A pyrolysis device for oil-containing solid waste

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of oil-containing waste heat treatment equipment, and particularly relates to an oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device, which comprises a feeding device, a first connecting pipe, a vaporization pipe, a second connecting pipe, a pyrolysis pipe, a third connecting pipe and a slag unloading device, wherein the feeding device is arranged to tilt upward from a feeding end to a discharging end, the bottom of the discharging end is connected to an input end of a vaporization pipe through a first connecting pipe, the output end of the vaporization pipe is connected to an input end of a pyrolysis pipe through a second connecting pipe, the output end of the pyrolysis pipe is connected to a slag feeding end of a slag unloading device through a third connecting pipe, and the slag unloading device is arranged to tilt upward from a slag feeding end to a slag discharging end, so that a strict oxygen-deficient environment is formed during pyrolysis, the device is safe and reliable, has a long service life, and has a low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal treatment equipment for oil-containing waste, and in particular relates to a pyrolysis device for oil-containing solid waste. Background Art

[0002] Oily solid waste has special components and is difficult to degrade. It mainly exists in the form of oily sludge, and also includes oily sand, oily biomass and other oily substances. Oily sludge is not inherent in nature, but is formed during the oil extraction process. It has a high oil content of about 50%. Major oil fields in my country produce a total of millions of tons of oily sludge each year. Oily sludge contains a large amount of heavy metals and difficult-to-degrade chemical components. If it is discharged directly without treatment, it will cause serious damage to the ecological environment and human health.

[0003] At present, many places use pyrolysis to harmlessly treat oil-containing solid waste. However, the existing pyrolysis devices are generally roughly designed and do not form strict oxygen-deficient conditions during pyrolysis. During pyrolysis, the following problems exist: 1. After the combustible gas produced by pyrolysis mixes with air, a flash explosion may occur, posing a safety hazard; 2. Secondary oxidation is prone to occur in the pyrolysis device, resulting in an increased possibility of oxygen corrosion in the pyrolysis device, which may shorten the service life of the equipment; 3. The pyrolysis gas produced by the pyrolysis device is easy to escape into the external environment, causing unnecessary secondary pollution. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device, which forms a strict oxygen-deficient environment during pyrolysis, is safe and reliable, has a long equipment life, and has a low cost.

[0005] The present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] A pyrolysis device for oil-containing solid waste comprises a feeding device, a first connecting pipe, a vaporization pipe, a second connecting pipe, a pyrolysis pipe, a third connecting pipe and a slag unloading device, wherein the feeding device is arranged to tilt upward from a feeding end to a discharging end, the bottom of the discharging end is connected to the input end of the vaporization pipe through the first connecting pipe, the output end of the vaporization pipe is connected to the input end of the pyrolysis pipe through the second connecting pipe, the output end of the pyrolysis pipe is connected to the slag feeding end of the slag unloading device through the third connecting pipe, and the slag unloading device is arranged to tilt upward from the slag feeding end to the slag discharging end.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0008] 1. In the oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device of the present invention, the high-temperature gas inside the vaporization tube and the pyrolysis tube is in a micro-oxygen or oxygen-free state during operation, ensuring that no secondary oxidation reaction occurs during the treatment of the oil-containing solid waste, and can effectively avoid the oxygen corrosion effect of the pipeline under high temperature conditions, so that the vaporization tube and the pyrolysis tube can be made of metal materials with good thermal conductivity without emphasizing excessive metal corrosion resistance, which can improve the utilization effect of thermal energy and reduce the cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0010] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A.

[0012] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Magnified view of part B.

[0013] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the gas flow of the oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Magnified view of part C.

[0015] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of part D.

[0016] In the figure, 1. feeding device; 2. first connecting pipe; 3. vaporization pipe; 31. vaporization shell; 32. vaporization coil; 33. vaporization conveying device; 4. second connecting pipe; 5. pyrolysis pipe; 51. pyrolysis shell; 52. pyrolysis coil; 53. pyrolysis conveying device; 6. third connecting pipe; 7. slag unloading device; 71. slag discharge pipe; 8. exhaust pipe; 9. bridge pipe; 91. pyrolysis connecting section; 92. bridge section; 93. vaporization connecting section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical scheme in the embodiment will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The high temperature gas refers to the gas that has been heated in the vaporization tube 3 and the pyrolysis tube 5 compared with the outside gas. The temperature of the heated gas is higher than that of the outside gas by more than 50°C.

[0019] refer to Figure 1 A pyrolysis device for oil-containing solid waste comprises a feeding device 1, a first connecting pipe 2, a vaporization pipe 3, a second connecting pipe 4, a pyrolysis pipe 5, a third connecting pipe 6 and a slag unloading device 7, wherein the feeding device 1 is arranged to be tilted upward from the feeding end to the discharging end, the bottom of the discharging end is connected to the input end of the vaporization pipe 3 through the first connecting pipe 2, the output end of the vaporization pipe 3 is connected to the input end of the pyrolysis pipe 5 through the second connecting pipe 4, the output end of the pyrolysis pipe 5 is connected to the slag feeding end of the slag unloading device 7 through the third connecting pipe 6, and the slag unloading device 7 is arranged to be tilted upward from the slag feeding end to the slag discharging end.

[0020] Preferably, at least one of the first connecting pipe 2, the second connecting pipe 4 and the third connecting pipe 6 is arranged vertically; this arrangement is because when the first connecting pipe 2, the second connecting pipe 4 and the third connecting pipe 6 are all arranged obliquely, the pyrolysis gas obtained by the oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device of the present invention has a tendency to rise along the inner walls of the first connecting pipe 2, the second connecting pipe 4 and the third connecting pipe 6, and because the material will form a turbulent effect after contacting the inner wall of the pipe when it is transported from top to bottom, further interfering with the flow of the pyrolysis gas, the arrangement of the present invention can reduce this adverse effect and effectively prevent the pyrolysis gas from being discharged to the outside.

[0021] For example, as a preferred solution, in order to facilitate the material in the feeding device 1 to fall downward into the vaporization tube 3 as quickly as possible, thereby reducing the contact with the inner wall of the first connecting tube 2, and at the same time forming a micro-oxygen layer blocking effect between the vaporization tube 3 and the feeding device 1 to prevent the external oxygen-rich air from entering the vaporization tube 3 and the pyrolysis tube 5, the first connecting tube 2 can be arranged vertically, referring to Figure 4 After the high-temperature gas in the vaporization tube 3 enters the top of the feeding device 1 through the first connecting tube 2, a micro-oxygen layer containing high-temperature gas is formed on the top of the feeding device 1. The range of the micro-oxygen layer is as follows: Figure 4 The space above the dotted line of the middle feeding device 1, at this time, the second connecting pipe 4 and the third connecting pipe 6 can be inclined at a certain inclination angle, for example, the inclination angle is 8°, or they can be vertically arranged respectively;

[0022] For another example, as a further preferred solution, the second connecting pipe 4 is arranged vertically, which can facilitate the material in the vaporization tube 3 to quickly fall into the pyrolysis tube 5;

[0023] For another example, as a further preferred solution, the third connecting tube 6 is arranged vertically, and the high temperature gas in the pyrolysis tube 5 is affected by its own pressure, and a micro oxygen layer is formed in the third connecting tube 6. Figure 5 The range of the micro oxygen layer refers to the space above the dotted line of the third connecting pipe 6; even, as the heating time increases, the reference Figure 6 The range of the micro-oxygen layer refers to the space above the dotted line of the slag discharge pipe 71.

[0024] Since the high-temperature gas inside the vaporization tube 3 and the pyrolysis tube 5 is in a micro-oxygen or oxygen-free state during operation, at least the following two effects are achieved: 1. It ensures that no secondary oxidation reaction occurs during the treatment of oil-containing solid waste. For example, it can avoid the secondary oxidation of CO, thereby avoiding the formation of CO2; 2. It can effectively avoid the oxygen corrosion effect of the pipeline under high temperature conditions, so that the vaporization tube 3 and the pyrolysis tube 5 can be made of metal materials with good thermal conductivity without emphasizing excessive metal corrosion resistance, which can improve the utilization effect of thermal energy; in this embodiment, the first connecting tube 2, the second connecting tube 4 and the third connecting tube 6 are all arranged vertically, and such an arrangement can achieve the best use effect.

[0025] In order to save the installation space of the oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device, the feed end of the loading device 1 and the slag discharge end of the slag discharge device 7 are located on the same vertical plane; in order to facilitate the transfer of the oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device, the vaporization pipe 3, the second connecting pipe 4, and the heat pipe can be integrated and installed on the skid.

[0026] Preferably, the vaporization tube 3 includes a vaporization shell 31, a vaporization coil 32 and a vaporization conveying device 33, and the pyrolysis tube 5 includes a pyrolysis shell 51, a pyrolysis coil 52 and a pyrolysis conveying device 53. The vaporization coil 32 and the pyrolysis coil 52 are medium-high frequency electromagnetic heating coils, and the vaporization conveying device 33 and the pyrolysis conveying device 53 are spiral conveying devices. The vaporization coil 32 is wound on the outer wall of the vaporization shell 31, and the pyrolysis coil 52 is wound on the outer wall of the pyrolysis shell 51. Further preferably, the length of the vaporization coil 32 is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the length of the vaporization shell 31, and the length of the pyrolysis coil 52 is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the length of the pyrolysis shell 51.

[0027] Preferably, an exhaust pipe 8 is provided at the top of the output end of the vaporization tube 3, and the exhaust pipe 8 is used to discharge the high-temperature gas in the vaporization tube 3. Preferably, the length of the vaporization shell 31 is 6 to 8 meters. In this embodiment, the length of the vaporization shell 31 is 8 meters, the length of the vaporization coil 32 is 2 meters, and the length of the pyrolysis coil 52 is 2 meters. The distance between the bottom end of the exhaust pipe 8 and the end of the output end of the vaporization tube 3 is 0.5 meters; on the premise of ensuring that the high-temperature gas in the vaporization tube 3 and the pyrolysis tube 5 is in a slightly positive pressure state, the exhaust pipe 8 can achieve the extraction of the high-temperature gas by means of an external induced draft fan, so as to speed up the transfer speed of the high-temperature gas within a suitable range, which is conducive to ensuring the treatment effect of the oil-containing solid waste. In addition, the slightly positive pressure state can ensure that the pyrolysis gas will not be discharged to the outside, avoiding the pyrolysis gas from polluting the environment.

[0028] Preferably, a bridge tube 9 is provided between the input end of the vaporization tube 3 and the output end of the pyrolysis tube 5; through the setting of the bridge tube 9, the high-temperature gas generated in the pyrolysis tube 5 will enter the vaporization tube 3 through the bridge tube 9, and then be discharged to the outside through the exhaust pipe 8.

[0029] refer to Figures 1 to 3 Preferably, the bridge tube 9 is in a U-shaped structure, and the bridge tube 9 includes a pyrolysis connection section 91, a bridge section 92 and a vaporization connection section 93. The output end of the pyrolysis tube 5 is connected to the input end of the vaporization tube 3 through the pyrolysis connection section 91, the bridge section 92 and the vaporization connection section 93 in sequence; further preferably, at least one of the pyrolysis connection section 91 and the vaporization connection section 93 is a vertically arranged straight tube structure. The setting of this straight tube structure can prevent the high-temperature gas generated in the vaporization tube 3 from entering the pyrolysis tube 5 through the bridge tube 9 to the greatest extent, which is conducive to ensuring the thermal analysis effect of the pyrolysis tube 5; in this embodiment, the pyrolysis connection section 91 and the vaporization connection section 93 are vertically arranged straight tube structures; further preferably, the bridge section 92 is a straight tube structure or a curved structure; in this embodiment, the curved structure is an arc structure, and the protruding end of the arc structure is arranged away from the vaporization tube 3.

[0030] refer to Figures 1 to 3 The lower end of the vaporization connection section 93 is connected to a position of 2 / 3 to 7 / 8 of the height of the vaporization shell 31. Preferably, the height of the vaporization shell 31 is 320 to 380 mm. In this embodiment, the height of the vaporization shell 31 is 360 mm, and the lower end of the vaporization connection section 93 is connected to a position of 290 mm of the height of the vaporization shell 31.

[0031] When using, refer to the following steps:

[0032] In the first step, oil-containing solid wastes such as oily sludge and oily sand are pre-treated to obtain particles with a particle size of less than 10 mm;

[0033] The second step is to open the vaporization coil 32 and the pyrolysis coil 52, and adjust the temperature of the vaporization tube 3 to 200-350°C, and the temperature of the pyrolysis tube 5 to 350-550°C;

[0034] The third step is to load the material to the input end of the feeding device 1;

[0035] The fourth step is to start the induced draft fan after starting the vaporization conveying device 33, the pyrolysis conveying device 53, the feeding device 1 and the slag unloading device 7.

[0036] After the above steps are performed, the oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device of the present invention can operate normally; the pyrolysis flue gas is cooled by four-stage water spraying to collect the oil, and the non-condensable gas is transported out for recovery or environmentally friendly combustion.

[0037] The present invention is not limited to the above examples. Within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention, various deformations or modifications that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work are protected by this patent.

Claims

1. A pyrolysis device for oil-containing solid waste, characterized in that: The invention comprises a feeding device (1), a first connecting pipe (2), a vaporization pipe (3), a second connecting pipe (4), a pyrolysis pipe (5), a third connecting pipe (6) and a slag unloading device (7); the feeding device (1) is arranged to be inclined upward from the feeding end to the discharging end; the bottom of the discharging end is connected to the input end of the vaporization pipe (3) through the first connecting pipe (2); the output end of the vaporization pipe (3) is connected to the input end of the pyrolysis pipe (5) through the second connecting pipe (4); the output end of the pyrolysis pipe (5) is connected to the slag feeding end of the slag unloading device (7) through the third connecting pipe (6); the slag unloading device (7) is arranged to be inclined upward from the slag feeding end to the slag discharging end; a bridge pipe (9) is provided between the input end of the vaporization pipe (3) and the output end of the pyrolysis pipe (5); The vaporization tube (3) comprises a vaporization shell (31), a vaporization coil (32) and a vaporization transport device (33); the pyrolysis tube (5) comprises a pyrolysis shell (51), a pyrolysis coil (52) and a pyrolysis transport device (53); the vaporization coil (32) and the pyrolysis coil (52) are medium-high frequency electromagnetic heating coils; the vaporization transport device (33) and the pyrolysis transport device (53) are spiral transport devices; the vaporization coil (32) is wound on the outer wall of the vaporization shell (31); the pyrolysis coil (52) is wound on the outer wall of the pyrolysis shell (51); the length of the vaporization coil (32) is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the length of the vaporization shell (31); and the length of the pyrolysis coil (52) is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the length of the pyrolysis shell (51); The bridge tube (9) is in a U-shaped structure, and comprises a pyrolysis connection section (91), a bridge section (92) and a vaporization connection section (93); the output end of the pyrolysis tube (5) is connected to the input end of the vaporization tube (3) via the pyrolysis connection section (91), the bridge section (92) and the vaporization connection section (93) in sequence.

2. The oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One of the first connecting tube (2), the second connecting tube (4) and the third connecting tube (6) is arranged vertically, or two of the first connecting tube (2), the second connecting tube (4) and the third connecting tube (6) are arranged vertically, or all of the first connecting tube (2), the second connecting tube (4) and the third connecting tube (6) are arranged vertically.

3. The oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding end of the loading device (1) and the slag discharging end of the slag discharging device (7) are located on the same vertical plane.

4. The oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An exhaust pipe (8) is provided at the top of the output end of the vaporization tube (3), and the exhaust pipe (8) is used to discharge the high-temperature gas in the vaporization tube (3).

5. The oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis connection section (91) and / or the vaporization connection section (93) are vertically arranged straight tube structures, and the bridging section (92) is a straight tube structure or a curved structure.

6. The oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The curved structure is an arc-shaped structure, and the protruding end of the arc-shaped structure is arranged away from the vaporization tube (3).

7. The oil-containing solid waste pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the vaporization connection section (93) is communicated with a position on the vaporization shell (31) at a height of 2 / 3 to 4 / 5.

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