A rockfill material testing device and method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a rockfill material testing device, characterized in that it comprises a container, a permeable bottom plate, a permeable top plate, a circular cylinder, a pressurizing mechanism, a measuring mechanism and a control system; the outer diameters of the permeable bottom plate and the permeable top plate match the inner diameter of the circular cylinder, the permeable bottom plate is placed at the bottom of the container, and the permeable bottom plate, the circular cylinder and the permeable top plate form a space for accommodating the rockfill material; the pressurizing mechanism is used to apply a downward test force to the permeable top plate; the measuring mechanism is used to measure the displacement and test force of the permeable top plate; the control system communicates with the measuring mechanism and the pressurizing mechanism respectively, and is used to receive and process data obtained by the measuring mechanism, and control the pressurizing mechanism. The present invention also relates to a rockfill material testing method. The test device provided by the present invention can be used to study the wetting characteristics of the rockfill material under axial stress state and the softening characteristics under long-term immersion state, and finally obtain the wetting constitutive model parameters and uniaxial rheological model parameters of the rockfill material under uniaxial stress state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rockfill material characteristic testing for hydropower and water conservancy projects, and in particular to a rockfill material testing device and a method thereof. Background Art

[0002] For high concrete face rockfill dam, deformation control is the core of dam design and construction. The deformation of concrete face rockfill dam mainly includes water wetting deformation and rheological deformation of rockfill body.

[0003] Wetting deformation of rockfill refers to the deformation of rockfill when it encounters water under a certain stress state. The reason is that some particles soften and break when encountering water, and water lubricates the contact of particles, which triggers the imbalance of particle force, causing the particles to rearrange, adjust and gradually restore the balance, resulting in stress redistribution and deformation in the rockfill body. Rheology is a basic deformation characteristic of rockfill. Rockfill is a collection of rock particles with a certain gradation, and its stress and deformation are functions of time. Under the action of skeleton stress, the rearrangement of particles and the dislocation of the skeleton have a time effect, and the internal stress of rockfill particles must be adjusted. According to measured data, the dam body will produce wetting deformation during the initial water storage, the fluctuation of reservoir water level during operation, the infiltration of rainwater into the dam body or evaporation. The wetting deformation caused by the upstream rockfill during the initial water storage of the rockfill dam often affects the safe operation of the dam. In mild cases, wetting cracks will occur on the dam top, and in severe cases, deep cracks will occur in important parts such as the dam shoulder, and even leakage channels will be formed, threatening the safety of the dam body.

[0004] Due to the importance of the wetting and softening characteristics of rockfill materials, the complexity of the deformation mechanism, and the difficulty of wetting and softening tests, in the design of high rockfill dams, neither the test, theory, nor numerical simulation of the wetting and softening deformation of rockfill materials has been well solved. In addition, no one has conducted research on the rheological characteristics under long-term immersion in water. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a rockfill material test device and method, which can perform long-term stable pressure testing on rockfill materials and collect strain information during the testing process, providing reliable data support for the characteristic research of rockfill materials. The specific technical solution is as follows.

[0006] A rockfill material testing device, characterized in that it comprises a container, a water-permeable bottom plate, a water-permeable top plate, a circular cylinder, a pressurizing mechanism, a measuring mechanism and a control system;

[0007] The outer diameters of the permeable bottom plate and the permeable top plate match the inner diameter of the circular cylinder. The permeable bottom plate is placed at the bottom of the container. The permeable bottom plate and the permeable top plate are respectively located at the lower end and the upper end of the circular cylinder. The permeable bottom plate, the circular cylinder and the permeable top plate form a space for accommodating rockfill materials. The pressurizing mechanism is used to apply a downward test force to the permeable top plate. The measuring mechanism is used to measure the displacement of the permeable top plate and the test force. The control system communicates with the measuring mechanism and the pressurizing mechanism respectively, and is used to receive and process data obtained by the measuring mechanism and control the pressurizing mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, at least three positioning bolts are provided at the bottom of the side wall of the container along the circumferential direction, and the positioning bolts pass through the side wall of the container along the radial direction of the circular cylinder, and the positioning bolts are threadedly connected to the side wall of the container; the positioning bolts can be switched between a positioning position and a non-positioning position, and when the positioning bolts are located at the positioning position, the bottom of the circular cylinder is supported on the top of the positioning bolts, and the bottom of the circular cylinder is not higher than the upper surface of the permeable bottom plate, and when the positioning bolts are in the non-positioning position, the positioning bolts are located on the outside of the circular cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, the pressurizing mechanism comprises a motor, a screw mechanism and a pressure plate, wherein the motor is used to drive the screw of the screw mechanism to move up and down, and the pressure plate is located above the water-permeable top plate. Preferably, a thrust bearing is also provided at the lower end of the screw.

[0010] Furthermore, the measuring mechanism includes a data acquisition module, a dynamometer and a micrometer for measuring the displacement of the permeable top plate; the dynamometer is arranged at the top center of the pressure plate, and the dynamometer and the micrometer communicate with the data acquisition module respectively.

[0011] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also relates to a rockfill material testing method, which adopts the above-mentioned rockfill material testing device and mainly includes the following steps:

[0012] The test device installation steps include:

[0013] Step S1: Adjust and screw the positioning bolts to the positioning position, place the circular cylinder on the positioning bolts, place the permeable cloth on the permeable bottom plate, and prepare the rockfill material sample in the space formed by the circular cylinder and the permeable bottom plate;

[0014] Step S2: level the upper surface of the sample, place the water-permeable cloth, the water-permeable top plate and the pressure plate in sequence, screw the positioning bolts back to the non-positioning position, release the support of the positioning bolts on the circular cylinder, and install the dynamometer and the micrometer;

[0015] The test steps of rockfill material samples include:

[0016] Step SS1: Take two rockfill material samples for comparative test, one of which is in a dry state and the other is in a saturated state. Start the pressurizing mechanism through the control system to apply a pre-compressive stress of 3-5 kPa to the rockfill material samples. When the rockfill material samples reach stability under the pre-compressive stress, water is injected into the container of the saturated rockfill material sample to saturate the rockfill material sample. Then, compression tests are performed on the rockfill material samples respectively, and the predetermined compressive stress is applied step by step. At the same time, the measuring mechanism obtains the data of the dynamometer and the micrometer in real time. After the rockfill material samples reach a stable state of rheological deformation under each level of compressive stress, the next level of compressive stress is applied. The compressive stress of each level is calculated according to the formula k×2 N-1 MPa, where N is a positive natural number and N is not less than 4, the compressive stress of the first level is k MPa, the compressive stress of the second level is 2k MPa, and the compressive stress of the Nth level is k×2 N-1 MPa.

[0017] Step SS2: Take a number of rockfill material samples for comparative test and divide them into two groups: one group is in dry state and the other group is in saturated state. Different samples are taken from the two groups of rockfill material samples and different predetermined compressive stresses k×2 are applied to them. N-1 MPa, N is a positive natural number and N is not less than 4, and the measuring mechanism obtains the data of the dynamometer and the micrometer in real time until the rockfill material sample reaches a stable state of rheological deformation;

[0018] Step SS3: Extract the data obtained in step SS1 and step SS2, and draw the relationship curve between the sample height h and time t and the axial strain ε h The relationship curve with time t, and obtain the corresponding data list.

[0019] Preferably, k takes a value of 0.1-0.2.

[0020] Furthermore, in step SS1 and step SS2, the rheological deformation stable state is that the deformation amount / total rheological amount within 24 hours is ≤ 5%;

[0021] Further, according to the result of step SS2, the wetting deformation of each level of predetermined compressive stress ΔH is calculated. i , dry sample compression deformation Δhi, saturated sample compression deformation Δhi′, and then according to the formula Calculate the wetting coefficient under each level of predetermined compressive stress according to the formula Calculate the porosity ratio under each level of predetermined compressive stress according to the formula Calculate the compression coefficient under each level of predetermined compressive stress according to the formula The compression modulus under each level of predetermined compressive stress is calculated, and then the δ-p, ep relationship curve is plotted, where δ represents the wetting coefficient, e represents the porosity, and p represents the pressure.

[0022] Furthermore, according to the results of step SS3, a constitutive model of rockfill material softening due to water immersion is fitted by numerical software.

[0023] The test device provided by the present invention can be used to study the wetting characteristics of rockfill materials under axial stress and the softening characteristics under long-term water immersion, and finally obtain the wetting constitutive model and uniaxial compression rheological model of rockfill materials under uniaxial stress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a rockfill material testing device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom of the container of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the long-term water immersion wetting and softening test of rockfill materials of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: control system 1, data acquisition module 2, motor 3, sprocket 4, screw mechanism 5, screw 6, bracket 7-1, base 7-2, dynamometer 8, micrometer 9, rockfill sample 10, permeable bottom plate 11-1, permeable top plate 11-2, circular cylinder 12, pressure plate 13, container 14, positioning bolt 15, water injection hole 16. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0029] See also Figure 1-3 , a rockfill material testing device, comprising a container 14, a water-permeable bottom plate 11-1, a water-permeable top plate 11-2, a circular cylinder 12, a pressurizing mechanism, a measuring mechanism and a control system 1;

[0030] The outer diameters of the water-permeable bottom plate 11-1 and the water-permeable top plate 11-2 match the inner diameter of the circular cylinder 12, ensuring that the water-permeable bottom plate 11-1 and the water-permeable top plate 11-2 can be accommodated inside the circular cylinder 12 without a large gap. For example, the inner diameter of the circular cylinder 12 is 0.5-3 mm larger than the outer diameters of the water-permeable bottom plate 11-1 and the water-permeable top plate 11-2.

[0031] The permeable bottom plate 11-1 is placed at the bottom of the container 15, and the permeable bottom plate 11-1 and the permeable top plate 11-2 are respectively located at the lower end and the upper end of the circular cylinder 14, and the permeable bottom plate, the circular cylinder and the permeable top plate enclose a space for accommodating the rockfill 10;

[0032] The pressure mechanism is used to apply a downward test force to the water-permeable top plate 11-2; in this embodiment, the pressure mechanism includes a motor 3, a sprocket 4, a screw mechanism 5 and a pressure plate 13, and the motor 3 drives the screw 6 of the screw mechanism 5 to move up and down through the sprocket chain mechanism, and the pressure plate 13 is located above the water-permeable top plate 11-2. The container 14 is located on the base 7-2, and the bracket 7-1 is fixed on the base 7-2, and the bracket 7-1 is used to fix the screw mechanism 5. Preferably, in order to eliminate the influence of the rotation torque of the screw 6 on the pressure plate 13, a thrust bearing (not shown) is also provided at the lower end of the screw 6; the motor 3 can be a servo motor, which is controlled by the control system 1.

[0033] It should be noted that the pressurizing mechanism may also adopt other structural forms, such as a method of using a hydraulic cylinder to provide pressure, as long as it is convenient to provide a test force to the rockfill material sample.

[0034] The measuring mechanism is used to measure the displacement of the permeable top plate 11-2 and the test force applied by the pressurizing mechanism (the test force can be converted into the compressive stress of the rockfill material sample); the control system 1 communicates with the measuring mechanism and the pressurizing mechanism respectively, and is used to receive and process the data obtained by the measuring mechanism and control the pressurizing mechanism; the communication method can be through a data line connection communication or wireless communication, and the control system 1 can control multiple test equipments to perform tests at the same time; the control system 1 can use a computer with a display function, which can draw a corresponding curve with the obtained data.

[0035] The measuring mechanism includes a data acquisition module 2, a dynamometer 8 and a micrometer 9 for measuring the displacement of the permeable top plate 11-2; a dynamometer 8 is provided at the top center of the permeable top plate 11-2, and the dynamometer 8 and the micrometer 9 communicate with the data acquisition module 2 respectively to transmit the detection data. The micrometer 9 can be fixed on the container 14 by a bracket, and several micrometers can be symmetrically distributed around the permeable top plate 11-2 according to actual conditions. If the readings of several micrometers are inconsistent and the difference exceeds the set error range, it is determined that the preparation of the rockfill material sample is unqualified and it is necessary to prepare the sample again to carry out the experiment.

[0036] Preferably, at least three positioning bolts 15 are further provided at the bottom of the side wall of the container 14 along the circumferential direction, and the positioning bolts 15 pass through the side wall of the container 14 along the radial direction of the circular cylinder, and the positioning bolts 15 are threadedly connected to the side wall of the container 14; the positioning bolts 15 can be switched between the positioning position and the non-positioning position by screwing, and when the positioning bolts 15 are screwed to the positioning position, the bottom of the circular cylinder 12 is supported on the top of the positioning bolts 15, and the bottom of the circular cylinder 12 is not higher than the upper surface of the permeable bottom plate 11-1, and when the positioning bolts 15 are screwed to the positioning position, the bottom of the circular cylinder 12 is supported on the top of the positioning bolts 15, and the bottom of the circular cylinder 12 is not higher than the upper surface of the permeable bottom plate 11-1. When screwed back to the non-positioning position, the positioning bolts 15 are located outside the circular cylinder. When the test is in progress, the positioning bolts 15 are in the non-positioning position, and as the rockfill material sample is compressed, the circular cylinder 12 can freely move downward along with the rockfill material test, thereby reducing the influence of the friction between the circular cylinder and the rockfill material sample on the test accuracy. If the positioning bolts 15 are not used, the circular cylinder 12 is always in contact with the container 14 or the permeable bottom plate 11-1, then during the compression test, the circular cylinder 12 will generate a large upward friction force on the rockfill material test, making the data obtained from the test far from the actual situation.

[0037] When water is filled into the container 14, in order to prevent water leakage from the positioning bolts, the screw holes on the side wall of the container 14 that match the positioning bolts 15 can be made of elastic material to facilitate the formation of a sealing effect on the threaded connection.

[0038] In order to inject water into the container 14, a water injection port 16 may be provided on the side wall of the container. Of course, water may be injected directly from the open opening of the container without providing a water injection port.

[0039] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also relates to a rockfill material testing method, which adopts the above-mentioned rockfill material testing device and mainly includes the following steps:

[0040] The test device installation steps include:

[0041] Step S1: Screw the positioning bolts 15 to the positioning position, place the circular cylinder 12 on the positioning bolts 15, place the permeable cloth (not shown) on the permeable bottom plate 11-1, and prepare the rockfill material sample 10 in the space formed by the circular cylinder 12 and the permeable bottom plate 11-1; calculate and determine the mass of each particle group according to the dry density, sample size and grading curve required by the test, weigh the corresponding samples required for the test, divide the prepared samples into several equal parts and mix them evenly, and use the surface vibration method to prepare the samples evenly;

[0042] Step S2: level the upper surface of the sample, place the water-permeable cloth (water-permeable cloth), the water-permeable top plate 11-2 and the pressure plate 13 in sequence, screw the positioning bolts 15 back to the non-positioning position, release the support of the positioning bolts 15 on the circular cylinder 12, and install the dynamometer 8 and the micrometer 9;

[0043] The test steps of rockfill material samples include:

[0044] Step SS1: Take two rockfill material samples for comparative test, one of which is in a dry state and the other is in a saturated state. Start the pressurizing mechanism through the control system 1 to apply a pre-compressive stress of 3-5 kPa to the rockfill material samples. When the rockfill material samples reach stability under the pre-compressive stress (e.g., the reading difference of the dial gauge per hour is not greater than 0.05 mm), water is injected into the container of the saturated rockfill material sample to saturate the rockfill material test, and no water is added to the dry rockfill material sample; then, compression tests are performed on the two rockfill material samples respectively, and the predetermined compressive stress is applied step by step. At the same time, the measuring mechanism obtains the data of the dynamometer 8 and the dial gauge 9 in real time. After the rockfill material samples reach a stable state of rheological deformation under each level of compressive stress, the next level of compressive stress is applied. The compressive stress of each level is calculated according to the formula k×2 N-1 MPa is used for calculation, where N is a natural number and is not less than 4. For example, the compressive stress of the first stage is 0.1 MPa, the compressive stress of the second stage is 0.2 MPa, and so on. The compressive stresses of 0.4 MPa, 0.8 MPa, 1.6 MPa, 3.2 MPa, and 6.4 MPa are applied step by step.

[0045] Step SS2: 12 rockfill material samples were taken for comparative test and divided into two groups: one group was in dry state and the other group was in saturated state. Different samples were taken from the two groups of rockfill material samples and different predetermined compressive stresses (0.2MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.8MPa, 1.6MPa, 3.2MPa and 6.4MPa) were applied.

[0046] For dry samples, when the sample reaches stability under the pre-compression stress, the preset predetermined compressive stress can be applied. For saturated samples, water is injected into the water storage tank to saturate the sample after the pre-compression stress and deformation are stable. The measuring mechanism of the sample obtains the data of the dynamometer 8 and the micrometer 9 in real time under the preset compressive stress until the rockfill material sample reaches a stable state of rheological deformation.

[0047] Step SS3: Extract the data obtained in step SS1 and step SS2, and draw the relationship curve between the sample height h and time t and the axial strain ε h The relationship curve with time t, and obtain the corresponding data list.

[0048] Preferably, in step SS1 and step SS2, the rheological deformation stable state is that the deformation amount / total rheological amount within 24 hours is ≤5%;

[0049] Preferably, according to the result of step SS2, the wetting deformation amount ΔHi of each level of predetermined compressive stress, the compression deformation amount Δhi of the dry sample, and the compression deformation amount Δhi′ of the saturated sample are calculated, wherein ΔHi means that after the sample (dry) is stabilized at a predetermined pressure (0, 0.2MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.8MPa, 1.6MPa, 3.2MPa and 6.4MPa), the sample is saturated with water, and the sample will sink (keeping the pressure unchanged), and the amount of this sinking is the wetting deformation amount; Δhi means the amount of settlement of the dry sample after the deformation is stabilized under the front and rear pressures (such as 0.2 to 0.4MPa); ΔHi′ means the amount of settlement of the saturated sample after the deformation is stabilized under the front and rear pressures (such as 0.2 to 0.4MPa); and then according to the formula Calculate the wetting coefficient under each level of predetermined compressive stress according to the formula Calculate the porosity ratio under each level of predetermined compressive stress according to the formula Calculate the compression coefficient under each level of predetermined compressive stress according to the formula The compression modulus under each level of predetermined compressive stress is calculated, and then the δ-p, ep relationship curve is plotted, where δ represents unit settlement, e represents unit settlement porosity, and p represents pressure.

[0050] Preferably, according to the result of step SS3, a model of rockfill material wetting and softening is fitted by numerical software.

[0051] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the enlightenment of the present invention, those skilled in the art can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rockfill material testing device, characterized in that: It includes a container, a water-permeable bottom plate, a water-permeable top plate, a circular cylinder, a pressurizing mechanism, a measuring mechanism and a control system; The outer diameters of the water-permeable bottom plate and the water-permeable top plate match the inner diameter of the circular cylinder. The water-permeable bottom plate is placed at the bottom of the container. The water-permeable bottom plate and the water-permeable top plate are located at the lower end and the upper end of the circular cylinder respectively. The water-permeable bottom plate, the circular cylinder and the water-permeable top plate enclose a space for accommodating rockfill materials. The pressurizing mechanism is used to apply a downward test force to the water-permeable top plate. The measuring mechanism is used to measure the displacement of the permeable top plate and the test force; The control system communicates with the measuring mechanism and the pressurizing mechanism respectively, and is used to receive and process the data acquired by the measuring mechanism and control the pressurizing mechanism; At least three positioning bolts are also arranged along the circumferential direction at the bottom of the side wall of the container, and the positioning bolts pass through the side wall of the container along the radial direction of the circular cylinder, and the positioning bolts are threadedly connected to the side wall of the container; the positioning bolts can be switched between the positioning position and the non-positioning position by screwing, and when the positioning bolts are screwed to the positioning position, the bottom of the circular cylinder is supported on the top of the positioning bolts, and the bottom of the circular cylinder is not higher than the upper surface of the permeable bottom plate, and when the positioning bolts are screwed back to the non-positioning position, the positioning bolts are located on the outside of the circular cylinder.

2. The rockfill material testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressurizing mechanism comprises a motor, a screw mechanism and a pressure plate, wherein the motor is used to drive the screw of the screw mechanism to move up and down, and the pressure plate is located above the water-permeable top plate.

3. The rockfill material testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A thrust bearing is also provided at the lower end of the lead screw.

4. The rockfill material testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The measuring mechanism includes a data acquisition module, a dynamometer and a micrometer for measuring the displacement of the permeable top plate; the dynamometer is arranged at the top center of the pressure plate, and the dynamometer and the micrometer communicate with the data acquisition module respectively.

5. A rockfill material testing method, which uses the rockfill material testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and mainly comprises the following steps: The test device installation steps include: Step S1: screw the positioning bolts to the positioning position, place the circular cylinder on the positioning bolts, place the permeable cloth on the permeable bottom plate, and prepare the rockfill material sample in the space formed by the circular cylinder and the permeable bottom plate; Step S2: level the upper surface of the sample, place the water-permeable cloth, the water-permeable top plate and the pressure plate in sequence, screw the positioning bolts back to the non-positioning position, release the support of the positioning bolts on the circular cylinder, and install the dynamometer and the micrometer; The test steps of rockfill material samples include: Step SS1: Take two rockfill material samples for comparative test, one of which is in a dry state and the other is in a saturated state. Start the pressurizing mechanism through the control system to apply a pre-compressive stress of 3-5 kPa to the rockfill material samples. When the rockfill material samples reach stability under the pre-compressive stress, water is injected into the container of the saturated rockfill material samples to saturate the rockfill material samples. Then, compression tests are performed on the rockfill material samples respectively, and the predetermined compressive stress is applied step by step. At the same time, the measuring mechanism obtains the data of the dynamometer and the micrometer in real time. After the rockfill material samples reach a stable state of rheological deformation under each level of compressive stress, the next level of compressive stress is applied. The compressive stress of each level is calculated according to the formula k×2 N-1 MPa, where N is a positive natural number and N is not less than 4, the compressive stress of the first level is k MPa, the compressive stress of the second level is 2k MPa, and the compressive stress of the Nth level is k×2 N- 1 MPa; Step SS2: Take a number of rockfill material samples for comparative test and divide them into two groups: one group is in dry state and the other group is in saturated state. Different samples are taken from the two groups of rockfill material samples and different predetermined compressive stresses k×2 are applied. N-1 MPa, N is a positive natural number and N is not less than 4, and the measuring mechanism obtains the data of the dynamometer and the micrometer in real time until the rockfill material sample reaches a stable state of rheological deformation; Step SS3: Extract the data obtained in step SS1 and step SS2, and draw the relationship curve between the sample height h and time t and the axial strain ε h The relationship curve with time t, and obtain the corresponding data list.

6. The rockfill material testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The above k takes a value of 0.1-0.

2.

7. The rockfill material testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step SS1 and step SS2, the rheological deformation stable state is that the deformation amount / total rheological amount within 24 hours is ≤5%.

8. The rockfill material testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: According to the results of step SS2, calculate the predetermined compressive stress wetting deformation ΔHi, dry sample compression deformation Δhi, saturated sample compression deformation Δhi′ at each level, and then use the formula Calculate the wetting coefficient under each level of predetermined compressive stress according to the formula Calculate the porosity ratio under each level of predetermined compressive stress according to the formula Calculate the compression coefficient under each level of predetermined compressive stress according to the formula The compression modulus under each level of predetermined compressive stress is calculated, and then the δ-p, ep relationship curve is drawn, where δ represents the wetting coefficient, e represents the porosity, and p represents the pressure.

9. The rockfill material testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: According to the results of step SS3, the constitutive model of rockfill material softening due to water immersion is fitted by numerical software.

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