Diaphragm type fishway

Abstract

A diaphragm fishway relates to a fishway, in particular to a device for providing assistance to fish migration in a stepped fishway. The vertical section of the fishway is U-shaped, i.e., a hollow cuboid with an opening at the upper end, and the bottom slope of the fishway is 0.015-0.035. A plurality of diaphragms are sealedly fixed on the left side wall, bottom surface and right side wall of the fishway, and the central part of each diaphragm can be raised and lowered; when the center of the diaphragm is at the lowest position, each diaphragm divides the fishway into multiple water bodies, i.e., a stepped fishway; when the center of the diaphragm is at the highest position, the water body surrounded by the diaphragm and the fishway can be connected to form a water body with the water body surrounded by the center of the previous diaphragm at the lowest position, i.e., when the diaphragm is at the highest position, it can flood the central part of the previous diaphragm at the lowest position after being filled with water. Fish can live in the fishway; for relatively large fish, they can also jump upward in the manner of a stepped fishway; the water flow can be reduced, thereby saving water, and water is used for power generation, thereby saving energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a fishway, in particular to a device for providing assistance to fish migration in a stepped fishway. Background Art

[0002] Existing fishways generally adopt the energy dissipation method, which has certain flow velocity and energy dissipation obstacles. The baffles of the stepped fishway generally have vertical seams, which bring great obstacles to the migration of small fish; the water flow velocity in the vertical seams of the stepped fishway will also hinder the migration of small fish. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to provide assistance to migratory fishes, the present invention designs a diaphragm fishway (belonging to the category of stepped fishways).

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the purpose of the invention is: a diaphragm fishway, characterized in that: the vertical section of the fishway is U-shaped, that is, a hollow rectangular parallelepiped with an opening at the upper end, that is, the fishway is composed of a left wall, a bottom surface and a right wall; the slope of the bottom surface of the fishway is 0.015-0.035, that is, the angle between the bottom surface and the horizontal plane is 1-2 degrees; a plurality of diaphragms are sealedly fixed on the left wall, the bottom surface and the right wall of the fishway, and the central part of each diaphragm can be raised and lowered; when the center of the diaphragm is at the lowest position (the diaphragm is in an arc shape and the middle is low), each diaphragm divides the fishway into multiple water bodies, that is, a stepped fishway; when the center of the diaphragm is at the highest position (the two sides are in a circular ring shape, and each side has a low point), the water body surrounded by the diaphragm and the fishway can be connected to the water body surrounded by the center of the previous diaphragm at the lowest position to form a water body, that is, when the diaphragm is at the highest position and is filled with water, it can submerge the central part of the previous diaphragm at the lowest position.

[0005] When the diaphragm is at its lowest position, the water level inside the diaphragm is 1 meter; when the diaphragm is at its highest position, the water level inside the diaphragm is 1.8-2.0 meters; the height difference between adjacent diaphragms is 0.1 meter, that is, the lowest water level inside the diaphragm is 1.0 meter, and the lowest water level outside the diaphragm is 0.9 meter; when the water body outside the diaphragm is at its highest water level of 1.8-2.0 meters, the water level at the diaphragm position is 1.7-1.9 meters, that is, the two water bodies are connected, and the water body outside the diaphragm is 0.7-0.9 meters higher than the center part of the diaphragm, that is, when the diaphragm is at its highest position, it can submerge the center part of the previous diaphragm at the lowest position by 0.7-0.9 meters after being filled with water, and the water bodies of 7-9 diaphragms upstream are connected at the same time.

[0006] The diaphragm is made of a soft, inelastic material, that is, the tensile elastic coefficient of the diaphragm is infinite; the relationship between the pressure F that the diaphragm must withstand and the height h and width w of the fishway is 0.5ρgh 2w, where ρ is the density of water and g is the acceleration due to gravity. The supporting effect of the outer water body is not considered here, which is an overestimation (it is necessary to leave a margin for the parameter calculation when selecting the diaphragm material); since the pressure is ρgh, the pressure outside the diaphragm is directly simplified to 0, that is, the pressure difference inside and outside the diaphragm is simplified to ρgh. The pressure ρgh is multiplied by the area dh*w, where dh is the area obtained by equally dividing the diaphragm in the height direction into regions of dh. The force on both sides of the region dh is ρgh*w*dh; then integrate with respect to h, the height at the bottom of the diaphragm h = 0; the height at the top of the diaphragm h = h.

[0007] The wall thickness of the left side wall, bottom surface and right side wall is 0.3 meters. The diaphragm can be replaced by a gate.

[0008] The motor first lifts the center of the lowermost diaphragm to the top. The lowermost diaphragm refers to the last diaphragm downstream of the fishway; the motor stretches the center of the diaphragm with the lowest center of the diaphragm to the top. When the water overflows the diaphragm, the adjacent upstream diaphragm's center is lifted to the top by using the switch triggered by the water overflowing the diaphragm; when the water overflows after the center of the topmost diaphragm is stretched, all motors are powered off, and the diaphragm gradually descends to the lowest position under the action of the water pressure.

[0009] The motor stretches the center of the diaphragm at the bottom to the top. When the water overflows the diaphragm, the adjacent upstream diaphragm's center is lifted to the top by using the switch triggered by the water overflowing the diaphragm; the number of the lowermost diaphragm in the fishway is n, and the number of the topmost diaphragm is 1, that is, there are n diaphragms in total; when the kth (1 < k < n) diaphragm overflows water, the (k - 1)th diaphragm rises, and the motor of the (k + 1)th diaphragm is powered off and the diaphragm descends; when the first diaphragm overflows water, the nth diaphragm rises and the second diaphragm descends; when the top of the nth diaphragm overflows water after being stretched, the (n - 1)th diaphragm rises and the first diaphragm descends.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Since the water flow in the fishway has a certain speed, that is, the water flow has a certain kinetic energy, the design of the fishway takes care of most migratory fish (i.e., fish with better physical strength), which will bring greater trouble to relatively small (with less physical strength) migratory fish; in the stepped fishway of the present invention, fish can inhabit in the fishway and wait for the adjacent diaphragm to be lifted to connect the water bodies between the two diaphragms into one body, thereby reducing the resistance of fish migration; for relatively large fish, they can also move upstream in a jumping manner according to the stepped fishway; the present invention uses a diaphragm to replace the cement partition of the stepped fishway, and compared with the cement partition, the thickness can be reduced, thereby reducing the jumping width of migratory fish; the present invention can reduce the water flow rate, thereby saving water. Water is used for power generation, and water energy is also a kind of energy, so energy can be saved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the fishway; Figure 2It is the switch control schematic diagram; Figure 3 is a diagram of the relationship between the switch trigger device, the diaphragm and the fishway (where the water level is horizontal and the fishway is inclined upward upstream); Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a normally closed switch and a normally open switch;

[0012] Among them, 1. fishway; 2. switch device; 3. diaphragm; 4. electric motor; 5. switch trigger device; 6. slide groove; 7. spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] Assume that there are n diaphragms in the fishway, forming n water bodies. At the initial moment, all diaphragms descend due to gravity. The diaphragm at the farthest upstream is called the first diaphragm, and the water body above the first diaphragm is called the first water body. The water level of the water body at the farthest downstream submerges the center of the nth diaphragm at its lowest position by about 0.3 meters. When a certain number of fish are detected in the nth water body, that is, the penultimate water body, the nth diaphragm, that is, the last diaphragm, is raised to the same height as the center point of the diaphragm and the edge of the fishway and remains stationary. Water accumulates in the water body between the nth diaphragm and the n-1th diaphragm (which has not yet been raised). When the water overflows the nth diaphragm (at this time, the water body between the n-1th diaphragm and the nth diaphragm will be higher than the height of the center part of the n-1th diaphragm, making the two water bodies connected, which is conducive to fish migration), the n-1th diaphragm is raised. Similarly, water gradually accumulates. When water overflows the n-1th diaphragm, i.e. the second to last diaphragm, the n-2th diaphragm is raised and the nth diaphragm is lowered. This process is repeated until the first diaphragm is raised and begins to be flooded by water, the nth diaphragm, i.e. the last diaphragm, is raised and the second diaphragm is lowered. When water overflows the nth diaphragm, the n-1th diaphragm, i.e. the second to last diaphragm, is raised and the first diaphragm is lowered; that is, the adjacent upstream diaphragm of the first diaphragm is the nth diaphragm; the adjacent downstream diaphragm of the nth diaphragm is the first diaphragm. This forms a cycle.

[0014] The switch device 2 can be used as a power switch of the motor. The diaphragm 3 is a relatively soft and inelastic plastic. The motor 4 can pull and raise the diaphragm. The switch device 2 can be located outside the diaphragm ( Figure 1 ) uses overflow as the control signal; the switch device 2 can also be located on the inner side of the diaphragm (not shown in the figure) and use buoyancy as the control force.

[0015] The lifting and lowering of the diaphragm can be achieved by program control; or the force of water overflowing from the top of the diaphragm or the buoyancy of rising water can be used to trigger a switch for control; that is, there are many control methods, and the following control method of the present invention is only one example.

[0016] Since we use circuit implementation, "dropping" means pressing the "stop" switch (disconnecting the power), and "raising" means pressing the "start" switch (connecting the power), so even if the diaphragm is originally descending, it can be "dropped", that is, pressing the "stop" switch.

[0017] Circuit diagram Figure 2 , which is composed of relays. KM is the relay coil, and KM1 is the normally open contact of the relay. According to the working principle of the relay, KM can also be designed as a device with magnetism when powered on, and KM1 as a normally open switch that can be attracted by KM.

[0018] When SQ1 is activated, the circuit is turned on, KM is energized, and KM1 is closed, and the motor works. After the diaphragm drops, SQ1 returns to the normally open state. When SQ2 is activated, the circuit is open, the coil KM is de-energized, and KM1 is disconnected, and the motor stops working. After the diaphragm drops, SQ2 returns to the normally closed state. In other words, when SQ1 is activated, the motor works, and when SQ2 is activated, the motor is turned off. When the motor stops, only SQ2 is activated, and the motor has no response. When the motor works, only SQ1 is activated, and the motor remains in the working state. In addition, the circuit is designed so that the circuit can be turned on and off only by a moment of the switch.

[0019] The corresponding structure on the fishway is as follows Figure 3 As shown. The switch trigger device 5 slides in the chute 6, and the switch trigger device 5 is a float (an object that floats due to buoyancy). The chute 6 is located on the upstream side of the diaphragm. The buoyancy generated by the rising water level prompts the switch trigger device 5 to float up and push open the normally closed switch SQ2 to cut off the power to the diaphragm on the downstream side, and then the diaphragm descends under the thrust of the water body (then the switch trigger device 5 descends, triggering the normally closed switch SQ2 that triggers the adjacent downstream diaphragm to descend and the normally open switch SQ1 that triggers the adjacent upstream diaphragm to rise. They are restored under the action of their respective springs. The normally closed switch SQ2 makes the moving contact contact the fixed contact under the action of the spring, and the normally open switch SQ1 makes the moving contact leave the fixed contact under the action of the spring). At the same time, the buoyancy generated by the rising water level prompts the switch trigger device 5 to float up and close the normally open switch SQ1 to cause the adjacent diaphragm on the upstream side of the diaphragm to rise. The switch trigger device 5 in the switch device 2 at the upstream of each diaphragm has two contacts, with the SQ1 switch of the upstream adjacent diaphragm above the upstream contact and the SQ2 switch of the downstream adjacent diaphragm above the downstream contact. As shown Figure 3The dotted line shown indicates the water level. Before the water begins to overflow the diaphragm 3, the switch trigger device 5 rises to a certain height due to buoyancy, causing the upstream contact of the switch trigger device 5 to contact the SQ1 of the motor of the upstream adjacent diaphragm, raising the upstream adjacent diaphragm. At the same time, the downstream contact of the switch trigger device 5 contacts the SQ2 of the motor of the downstream adjacent diaphragm, closing the downstream adjacent diaphragm. The switch trigger device 5 in the switch device 2 upstream of each diaphragm has two contacts. The SQ1 switch of the upstream adjacent diaphragm is located above the upstream contact, and the SQ2 switch of the downstream adjacent diaphragm is located below the downstream contact. When the water overflows the diaphragm, the upstream adjacent diaphragm can be raised and the downstream adjacent diaphragm can be lowered at the same time. And so on. The speed at which the diaphragm rises is controlled by the size of the upstream water.

[0020] The normally closed switch SQ2 of the current diaphragm is located inside the diaphragm on the upstream side, and the normally open switch SQ1 and normally open contact KM1 of the current diaphragm are located inside the diaphragm on the downstream side. Although the current diaphragm rises and opens the normally closed switch SQ2 of the downstream diaphragm, causing the diaphragm on the downstream side to fall, and also causing the normally open switch SQ1 of the current diaphragm to return to the open state, the normally open contact KM1 of the current diaphragm is still in the closed state (the normally open contact KM1 of the current diaphragm is connected in series with the normally closed switch SQ2 of the current diaphragm), so the current diaphragm will be maintained until the upstream diaphragm opens the normally closed switch SQ2 of the current diaphragm.

[0021] The normally closed switch SQ2 is pressed by the spring 7 to achieve connection; the normally open switch SQ1 is pushed open by the spring 7 to achieve disconnection.

Claims

1. A diaphragm fishway, characterized by: The vertical section of the fishway is U-shaped, that is, a hollow cuboid with an opening at the top, that is, the fishway is composed of a left wall, a bottom surface and a right wall; the slope of the bottom surface of the fishway is 0.015-0.035, that is, the angle between the bottom surface and the horizontal plane is 1-2 degrees; a plurality of diaphragms are sealedly fixed on the left wall, the bottom surface and the right wall of the fishway, and the central part of each diaphragm can be raised and lowered; when the center of the diaphragm is at the lowest position, each diaphragm divides the fishway into multiple water bodies, that is, a stepped fishway; when the center of the diaphragm is at the highest position, the water body surrounded by the diaphragm and the fishway can be connected to form a water body with the water body surrounded by the center of the previous diaphragm at the lowest position, that is, when the diaphragm is at the highest position, it can flood the central part of the previous diaphragm at the lowest position after being filled with water; when the diaphragm is at the lowest position, the inner water level of the diaphragm position is 1 meter; when the diaphragm is at the highest position, the inner water level of the diaphragm position is 1.8- 2.0 meters; the inside of the diaphragm refers to the side close to the upstream of the fishway, the outside of the diaphragm refers to the side close to the downstream of the fishway, and the previous diaphragm refers to the upstream diaphragm; the height difference between adjacent diaphragms is 0.1 meters, that is, the lowest water level on the inside of the diaphragm is 1.0 meters, and the lowest water level on the outside of the diaphragm is 0.9 meters; when the water body on the outside of the diaphragm is at the highest water level of 1.8-2.0 meters, the water level at the diaphragm position is 1.7-1.9 meters, that is, the two water bodies are connected, and the water body on the outside of the diaphragm is 0.7-0.9 meters higher than the center part of the diaphragm, that is, when the diaphragm is at the highest position, it can submerge the center part of the previous diaphragm at the lowest position by 0.7-0.9 meters after being filled with water; the diaphragm is made of soft inelastic material, that is, the tensile elastic coefficient of the diaphragm is infinite; the relationship between the pressure F that the diaphragm must withstand and the height h and width w of the fishway is 0.5ρgh 2 w, where ρ is the density of water and g is the acceleration due to gravity; the thickness of the left wall, bottom wall and right wall is 0.3 meters.

2. The method for using the membrane fishway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor first raises the center of the bottommost diaphragm to the top. The bottommost diaphragm refers to the last diaphragm in the downstream of the fishway. The motor stretches the center of the diaphragm with the center at the lowest position to the top. When the water overflows the diaphragm, the switch is triggered by the water overflowing the diaphragm, causing the center of the adjacent upstream diaphragm to be lifted to the top by the motor. When the water overflows after the center of the topmost diaphragm is stretched, all the motors are powered off, and the diaphragms gradually descend to the lowest position under the pressure of the water.

3. The method for using the membrane fishway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor stretches the center of the diaphragm at the bottom to the top. When the water overflows the diaphragm, the switch is triggered by the water overflowing the diaphragm, causing the center of the adjacent previous diaphragm to be lifted to the top by the motor. The number of the bottommost diaphragm in the fishway is n, and the number of the topmost diaphragm is 1, that is, there are n diaphragms in total. When the k-th (1 < k < n) diaphragm overflows, the (k - 1)-th diaphragm rises, and the motor of the (k + 1)-th diaphragm is powered off, and the diaphragm descends. When the first diaphragm overflows, the n-th diaphragm rises, and the second diaphragm descends. When the top of the n-th diaphragm overflows after being stretched, the (n - 1)-th diaphragm rises, and the first diaphragm descends.

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