Customized acetabular guide and its use

Abstract

The invention discloses a customized acetabular guide plate, which belongs to the field of medical devices. The technical solution thereof includes a connecting rod, a guide structure fixedly connected to the connecting rod, a positioning plate fixedly connected to the connecting rod, and a fixed structure column fixedly arranged on the positioning plate, wherein the fixed structure column is used to stably connect the positioning plate to the patient's bone, and the guide structure and the positioning plate are arranged along the length direction of the connecting rod and staggered in the length direction of the connecting rod. The invention achieves the effect of being able to control the angle and depth of the acetabular setback.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of medical instruments, and more particularly to a customized acetabular guide. Background Art

[0002] The hip joint is a multi-axial ball-and-socket joint, consisting of the femoral head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone. It is an important joint connecting the trunk and lower limbs, and is also the joint that bears the most weight and the heaviest force in the whole body. Since the hip is the center of a series of body movements, it is prone to various diseases. For example: femoral neck fracture, femoral head necrosis, osteoarthritis of the hip, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. In order to solve the lesions of the hip joint, hip replacement is usually used clinically. The femoral head is removed and replaced with an artificial femoral head. The acetabulum side is ground to remove the hyperplastic osteophytes, and an artificial acetabular cup is installed. A new hip joint is formed by the artificial femoral head and the acetabular cup. Hip replacement surgery can solve most hip joint diseases and achieve good clinical efficacy.

[0003] In current hip replacement surgery, the angle of the acetabular cup is adjusted by the doctor using two fixed pointers on the cup holder in the standard hip surgical instrument to locate the angle with reference to the ground plane, while the depth of the acetabular cup needs to be determined by the doctor using the acetabular file multiple times and multiple tests to determine the final grinding depth. The defects of this method are:

[0004] 1. Refer to the ground plane to guide the angle and depth of acetabular setback, which is greatly affected by human factors. The director needs to rely on experience and naked eyes to judge whether the angle is in place;

[0005] 2. Since the angle of the cup holder itself is based on the ground plane, the abduction angle and anteversion angle obtained will be different after the angle of the patient on the bed changes, resulting in a large error;

[0006] 3. There is no reference to guide the depth of acetabular reduction. During the operation, the acetabular reduction needs to be used to reduce the bone several times, and then a trial mold is used to test whether it is in place, which increases the operation time and difficulty.

[0007] 4. There is no reference to guide the depth of acetabular reduction, and it cannot be measured in advance, so the reduction may be too deep and too much bone may be removed.

[0008] Therefore, it is imperative to develop instruments to guide the installation angle of hip prostheses. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a customized acetabular guide, which solves the problem that doctors need to rely on experience and naked eyes to judge the angle and depth during surgery by guiding the customization of the angle and depth of individualized hip prosthesis surgery.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a customized acetabulum guide plate, comprising a connecting rod, a guide structure fixedly connected to the connecting rod, a positioning plate fixedly connected to the connecting rod, and a fixed structure column fixedly mounted on the positioning plate, the fixed structure column being used to stably connect the positioning plate to the patient's bone, the guide structure and the positioning plate being arranged along the length direction of the connecting rod and being staggered in the length direction of the connecting rod.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, after the acetabular guide is placed, due to the existence of the guide structure, the acetabular recorder can only be moved in the direction allowed by the guide structure, and will not record the surrounding bone. When using the guide plate, it is impossible to record deeper bone; at the same time, because the positioning plate is fitted and positioned according to the patient's own bone position, and the positioning plate is connected to the patient's bone by a fixed structure column, the placement angle of the guide structure is more precise, that is, the movement angle of the acetabular recorder is more precise.

[0012] Preferably: the guide structure comprises a guide spiral plate bent in a straight thread shape.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the guide spiral plate bent in a straight thread shape can limit and guide the acetabular joint connection, and at the same time has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, low cost and large visual space.

[0014] Preferably: the bending angle range of the spiral guide plate is 270°-360°.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the spiral guide plate can exert stable guiding and limiting effects on the acetabular fracture within the range of 270°-360°. Once this range is exceeded, the limiting effect on the acetabular fracture will be unstable or materials will be wasted, or even the visible space inside the spiral guide plate may be reduced.

[0016] Preferably, the length of the spiral guide plate ranges from 2.5 times to 6 times h, where h is the diameter of the acetabular file to be used during the operation.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the length range of the spiral guide plate is controlled within 2.5 times to 6 times the diameter of the acetabular record to be used during the operation, so that the spiral guide plate formed into a spiral shape can cover a larger area of ​​the acetabular record, so that the spiral guide plate can exert a stable limiting and guiding effect on it. Once this range is exceeded, the spiral guide plate will cover too small an area and cannot exert a stable limiting effect, or the spiral guide plate will be too long, affecting the possibility of slippage of the acetabular record.

[0018] Preferably: the connecting rod includes a straight rod connected to a positioning plate, an oblique rod fixed to the other end of the straight rod, and a cross rod with one end connected to the end of the straight rod facing away from the oblique rod, and the guide structure is fixed to the other end of the cross rod.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the setting of straight rods, oblique rods and cross rods can stagger the guide structure and the positioning plate, so that the acetabulum that moves under the guidance and limitation of the guide structure can move more smoothly, reducing the possibility of the connecting rod or the positioning plate hindering the movement of the acetabulum or blocking the user's line of sight.

[0020] Preferably: the positioning plate is arranged at an angle with the connecting rod, a recessed area matching the shape of human bones is provided on the positioning plate, and the thickness of the positioning plate ranges from 3mm to 8mm.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the positioning plate can be more stably fitted with the bone exposed during the operation, and the positioning plate can be more stably connected to the bone exposed during the operation while reducing the movement of the acetabulum, so that the guiding structure can provide a more precise guiding effect.

[0022] Preferably: the fixed structure column is arranged at an angle with the positioning plate, and a mounting hole for inserting the Kirschner wire is opened on the fixed structure column.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the positioning plate can be stably connected to the bone exposed during the operation by passing the Kirschner wire through the mounting hole and connecting it to the bone exposed during the operation, so that the guiding structure can provide stable and accurate guidance.

[0024] A method for using a customized acetabular guide plate, characterized in that it includes the customized acetabular guide plate described above, and further includes the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Before hip replacement surgery, simulate the final installation position of the prosthesis based on the patient's CT reverse 3D bone model;

[0026] Step 2: The final installation position of the prosthesis determines the angle and depth of the final acetabular cup, and customizes the acetabular guide plate of the appropriate size;

[0027] Step 3: First install the acetabular file connecting rod and the spiral structure part together so that the two can slide relative to each other; after exposing the positioning plate during the operation, fit the acetabular guide plate on the patient's bone and fix it with a Kirschner wire; then install the acetabular file of appropriate specifications and start grinding.

[0028] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0029] 1. The reference surface of the acetabular guide is the patient's own bone, and the positioning is accurate. The obtained angle is the specified angle simulated in the three-dimensional data;

[0030] 2. After the acetabular guide is placed, the acetabular file can only be used to file to the designed depth. The guide cannot be used to file deeper into the bone.

[0031] 3. The acetabular guide plate has accurate angle positioning, and the appropriate angle is obtained according to the three-dimensional simulation data. It has a high degree of integration with the acetabular rod and provides accurate guidance;

[0032] 4. The design that cooperates with the acetabular rod is a universal structure, and the same structure can be used for subsequent customized individualized acetabular guides. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is an axonometric view of the first embodiment;

[0034] Figure 2 is an axonometric view of Embodiment 2;

[0035] Figure 3 It is an axonometric view of embodiment 3.

[0036] Figure numerals: 1, connecting rod; 11, straight rod; 12, oblique rod; 13, cross rod; 2, guide structure; 21, spiral guide plate; 22, guide tube; 3, positioning plate; 31, recessed area; 32, fixed structure column; 33, mounting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Embodiment 1: A customized acetabular guide, see Figure 1 , including a connecting rod 1 with a bent end, the connecting rod 1 includes a straight rod 11, an oblique rod 12 fixed at one end of the straight rod 11, and a cross rod 13 fixed at one end of the oblique rod 12, the end face of the cross rod 13 is perpendicular to the end face of the straight rod 11, and the two ends of the oblique rod 12 are fixedly connected to one end of the straight rod 11 and one end of the cross rod 13 respectively. The end of the cross rod 13 facing away from the oblique rod 12 is fixedly connected with a guide structure 2, and the guide structure 2 in this embodiment includes a guide spiral plate bent in a straight thread shape, and the spiral structure formed by the bending of the guide spiral plate is arranged along the length direction of the straight rod 11. In this embodiment, the bending angle of the spiral guide plate 21 is 360°, the thickness of the spiral guide plate 21 in this embodiment is 3mm, and the length of the spiral guide plate 21 in this embodiment is 6 times the diameter of the acetabular contusion to be used during the operation. The end of the straight rod 11 facing away from the oblique rod 12 is fixedly connected with a positioning plate 3 arranged at an angle thereto, and a recessed area 31 matching the shape of human bones is provided on the positioning plate 3. One end of the positioning plate 3 is fixedly connected to the side of the straight rod 11 facing the guide structure 2, and the side of the positioning plate 3 facing away from the guide structure 2 is fixedly connected to a fixed structure column 32. The fixed structure column 32 is arranged at an angle to the positioning plate 3, and a mounting hole 33 is opened inside the fixed structure column 32 along its axial direction to penetrate the fixed structure column 32. The mounting hole 33 is used to install a Kirschner wire that stably connects it to the bone.

[0038] Embodiment 2: A customized acetabular guide plate, see Figure 2The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the bending angle of the spiral guide plate 21 in this embodiment is 270°, the thickness of the spiral guide plate 21 in this embodiment is 8 mm, and the length of the spiral guide plate 21 in this embodiment is 2.5 times the diameter of the acetabular file to be used during the operation.

[0039] Example 3: A customized acetabular guide, see Figure 2 The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the guide structure 2 in this embodiment is a guide tube 22 fixedly arranged at the end of the cross bar 13, and the guide tube 22 is arranged along the length direction of the straight rod 11.

[0040] Embodiment 4: A method for using a customized acetabular guide plate, comprising the customized acetabular guide plate described above, and further comprising the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Before hip replacement surgery, simulate the final installation position of the prosthesis based on the patient's CT reverse 3D bone model;

[0042] Step 2: The final installation position of the prosthesis determines the angle and depth of the final acetabular cup, and uses 3D printing technology to manufacture an acetabular guide of the appropriate size;

[0043] Step 3: First install the acetabular file connecting rod and the spiral structure part together so that the two can slide relative to each other; after exposing the positioning plate during the operation, fit the acetabular guide plate on the patient's bone and fix it with a Kirschner wire; then install the acetabular file of appropriate specifications and start grinding.

[0044] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A customized acetabular guide, characterized in that: The invention comprises a connecting rod (1), a guide structure (2) fixedly connected to the connecting rod (1), a positioning plate (3) fixedly connected to the connecting rod (1), and a fixed structure column (32) fixedly arranged on the positioning plate (3), wherein the fixed structure column (32) is used to stably connect the positioning plate (3) to the patient's bone, and the guide structure (2) and the positioning plate (3) are arranged along the length direction of the connecting rod (1) and are staggered in the length direction of the connecting rod (1); The guide structure (2) comprises a guide spiral plate bent in a straight thread shape; The bending angle of the spiral guide plate (21) ranges from 270° to 360°; The connecting rod (1) comprises a straight rod (11) connected to a positioning plate (3), an inclined rod (12) fixed to the other end of the straight rod (11), and a cross rod (13) having one end connected to the end of the straight rod (11) facing away from the inclined rod (12), and the guide structure (2) is fixed to the other end of the cross rod (13); The fixed structure column (32) is arranged at an angle with the positioning plate (3), and a mounting hole (33) for inserting a Kirschner wire is provided on the fixed structure column (32).

2. The customized acetabular guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the spiral guide plate (21) ranges from 3 mm to 8 mm.

3. The customized acetabular guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the spiral guide plate (21) ranges from 2.5 times to 6 times h, where h is the diameter of the acetabular file to be used during the operation.

4. The customized acetabular guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the connecting rod (1) ranges from 100 mm to 180 mm, and the width ranges from 3 mm to 10 mm.

5. The customized acetabular guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning plate (3) and the connecting rod (1) are arranged at an angle, and a recessed area (31) matching the shape of human bones is provided on the positioning plate (3). The thickness of the positioning plate (3) ranges from 3 mm to 8 mm.

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