A special fixture for cylindrical grinding machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of grinding machine processing, and specifically relates to a special fixture for an external cylindrical grinder, which is used for grinding sleeve parts. The external cylindrical grinder comprises a first ejector pin, a tail ejector pin, a turntable frame for fixing the first ejector pin and a tailstock frame for fixing the tail ejector pin. The special fixture for the external cylindrical grinder comprises a chuck sleeve, a suspension shaft of sleeve parts, an ejection mechanism and a clamping mechanism. The chuck sleeve covers the first ejector pin and is fixed on the turntable frame. One end of the suspension shaft extends into the chuck sleeve, and the first ejector pin presses against the first end of the suspension shaft. The ejection mechanism is fixedly installed on the external cylindrical grinder parallel to the chuck sleeve and the suspension shaft. The clamping mechanism is sleeved on the tail ejector pin and is used for clamping sleeve parts on the suspension shaft. The special fixture realizes automatic clamping and automatic unloading of parts, ensures the coaxiality of parts during processing, prevents eccentricity of processed sleeve parts, and improves the processing accuracy of parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of grinding machine processing, and in particular to a special fixture used for a cylindrical grinder, which is used for grinding sleeve parts. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of economy, cylindrical grinder fixtures are widely used on machine tools in the industrial field, but many defects have also appeared in production applications, such as: the grinder fixture cannot guarantee the datum coincidence during the cylindrical grinding of parts, resulting in large processing errors and affecting the quality of products; for the processing of sleeve parts of different shapes, different radial sizes or different axial sizes, in order to achieve the clamping of the workpiece, the fixture device needs to be replaced frequently, which invisibly increases the design and manufacturing cost of the fixture and the production preparation cycle, and increases the production cost. Or some grinder fixtures, when clamping or unloading, the loading and unloading time of the workpiece is long, the consistency between the inner hole of the sleeve parts and the axis of the spindle is poor, and the coaxiality requirements between the outer circle and the inner hole of the sleeve parts cannot be met, so the processing quality of the parts cannot be guaranteed.

[0003] For example: Patent No. 201510105154.1 discloses a fixture for automatically clamping and releasing circular workpieces of an external cylindrical grinder, including a clamping sleeve, a roller frame, rollers, and a protective cover. A roller frame is fixedly arranged at one end of the center hole of the clamping sleeve, and a plurality of rollers are arranged in the roller frame; a protective cover is arranged on the end face of the clamping sleeve, and the protective cover is fixedly connected to the clamping sleeve, and the protective cover encloses the roller frame together with the rollers in the clamping sleeve; the inner wall of the center hole of the clamping sleeve is provided with multiple groups of curved surfaces, and the inner wall of the center hole and the outer surface of the workpiece form multiple wedge-shaped grooves. Although the fixture can directly position the part to be processed at one end through the centers at both ends of the grinder, the fixture can automatically clamp and rotate the workpiece as long as the grinder is started, and the fixture can automatically release the workpiece when the grinder stops. However, manual calibration is still required, and the consistency between the inner hole of the sleeve-type parts and the axis of the spindle is poor. During processing, the parts have no clamping device and are easy to loosen or eccentric during rotation, resulting in the coaxiality requirements of the workpiece cannot be met and the processing quality of the parts cannot be guaranteed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a special fixture for a cylindrical grinder to achieve automatic pressing and unloading of parts, ensure the coaxiality of parts during processing, prevent eccentricity of processed sleeve parts, and improve the processing accuracy of parts.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A special fixture for an external cylindrical grinder, the external cylindrical grinder comprises a first ejector pin, a tail ejector pin, a turntable frame for fixing the first ejector pin and a tail stock frame for fixing the tail ejector pin, the special fixture for the external cylindrical grinder comprises a chuck sleeve, a suspension shaft for sleeve-like parts, an ejection mechanism and a clamping mechanism, the chuck sleeve covers the outside of the first ejector pin and is fixed on the turntable frame, one end of the suspension shaft extends into the chuck sleeve, and the first ejector pin presses against the first end of the suspension shaft, the ejection mechanism is fixedly installed on the external cylindrical grinder parallel to the chuck sleeve and the suspension shaft, the clamping mechanism is sleeved on the tail ejector pin and is used to clamp the sleeve-like parts sleeved on the suspension shaft;

[0007] The clamping mechanism includes a disc cover sleeve, a gasket, a clamping cylinder and a hanging cylinder plate which are sequentially sleeved on the tail ejector from the beginning to the end. The disc cover sleeve is sleeved on the tail ejector through a plane bearing. When the tail stock frame moves toward the turntable frame, the disc cover sleeve sleeves the hanging shaft, and the needle tip of the tail ejector presses against the tail end of the hanging shaft. The gasket is sleeved on the step of the disc cover sleeve. The cylinder body of the clamping cylinder is fixed on the hanging cylinder plate, and the cylinder shaft is fixed on the gasket and extends toward the direction of the shaft sleeve parts clamped on the hanging shaft. A limiting step is provided at the tail ejector of the fixed hanging cylinder plate. When the cylinder shaft of the clamping cylinder works, the limiting step is used to limit the displacement of the clamping mechanism toward the tail stock frame.

[0008] The clamping mechanism drives the clamping cylinder through pneumatic control. Through automatic clamping and loosening, the clearance adjustment during part installation becomes simple. It is no longer necessary to adjust the position of each part when clamping. The tension and relaxation are easy to control. It can also ensure the perpendicularity of shaft parts and grinder tools, ensure coaxiality and cylindricity, and ensure higher precision of shaft parts. Especially when manual clamping is no longer required, work efficiency is greatly improved.

[0009] It is further defined that the ejection mechanism includes an ejection cylinder and a push plate, the cylinder body of the ejection cylinder is fixed on the external cylindrical grinder, the cylinder shaft is telescoped toward the tailstock frame, the push plate is perpendicular to the cylinder shaft, one end of which is fixedly mounted on the front end of the cylinder shaft, and the other end is semicircular and clamped on the outer periphery of the suspension shaft in a clearance fit manner, and the diameter of the semicircular end of the push plate is smaller than the maximum diameter of the sleeve-type parts.

[0010] It is further defined that the sleeve-type parts are sleeve-type parts or shouldered sleeve-type parts.

[0011] It is further defined that the suspension shaft is a multi-step stepped shaft, the semicircular end of the push plate is clamped on the maximum diameter step section of the suspension shaft, the minimum diameter step section of the suspension shaft extends into the disc cover sleeve, and in addition, an annular groove is provided on the middle step section of the suspension shaft, and the sleeve-like parts are sleeved on the suspension shaft with the annular groove. The multi-stepped suspension shaft is convenient for clamping parts in the middle step section, the annular groove increases the friction of the parts during processing, and avoids mutual radial movement between the parts and the suspension shaft. The maximum diameter step section is limited when the parts are pressed, and the minimum diameter step section is easier to cooperate with the ejection mechanism and the pressing mechanism when unloading and pressing.

[0012] It is further defined that the suspension shaft is a three-step shaft, the diameter of which decreases successively along the direction from the head to the tail of the external cylindrical grinder, and a chamfer transition is formed between the middle step section and the minimum diameter step section.

[0013] It is further defined that the clamping cylinders are in two groups, which are fixed between the gasket and the suspension cylinder plate with the tail ejector pin as the central axis of symmetry.

[0014] It is further defined that the disc cover sleeve is an assembly consisting of a clamping sleeve, a fixing cover and a connecting piece, the clamping sleeve is T-shaped, the end of the clamping sleeve with a larger diameter is tightly attached to the plane bearing and sleeved on the tail ejector pin, and then the fixing cover is T-shaped, the end of the fixing cover with a larger diameter covers the plane bearing, and the end with a smaller diameter is sleeved on the tail ejector pin in a clearance fit manner, the connecting piece is sleeved on the side with a smaller diameter of the clamping sleeve, and the connecting piece and the fixing cover are installed by bolt connection.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: due to the installation of the ejection mechanism, the function of automatic loading and unloading is realized; due to the design of the clamping mechanism, the function of automatic tightening is realized, and the parts are tightened during processing, which can prevent the parts from axial or radial displacement during processing, ensure the coaxiality of the parts, and ensure its processing accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a local enlarged structure in the A direction;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the pressing mechanism of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the special clamp of the present invention for loosening the sleeve-like parts;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the special clamp of the present invention for pressing the shaft sleeve parts;

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded three-dimensional structure of the chuck sleeve and the suspension shaft installed on the first ejector pin of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 A special fixture for an external cylindrical grinder is shown, the external cylindrical grinder comprises a first ejector pin 1, a tail ejector pin 3, a turntable frame 2 for fixing the first ejector pin 1, and a tail stock frame 4 for fixing the tail ejector pin 3. The tail stock frame 4 can move toward the turntable frame 2 along the lateral moving platform of the external cylindrical grinder, so that the workpiece to be processed between the first ejector pin 1 and the tail ejector pin 3 is tightened between the two. The special fixture for the external cylindrical grinder includes a chuck sleeve 5, a suspension shaft 6 for suspending and installing sleeve-type parts, an ejection mechanism 7 and a clamping mechanism 8. The chuck sleeve 5 covers the outside of the first ejector pin 1 and is fixed on the turntable frame 2. One end of the suspension shaft 6 extends into the chuck sleeve 5, and the first ejector pin 1 is pressed against the front end of the suspension shaft 6. The suspension shaft rotates with the first ejector pin 1 and the turntable frame 2. The ejection mechanism 7 is fixedly installed on the external cylindrical grinder parallel to the chuck sleeve 5 and the suspension shaft 6. The clamping mechanism 8 is sleeved on the tail ejector pin 3 and is used to clamp the sleeve-type parts 9 on the suspension shaft 6; the sleeve-type parts 99 are sleeve-type parts or shouldered sleeve-type parts.

[0025] The clamping mechanism 8 includes a disc cover sleeve 80, a gasket 81, a clamping cylinder 82 and a hanging cylinder plate 83 (the hanging cylinder plate is used to suspend and install two clamping cylinders on the tail ejector 3 at the same time) which are sequentially sleeved on the tail ejector 3 from the beginning to the end. The disc cover sleeve 80 is sleeved on the tail ejector 3 through a plane bearing 84. When the tail seat frame 4 moves toward the turntable frame 2, the disc cover sleeve 80 sleeves the suspension shaft 6, and the needle tip of the tail ejector 3 presses against the tail end of the suspension shaft 6. The gasket 81 is sleeved on the step of the disc cover sleeve 80. The cylinder body of the clamping cylinder 82 is fixed on the hanging cylinder plate 83, and the cylinder shaft of the clamping cylinder 82 is fixed on the gasket 81 and extends toward the sleeve-like parts 9 clamped on the suspension shaft 6. A limiting step is provided at the tail ejector 3 where the hanging cylinder plate 83 is fixed. The clamping cylinder 82 is divided into two groups, which are fixed between the gasket 81 and the hanging cylinder plate 83 with the tail ejector 3 as the symmetrical center axis. When the cylinder shaft of the clamping cylinder 82 works, the limit step is used to limit the displacement of the clamping mechanism 8 toward the tailstock frame 4. The tail ejector 3 pushes against the suspension shaft 6 and rotates with the head ejector 1. The disc cover sleeve 80 is installed with a plane bearing and does not rotate with the tail ejector 3. Then the connected pad 81, the clamping cylinder 82 and the suspension cylinder plate 83 do not rotate together and are only responsible for clamping the parts.

[0026] The ejection mechanism 7 includes an ejection cylinder 70 and a push plate 71. The cylinder body of the ejection cylinder 70 is fixed on the external cylindrical grinder, and the cylinder axis of the ejection cylinder 70 is telescopic toward the tailstock 4. The push plate 71 is perpendicular to the cylinder axis of the ejection cylinder 70, one end of which is fixedly mounted on the front end of the cylinder axis of the ejection cylinder 70, and the other end is semicircular and clamped on the outer periphery of the suspension shaft 6 in a clearance fit manner, and the diameter of the semicircular end of the push plate 71 is smaller than the maximum diameter of the sleeve-like parts 9. In this embodiment, taking the shouldered sleeve-like parts as an example, when the ejection mechanism is working to unload, the diameter of the semicircular end of the push plate 71 is smaller than the shoulder axis of the shouldered sleeve-like parts, and the push plate 71 is clamped on the shoulder axis of the shouldered sleeve-like parts when moving toward the tail end, thereby driving the shouldered sleeve-like parts to move toward the tail end of the suspension shaft 6, and then completing the unloading.

[0027] The suspension shaft 6 is a three-step shaft, and its diameter decreases in sequence along the direction of the external cylindrical grinder from the head to the tail. The semicircular end of the push plate 71 is stuck on the maximum diameter step section 60 of the suspension shaft 6, and the minimum diameter step section 61 of the suspension shaft 6 extends into the disc cover sleeve 80. In addition, an annular groove is provided on the middle step section 62 of the suspension shaft 6. The sleeve parts 9 are sleeved on the suspension shaft 6 with the annular groove in a transition fit manner. One or two sleeve parts can be sleeved at one time. The inner diameters of different sleeve parts match the suspension shafts 6 with different outer diameters, and also match the clamping sleeves 801 with different inner diameters. Preferably, the chamfer transition between the middle step section 62 and the minimum diameter step section 61 is convenient for loading and unloading sleeve parts.

[0028] The disc cover sleeve 80 is a combination of a clamping sleeve 801, a fixing cover 802 and a connecting piece 803. The clamping sleeve 801 is T-shaped, and the end of the clamping sleeve 801 with a larger diameter is tightly against the plane bearing 84 and is sleeved on the tail ejector pin 3. Then the fixing cover 802 is T-shaped, and the end of the fixing cover 802 with a larger diameter covers the plane bearing 84, and the end with a smaller diameter is sleeved on the tail ejector pin 3 in a clearance fit manner. The connecting piece 803 is sleeved on the side with a smaller diameter of the clamping sleeve 801, and the connecting piece 803 and the fixing cover 802 are installed by bolt connection. It should be noted that the front needle head of the tail ejector 3 extends into the clamping sleeve 801 but does not exceed the front end head of the clamping sleeve 801. When the clamping sleeve 801 is sleeved forward along the tail end of the suspension shaft 6 and the front end head of the tail ejector 3 just presses the sleeve-like parts 9 on the middle step section of the suspension shaft 6, the grinder can now process and grind the sleeve-like parts. After processing, the cylinder shaft of the clamping cylinder 82 is retracted, the ejection cylinder 70 of the ejection mechanism 7 works, and the push plate 71 pushes out the sleeve-like parts 9 sleeved on the suspension shaft 6 to complete the unloading.

[0029] The movement process of the fixture in this embodiment when used with the cylindrical grinder is as follows: First, the staff must complete the fixture installation, and the suspension shaft 6 and the chuck sleeve 5 must be installed on the turntable frame 2 to ensure coaxiality with the first ejector pin 1 and smooth rotation. The push-out cylinder 70 must be installed firmly and cannot be loosened when working, ensuring the verticality of the push plate 71 and the suspension shaft 6, and ensuring that the push plate 71 can move smoothly along the suspension shaft 6 under the drive of the push-out cylinder 70. After the clamping mechanism 8 is installed, the coaxiality of the disc cover sleeve 80 and the tail ejector pin 3 and the suspension shaft 6 is ensured, and when the clamping cylinder 82 is extended and retracted during working, the tail end of the suspension shaft 6 can smoothly enter and exit the clamping sleeve 801.

[0030] After the above components are installed and adjusted, start putting the sleeve parts 9 to be processed onto the suspension shaft 6, then start the clamping cylinder 82, the cylinder shaft of the clamping cylinder 82 extends, driving the clamping sleeve 801 forward and extending it, so that the parts are tightly pressed on the middle step of the suspension shaft 6, and the maximum diameter step section 60 of the suspension shaft 6 limits the parts so that the parts are just pressed in a position suitable for grinding.

[0031] After the processing is completed, the clamping cylinder 82 is retracted, the clamping sleeve 801 withdraws from the clamping of the parts, and then the cylinder shaft of the pushing cylinder 70 extends to work, so that the push plate 71 moves, and the sleeve parts are pushed out of the suspension shaft 6, and the parts fall off, completing the unloading. At this point, a cycle of processing is completed, and there is no need to adjust the position of the fixture, and new parts can be directly loaded and processed.

[0032] The above is a detailed introduction to a special fixture for a cylindrical grinder provided by the present invention. The description of the specific embodiment is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, the present invention can also be improved and modified without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special fixture for an external cylindrical grinder, the external cylindrical grinder comprising a first ejector pin, a tail ejector pin, a turntable frame for fixing the first ejector pin and a tailstock frame for fixing the tail ejector pin, characterized in that: The special fixture for the cylindrical grinder includes a chuck sleeve, a suspension shaft of a sleeve-like part, an ejection mechanism and a clamping mechanism. The chuck sleeve is covered outside the first ejector pin and fixed on the turntable frame. One end of the suspension shaft extends into the chuck sleeve, and the first ejector pin presses against the first end of the suspension shaft. The ejection mechanism is fixedly installed on the cylindrical grinder parallel to the chuck sleeve and the suspension shaft. The clamping mechanism is sleeved on the tail ejector pin and is used to clamp the sleeve-like part on the suspension shaft. The ejection mechanism includes an ejection cylinder and a push plate, the cylinder body of the ejection cylinder is fixed on the external cylindrical grinder, the cylinder shaft is telescopic toward the tailstock, the push plate is perpendicular to the cylinder shaft, one end of which is fixedly mounted on the front end of the cylinder shaft, and the other end is semicircular and clamped on the outer periphery of the suspension shaft in a clearance fit manner, and the diameter of the semicircular end of the push plate is smaller than the maximum diameter of the sleeve-like parts; The suspension shaft is a multi-step shaft, the semicircular end of the push plate is clamped on the maximum diameter step section of the suspension shaft, the minimum diameter step section of the suspension shaft extends into the disc cover sleeve, and in addition, an annular groove is provided on the middle step section of the suspension shaft, and the shaft sleeve parts are sleeved on the suspension shaft with the annular groove; The clamping mechanism comprises a disc cover sleeve, a gasket, a clamping cylinder and a suspension cylinder plate which are sequentially sleeved on the tail ejector pin from the beginning to the end. The disc cover sleeve is sleeved on the tail ejector pin through a plane bearing. When the tail stock frame moves toward the turntable frame, the disc cover sleeve sleeves the suspension shaft, and the needle tip of the tail ejector pin presses against the tail end of the suspension shaft. The gasket is sleeved on the step of the disc cover sleeve. The cylinder body of the clamping cylinder is fixed on the suspension cylinder plate, and the cylinder shaft is fixed on the gasket and extends in the direction of the shaft sleeve parts clamped on the suspension shaft. A limiting step is provided at the tail ejector pin of the fixed suspension cylinder plate. When the cylinder shaft of the clamping cylinder works, the limiting step is used to limit the displacement of the clamping mechanism toward the tail stock frame. The clamping cylinders are divided into two groups, which are fixed between the gasket and the suspension cylinder plate with the tail ejector pin as the symmetrical central axis; The disc cover sleeve is a combination of a clamping sleeve, a fixing cover and a connecting piece. The clamping sleeve is T-shaped, and the end of the clamping sleeve with a larger diameter is tightly attached to the plane bearing and sleeved on the tail ejector pin. Then the fixing cover is T-shaped, and the end of the fixing cover with a larger diameter covers the plane bearing, and the end with a smaller diameter is sleeved on the tail ejector pin in a clearance fit manner. The connecting piece is sleeved on the side with a smaller diameter of the clamping sleeve, and the connecting piece and the fixing cover are installed by bolt connection.

2. A special fixture for a cylindrical grinder according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sleeve parts are sleeve parts or shouldered sleeve parts.

3. The special fixture for cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suspension shaft is a three-step shaft, the diameter of which decreases in sequence from the head to the tail of the external cylindrical grinder, and a chamfer transition is provided between the middle step section and the step section with the smallest diameter.

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