A lightweight micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle

Abstract

The present invention discloses a lightweight micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle, which relates to the field of micro-special machining technology, including a power source module, a power transmission module and a power introduction module, wherein the power source module includes a power source and a connecting piece, wherein the power source is connected to the power transmission module through the connecting piece; the power transmission module includes an insulating sleeve and a micro-ultrasonic vibration system, wherein the micro-ultrasonic vibration system is installed in the insulating sleeve, and the insulating sleeve is connected to the connecting piece; the power introduction module is installed on the outside of the insulating sleeve. The present invention has a compact structure, is lightweight, has excellent performance, is convenient and practical, and can realize micro-ultrasonic machining, micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted electrospark machining, and micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted electrolytic machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of micro-special processing, in particular to a lightweight micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted processing spindle. Background Art

[0002] Ultrasonic machining is a machining method that uses ultrasonically vibrating tools or workpieces to produce abrasive impact, polishing, hydraulic impact and the resulting cavitation in a liquid medium with abrasives or dry abrasives to remove materials, or applies ultrasonic vibration to the tool or workpiece in a certain direction for machining, or uses ultrasonic vibration to combine the workpieces with each other. Micro-ultrasonic machining is achieved by reducing the size of the tool head and abrasive particles and the amplitude value on the basis of ultrasonic machining. Micro-ultrasonic machining technology is an important direction for the development of ultrasonic machining technology towards high precision and miniaturization; micro-ultrasonic machining technology is suitable for the precise and micro-manufacturing of various high-strength, high-temperature-resistant, wear-resistant, hard and brittle material components such as semiconductors, optical glass, and engineering ceramics.

[0003] Micro-EDM is also known as electrical discharge machining or electro-erosion machining. During the machining process, pulsed spark discharge is continuously generated between the tool and the workpiece, and the metal material is eroded by the instantaneous and local high temperature generated during the discharge. During the machining process, the tool and the workpiece are not in contact. This technology has been widely used in the micro-machining of hard and difficult-to-machine materials such as cemented carbide, die steel, hardened steel, polycrystalline diamond, and can also be used for the micro-machining of low-rigidity and complex surface shape workpieces. Compared with micro-EDM without ultrasonic vibration assistance, micro-EDM assisted by micro-ultrasonic vibration has better advantages in micro-EDM discharge state, machining efficiency, machining accuracy, material removal rate, electrode wear, and surface roughness. First, ultrasonic vibration can improve the discharge state of micro-EDM, which can increase the material removal rate and reduce the relative loss rate of tool electrodes, and improve machining accuracy. Second, ultrasonic vibration helps the circulation of the working fluid and removes debris in the gap area. The stirring effect caused by the vibration of the working fluid may even disperse the debris and carbon particles in the gap area, thereby reducing short circuits and abnormal discharges, and ultimately increasing the machining speed.

[0004] Micro-electrochemical machining is divided into micro-electrolytic machining and micro-electroplating machining. It is a special machining method that removes workpiece materials or plates metal materials on them through chemical reactions. It is now widely used in precision and ultra-precision micro-machining of special-shaped parts such as cylindrical parts, spline holes, internal gears, molds, valve plates, etc. Micro-ultrasonic vibration is applied to micro-electrolytic machining. The micro-ultrasonic machining effect assists in timely removal of electrolytic products. Micro-ultrasonic vibration can effectively reduce the occurrence of short circuits during electrolytic machining. Micro-electrolytic machining adds ultrasonic vibration to cause electrolyte disturbance in the machining area, and its localized etching ability, machining stability, machining accuracy and workpiece surface quality are all improved.

[0005] The implementation basis of micro-ultrasonic machining, micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-EDM and micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-electrolytic machining is the corresponding micro-ultrasonic machining, micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-EDM machine tools and micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-electrolytic machining machine tools, and the key core components of micro-ultrasonic machining and micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining machine tools are their corresponding spindles. The common functions that the micro-ultrasonic machining and micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindles need to achieve are: first, the spindle needs to be able to install a micro-ultrasonic vibration system, second, the spindle needs to rotate with high precision, and third, one pole of the micro-EDM power supply or micro-electrolytic power supply needs to be introduced to the micro tool. At present, the most common method of micro-ultrasonic machining or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining is to apply micro-ultrasonic vibration to the workpiece and use a motor-driven V-block spindle as the spindle of the machine tool. The micro-ultrasonic machining or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining achieved in this way has the following problems: First, it is difficult to install the workpiece on the ultrasonic vibration workbench to achieve effective transmission of sound energy; second, there are restrictions on the size of the workpiece, and the micro-ultrasonic workbench cannot be driven if the workpiece exceeds a certain size; third, the adjustable range of the motor-driven spindle speed is limited, and the speed is not high, generally 0-5000r / min, which makes it difficult to achieve a wide adjustable range and high-speed rotation processing; fourth, the machining device is relatively complex and the structure is not very compact; fifth, the spindle and the machine tool body cannot be well electrically insulated, affecting the machining efficiency and quality.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a new and portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a lightweight micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. It has a compact structure, is lightweight, has excellent performance, is convenient and practical, and can realize micro-ultrasonic machining, micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrospark machining, and micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic machining.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a lightweight micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle, including a power source module, a power transmission module and a power introduction module, the power source module includes a power source and a connecting piece, the power source is connected to the power transmission module through the connecting piece; the power transmission module includes an insulating sleeve and a micro-ultrasonic vibration system, the micro-ultrasonic vibration system is installed in the insulating sleeve, and the insulating sleeve is connected to the connecting piece; the power introduction module is installed on the outside of the insulating sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, the power source adopts a BM320F electric spindle.

[0010] Preferably, the connecting part is a T-shaped transition metal part, the small end of the T-shaped transition metal part is installed on the BM320F electric spindle, and the middle part of the large end of the T-shaped transition metal part is provided with a light hole and a horizontally penetrating bolt hole for connecting with the upper end of the insulating sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, the insulating sleeve is integrally formed by 3D printing of PLA plastic, and the insulating sleeve is coaxially arranged with the T-shaped transition metal part.

[0012] Preferably, the insulating sleeve is of a stepped type, and an optical axis is provided on the upper part of the insulating sleeve for cooperating with the optical hole at the large end of the T-type transition metal part, and a bolt hole is provided on the optical axis for cooperating with the bolt hole at the large end of the T-type transition metal part; a through hole is provided at the middle stepped axis of the insulating sleeve for wiring entry; a conical stepped hole is provided at the lower part of the insulating sleeve for installing the micro-ultrasonic vibration system.

[0013] Preferably, the micro-ultrasonic vibration system includes a rear matching block, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, a front matching block, a horn, a tool chuck and a tool which are sequentially connected from top to bottom.

[0014] Preferably, the rear matching block, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, the front matching block and the amplitude converter are connected together by stud bolts; a node surface is provided on the amplitude converter, and the node surface is fixed in the stepped hole at the lower part of the insulating sleeve; the lower end of the amplitude converter is fastened to the tool chuck by a tapered fitting bolt, and the tool is installed in the tool chuck.

[0015] Preferably, the power-induction module includes a slip ring and a slip ring support, the inner ring of the slip ring is sleeved in the optical axis of the insulating sleeve and fastened by four slip ring inner ring fastening bolts; the slip ring is installed on the slip ring support, and the slip ring stop plate of the slip ring outer ring is fixed to the slip ring support by the stop plate fastening bolts.

[0016] Preferably, the slip ring support is integrally formed by 3D printing of PLA plastic, and two wing plates are arranged on the top of the slip ring support, and the two wing plates are fixed to the BM320F electric spindle by bolts and nuts.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0018] 1. With NSK electric spindle as the power source, the electric spindle has a wide speed adjustment range and can achieve high-speed spindle rotation in micro-ultrasonic machining and micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining.

[0019] 2. The electric spindle is isolated from the power-drawing tools and the micro-ultrasonic vibration system through the 3D-printed insulating sleeve and slip ring support. The structure is compact and can achieve good electrical insulation.

[0020] 3. The insulating sleeve is integrally formed by 3D printing. The optical axis part at the upper end is connected to the T-type transfer metal part through transition fit, and the lower end cooperates with the micro-ultrasonic vibration system through taper, which can ensure high rotation accuracy and processing stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a T-shaped transition metal member in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the T-shaped transition metal member in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the insulating sleeve of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the insulating sleeve in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the micro-ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a lightweight micro-ultrasound or micro-ultrasound vibration assisted machining spindle in the present invention;

[0028] In the figure, 1. BM320F electric spindle; 2. slip ring support; 3. nut; 4. bolt; 5. T-type transition metal part; 6. through bolt; 7. slip ring inner ring fastening bolt; 8. slip ring; 9. anti-rotation plate fastening bolt; 10. slip ring anti-rotation plate; 11. node surface mounting bolt; 12. insulating sleeve; 13. micro ultrasonic vibration system; 14. rear matching block; 15. piezoelectric ceramic plate; 16. front matching block; 17. stud bolt; 18. amplitude transformer; 19. node surface; 20. tool chuck; 21. tool. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Embodiment 1

[0032] like Figure 1-6 As shown, this embodiment provides a lightweight micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle, including a power source module, a power transmission module and a power introduction module, the power source module includes a power source and a connecting piece, the power source is connected to the power transmission module through the connecting piece; the power transmission module includes an insulating sleeve and a micro-ultrasonic vibration system, the micro-ultrasonic vibration system is installed in the insulating sleeve, and the insulating sleeve is connected to the connecting piece; the power introduction module is installed on the outside of the insulating sleeve.

[0033] In this embodiment, the power source is a BM320F electric spindle 1, and the connecting piece is a T-type adapter metal piece 5; the BM320F electric spindle is produced by Japan NSK, and its speed is continuously adjustable from 1000 to 80000 r / min. Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the diameter of the small end is 3.175 mm. The small end is installed on the BM320F electric spindle. The large end of the T-type transition metal part has a light hole and a horizontal through bolt hole, which are respectively used to connect with the light axis and the through bolt hole at the upper end of the insulating sleeve.

[0034] In this embodiment, if Figure 3-4 As shown, the insulating sleeve 12 is integrally formed by 3D printing of PLA plastic, and the upper part has an optical axis that matches the optical hole at the large end of the T-type transition metal part 5, and has a horizontal bolt hole that matches the bolt hole at the large end of the T-type transition metal part. The fit between the large end of the T-type transition metal part 5 and the optical axis of the insulating sleeve 12 is a transition fit, and the gap approaches 0, so that the coaxiality between the two can be ensured.

[0035] There is a through hole at the middle stepped shaft of the insulating sleeve 12 for wire entry; the lower half of the insulating sleeve 12 has a stepped hole with a certain taper entrance for installing the micro-ultrasonic vibration system 13, and the lower stepped hole and the upper optical axis need to ensure coaxiality requirements. The stepped hole entrance is set with a certain taper, and its taper is equal to the taper on the node surface 19 of the micro-ultrasonic vibration system 13. The coaxiality of the insulating sleeve 12 and the micro-ultrasonic vibration system 13 is ensured by the cooperation of the tapered hole, so as to meet the requirements of ensuring the coaxiality of the tool 21 and the BM320F electric spindle 1.

[0036] In this embodiment, the power-induction module includes a slip ring 8 and a slip ring support 2. The inner ring of the slip ring 8 is sleeved in the optical axis at the upper end of the insulating sleeve 12 and is fastened by four slip ring inner ring fastening bolts 7 so that it can rotate synchronously with the optical axis. The slip ring 8 is placed on the slip ring support 2, and the slip ring stop plate 10 of the outer ring of the slip ring 8 is fixed to the slip ring support 2 by the stop plate fastening bolts 9.

[0037] The slip ring 8 can realize the transmission of three paths of electric energy, two of which are used for the transmission of ultrasonic power supply electric energy; and the other one is used for transmitting one pole of the electric energy of the micro-spark power supply or the micro-electrolysis power supply to the tool.

[0038] The routing path of the second line for ultrasonic power supply is: slip ring outer ring - slip ring inner ring - slip ring support threading hole - insulating sleeve middle step shaft threading hole - piezoelectric ceramic sheet positive and negative electrodes in the micro ultrasonic vibration system. The routing path of the other line of power is: slip ring outer ring - slip ring inner ring - slip ring support threading hole - insulating sleeve middle step shaft threading hole - node threading hole - tool.

[0039] The slip ring support 2 is 3D printed as a whole, and the two wing plates on its upper part are installed on the BM320F electric spindle 1, and are fixed on the BM320F electric spindle 1 by tightening the bolts 4 and nuts 3; the lower part is used to place the slip ring 8, and the slip ring stop plate 10 on the outer ring of the slip ring 8 is fixed to the slip ring support by the stop plate fastening bolts 9.

[0040] In this embodiment, if Figure 5 As shown, the micro ultrasonic vibration system 13 mainly includes a rear matching block 14, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 15, a front matching block 16, a stud bolt 17, an amplitude transformer 18, a tool chuck 20 and a tool 21. The rear matching block, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, the front matching block and the amplitude transformer are connected together by stud bolts. The amplitude transformer has a section surface 19, and the amplitude on the section surface is zero. The amplitude transformer is fixed in the stepped hole at the lower end of the insulating sleeve 12. The lower end of the amplitude transformer is fastened to the tool chuck 20 by a taper matching bolt, and the tool 21 is installed in the tool chuck 20. The piezoelectric ceramic sheet 15 vibrates at a high frequency under the drive of the ultrasonic power supply, and the ultrasonic vibration is amplified by the amplitude transformer 18 and then transmitted to the tool 21, so that the tool 21 performs high-frequency ultrasonic vibration along the axial direction.

[0041] The overall assembly of this embodiment is as follows Figure 6 As shown, the upper end of the T-type transition metal part 5 is fastened by the electric spindle chuck of the BM320F electric spindle 1, and the lower end is connected to the insulating sleeve 12 by bolts, and the micro-ultrasonic vibration system 13 is installed in the lower end stepped hole of the insulating sleeve 12 by bolts; the slip ring 8 is placed on the slip ring support 2, and the inner ring is sleeved on the optical axis of the insulating sleeve 12 and fastened by bolts, and the two wing plates on the top of the slip ring support 2 are tightened and fixed on the BM320F electric spindle 1 by bolts and nuts.

[0042] This embodiment can be installed on a micro-ultrasonic machining machine, a micro-electric discharge machining machine, or a micro-electrolytic machining machine to perform micro-ultrasonic machining, micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted electric discharge machining, and micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic machining.

[0043] Micro-ultrasonic machining implementation method:

[0044] Install the lightweight micro-ultrasonic machining spindle onto the micro-ultrasonic machining machine, and install the tool onto the spindle through the tool chuck. Before micro-ultrasonic machining, the tool needs to be subjected to block / wire electrode EDM grinding, which can ensure that the processed micro-tool has good coaxiality with the spindle. During online EDM grinding, the anode of the EDM power supply is powered by the slip ring to the tool, and the tool is ground to the required micro-size according to the machining needs. During micro-ultrasonic machining, the lead of the micro-ultrasonic machining power supply is powered by the slip ring to the piezoelectric ceramic sheet in the micro-ultrasonic vibration system, and then the required spindle speed is set through the BM320F electric spindle controller, the micro-ultrasonic power supply is turned on, and micro-ultrasonic machining is performed under the control of the control system.

[0045] Micro ultrasonic vibration assisted EDM implementation method:

[0046] The portable micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted EDM spindle is installed on the micro-EDM machine tool, and the tool is installed on the spindle through the tool chuck. Before micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted EDM, the tool needs to be processed by block / wire electrode EDM grinding, so as to ensure that the processed micro-tool has good coaxiality with the spindle. During EDM online grinding, the anode of the EDM power supply is connected to the tool through the slip ring, and the tool is ground to the required micro size according to the processing needs. During micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted EDM, the lead of the micro-ultrasonic machining power supply is connected to the piezoelectric ceramic sheet in the micro-ultrasonic vibration system through the slip ring, the cathode of the micro-spark power supply is connected to the tool through the slip ring, and the anode of the micro-spark power supply is connected to the workpiece; then the required spindle speed is set through the BM320F electric spindle controller, the micro-ultrasonic power supply and the micro-spark power supply are turned on, and micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted EDM is performed under the control of the control system.

[0047] Micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted electrochemical machining implementation method:

[0048] Install the lightweight micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic machining spindle on the micro-electrolytic machining machine, and install the tool on the spindle through the tool chuck. Before micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic machining, the tool needs to be processed by block / wire electrode electrospark grinding, so as to ensure that the processed micro-tool has good coaxiality with the spindle. During online electrospark grinding, the anode of the electrospark power supply is connected to the tool through the slip ring, and the tool is ground to the required micro size according to the processing needs. During micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic machining, the lead of the micro-ultrasonic machining power supply is connected to the piezoelectric ceramic sheet in the micro-ultrasonic vibration system through the slip ring, the cathode of the micro-electrolytic power supply is connected to the tool through the slip ring, and the anode of the micro-electrolytic power supply is connected to the workpiece; then set the required spindle speed through the BM320F electric spindle controller, turn on the micro-ultrasonic power supply and micro-electrolytic power supply, and perform micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic machining under the control of the control system.

[0049] In summary, the present invention provides a lightweight micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle, which uses the BM320F electric spindle produced by NSK as a power source, and can achieve continuous adjustment of 1000-80000r / min under high rotation accuracy, thereby realizing micro-ultrasonic machining and micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining with a wide adjustable range and relatively high-speed rotation processing; the slip ring support and the sleeve are 3D printed with insulating PLA material, which can realize integrated printing and molding of complex structures, ensuring that the spindle is light, simple and compact in structure as a whole; the power transmission device adopts a 3D printed insulating sleeve structure, which is assembled with the spindle and the micro-ultrasonic vibration system respectively through integrated printing, and effective insulation with the electric spindle is achieved while ensuring high transmission accuracy.

[0050] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle, characterized in that: It includes a power source module, a power transmission module and a power introduction module, wherein the power source module includes a power source and a connecting piece, wherein the power source is connected to the power transmission module through the connecting piece; the power transmission module includes an insulating sleeve and a fine ultrasonic vibration system, wherein the fine ultrasonic vibration system is installed in the insulating sleeve, and the insulating sleeve is connected to the connecting piece; the power introduction module is installed on the outside of the insulating sleeve; The power source adopts a BM320F electric spindle, and the connecting piece is a T-shaped transition metal piece. The small end of the T-shaped transition metal piece is installed on the BM320F electric spindle, and a light hole and a horizontally penetrating bolt hole are provided in the middle of the large end of the T-shaped transition metal piece for connecting with the upper end of the insulating sleeve; The insulating sleeve is of stepped type, and an optical axis is provided on the upper part of the insulating sleeve for cooperating with the optical hole at the large end of the T-type transition metal piece; a bolt hole is provided on the optical axis for cooperating with the bolt hole at the large end of the T-type transition metal piece; a through hole is provided at the middle stepped axis of the insulating sleeve for wire entry; a conical stepped hole is provided at the lower part of the insulating sleeve for installing the micro-ultrasonic vibration system; The power-induction module comprises a slip ring and a slip ring support. The inner ring of the slip ring is sleeved in the optical axis of the insulating sleeve and is fastened by four slip ring inner ring fastening bolts. The slip ring is mounted on the slip ring support. The slip ring anti-rotation plate of the slip ring outer ring is fixed to the slip ring support by anti-rotation plate fastening bolts. The micro-ultrasonic vibration system comprises a rear matching block, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, a front matching block, a horn, a tool chuck and a tool which are sequentially connected from top to bottom.

2. The portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating sleeve is formed in one piece by 3D printing of PLA plastic, and the insulating sleeve is coaxially arranged with the T-shaped transition metal piece.

3. The portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rear matching block, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, the front matching block and the amplitude changer are connected together by stud bolts; a node surface is provided on the amplitude changer, and the node surface is fixed in the stepped hole at the lower part of the insulating sleeve; the lower end of the amplitude changer is fastened to the tool chuck by a tapered fitting bolt, and the tool is installed in the tool chuck.

4. The portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slip ring support is formed in one piece by 3D printing of PLA plastic, and two wing plates are arranged on the top of the slip ring support, and the two wing plates are fixed on the BM320F electric spindle by bolts and nuts.

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