the vaporized gas in the cooling tank will decrease, affecting the heat exchange; and a channel that is too large may even be detrimental to the design of the anode target or increase the anode design volume.

[0011] Furthermore, the relationship between the axial direction of the cooling groove and the flow direction of the fluid in the channel includes vertical, parallel or intersecting.

[0012] There is no restriction on the relationship between the axial direction of the cooling groove and the flow direction of the fluid in the channel, as long as the cooling groove and the channel are connected, the cooling fluid in the channel can flow into the cooling groove, and the vaporized gas in the cooling groove can flow into the cooling fluid in the channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the structure of the cooling groove in the width direction is adapted to the anode target, and the cooling groove includes a ring shape, a spiral shape or a straight strip shape in the width extension direction.

[0014] There is no restriction on the extension shape of the cooling groove in the width direction, and it can be any shape such as annular, spiral or linear.

[0015] Furthermore, the width of the cooling groove is ≤10 mm, and the depth is ≤12 mm; the interval between adjacent cooling grooves is ≤12 mm.

[0016] The volume space in the cooling tank is minimized as much as possible, so that the cooling fluid in the channel that contacts the anode target can be divided into several water units with small volume units. For each water unit, the heat exchange area is infinite, which greatly increases the heat exchange efficiency of these water units, so that the cooling fluid flowing into the cooling tank is quickly vaporized and flows into the cooling fluid in the channel.

[0017] Further, the entire cross section of the anode target is covered by one cooling fluid channel or the cross section of the anode target is covered by a plurality of cooling fluid channels.

[0018] There are no restrictions on the shape and number of the channels. In the corresponding design structure, it is sufficient to cover a sufficiently large anode target cross-section to ensure the maximum heat exchange area.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a water jacket cover, which covers the plate surface of the anode target facing away from the bombardment surface, and the gap between the water jacket cover and the anode target serves as a channel for cooling fluid.

[0020] By arranging a water jacket cover on the anode, that is, arranging a relative water jacket cover on the back of the anode target, a gap is formed between the water jacket cover and the back plate surface of the anode target as a channel for the cooling fluid, thus forming a channel covering the entire anode target cooling back plate, thereby effectively cooling the anode target.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a water jacket, an anode seat, an anode cover and a baffle; the water jacket is arranged along the circumference of the anode cover, a water jacket cover is arranged at the top end of the water jacket, and an anode seat is arranged at the bottom end, and the anode cover is sealed in the sealed space of the water jacket, the anode seat and the water jacket cover; the gap between the inner wall of the water jacket and the outer wall of the anode cover and the gap between the water jacket cover and the anode target are interconnected, and both serve as channels for cooling fluid; a water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the water jacket, and two baffles are also provided between the water jacket and the anode cover along the axial direction, and the water inlet and the water outlet are distributed on both sides of the baffle line.

[0022] The present invention mainly cools the anode target where heat is relatively concentrated, but is not limited to cooling only the anode target, and can also cool the entire anode at the same time. For example, the present invention forms a sealed chamber structure by setting a water jacket, an anode seat, and a water jacket cover, and sets an anode cover in the chamber structure, the anode cover is fixed on the anode seat, and the anode target is installed on the top of the anode cover; a channel for the circulation of cooling fluid is formed in the gap between the inner wall of the water jacket and the outer wall of the anode cover, and a channel for the circulation of cooling fluid is formed in the gap between the lower surface of the water jacket cover and the upper surface of the anode target, and the two channels are interconnected, so that a cooling structure surrounding the entire anode cover is formed to cool the entire anode.

[0023] An X-ray tube comprises the above-mentioned super evaporative cooling anode.

[0024] The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0025] The super-evaporative cooling anode structure provided by the present invention can greatly improve the anode cooling efficiency of the fixed anode X-ray tube, thereby increasing the working power of the X-ray tube and facilitating the miniaturization design of the X-ray tube. The principle is as follows:

[0026] The present invention also provides N cooling grooves on the anode target. The cooling grooves can be groove structures opened on the anode target plate surface in the channel, or can be structures surrounded by contours protruding on the anode target plate surface in the channel. The cooling fluid flows into the cooling groove. Due to the high temperature of the anode target, the small unit volume of water entering the cooling groove is immediately vaporized into water vapor and sprayed out of the cooling groove, that is, the large volume of cooling fluid sprayed into the channel is quickly condensed into liquid, and then the cooling fluid enters the cooling groove again and is vaporized and sprayed out, and the cycle continues. Since all cooling grooves are connected to the channel, it is ensured that the vicinity of the cooling groove port is always in the cold fluid, thereby ensuring that the anode target and the entire anode are not overheated and burned. Because the heat exchange between the cooling fluid and the anode target in the cooling groove is completed by the vaporization of water, the vaporized water can take away a large amount of heat from the anode target. At this time, the main function of the cooling fluid flowing in the channel is to quickly take away the vaporized heat in the cooling groove to ensure that the vaporization conversion can continue to occur in the cooling groove. The general water-cooled anode dissipated power density is 40 to 120 W / cm 2The super evaporative cooling anode structure provided by the present invention can dissipate power density up to 1000W / cm 2 . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing X-ray tube with a fixed anode;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an axial cross section of a super evaporative cooling anode structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a radial cross section of a super evaporative cooling anode structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the super evaporative cooling principle of the present invention.

[0032] Markings and corresponding parts names in the attached drawings: 1-anode seat, 2-water jacket, 3-anode cover, 4-water jacket cover, 5-anode target, 6-water inlet, 7-water baffle, 8-water outlet, 9-cooling tank, A-cathode, B-housing, C-anode; the arrows in the attached drawings indicate the direction of water flow. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] The present embodiment provides a super-evaporative cooling anode structure for fixing an anode X-ray tube, comprising an anode target 5. A cooling fluid channel is provided on the back or inside of the anode target 5 away from the bombardment surface. In the present embodiment, the cooling fluid channel is provided on the back of the anode target 5 away from the bombardment surface. A plurality of cooling grooves 9 are provided on the back plate surface of the anode target 5. The plurality of cooling grooves 9 are evenly distributed on the back plate surface of the anode target 5. The open end of each cooling groove 9 is connected to the channel. The cooling fluid is cooling water.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] Further improved on the basis of Example 1, the channel is a pore structure with a regular or irregular radial cross section, and in the direction perpendicular to the contact surface between the fluid and the anode target 5, the maximum gap of the channel is ≤10mm, and the entire cross section of the anode target 5 is covered by a channel for cooling fluid or the cross section of the anode target 5 is covered by multiple channels for cooling fluid. In this embodiment, the entire back plate surface of the anode target 5 is covered by a channel for cooling fluid, and the flow direction of the fluid in the channel is parallel to the back plate surface of the anode target 5. The channel structure is similar to the gap between two flat plates, and the channel has a regular radial cross section and a channel with a uniform gap size along the flow direction, and the gap is 2mm.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] Further improvements are made on the basis of Example 1 or Example 2. The relationship between the axial direction of the cooling groove 9 and the flow direction of the fluid in the channel includes vertical, parallel or intersecting. The depth direction of the cooling groove 9 in this embodiment is perpendicular to the flow direction of the fluid in the channel; the structure of the cooling groove 9 in the width direction is adapted to the anode target. The cooling groove 9 includes an annular, spiral or straight strip shape in the width extension direction. The cooling groove 9 in this embodiment is a multi-channel linear groove structure. The groove width of the cooling groove 9 is ≤10mm, and the groove depth is ≤12mm; the interval between adjacent cooling grooves 9 is ≤12mm, the groove width of the cooling groove 9 is less than the groove depth, and the cooling fluid flow in the channel is much greater than the flow in a single cooling groove 9, such as a groove width of 4mm, a groove depth of 6mm, and a spacing of 6mm between adjacent cooling grooves 9.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] This embodiment provides a super-evaporation cooling anode, including a water jacket cover 4, which covers the plate surface of the anode target 5 facing away from the bombardment surface, and the gap between the water jacket cover 4 and the anode target 5 serves as a channel for cooling fluid; it also includes a water jacket 2, an anode seat 1, an anode cover 3 and a water baffle 7; the water jacket 2 is arranged along the circumference of the anode cover 3, the water jacket cover 4 is arranged at the top of the water jacket 2, and the anode seat 1 is arranged at the bottom, and the anode cover 3 is sealed in the sealed space of the water jacket 2, the anode seat 1 and the water jacket cover 4; the gap between the inner wall of the water jacket 2 and the outer wall of the anode cover 3 and the gap between the water jacket cover 4 and the anode target 5 are interconnected and serve as channels for cooling fluid; the water jacket 2 is provided with a water inlet 6 and a water outlet 8, and two water baffles 7 are also arranged between the water jacket 2 and the anode cover 3 along the axial direction, and the water inlet 6 and the water outlet 8 are distributed on both sides of the line connecting the water baffles 7. Its channel design adopts the scheme provided in Example 2, and its cooling groove design adopts the scheme provided in Example 3.

[0042] Example 5

[0043] This embodiment is an X-ray tube, such as Figure 1 As shown, the difference is that anode C adopts the super evaporative cooling anode structure provided in Example 4.

[0044] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A super evaporative cooling anode, comprising an anode target (5), It is characterized in that A cooling fluid channel is provided on the back or inside of the anode target (5) away from the bombardment surface. The anode target (5) is also provided with N cooling grooves (9), where N is a positive integer ≥ 1, and the open end of each cooling groove (9) is connected to the channel; It also comprises a water jacket cover (4), wherein the water jacket cover (4) covers the plate surface of the anode target (5) which faces away from the bombardment surface, and the gap between the water jacket cover (4) and the anode target (5) serves as a channel for cooling fluid; It also comprises a water jacket (2), an anode seat (1), an anode cover (3) and a water baffle (7); the water jacket (2) is arranged along the circumference of the anode cover (3); a water jacket cover (4) is arranged at the top end of the water jacket (2) and an anode seat (1) is arranged at the bottom end; the anode cover (3) is sealed in a sealed space among the water jacket (2), the anode seat (1) and the water jacket cover (4); the gap between the inner wall of the water jacket (2) and the outer wall of the anode cover (3) and the gap between the water jacket cover (4) and the anode target (5) are interconnected and both serve as channels for cooling fluid; a water inlet (6) and a water outlet (8) are arranged on the water jacket (2), and two water baffles (7) are arranged axially between the water jacket (2) and the anode cover (3); the water inlet (6) and the water outlet (8) are distributed on both sides of the line connecting the water baffles (7).

2. A super evaporative cooling anode according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The channel is a pore structure with a radial cross section having a regular or irregular shape.

3. A super evaporative cooling anode according to claim 2, It is characterized in that In a direction perpendicular to the contact surface between the fluid and the anode target (5), the maximum gap of the channel is ≤10 mm.

4. A super evaporative cooling anode according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The relationship between the axial direction of the cooling groove (9) and the flow direction of the fluid in the channel includes vertical, parallel or intersecting.

5. A super evaporative cooling anode according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The structure of the cooling groove (9) in the width direction is adapted to the anode target, and the cooling groove (9) includes a ring shape, a spiral shape or a straight strip shape in the width extension direction.

6. A super evaporative cooling anode according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The width of the cooling groove (9) is ≤10 mm, and the depth is ≤12 mm; the interval between adjacent cooling grooves (9) is ≤12 mm.

7. A super evaporative cooling anode according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The entire cross section of the anode target (5) is covered by one channel for cooling fluid or the cross section of the anode target (5) is covered by a plurality of channels for cooling fluid.

8. An X-ray tube, It is characterized in that A super evaporative cooling anode comprising any one of claims 1-7.

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