A roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, a settlement monitoring device and a settlement monitoring method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, a settlement monitoring device and a settlement monitoring method. A magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged inside a settlement tube of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor arranged in the roadbed body; a settlement magnetic ring is fixed in the roadbed body and is slidably connected to the outer wall of the settlement tube; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor includes an electronic bin and a waveguide rod; the waveguide rod passes through the settlement magnetic ring, one end of the waveguide rod is connected to one end of the electronic bin, and the other end of the waveguide rod is suspended; the electronic bin is used to load the emitted excitation signal onto the waveguide rod, receive the first force magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the position of the waveguide tube corresponding to the settlement magnetic ring and the second force magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide tube, and obtain the roadbed displacement value according to the first force magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force magnetic coupling elastic wave. The present invention can realize accurate and efficient monitoring of settlement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of settlement monitoring, and in particular to a roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, a settlement monitoring device and a settlement monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] Settlement monitoring is a commonly used monitoring method in the field of geotechnical engineering. It is widely used for settlement monitoring during and after the filling process of dams, roadbeds, embankments and other projects. At present, layered settlement is mainly monitored by layered settlement instruments. Its working principle is mainly based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The settlement pipe with a magnetic induction settlement ring is extended section by section according to the progress of soil filling. When the soil settles, it will drive the settlement magnetic ring to sink synchronously. The probe connected to the scale ruler is slowly placed in the settlement pipe. When the probe encounters the settlement magnetic ring, an electromagnetic induction signal is generated and sent to the surface instrument display, and an audible and visual alarm is issued at the same time. The scale of the ruler at the orifice is the distance between the location of the settlement magnetic ring and the pipe mouth. By comparing the changes in the position of each settlement magnetic ring over time, the settlement amount of the stratum at the location of each settlement magnetic ring can be obtained.

[0003] This method has many disadvantages in actual monitoring: (1) manual reading has poor accuracy, high labor intensity and low work efficiency; (2) in typhoon or rainstorm weather, especially at night, the risk factor for human observation is high; (3) manual observation cannot achieve real-time and continuous observation, and it is difficult to meet the needs of information development. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, a settlement monitoring device and a settlement monitoring method to achieve accurate and efficient monitoring of settlement.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] A roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor is arranged in the roadbed body; the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor comprises: a sedimentation tube, a sedimentation magnetic ring and a magnetostrictive displacement sensor;

[0007] The magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged inside the sedimentation tube; the sedimentation magnetic ring is fixed in the roadbed body and is slidably connected to the outer wall of the sedimentation tube; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor includes an electronic bin and a waveguide rod; the waveguide rod passes through the sedimentation magnetic ring, one end of the waveguide rod is connected to one end of the electronic bin, and the other end of the waveguide rod is suspended in the air; the electronic bin is used to load the emitted excitation signal onto the waveguide rod, receive the first force magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the position of the waveguide tube corresponding to the sedimentation magnetic ring and the second force magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide tube, and obtain the roadbed displacement value according to the first force magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force magnetic coupling elastic wave.

[0008] Optionally, the electronic warehouse includes a communication control circuit and an excitation pulse generating circuit, a magnetoelastic wave detection circuit, and a time measurement circuit connected to the communication control circuit; the communication control circuit is used to send a pulse control signal to the excitation pulse generating circuit, send the first magnetoelastic wave and the second magnetoelastic wave detected by the magnetoelastic wave detection circuit to the time measurement circuit, receive a first time difference signal corresponding to the first magnetoelastic wave sent by the time measurement circuit, receive a second time difference signal corresponding to the second magnetoelastic wave sent by the time measurement circuit, and obtain a roadbed displacement value from the time difference signal.

[0009] Optionally, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor further includes: a sedimentation magnetic ring anchor claw; the sedimentation magnetic ring is fixed in the roadbed body through the sedimentation magnetic ring anchor claw.

[0010] Optionally, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor also includes an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate; the upper fixed plate is arranged at one end of the sedimentation tube; the lower fixed plate is arranged at the other end of the sedimentation tube; the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor is arranged inside the sedimentation tube between the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate; the distance between the upper fixed plate and the sedimentation magnetic ring is greater than the maximum displacement of the corresponding roadbed layer; the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate are used to fix the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor.

[0011] Optionally, the magnetostrictive displacement sensor also includes: a sensor housing; the electronic compartment and the waveguide rod are both located inside the sensor housing; the electronic compartment is fixed on the sensor housing; and the sensor housing is fixed to the inside of the sedimentation tube via the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate.

[0012] Optionally, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor also includes: an external single-chip microcomputer controller and an external acquisition device; the external single-chip microcomputer controller and the external acquisition device are both communicatively connected to the electronic warehouse; the external single-chip microcomputer controller is used to send a monitoring control signal to the electronic warehouse to control the electronic warehouse to send an excitation signal; the external acquisition device is used to collect roadbed displacement values.

[0013] Optionally, the electronic warehouse also includes: a timing controller; the timing controller is connected to the communication control circuit; the timing controller is used to send a monitoring control signal to the communication control circuit at set intervals, so that the communication control circuit controls the excitation pulse generating circuit to generate an excitation signal.

[0014] The present invention also provides a settlement monitoring device, comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned roadbed magnetic displacement sensors; one of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensors is located in a roadbed body; the ends of the settlement tubes of two adjacent roadbed magnetic displacement sensors are fixedly connected.

[0015] Optionally, the settlement monitoring device also includes: an external single-chip microcomputer controller and an external acquisition device; the external single-chip microcomputer controller and the external acquisition device are both communicatively connected to the electronic warehouse of each roadbed magnetic displacement sensor; the external single-chip microcomputer controller is used to send a monitoring control signal to the electronic warehouse to control the electronic warehouse to send an excitation signal; the external acquisition device is used to collect the displacement value of each roadbed layer.

[0016] The present invention also provides a settlement monitoring method, which is used for the settlement monitoring device described above; the method comprises:

[0017] Obtain monitoring control signals and send out excitation signals;

[0018] After the excitation signal is loaded onto the waveguide rod, a first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the position of the waveguide tube corresponding to the submerged magnetic ring and a second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at one end of the waveguide tube suspended in the air are obtained;

[0019] Determine a first time stop signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and a second time stop signal corresponding to the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave;

[0020] Calculating a first time difference signal corresponding to a first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave from the first time stop signal and the generation time of the excitation signal, and calculating a second time difference signal corresponding to a second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave from the second time stop signal and the generation time of the excitation signal;

[0021] Obtaining the position of the sedimentation magnetic ring according to the first time difference signal, the second time difference signal and the length of the waveguide;

[0022] The displacement value of the corresponding roadbed layer is determined by the position of the sedimentation magnetic ring.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention proposes a roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, a settlement monitoring device and a settlement monitoring method. The roadbed magnetic displacement sensor arranged in the roadbed body includes: a settlement tube, a settlement magnetic ring and a magnetostrictive displacement sensor; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged inside the settlement tube; the settlement magnetic ring is fixed in the roadbed body and is slidably connected to the outer wall of the settlement tube; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor includes an electronic compartment and a waveguide rod. The present invention realizes real-time, continuous and automatic monitoring by arranging a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, avoids manual measurement and reading, improves the accuracy of settlement monitoring, and improves monitoring efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a roadbed magnetic displacement sensor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 The circuit schematic diagram of the communication control circuit and the TDC timing circuit of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a circuit principle diagram of the excitation pulse generating circuit of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of a magnetoelastic wave detection circuit of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 A circuit schematic diagram of a moment identification circuit of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the communication interface of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of a settlement monitoring device according to Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a roadbed magnetic displacement sensor according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0037] See also Figure 1 The roadbed magnetic displacement sensor of this embodiment is arranged in the roadbed body; the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor includes: a sedimentation tube 3, a sedimentation magnetic ring 5 and a magnetostrictive displacement sensor.

[0038] The magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged inside the sedimentation tube 3; the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 is fixed in the roadbed body and is slidably connected to the outer wall of the sedimentation tube 3; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor includes an electronic bin 6 and a waveguide rod 7; the waveguide rod 7 passes through the sedimentation magnetic ring 5, one end of the waveguide rod 7 is connected to one end of the electronic bin 6, and the other end of the waveguide rod 7 is suspended; the electronic bin 6 is used to load the emitted excitation signal onto the waveguide rod 7, receive the first force magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the position of the waveguide tube corresponding to the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 and the second force magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide tube, and obtain the roadbed displacement value according to the first force magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force magnetic coupling elastic wave.

[0039] In this embodiment, the waveguide rod 7 contains a waveguide wire, and a damper is provided at one suspended end of the waveguide rod 7 .

[0040] As an optional embodiment, the electronic warehouse 6 includes a communication control circuit and an excitation pulse generating circuit, a magnetoelastic wave detection circuit, and a time measurement circuit connected to the communication control circuit; the communication control circuit is used to send a pulse control signal to the excitation pulse generating circuit, send the first magnetoelastic wave and the second magnetoelastic wave detected by the magnetoelastic wave detection circuit to the time measurement circuit, receive the first time difference signal corresponding to the first magnetoelastic wave sent by the time measurement circuit, receive the second time difference signal corresponding to the second magnetoelastic wave sent by the time measurement circuit, and obtain the roadbed displacement value from the time difference signal. Among them, the time measurement circuit includes a moment identification circuit and a TDC timing circuit; the moment identification circuit is used to determine the first time stop signal corresponding to the first magnetoelastic wave and the second time stop signal corresponding to the second magnetoelastic wave; the TDC timing circuit is used to calculate the difference between the first time stop signal and the first time stop signal to obtain a time difference signal. The circuit schematic diagram of the communication control circuit and the TDC timing circuit is shown in the figure. Figure 2As shown, the circuit schematic diagram of the excitation pulse generating circuit is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the circuit schematic diagram of the magnetoelastic wave detection circuit is as follows Figure 4 As shown, the circuit schematic diagram of the time identification circuit is as follows Figure 5 shown.

[0041] As an optional implementation, the magnetoelastic wave detection circuit is a detection coil.

[0042] As an optional implementation, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor further includes: a sedimentation magnetic ring anchor claw 4; the sedimentation magnetic ring anchor claw 4 is installed on the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 and is stuck in the roadbed body, so that the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 is fixed in the roadbed body.

[0043] As an optional implementation, the settlement pipe 3 is a PVC pipe, and the length of the settlement pipe 3 is generally 2m to 4m; mortar or original soil is used to backfill between the settlement pipe 3 and the bedrock.

[0044] As an optional embodiment, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor also includes an upper fixed plate 1 and a lower fixed plate 8; the upper fixed plate 1 is arranged at one end of the sedimentation tube 3; the lower fixed plate 8 is arranged at the other end of the sedimentation tube 3; the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor is arranged inside the sedimentation tube 3 between the upper fixed plate 1 and the lower fixed plate 8; the distance between the upper fixed plate 1 and the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 is greater than the maximum displacement of the corresponding roadbed layer; the upper fixed plate 1 and the lower fixed plate 8 are used to fix the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor.

[0045] As an optional embodiment, the magnetostrictive displacement sensor further includes: a sensor housing 2; the electronic compartment 6 and the waveguide rod 7 are both located inside the sensor housing 2; the electronic compartment 6 is fixed to the sensor housing 2; the sensor housing 2 is fixed inside the sedimentation tube 3 through the upper fixing plate 1 and the lower fixing plate 8. Specifically, the upper fixing plate 1 is fixed to the sensor housing 2 by bolts; the lower fixing plate 8 is fixed to the sensor housing 2 by bolts, the outer diameter of the upper fixing plate 1 and the outer diameter of the lower fixing plate 8 are both the same as the inner diameter of the sedimentation tube 3, and the upper fixing plate 1 and the lower fixing plate 8 are fixed to different depths of the sedimentation tube 3 by a row of 4 screws for fixing the sensor housing 2.

[0046] As an optional implementation, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor also includes: an external single-chip microcomputer controller and an external acquisition device. A communication cable is connected to the electronic warehouse 6; one end of the communication cable is connected to the electronic warehouse 6, and the other end passes through the reserved holes on the upper fixed plate 1 and the lower fixed plate 8 to lead to the pipe mouth, and is connected to the external single-chip microcomputer controller and the external acquisition device. The external single-chip microcomputer controller and the external acquisition device are both communicatively connected to the electronic warehouse 6 via the communication cable; the external single-chip microcomputer controller is used to send a monitoring control signal to the electronic warehouse 6 to control the electronic warehouse 6 to send an excitation signal; the external acquisition device is used to collect roadbed displacement values. Specifically, the communication control circuit in the electronic warehouse 6 is connected to the external single-chip microcomputer controller and the external acquisition device through a communication interface. The schematic diagram of the communication interface is shown in FIG. Figure 6 shown.

[0047] As an optional embodiment, the electronic warehouse 6 also includes: a timing controller; the timing controller is connected to the communication control circuit; the timing controller is used to send a monitoring control signal to the communication control circuit at set intervals, so that the communication control circuit controls the excitation pulse generating circuit to generate an excitation signal.

[0048] As an optional implementation, the inner diameter of the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 is the same as the outer diameter of the sedimentation tube 3 .

[0049] As an optional implementation, the electronic compartment 6 and the waveguide rod 7 are fixedly connected via threads.

[0050] The working principle of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor in this embodiment is: an external single-chip microcomputer controller or a timing controller controls the excitation pulse generating circuit through a communication control circuit to generate a pulse signal of a certain period as an excitation source, and then generates a narrow pulse excitation signal of a certain amplitude through pulse width modulation and power amplification, which is loaded onto the waveguide wire and coupled with the permanent magnet to generate a force-magnetic coupling elastic wave; the detection coil detects the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated by the position of the waveguide corresponding to the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide, and performs signal conditioning through a signal filtering and amplifying circuit; the time stop signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave is obtained through a time identification circuit and sent to the TDC timing circuit for time measurement.

[0051] The TDC timing circuit calculates the time difference between the first time stop signal corresponding to the first force magnetic coupling elastic wave and the time when the excitation signal is generated (current pulse), and obtains the first time difference T 1 , calculate the time difference between the second time stop signal corresponding to the second force magnetic coupling elastic wave and the time when the excitation signal is generated (current pulse), and obtain the second time difference T 2. Assume that the length of the sedimentation tube 3 is H, according to h=(T 1 / T 2 )×H calculates the position of the subsidence magnetic ring 5, thereby obtaining the roadbed displacement value, and then sends it to other devices in the form of communication and data output.

[0052] The roadbed magnetic displacement sensor of this embodiment realizes real-time, continuous and automatic monitoring of settlement, avoids manual measurement and reading, improves the accuracy of settlement monitoring, improves monitoring efficiency, and greatly reduces labor costs; it has a simple structure and is easy and convenient to install.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] The present invention also provides a settlement monitoring device, Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of a settlement monitoring device according to Example 2 of the present invention.

[0055] See also Figure 7 The settlement monitoring device of this embodiment includes a plurality of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensors described in the above embodiment 1; one of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensors is located in a roadbed body; the ends of the settlement tubes 3 of two adjacent roadbed magnetic displacement sensors are fixedly connected. The specific structure of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor is not described here, and can be referred to in embodiment 1.

[0056] As an optional implementation, the settlement pipe 3 in the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor adopts a PVC pipe, and the length of a single settlement pipe 3 is generally 2m to 4m; the bottom of the settlement pipe 3 is buried in the bedrock, and the burial depth is generally 0.5m to 1.0m, and mortar or original soil is used to backfill between the settlement pipe 3 and the bedrock; the settlement pipes 3 are connected one by one as the embankment is filled in layers until the top surface of the embankment, and the pipe mouth of the settlement pipe 3 closest to the top surface of the embankment is lower than the top surface of the embankment.

[0057] As an optional implementation, the settlement monitoring device also includes: an external single-chip microcomputer controller and an external acquisition device; the external single-chip microcomputer controller and the external acquisition device are both communicatively connected to the electronic warehouse 6 of each roadbed magnetic displacement sensor; the external single-chip microcomputer controller is used to send a monitoring control signal to the electronic warehouse 6 to control the electronic warehouse 6 to send an excitation signal; the external acquisition device is used to collect the displacement value of each roadbed layer.

[0058] As an optional implementation, the ends of the settlement tubes 3 of two adjacent roadbed magnetic displacement sensors are fixedly connected by a pipe clamp.

[0059] In the settlement monitoring device of this embodiment, a magnetostrictive displacement sensor is installed in the settlement tube 3 of each roadbed magnetic displacement sensor through the upper fixed plate 1 and the lower fixed plate 8, and a settlement magnetic ring 5 is sleeved on the outer wall of the settlement tube 3. The distance between the settlement magnetic ring 5 and the upper fixed plate 1 is greater than the maximum displacement of the roadbed layer. The settlement tubes 3 are connected one by one as the roadbed is filled until the top surface of the roadbed.

[0060] The implementation principle of the settlement monitoring device of this embodiment is:

[0061] When the roadbed is displaced, the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 sleeved on the outside of the sedimentation tube 3 is driven to move through the sedimentation magnetic ring anchor claw 4, and a relative displacement is generated between the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 and the waveguide rod 7. The excitation signal in the electronic warehouse 6 propagates along the waveguide rod 7, couples with the sedimentation magnetic ring 5, and generates a force-magnetic coupling elastic wave; the detection coil in the electronic warehouse 6 detects the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated by the position of the waveguide corresponding to the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide, and passes them through the signal filtering and amplifying circuit for signal conditioning; the time stop signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave is obtained through the time identification circuit, and sent to the TDC timing circuit for time measurement. The TDC timing circuit calculates the time difference between the first time stop signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the time when the excitation signal is generated (current pulse), and obtains the first time difference T 1 , calculate the time difference between the second time stop signal corresponding to the second force magnetic coupling elastic wave and the time when the excitation signal is generated (current pulse), and obtain the second time difference T 2 . Assume that the length of the sedimentation tube 3 is H, according to h=(T 1 / T 2 )×H to calculate the position of the subsidence magnetic ring 5. Since the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is fixed, the displacement change measured by the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is the displacement of the roadbed layer.

[0062] The settlement monitoring device realizes real-time, continuous and automatic monitoring of multi-layer settlement, avoids manual measurement and reading, improves the accuracy of stratified settlement monitoring, improves monitoring efficiency, and greatly reduces labor costs; it has a simple structure and is easy and convenient to install; it has the advantages of high precision, no temperature drift, no contact, long life, good stability, etc., and effectively overcomes the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art; it can be widely used in settlement monitoring in the field of geotechnical engineering and has wide application value.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] The present invention also provides a settlement monitoring method, which is used for the settlement monitoring device in the above embodiment 2; the method comprises:

[0065] Step 101: Acquire a monitoring control signal and send out an excitation signal.

[0066] Step 102: After the excitation signal is loaded onto the waveguide rod 7, a first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave is generated at the position of the waveguide tube corresponding to the submerged magnetic ring 5 and a second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave is generated at the suspended end of the waveguide tube.

[0067] Step 103: Determine a first time stop signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and a second time stop signal corresponding to the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave.

[0068] Step 104: Calculate a first time difference signal corresponding to the first magnetoelastic wave based on the first time stop signal and the generation time of the excitation signal, and calculate a second time difference signal corresponding to the second magnetoelastic wave based on the second time stop signal and the generation time of the excitation signal.

[0069] Step 105: Obtain the position of the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 according to the first time difference signal, the second time difference signal and the length of the waveguide.

[0070] Step 106: Determine the displacement value of the corresponding roadbed layer according to the position of the sedimentation magnetic ring 5.

[0071] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0072] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, characterized in that: The roadbed magnetic displacement sensor is arranged in the roadbed body; the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor comprises: a sedimentation tube, a sedimentation magnetic ring and a magnetostrictive displacement sensor; The magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged inside the sedimentation tube; the sedimentation magnetic ring is fixed in the roadbed body and is slidably connected to the outer wall of the sedimentation tube; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor comprises an electronic bin and a waveguide rod; the waveguide rod passes through the sedimentation magnetic ring, one end of the waveguide rod is connected to one end of the electronic bin, and the other end of the waveguide rod is suspended in the air; the electronic bin is used to load the emitted excitation signal onto the waveguide rod, receive the first force magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the position of the waveguide tube corresponding to the sedimentation magnetic ring and the second force magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide tube, and obtain the roadbed displacement value according to the first force magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force magnetic coupling elastic wave; The electronic warehouse includes a communication control circuit and an excitation pulse generating circuit, a magnetoelastic wave detection circuit, and a time measurement circuit connected to the communication control circuit; the communication control circuit is used to send a pulse control signal to the excitation pulse generating circuit, send the first magnetoelastic coupling elastic wave and the second magnetoelastic coupling elastic wave detected by the magnetoelastic wave detection circuit to the time measurement circuit, receive a first time difference signal corresponding to the first magnetoelastic coupling elastic wave sent by the time measurement circuit, receive a second time difference signal corresponding to the second magnetoelastic coupling elastic wave sent by the time measurement circuit, and obtain a roadbed displacement value from the time difference signal; The time measurement circuit comprises a time identification circuit and a TDC time measurement circuit; The time identification circuit is used to determine a first time stop signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and a second time stop signal corresponding to the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave; The TDC timing circuit is used to calculate the time difference between the first time stop signal corresponding to the first force magnetic coupling elastic wave and the time when the excitation signal is generated, to obtain the first time difference T1, and calculate the time difference between the second time stop signal corresponding to the second force magnetic coupling elastic wave and the time when the excitation signal is generated, to obtain the second time difference T2; assuming that the length of the settlement tube is H, the position of the settlement magnetic ring is calculated according to h=(T1 / T2)×H, thereby obtaining the roadbed displacement value; The bottom of the sedimentation pipe is buried in the bedrock.

2. A roadbed magnetic displacement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Sinking magnetic ring anchor claw; The sinking magnetic ring is fixed in the roadbed body through the sinking magnetic ring anchor claws.

3. A roadbed magnetic displacement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate; the upper fixed plate is arranged at one end of the sedimentation tube; the lower fixed plate is arranged at the other end of the sedimentation tube; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged inside the sedimentation tube between the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate; the distance between the upper fixed plate and the sedimentation magnetic ring is greater than the maximum displacement of the corresponding roadbed; the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate are used to fix the magnetostrictive displacement sensor.

4. A roadbed magnetic displacement sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The magnetostrictive displacement sensor also includes: a sensor housing; the electronic compartment and the waveguide rod are both located inside the sensor housing; the electronic compartment is fixed on the sensor housing; and the sensor housing is fixed inside the sedimentation tube through the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate.

5. The roadbed magnetic displacement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: External single chip microcomputer controller and external acquisition device; The external single-chip microcomputer controller and the external acquisition device are both connected to the electronic warehouse for communication; the external single-chip microcomputer controller is used to send a monitoring control signal to the electronic warehouse to control the electronic warehouse to send an excitation signal; the external acquisition device is used to collect roadbed displacement values.

6. A roadbed magnetic displacement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic warehouse also includes: a timing controller; the timing controller is connected to the communication control circuit; the timing controller is used to send a monitoring control signal to the communication control circuit at set intervals, so that the communication control circuit controls the excitation pulse generating circuit to generate an excitation signal.

7. A sedimentation monitoring device, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of roadbed magnetic displacement sensors as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4; one of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensors is located in a roadbed body; and the ends of the settlement pipes of two adjacent roadbed magnetic displacement sensors are fixedly connected.

8. A settlement monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: External single chip microcomputer controller and external acquisition device; The external single-chip microcomputer controller and the external acquisition device are both communicatively connected to the electronic warehouse of each roadbed magnetic displacement sensor; the external single-chip microcomputer controller is used to send a monitoring control signal to the electronic warehouse to control the electronic warehouse to send an excitation signal; the external acquisition device is used to collect the displacement value of each roadbed layer.

9. A sedimentation monitoring method, characterized in that: The method is used for the settlement monitoring device according to claim 7 or 8; the method comprises: Obtain monitoring control signals and send out excitation signals; After the excitation signal is loaded onto the waveguide rod, a first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the position of the waveguide tube corresponding to the submerged magnetic ring and a second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at one end of the waveguide tube suspended in the air are obtained; Determine a first time stop signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and a second time stop signal corresponding to the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave; Calculating a first time difference signal corresponding to a first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave from the first time stop signal and the generation time of the excitation signal, and calculating a second time difference signal corresponding to a second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave from the second time stop signal and the generation time of the excitation signal; Obtaining the position of the subsidence magnetic ring according to the first time difference signal, the second time difference signal and the length of the waveguide rod; The displacement value of the corresponding roadbed layer is determined by the position of the sedimentation magnetic ring.

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