Ratchet telescopic mechanism for shaftless automatic transmission and shaftless automatic transmission

Abstract

A ratchet telescopic mechanism for a shaftless automatic transmission comprises a ratchet seat, a ratchet mechanism and a transmission sleeve penetrating the ratchet seat and having a sliding key and a depression on the side surface; the ratchet mechanism comprises a connecting rod mechanism and ratchets and rollers respectively fixed at both ends of the connecting rod mechanism, the connecting rod mechanism is movably arranged in the ratchet seat, the ratchets correspond to the ratchet ring of the transmission driven gear set, and the rollers correspond to the depressions; brackets I and II are respectively fixed at both ends of the transmission sleeve, springs I are arranged between brackets I and the ratchet seat, springs II are arranged between brackets II and the ratchet seat, springs I and II are respectively fixedly connected to the ratchet seat, and springs III are arranged at the lower end of ratchet I. In the present invention, it can not only realize automatic gear shifting, avoid distracting the rider's attention when riding, thereby reducing safety hazards; it can also improve transmission efficiency and extend service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mechanical speed change devices for bicycles, motorcycles or tricycles, and in particular to a shaftless automatic transmission. Background Art

[0002] Currently, most multi-speed bicycles use "finger-shifting" to shift gears; most multi-speed motorcycles use "pedaling" to shift gears; human-powered tricycles generally do not need to shift gears, and most motorized tricycles use "shaking the shift lever" to shift gears; the shifting process of "finger-shifting", "pedaling" and "shaking the shift lever" relies on the transmission system to transmit power, and the above shifting methods have the following disadvantages:

[0003] 1. In the shifting systems of "finger shifting", "pedal shifting" and "shaking shift lever", it is necessary to add auxiliary devices such as shifting control mechanisms, control ropes and rods outside the vehicle. The entire shifting system is complicated, and it is difficult to control and operate manual shifting during riding a bicycle or motorcycle. In addition, in the process of manual control to achieve gear shifting, the rider is easily distracted, which poses certain safety hazards.

[0004] 2. The chains and sprockets that transmit power are directly exposed to the air and are often affected by wind, sun, rain, dust, mud, stones and other obstacles. The operating environment is poor, so the shifting system is prone to wear or failure, which affects the transmission efficiency and service life of the transmission system.

[0005] 3. The transmission efficiency of the chain in transmitting power is low, which increases the physical exertion of the rider to a certain extent. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ratchet telescopic mechanism for a shaftless automatic transmission and a shaftless automatic transmission, eliminate auxiliary devices such as a shift control mechanism, a control rope and a rod, realize automatic shifting, avoid distracting the rider's attention during riding, reduce safety hazards; improve the transmission efficiency by 3%-5% and extend the service life.

[0007] The object of the present invention is achieved in this way. A ratchet telescopic mechanism for a shaftless automatic transmission comprises a ratchet seat, a ratchet mechanism and a transmission sleeve that penetrates the ratchet seat and has a sliding key and a recess on the side surface; the ratchet mechanism comprises a connecting rod mechanism and a ratchet I and a roller respectively fixed at both ends of the connecting rod mechanism, the connecting rod mechanism is movably arranged in the ratchet seat, the ratchet I corresponds to the ratchet ring of the driven gear set of the transmission, and the roller corresponds to the recess; a bracket I and a bracket II are respectively fixed at both ends of the transmission sleeve, a spring I is arranged between the bracket I and the ratchet seat, a spring II is arranged between the bracket II and the ratchet seat, and the spring I and spring II are respectively fixedly connected to the ratchet seat; a spring III is arranged at the lower end of the ratchet I.

[0008] In the present invention, when the transmission sleeve moves to the left, the ratchet seat cannot move to the left synchronously with the transmission sleeve due to inertia. The ratchet seat moves right relative to the transmission sleeve to compress spring II, and the roller of the ratchet mechanism is lifted along the right inclined surface of the recess on the transmission sleeve, and the connecting rod mechanism moves. The movement of the connecting rod mechanism drives the ratchet I to retract into the ratchet seat and separate from the ratchet ring of the meshing driven gear and compress the spring III; when the transmission sleeve is about to reach the previous gear, the moving speed will gradually decrease, and the ratchet seat will gradually return to the balance point under the thrust of spring II, that is, the roller gradually moves to the left to the center position of the recess, the connecting rod mechanism moves, and the spring III pushes the ratchet I to extend out of the ratchet seat and mesh with the ratchet ring of the driven gear of the previous gear.

[0009] When the transmission sleeve moves to the right, the ratchet seat cannot move to the right synchronously with the transmission sleeve due to inertia. The ratchet seat moves left relative to the transmission sleeve to compress spring I, and the roller of the ratchet mechanism moves up along the left inclined surface of the depression on the transmission sleeve, and the connecting rod mechanism moves. The movement of the connecting rod mechanism drives the ratchet I to retract into the ratchet seat and separate from the ratchet ring on the meshing driven gear set and compress spring III; when the transmission sleeve is about to reach the position of the next gear, the moving speed will gradually decrease, and the ratchet seat will gradually return to the balance point under the thrust of spring I, that is, the roller gradually moves to the right to the center of the depression, the connecting rod mechanism moves, and spring III pushes the ratchet I to extend out of the ratchet seat and mesh with the ratchet ring of the driven gear set of the next gear.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is achieved in this way. A shaftless automatic transmission includes the ratchet telescopic mechanism, a housing, a support shaft and a speed change mechanism arranged in the housing as described above, the speed change mechanism including an input end, a shift gear, a centrifugal transmission mechanism and an output end; the support shaft is fixed in the housing through a bearing; the ratchet telescopic mechanism is sleeved on the support shaft; the input end includes a transmission mechanism with an input shaft and a spline shaft; the shift gear includes a driving gear set and a driven gear set with a through hole, the driving gear set includes two or more driving gears fixed on the spline shaft through splines, the driven gear set includes two or more driven gears corresponding to the driving gears and meshing with the ratchet I through a ratchet ring, and the driven gears are connected to each other through a bearing I; the ratchet telescopic mechanism The structure is arranged in the through hole; the centrifugal transmission mechanism includes two centrifugal transmission components in opposite directions, and the centrifugal transmission components include a spring IV, a track plate, a power block, a transmission plate, a guide rail and a moving rod. The two ends of the spring IV are respectively fixed to the power block and the track plate, the power block is fixedly connected to the transmission plate, the power block is slidably arranged on the track plate, the transmission plate is slidably arranged on the guide rail, rollers I and rollers II are fixed on the transmission plate, and the moving rod includes a horizontal portion, an inclined portion and a connecting portion fixed to the bracket I, and the inclined portion is arranged in the gap between rollers I and rollers II; the output end includes an output seat and an arc plate fixed at one end to the bracket I, the output seat is fixed to the box body through a needle bearing, the arc plate and the output end are fixed through a displacement transmission component, and the track plate is fixed to the output seat.

[0011] In the present invention, the pedal is fixed on the input shaft, the rear wheel is fixed on the output seat, the pedal rotates synchronously with the input shaft, and the rear wheel rotates synchronously with the output seat.

[0012] The automatic transmission works in a low gear. When the pedal is stepped on quickly, the input shaft rotates quickly and drives the spline shaft to rotate quickly through the transmission mechanism, thereby driving the driving gear, the driven gear, the ratchet telescopic mechanism, the arc plate and the output seat. When the output seat speed is slightly greater than the set speed of the higher gear, the two centrifugal transmission components perform centrifugal motion. Under the action of centrifugal force, the power block moves outward along the track plate to compress spring IV, and the power block drives the transmission plate to move outward. The roller I pulls the moving rod axially to move left, and the moving rod pulls the transmission sleeve to move left. When the transmission sleeve moves to the left, the ratchet seat cannot move to the left synchronously with the transmission sleeve due to inertia, but moves to the right relative to the transmission sleeve, spring II is compressed, and the roller of the ratchet mechanism is lifted along the right inclined surface of the depression on the transmission sleeve. The movement of the connecting rod mechanism drives ratchet I to retract into the ratchet seat and separate from the meshing ratchet ring of the driven gear. At the same time, ratchet I compresses spring III; when the transmission sleeve is about to reach the position of the higher gear, the moving speed will gradually decrease. The ratchet seat is acted upon by the thrust of spring II, and the roller moves in the horizontal section on the right side of the depression of the transmission sleeve. When the roller moves to the edge of the top high point on the right side of the depression of the transmission sleeve, the ratchet I has entered the meshing area of ​​the ratchet II of the higher gear in a small amount. Since the roller is still in the horizontal section of the high point on the right side of the depression of the transmission sleeve, the ratchet I does not extend outward. When the roller continues to move left into the center position of the depression of the transmission sleeve, the ratchet seat drives the ratchet I to move left while the connecting rod mechanism moves, and the axial position of the ratchet ring of the driven gear of the higher gear is Alignment; at the same time, ratchet I extends outward under the push of spring III, and when the large diameter point of the ratchet ring of the higher gear cooperates with ratchet I, ratchet I extends outward smoothly, and power transmission can be achieved; if the small diameter point of ratchet II cooperates with ratchet I at this time, ratchet I extends outward a small amount and then is restricted; when the speed of the ratchet ring of the higher gear is greater than the speed of the ratchet seat, ratchet I slides backward to the large diameter point along the ratchet inclined surface of ratchet II, and at the same time, ratchet I extends outward under the push of spring III, forming a coordinated power transmission; if the speed of the ratchet ring of the higher gear is less than the speed of the ratchet seat at this time, ratchet I is compressed by the ratchet inclined surface of ratchet II, and ratchet I pushes the compression spring III. When the ratchet seat continues to rotate, spring III and ratchet I are repeatedly compressed and returned until the pedal is stepped on to make the speed of the ratchet ring of the driven gear of the higher gear greater than the speed of the ratchet seat, and the ratchet ring drives the ratchet seat to transmit torque; the speed of the input shaft remains unchanged, but the speed of the bicycle will travel according to the set speed of the higher gear.

[0013] The automatic transmission works in a certain high gear. When the output seat speed is slightly lower than the set speed of the lower gear, spring IV pushes the power block to move along the track plate toward the support shaft, the power block drives the transmission plate to move, roller II pushes the moving rod axially to the right, and the moving rod pushes the transmission sleeve axially to the right. When the transmission sleeve moves to the right, the ratchet seat cannot move to the right synchronously with the transmission sleeve due to inertia, but moves to the left relative to the transmission sleeve, spring I is compressed, and the roller of the ratchet mechanism is lifted along the inclined surface on the left side of the depression on the transmission sleeve. The movement of the connecting rod mechanism drives ratchet I to retract into the ratchet seat and separate from the meshing ratchet ring of the driven gear. At the same time, ratchet I pushes the compressed spring III; when the transmission sleeve is about to reach the lower gear position, the movement speed slows down, and the ratchet seat is acted on by the thrust of spring I, and the roller moves in the horizontal section on the left side of the depression of the transmission sleeve. When the roller moves to the edge of the top high point on the left side of the depression of the transmission sleeve, ratchet I has entered the meshing area of ​​ratchet II a small amount. Since the roller is still in the horizontal section of the high point on the left side of the depression of the transmission sleeve, ratchet I has not extended outward. When the roller continues to move right into the center position of the depression of the transmission sleeve, the ratchet seat drives ratchet I to move right while the connecting rod mechanism moves, and aligns with the axial position of the ratchet ring of the driven gear in the lower gear. Tooth I extends outward under the push of spring III, and when the large diameter point of the ratchet ring of the lower gear cooperates with ratchet I, ratchet I extends outward smoothly, and power transmission can be achieved; if the small diameter point of ratchet II cooperates with ratchet I at this time, ratchet I extends outward a small amount and then is restricted; when the speed of the ratchet ring of the lower gear is greater than the speed of the ratchet seat, ratchet I slides backward along the ratchet inclined surface of ratchet II to the large diameter point, and at the same time, ratchet I extends outward under the push of spring III, forming a coordinated power transmission; if the speed of the ratchet ring of the lower gear is less than the speed of the ratchet seat at this time, ratchet I slides forward on the ratchet inclined surface of ratchet II and is compressed, and ratchet I pushes the compression spring III, and when the ratchet seat continues to rotate, spring III and ratchet I are repeatedly compressed and returned until the pedal is stepped on to make the speed of the ratchet ring of the driven gear of the lower gear greater than the speed of the ratchet seat, and the ratchet ring drives the ratchet seat to transmit torque; the speed of the input shaft remains unchanged, but the speed of the bicycle will travel according to the set speed of the lower gear.

[0014] The adoption of the above technical solution can not only realize automatic gear shifting, avoid distracting the rider's attention during riding, and reduce safety hazards; because the gear shifting system is set in the box, lubricating oil can be added without being directly exposed to the air, so it can also improve the transmission efficiency by 3%-5% and extend the service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the shaftless automatic transmission of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is another cross-sectional schematic diagram of the ratchet telescopic mechanism of the shaftless automatic transmission of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic top view of a ratchet telescopic mechanism for a shaftless automatic transmission.

[0019] Figure 4 The invention is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a ratchet telescopic mechanism for a shaftless automatic transmission.

[0020] Figure 5 It is an exploded schematic diagram of a transmission plate in one of the centrifugal transmission assemblies of the present invention being slidably arranged on a guide rail.

[0021] Figure 6 It is another cross-sectional schematic diagram of the centrifugal transmission mechanism of the present invention installed at the output end.

[0022] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A partial schematic diagram of .

[0023] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 The cross-sectional view at AA in the middle shows the schematic diagram of the axial position of the gear stabilization component for delayed downshifting and controlled displacement.

[0024] Fig. 9 yes Figure 7 The cross-sectional view at the middle BB shows the schematic diagram of the axial position of the gear stabilization component to delay upshifting and control displacement.

[0025] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ratchet seat and the transmission sleeve ball baffle in the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: 1. Input shaft, 2. Connecting rod mechanism, 3. Gear I, 4. Input end, 5. Spline shaft, 6. Gear II, 7. Support seat, 8. Centrifugal transmission mechanism, 10. Box I, 11. Driving gear set, 12. Driven gear set, 13. Spring II, 14. Power block, 15. 5th gear driving gear, 16. 4th gear driving gear, 17. 3rd gear driving gear, 18. 2nd gear driving gear, 19. 1st gear driving gear, 20. Displacement transmission assembly, 21. Limit hole II, 22. Ratchet sleeve 、23. Ratchet Ⅰ、24. Mounting hole、25. Spring Ⅲ、26. Lever、27. Roller、28. Spring Ⅰ、29. Transmission sleeve、30. Sliding key、31. Limit hole Ⅲ、32. Ball Ⅱ、33. Ball、34. Baffle、35. Bearing Ⅰ、36.5 gear driven gear、37.4 gear driven gear、38.3 gear driven gear、39.2 gear driven gear、40.1 gear driven gear、41. Limit hole Ⅳ、42. Positioning seat Ⅳ、43. Box Ⅱ、44. Guide rail、45 .Guide groove, 46. Moving rod, 47. Transmission plate, 48. Spring V, 49. Track groove, 50. Ratchet II, 51. Support shaft, 52. Ball I, 53. Roller II, 54. Roller I, 55. Roller III, 56. Roller IV, 57. Transmission bearing, 58. Displacement rod, 59. Spring seat, 60. Track plate, 61. Gear IV, 62. Axial groove, 63. Torsion spring, 64. Depression, 65. Bracket I, 66. Gear III, 67. Bracket II, 68. Return plate, 69. Transmission shaft, 71. Limit block, 72. Limit groove, 73. Positioning ring, 74. Spring IV, 75. Arc plate, 77. Output seat, 78. Positioning seat II, 79. Torsion spring II, 80. Torsion spring IV, 81. Torsion spring I, 82. Positioning seat I, 83. Torsion spring III, 84. Positioning seat III, 85. Limit hole I, 86. Support, 87. Ratchet ring, 88. Ratchet seat, 89. Horizontal part, 90. Inclined part, 91. Small diameter point, 92. Large diameter point, 93. Connecting part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0028] In the present invention, directional words such as "front", "back", "up", "down", "left", and "right" are used according to the directions in the drawings in the specification. Figure 1 The actual location is not described.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, a ratchet telescopic mechanism for a shaftless automatic transmission comprises a ratchet seat 88, a ratchet mechanism and a transmission sleeve 29 which penetrates the ratchet seat 88 and has a sliding key 30 and a recess 64 on the side surface; the ratchet mechanism comprises a connecting rod mechanism 2 and a ratchet Ⅰ23 and a roller 27 respectively fixed at both ends of the connecting rod mechanism 2, the connecting rod mechanism 2 is movably arranged in the ratchet seat 88, the ratchet Ⅰ23 corresponds to the ratchet ring 87 of the transmission driven gear set 12, and the roller 27 corresponds to the recess 64; a bracket Ⅰ65 and a bracket Ⅱ67 are respectively fixed at both ends of the transmission sleeve 29, a spring Ⅰ28 is arranged between the bracket Ⅰ65 and the ratchet seat 88, a spring Ⅱ13 is arranged between the bracket Ⅱ67 and the ratchet seat 88, and the spring Ⅰ28 and the spring Ⅱ13 are respectively fixedly connected to the ratchet seat 88; a spring Ⅲ25 is arranged at the lower end of the ratchet Ⅰ23.

[0030] In the present invention, when the transmission sleeve 29 moves rapidly to the left, the ratchet seat 88 cannot move to the left synchronously with the transmission sleeve 29 due to inertia. The ratchet seat 88 moves rightward relative to the transmission sleeve 29 to compress the spring II 13, and the roller 27 of the ratchet mechanism is lifted along the right side inclined surface of the recess 64 on the transmission sleeve 29 and moves to the right along the horizontal track, and the connecting rod mechanism 2 moves. The movement of the connecting rod mechanism 2 drives the ratchet I 23 to retract into the ratchet seat 88 and separate from the meshing driven gear ratchet ring 87, and at the same time, the ratchet I 23 compresses the spring III 25; when the transmission sleeve 29 is about to reach the position of the previous gear, the moving speed gradually decreases, and the ratchet seat 88 moves leftward relative to the transmission sleeve 29 under the thrust of the spring II 13 to return to the balance point, that is, the roller 27 gradually moves leftward to the center position of the recess 64, the connecting rod mechanism 2 moves, and the spring III 25 pushes the ratchet I 23 to extend out of the ratchet seat 88 and mesh with the ratchet ring 87 of the driven gear of the previous gear.

[0031] When the transmission sleeve 29 moves to the right quickly, the ratchet seat 88 cannot move to the right synchronously with the transmission sleeve 29 due to inertia. The ratchet seat 88 moves left relative to the transmission sleeve 29 to compress the spring I28, and the roller 27 of the ratchet mechanism is lifted along the left inclined surface of the recess 64 on the transmission sleeve 29 and moves left along the horizontal track, and the connecting rod mechanism 2 moves. The movement of the connecting rod mechanism 2 drives the ratchet I23 to retract into the ratchet seat 88 and separate from the meshing ratchet ring 87 of the driven gear, and at the same time, the ratchet I23 compresses the spring III25; when the transmission sleeve 29 is about to reach the next gear, the moving speed gradually decreases, and the ratchet seat 88 gradually returns to the balance point under the thrust of the spring I28, that is, the roller 27 gradually moves to the right to the center position of the recess 64, the connecting rod mechanism 2 moves, and the spring III25 pushes the ratchet I23 to extend out of the ratchet seat 88 to mesh with the ratchet ring 87 of the driven gear of the next gear.

[0032] In this embodiment, the bracket I65 and the bracket II67 are respectively fixed to the two ends of the transmission sleeve 29 by snap rings. In another embodiment, the bracket I65 and the bracket II67 can also be fixed to the transmission sleeve 29 by integrated setting, bonding fixation, fastener fixation, welding fixation, etc. The bracket I65 and the bracket II67 are provided with more than two groups of protrusions in the central area between each two groups of sliding keys 30 to limit the maximum displacement of the ratchet seat 88 and prevent damage to the springs I28 and II13.

[0033] Furthermore, one or more balls 33 are arranged between the transmission sleeve 29 and the ratchet seat 88, and each ball group includes one or more balls 33. The function of the balls 33 is to reduce the friction force of the axial movement between the transmission sleeve 29 and the ratchet seat 88. In this embodiment, the transmission sleeve 29 and the ratchet seat 88 are provided with a sliding key 30 and a sliding groove at corresponding positions. The sliding key on the transmission sleeve 29 and the sliding groove on the ratchet seat 88 form a channel for accommodating the balls 33, and the balls 33 are placed in the channel. In order to further reduce the friction force and reduce the manufacturing difficulty and processing cost, in this embodiment, the channel for accommodating the balls 33 is a blind hole arranged at the corresponding position of the sliding key 30 of the transmission sleeve 29 and the sliding groove of the ratchet seat 88. The balls 33 are placed in the blind hole and matched with the blind hole. The opening end of the blind hole is provided with a baffle 34, which is positioned by a snap ring. The baffle 34 can also be fixed to the transmission sleeve 29 by fasteners such as screws and pins. The function of the baffle 34 is to prevent the balls 33 from rolling out of the blind hole. Three positioning pins are provided on the baffle plate 34 to prevent the baffle plate 34 from rotating and to avoid the groove of the baffle plate 34 from contacting the sliding key on the transmission sleeve 29 to affect the following effect between the ratchet seat 88 and the transmission sleeve 29.

[0034] In this embodiment, three sliding keys 30 are evenly distributed on the side surface of the transmission sleeve 29, and another embodiment may also be sliding keys of other numbers; a group of balls 33 is arranged on both sides of each sliding key 30 between the transmission sleeve 29 and the ratchet seat 88, and each group of balls 33 includes five balls 33. Its function is to further reduce the axial friction between the transmission sleeve 29 and the ratchet seat 88, while ensuring the torque transmission and axial movement balance between the transmission sleeve 29 and the ratchet seat 88. In other embodiments, other groups of balls 33 are arranged between the transmission sleeve 29 and the ratchet seat 88, and each group of balls 33 includes other numbers of balls 33.

[0035] Furthermore, if Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, more than one ratchet mechanism is provided in the ratchet seat 88. The function of the multiple ratchet mechanisms is to further ensure the torque transmission balance after the ratchet seat 88 is meshed with the ratchet ring 87 of the driven gear set 12 through the ratchet I 23 and to reduce the force on a single ratchet. In this embodiment, three ratchet mechanisms are provided in the ratchet seat 88, and each ratchet mechanism is provided between two groups of sliding keys 30 on the side surface of the transmission sleeve 29. In another embodiment, other numbers of ratchet mechanisms are provided in the ratchet seat 88.

[0036] Furthermore, if Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the link mechanism 2 includes a displacement rod 58, a lever 26 and a ratchet I 23, the two ends of the displacement rod 58 are rotatably connected with the roller 27 and the lever 26 respectively through a pin, the lever 26 is rotatably fixed in the ratchet seat 88 through a pin and a torsion spring 63, a limit slot 72 is provided on the ratchet I 23, a limit block 71 is fixed on the lever 26 and is slidably arranged in the limit slot 72, and a spring seat 59 is provided between the ratchet I 23 and the spring III 25. The link mechanism 2 has low cost and high transmission efficiency. In another embodiment, the link mechanism 2 can also be a four-bar linkage or other link mechanism that can move up and down through the roller 27 to drive the ratchet I 23 to extend and retract. The function of the torsion spring 63 is to ensure that the roller 27 always fits the track surface of the transmission sleeve 29. When the roller 27 is located at the center of the depression of the transmission sleeve 64, if the speed of the ratchet seat 88 is greater than the speed of the ratchet ring 87, the ratchet I 23 is compressed by the ratchet inclined surface of the ratchet II 50 and moves up and down, and the connecting rod mechanism 2 and the roller 27 remain stationary, thereby reducing noise and improving the reliability and service life of the connecting rod mechanism. When the roller 27 is located in the high horizontal sections on both sides of the depression, the spring III 25 and the torsion spring 63 are both in a compressed state, and the ratchet I 23 retracts into the ratchet seat.

[0037] Furthermore, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in order to reduce the manufacturing difficulty and processing cost, a mounting hole 24 is opened in the ratchet seat 88, and the connecting rod mechanism 2 also includes a ratchet sleeve 22 and a support 86 both fixed in the mounting hole 24 through a positioning ring 73, the ratchet I 23 is movably arranged in the ratchet sleeve 22, and the lever 26 is movably arranged in the support 86. During installation, the lever 26 is first passed through the support 86, the ratchet sleeve 22 is sleeved on the ratchet I 23, and then the ratchet sleeve 22 and the support 86 are fixed in the mounting hole 24 in sequence through the positioning ring 73, so as to achieve the purpose of setting the connecting rod mechanism 2 in the ratchet seat 88 while reducing the manufacturing difficulty and processing cost.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, the shaftless automatic transmission comprises the ratchet telescopic mechanism, a housing, a support shaft 51 and a speed change mechanism arranged in the housing as described above, wherein the speed change mechanism comprises an input end 4, a shifting gear, a centrifugal transmission mechanism 8 and an output end; the support shaft 51 is fixed in the housing through a bearing; the ratchet telescopic mechanism is sleeved on the support shaft 51; the input end 4 comprises a transmission mechanism with an input shaft 1 and a spline shaft 5; the shifting gear comprises a driving gear set 11 and a driven gear set 12 with a ratchet ring 87, the driving gear set 11 comprises two or more driving gears fixed on the spline shaft 5 through splines, the driven gear set 12 comprises two or more driven gears corresponding to the driving gears, and the driven gears are connected to each other through a bearing Ⅰ35; the ratchet telescopic mechanism is arranged in a through hole; the centrifugal transmission mechanism 8 comprises two centrifugal transmission components in opposite directions, each of which comprises a spring Ⅳ74, a rail The track plate 60, the power block 14, the transmission plate 47, the guide rail 44 and the moving rod 46, the two ends of the spring IV 74 are respectively fixed to the power block 14 and the track plate 60, the power block 14 is fixedly connected to the transmission plate 47, the power block 14 is slidably arranged on the track plate 60, the transmission plate 47 is slidably arranged on the guide rail 44, the transmission plate 47 is fixed with rollers I 54 and II 53, the moving rod 46 includes a horizontal portion 89, an inclined portion 90 and a connecting portion 93 fixed to the bracket I 65, the inclined portion 90 is arranged in the gap between the rollers I 54 and the rollers II 53; the output end includes an output seat 77 and an arc plate 75 fixed to the bracket I 65, the output seat 77 is fixed to the box body through a needle bearing, the arc plate 75 and the output seat 77 are slidably connected through the displacement transmission assembly 20, so as to realize the axial sliding and synchronous rotation between the arc plate 75 and the output seat 77, and the track plate 60 is fixed to the output seat 77.

[0039] The working principle is as follows: the foot pedal is fixed on the input shaft 1 , the rear wheel is fixed on the output seat 77 , the foot pedal rotates synchronously with the input shaft 1 , and the rear wheel rotates synchronously with the output seat 77 .

[0040] In this embodiment, the track plate 60 and the guide rail 44 are fixed on the output seat 77, and the rotation of the output seat drives the track plate 60 and the guide rail 44 to rotate synchronously. In another embodiment, the guide rail 44 can also be fixed on the track plate 60.

[0041] The automatic transmission works in a low gear. When the pedal is stepped on quickly, the input shaft 1 rotates quickly, driving the spline shaft 5 to rotate quickly through the transmission mechanism, thereby driving the driving gear, the driven gear, the ratchet telescopic mechanism, the arc plate 75 and the output seat 77 to rotate. When the speed of the output seat 77 is slightly greater than the set speed of the higher gear, the two centrifugal transmission components perform centrifugal motion. The two groups of power blocks 14 move outward along the track plate 60 under the action of centrifugal force to compress the spring IV 74, and the power block 14 drives the transmission plate 47 to move outward, and the roller I 54 pushes the moving rod 46 to move axially to the left, and the moving rod 46 pulls the transmission sleeve 29 to move left. When the transmission sleeve 29 moves to the left, the ratchet seat 88 cannot move to the left synchronously with the transmission sleeve 29 due to inertia, but moves to the right relative to the transmission sleeve 29, the spring II 13 is compressed, and the roller 27 of the ratchet mechanism is lifted along the right inclined surface of the recess 64 on the transmission sleeve 29 and then continues to move to the right along the horizontal section, and the movement of the connecting rod mechanism 2 drives the ratchet I 23 to retract into the ratchet seat 88 and separate from the meshing driven gear ratchet ring 87, and at the same time, the ratchet I 23 compresses the spring III 25 through the spring seat 59; when the transmission sleeve 29 is about to reach the position of the higher gear, the moving speed will gradually increase. The ratchet seat 88 is acted upon by the thrust and inertia of the spring Ⅱ13, and the roller 27 moves to the left in the horizontal section on the right side of the recess 64 of the transmission sleeve 29. When the roller 27 moves to the top edge on the right side of the recess 64 of the transmission sleeve, the ratchet I23 has already axially entered the meshing area of ​​the ratchet II50 of the first gear. Since the roller 27 is still in the horizontal section on the right side of the recess 64 of the transmission sleeve, the ratchet I23 has not extended outward. When the roller 27 continues to move leftward into the center position of the recess 64 of the transmission sleeve, the ratchet seat 88 drives the ratchet I23 to move leftward while the connecting rod mechanism 2 moves, and engages with the driven gear of the first gear. The axial position of the ratchet ring 87 of the gear is aligned; at the same time, the ratchet I23 extends outward under the push of the spring III25. When the large diameter point 92 of the ratchet ring 87 of the first gear matches with the ratchet I23, the ratchet I23 extends outward smoothly, and power transmission can be achieved; if the small diameter point 91 of the ratchet II50 matches with the ratchet I23 at this time, the ratchet I23 extends outward a little and then is restricted; when the speed of the ratchet ring 87 of the first gear is greater than the speed of the ratchet seat 88, the ratchet I23 slides backward along the ratchet inclined surface of the ratchet II50 to the large diameter point 92, and at the same time, the ratchet I23 extends outward under the push of the spring III25. , forming a coordinated power transmission; if the speed of the ratchet ring 87 of the first gear is less than the speed of the ratchet seat 88 at this time, the ratchet I23 is compressed obliquely by the ratchet II50, and the ratchet I23 compresses the spring III25. When the ratchet seat 88 continues to rotate, the spring III25 and the ratchet I23 are repeatedly compressed and returned until the pedal is stepped on to make the speed of the ratchet ring 87 of the first gear driven gear greater than the speed of the ratchet seat 88, and the ratchet ring 87 drives the ratchet seat 88 to transmit torque; the speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the bicycle will travel at the set speed of the first gear. When the roller 27 on the ratchet seat 88 is in a balanced position, the spring I28 and the spring II13 have appropriate prestress.

[0042] The automatic transmission is working in a certain high gear. When the speed of the output seat 77 is slightly lower than the set speed of the lower gear, the two groups of springs IV 74 push the power block 14 to move along the track plate 60 toward the support shaft 51. The power block 14 drives the transmission plate 47 to move. The roller II 53 pushes the moving rod 46 to move axially to the right. The moving rod 46 pushes the transmission sleeve 29 to move axially to the right. When the transmission sleeve 29 moves to the right, the ratchet seat 88 cannot move to the right synchronously with the transmission sleeve 29 due to inertia, but moves to the left relative to the transmission sleeve 29. The spring I 28 is compressed, and the roller 27 of the ratchet mechanism moves up along the left inclined surface of the recess 64 on the transmission sleeve 29 and then continues to move to the left along the horizontal section. The movement of the connecting rod mechanism 2 drives the ratchet I 23 to retract into the ratchet seat 88 and separate from the ratchet ring 87 of the meshing driven gear. At the same time, the ratchet I 23 pushes the spring seat 59 to compress the spring III 25. When the transmission sleeve is about to reach the lower gear position for deceleration, the ratchet seat 8 8 Under the thrust and inertia of the spring I28, the roller 27 moves rightward in the horizontal section on the left side of the transmission sleeve recess 64. When the roller 27 moves to the top edge of the left side of the transmission sleeve recess 64, the ratchet I23 has already slightly entered the meshing area of ​​the ratchet II50 axially. Since the roller 27 is still in the horizontal section on the left side of the transmission sleeve recess 64, the ratchet I23 has not extended outward. When the roller 27 continues to move rightward into the center position of the transmission sleeve recess 64, the ratchet seat 88 drives the ratchet I23 to move rightward while the connecting rod mechanism 2 moves, and the axial position of the ratchet II50 of the low-gear driven gear is aligned. At the same time, the ratchet I23 extends outward under the push of the spring III25. When the large diameter point 92 of the ratchet II50 of the lower gear cooperates with the ratchet I23, the ratchet I23 extends outward smoothly, and power transmission can be achieved; if the small diameter point 91 of the ratchet II50 cooperates with the ratchet I23 at this time, the ratchet I23 extends outward a small amount and then is limited; when the speed of the ratchet ring 87 of the lower gear is greater than the speed of the ratchet seat 88, the ratchet I23 slides backward along the ratchet inclined surface of the ratchet II50 to the large diameter point 92, and at the same time, the ratchet I23 extends outward under the push of the spring III25, forming a coordinated power transmission; if this At this time, the rotation speed of the ratchet ring 87 of the low gear is lower than the rotation speed of the ratchet seat 88, and the ratchet I23 slides forward on the ratchet inclined surface of the ratchet II 50 and is compressed. The ratchet I23 pushes the spring seat 59 to compress the spring III 25. When the ratchet seat 88 continues to rotate, the spring III 25 and the ratchet I23 are repeatedly compressed and returned until the pedal is stepped on to make the rotation speed of the ratchet ring 87 of the low gear driven gear greater than the ratchet seat 88. The ratchet ring 87 drives the ratchet seat 88 to transmit torque; the speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the bicycle will travel at the set low gear speed.

[0043] In this embodiment, the horizontal portion 89, the inclined portion 90 and the connecting portion 93 are integrally arranged. In another embodiment, the horizontal portion 89, the inclined portion 90 and the connecting portion 93 may also be connected by fastener fixation, welding fixation, etc.

[0044] In this embodiment, the right end face of each gear driven gear is provided with a bearing inner ring, and the left end face is provided with a bearing outer ring. The driven gears of each gear are installed and matched through the bearing inner ring, bearing outer ring and roller bearing to achieve rotational positioning. When the driven gear meshes and rotates with the driving gear, the driven gears rotate according to their respective transmission ratios.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the function of the displacement transmission assembly 20 is that the arc plate 75 moves left or right with the bracket I 65 and drives the output seat 77 to rotate synchronously in the circumferential direction. In this embodiment, the number of displacement transmission assemblies 20 includes more than two, and each displacement transmission assembly 20 includes an axial groove 62 and a transmission bearing 57 fixed on the arc plate 75 through a pin shaft, the axial groove 62 is provided on the output seat 77, and the transmission bearing 57 is axially slidably arranged in the axial groove 62. In another embodiment, the displacement transmission assembly 20 includes an axial groove 62 and a protrusion fixed on the output seat 77 and axially slidably arranged in the axial groove 62, and the axial groove 62 is provided on the arc plate 75. In other embodiments, the displacement transmission assembly 20 is other structures that can prevent the output seat 77 from axially moving when the arc plate 75 moves left or right with the return plate 68, the moving rod 46 and the bracket I 65, and can drive the output seat 77 to rotate circumferentially when the arc plate 75 rotates circumferentially. In this embodiment, the length of the axial groove 62 meets the displacement requirements of the transmission bearing 57 installed on the 1st to 5th baffle arc plates 75.

[0046] In this embodiment, both sides of the driven gear set 12 are fixed to the housing II 43 and the output seat 77 respectively through needle bearings.

[0047] In this embodiment, two centrifugal transmission components are symmetrically arranged with the support shaft 51 as the center. Two holes are opened on the output seat 77, and the eight ends of the four guide rails 44 are fixedly connected to the hole wall surface of the output seat 77; in another embodiment, the eight ends of the four guide rails 44 can also be connected to other parts of the output seat 77; two sets of transmission plates 47 pass through the openings of the output seat 77 and are respectively installed in the middle of the two guide rails 44 in reverse.

[0048] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the driving gear set 11 includes, from left to right, a 5th gear driving gear 15, a 4th gear driving gear 16, a 3rd gear driving gear 17, a 2nd gear driving gear 18 and a 1st gear driving gear 19, and the driven gear set 12 includes, from left to right, a 5th gear driven gear 36, a 4th gear driven gear 37, a 3rd gear driven gear 38, a 2nd gear driven gear 39 and a 1st gear driven gear 40 corresponding to the driving gear set 11. In another embodiment, the number of driving gears included in the driving gear set 11 is other, and the number of driven gears included in the driven gear set 12 is other, and the principle is similar.

[0049] Furthermore, if Figure 1 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the output end is also provided with a gear stabilizing component, which includes a downshift stabilizing component and an upshift stabilizing component; the downshift stabilizing component includes a torsion spring Ⅰ81, a torsion spring Ⅱ79, a positioning seat Ⅰ82, a positioning seat Ⅱ78, a limiting hole Ⅱ21 and two or more limiting holes Ⅰ85 provided on the output seat 77, the limiting hole Ⅱ21 is provided on the arc plate 75, the torsion spring Ⅰ81 is fixed on the positioning seat Ⅰ82 and corresponds to the limiting hole Ⅰ85, the torsion spring Ⅱ79 is fixed on the positioning seat Ⅱ78 and corresponds to the limiting hole Ⅱ21, the positioning seat Ⅰ82 is fixed on the output seat 77, and the positioning seat Ⅱ78 is fixed on the arc plate 75; the upshift The stabilizing assembly includes a torsion spring III83, a torsion spring IV80, a positioning seat III84, a positioning seat IV42, a limiting hole IV41, and two or more limiting holes III31 provided on the output seat 77. The limiting hole IV41 is provided on the arc plate 75. The torsion spring III83 is fixed on the positioning seat III84 and corresponds to the limiting hole III31. The torsion spring IV80 is fixed on the positioning seat IV42 and corresponds to the limiting hole IV41. The positioning seat III84 is fixed on the output seat 77. The positioning seat IV42 is fixed on the arc plate 75. The torsion spring I81 is installed in the opposite direction to the torsion spring III83. The torsion spring II79 is installed in the opposite direction to the torsion spring IV80. The torsion spring I81 is in partial contact with the torsion spring II79. The torsion spring III83 is in partial contact with the spring IV80. The function of the gear stabilizing assembly is to make the output seat 77 within a certain set speed range, and the shaftless automatic transmission can stably work in a certain gear and keep the gear relatively stable, that is, the ratchet I 23 is kept in meshing with the ratchet ring 87 of the driven gear of a certain gear. In this embodiment, three sets of gear stabilizing assemblies are arranged at corresponding positions of the outer side of the arc plate 75 and the inner side of the output seat 77 at a circumferential interval of 120°.

[0050] The gear stabilization assembly includes more than one group. In this embodiment, Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, there are 3 groups of gear stabilizing components, and the 3 groups of gear stabilizing components are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, there are four limit holes Ⅰ85 and four limit holes Ⅲ31, four torsion springs Ⅰ81 and four torsion springs Ⅲ83, one limit hole Ⅱ21 and one limit hole Ⅳ41, and one torsion spring Ⅱ79 and one torsion spring Ⅳ80. Figure 8 , Fig. 9The middle limit hole II21 and the limit hole IV41 are located at the dotted line position of the spring II79 and the spring IV80 when the dotted line position is the 2nd gear, and the spring II79 and the spring IV80 are located at the dotted line position of the spring II79 and the spring IV80 when the 2nd gear. Figure 8 There is no torsion spring I81 and no limit hole I85 at the middle 1st gear position. The torsion spring I81 and the limit hole I85 are located at the 2nd gear, 3rd gear, 4th gear and 5th gear positions from right to left. Fig. 9 There is no torsion spring III83 and no limit hole III31 in the 5th gear position. The torsion spring III83 and the limit hole III31 are respectively located at the 1st gear, 2nd gear, 3rd gear and 4th gear positions from right to left. When the torsion spring II79 is located at the 2nd gear, 3rd gear, 4th gear and 5th gear positions, the contact part of the torsion spring II79 is always on the left side of the torsion spring I81 of each gear. Figure 8 The position relationship between the dotted line position of the middle torsion spring II 79 and the position of the 2nd gear torsion spring I 81; when the torsion spring IV 80 is located at the 1st gear, 2nd gear, 3rd gear and 4th gear positions, the contact part of the torsion spring IV 80 is always on the right side of the torsion spring III 83 of each gear, such as Fig. 9 The positional relationship between the dotted torsion spring IV80 for 1st and 2nd gears and the torsion spring III83 for 1st and 2nd gears.

[0051] In other embodiments, the number of the driving gear, the driven gear, the downshift stabilizing assembly, the upshift stabilizing assembly, the limiting hole I85, the limiting hole II21, the limiting hole III31, the limiting hole IV41, the torsion spring I81, the torsion spring II79, the torsion spring III83 and the torsion spring IV80 can also be other numbers that match the number of the driving and driven gears. In this embodiment, the corresponding ratchet rings 87 on the 5th gear driven gear 36, the 4th gear driven gear 37, the 3rd gear driven gear 38, the 2nd gear driven gear 39 and the 1st gear driven gear 40 are respectively the 5th gear ratchet ring, the 4th gear ratchet ring, the 3rd gear ratchet ring, the 2nd gear ratchet ring and the 1st gear ratchet ring, and the parameters and structures are the same, such as Figure 4 .

[0052] In the present invention, there are multiple ratchet teeth II 50 on the ratchet ring 87, the small diameter point 91 of the ratchet ring 87 refers to the position where the ratchet surface of the ratchet tooth II 50 is closest to the center of the ratchet ring 87; the large diameter point 92 of the ratchet ring 87 refers to the position where the ratchet surface of the ratchet tooth II 50 is farthest from the center of the ratchet ring 87.

[0053] Furthermore, if Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a return plate 68 fixed to the moving rod 46 and the arc plate 75, and a spring V48 is arranged between the return plate 68 and the output seat 77. The two ends of the spring V48 are respectively in contact with the return plate 68 and the inner end surface of the output seat 77. The function of the spring V48 is to cooperate with the transmission plate 47 and the roller II 53 to push the ratchet telescopic mechanism to return to the right in time under the set conditions, and push the shift mechanism to the set gear position. When the shift system is in the 1st gear position, the spring V48 has an appropriate preload.

[0054] In this embodiment, the return plate 68 is sleeved on the support shaft 51, and a ball I 52 is arranged between the return plate 68 and the support shaft 51. The function of the ball I 52 is to reduce the friction between the return plate 68 and the support shaft 51. Further, as a preferred solution, three groups of balls are arranged between the return plate 68 and the support shaft 51, and each group has one ball I 52; the arrangement is the same as the ball II 32; in other embodiments, the ball I 52 can also be other groups, and each group of balls can also have more than 2 balls.

[0055] Furthermore, in this embodiment, if Figure 1 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 5 As shown, a track groove 49 is provided on the track plate 60, and the power block 14 is slidably arranged in the track groove 49. Rollers III 55 and IV 56 are rotatably fixed on both sides of the transmission plate 47. Guide rails 44 with guide grooves 45 are provided on both sides of the transmission plate 47, and rollers III 55 and IV 56 are slidably arranged in the corresponding guide grooves 45. There are 4 guide rails 44 in total, and the 8 ends of the guide rails 44 are welded and fixed to the end faces of the openings on the output seat 77. The purpose of this arrangement is to save processing costs, ensure the structural strength of the shaftless automatic transmission, and ensure the correct running tracks of the power block 14 and the transmission plate 47 without affecting the movement of the moving rod 46. In another embodiment, the power block 14 can be slidably arranged on the track plate 60 by other means, and the transmission plate 47 can be slidably arranged on the guide rail 44 by other means.

[0056] Furthermore, if Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the transmission mechanism includes a transmission shaft 69 and an input shaft 1 and a spline shaft 5 respectively arranged at both ends of the transmission shaft 69, and the input shaft 1 and the spline shaft 5 are parallel; the two ends of the transmission shaft 69 are respectively fixed with gears II6 and III66 through splines, and the input shaft 1 is fixed with gears I3 meshing with gears II6 through splines, and the spline shaft 5 is fixed with gears IV61 meshing with gears III66 through splines. The function of the transmission mechanism is to transmit the power of the input shaft 1 to the spline shaft 5, so that the driving gear set 11 on the spline shaft 5 rotates. Further, the input shaft 1 and the spline shaft 5 are both provided with a support seat 7 through a bearing sleeve. The support seat 7 is used to support the transmission shaft 69. In another embodiment, the transmission mechanism can also be other transmission mechanisms that can drive the spline shaft 5 to rotate when the input shaft 1 rotates.

[0057] Furthermore, the transmission sleeve 29 of the ratchet telescopic mechanism is sleeved on the support shaft 51, and a ball II 32 is arranged between the transmission sleeve 29 and the support shaft 51. In this embodiment, three groups of balls II 32 are arranged at intervals of 120 degrees, and each group of balls II 32 includes more than two balls.

[0058] In this embodiment, spring I28, spring II13, spring III25, spring IV74 and spring V48 are all conical springs. In other embodiments, spring I28, spring II13, spring III25, spring IV74 and spring V48 may also be other types of springs having the same function as the conical spring in the present invention.

[0059] Furthermore, in this embodiment, in order to save space and reduce the volume of the entire automatic transmission, the housing includes housing I10 for mounting the input shaft 1, gear I3 and gear II6, and housing II43 for mounting and fixing the driving and driven gears and the shifting mechanism.

[0060] In order to ensure that the ratchet I23 first axially enters the ratchet ring 87 of a gear to be paired with when shifting, and the roller 27 then moves towards the recess at the highest position on the left or right side of the recess 64, under the premise of ensuring that the three groups of ratchet I23 meet the contact strength requirements and the inclined angle of the recess 64 remains unchanged, the overhanging length of the ratchet I23 can be appropriately shortened, that is, by reducing the depth of the recess 64, the width of the recess 64 is reduced, and the overhanging position of the ratchet I23 is delayed; it is also possible to appropriately increase the ratio of the lever 26 on the left side of the pin shaft and the lever 26 on the right side of the pin shaft, so as to reduce the depth of the recess 64 and reduce the width of the recess 64, so as to delay the overhanging position of the ratchet I23, under the premise of ensuring that all functions of the connecting rod are realized.

[0061] The working principle of the overall shaftless automatic transmission in this embodiment is as follows;

[0062] The shift mechanism consists of: spring IV74, power block 14, transmission plate 47, guide rail 44, roller II53, roller I54, roller III55, roller IV56, moving rod 46, arc plate 75, each of 2 groups, transmission bearing 57 and torsion spring I81, torsion spring II79, torsion spring III83, torsion spring IV80, each of 3 groups, return plate 68, spring V48, transmission sleeve 29 and ratchet seat 88 and components, spring I28, spring II13, bracket I65 and bracket II67, each of 1 group. The spring IV74 has an appropriate preload force at the initial position. When the output seat 77 stops rotating, the spring IV74 can push the power block 14 back to the initial position. The power block 14 is connected to the transmission plate 47 by welding or other methods. The transmission plate 47 is fixed to the rollers I54, II53, III55 and IV56 by a pin. The rollers I54 and II53 are dynamically matched with the moving rod 46 through the grooves on the wheels and the appropriate spacing. The rollers I54 and II53 are fixed to the side of the transmission plate 47 by a pin. The rollers III55 and IV56 are dynamically matched with the guide groove 45. The rollers III55 and IV56 are installed on the transmission plate 47 by a pin. In the groove of the moving plate, the return plate 68 and the transmission sleeve 29 are dynamically matched with the support shaft 51 through three groups of balls, and can realize rotation and axial movement. The spring V48 is elastically installed between the return plate 68 and the output seat 77. Two groups of moving rods 46 and two arc-shaped plates 75 are fixedly installed between the return plate 68 and the bracket I65. The bracket I65 and the bracket II67 are sleeved on the left and right ends of the transmission sleeve 29, and the retaining ring is positioned. The transmission sleeve 29 and the ratchet seat 88 are matched with the sliding groove through the sliding key 30, and are connected through the ball 33 to realize circumferential positioning, and then the ratchet seat 88 is elastically positioned in the axial direction through the spring I28 and spring II13 fixed on the ratchet seat 88.

[0063] like Fig. 9 , Figure 8Working mode of the upshift stabilization component: when the speed of the ratchet seat 88 is higher than the set speed of the higher gear, the centrifugal force of the power block 14 is greater than the elastic force of the spring IV74, the power block 14 compresses the spring IV74, the power block 14 moves away from the support shaft 51, the power block 14 drives the transmission plate 47 to push the shifting mechanism such as the moving rod 46 and the arc plate 75 to move left through the roller I54, the torsion spring IV80 on the arc plate is blocked by the torsion spring III83, the axial component of the centrifugal force of the two groups of power blocks 14 can overcome the blockage of the three groups of torsion springs III83 and compress the spring V48, the torsion spring IV80 relies on the hole wall of the limit hole IV41 to support The torsion spring Ⅲ83 is supported and rotated around the mounting pin at a certain angle clockwise. The torsion spring Ⅳ80 passes through the torsion spring Ⅲ83 and enters the higher gear area. The torsion spring Ⅲ83 immediately returns to fit the wall of the limiting hole Ⅲ31. Before the displacement is about to be completed, the torsion spring Ⅱ79 meets the torsion spring Ⅰ81. The torsion spring Ⅰ81 is supported by the wall of the limiting hole Ⅰ85 and pushes the torsion spring Ⅱ79 to rotate around the mounting pin at a certain angle clockwise. The torsion spring Ⅱ79 enters the left side of the torsion spring Ⅰ81 and stops after a small displacement. The torsion spring Ⅱ79 immediately returns to fit the wall of the limiting hole Ⅱ21. The upshift stabilization assembly completes one upshift.

[0064] Working process of downshift stabilization assembly: when the speed of ratchet seat 88 is slightly lower than the set speed of the lower gear, the elastic force of spring IV74 is greater than the centrifugal force of power block 14, spring IV74 pushes power block 14 to move toward support shaft 51, power block 14 drives transmission plate 47, roller II53 cooperates with spring V48 to push shifting mechanism such as moving rod 46 and arc plate to move right, torsion spring II79 on arc plate is blocked by torsion spring I81, the thrust force of two groups of spring IV74 in axial direction cooperates with spring V48 to overcome the blockage of three groups of torsion spring I81, torsion spring II79 relies on the hole wall of limit hole II21 for support, and pushes The dynamic torsion spring I81 rotates counterclockwise around the mounting pin at a certain angle, and the torsion spring II79 passes through the torsion spring I81 and enters the lower gear area, and the torsion spring I81 immediately returns to fit the wall of the limiting hole I85; just before the displacement is completed, the torsion spring IV80 encounters the torsion spring III83, and the torsion spring III83 is supported by the wall of the limiting hole III31, pushing the torsion spring IV80 to rotate counterclockwise around the mounting pin at a certain angle, and the torsion spring IV80 passes through the torsion spring III83 and moves a small amount to the right and then stops, and the torsion spring IV80 immediately returns to fit the wall of the limiting hole IV41, and the downshift stabilization assembly completes a downshift.

[0065] In order to reduce the reverse movement resistance of torsion spring II 79 and torsion spring IV 80, the torsion of the three groups of torsion springs is set to be smaller than the torsion of the three groups of torsion springs I81 and torsion spring III 83. At the same time, in order to improve the "L" stiffness of torsion spring II 79 and torsion spring IV 80, a steel sheet with greater stiffness can be used to make the same shape as the "L" section of torsion spring II 79 and torsion spring IV 80, and the torsion spring and the steel sheet can be connected into one to meet the requirements of small torque and large stiffness of torsion spring II 79 and torsion spring IV 80, so as to rely on the hole walls of limiting hole II 21 and limiting hole IV 41 to push torsion spring I81 and torsion spring III 83 to rotate.

[0066] When the speed of the output seat 77 is not greater than the set speed of the higher gear, the centrifugal force of the power block 14 increases to compress the spring IV74, and the power block 14 moves away from the support shaft 51. The power block 14 drives the transmission plate 47 and the roller I54 to push the shifting mechanism such as the moving rod 46 and the arc plate 75 to the left and compress the spring V48. The torsion spring IV80 moves slightly to the left and contacts the torsion spring III83. At this time, the torsion spring IV80 cannot push the torsion spring III83 to rotate, and the ratchet I23 moves slightly to the left and is slightly misaligned with the meshing area of ​​the ratchet II50, which does not affect the transmission of torque by the ratchet I23 and the ratchet II50; when the speed of the output seat 77 is not lower than the set speed of the lower gear, the elastic force of the spring IV74 is greater than the centrifugal force of the power block 14. The spring IV74 pushes the power block 14 to move toward the support shaft 51, and the power block 14 drives the transmission plate 47 and the roller II53 to cooperate with the spring V48 to push the shifting mechanism such as the moving rod 46 and the arc plate 75 to move right. The torsion spring II79 moves rightward a little and contacts with the torsion spring I81. At this time, the torsion spring II79 cannot push the torsion spring I81 to rotate. The ratchet I23 moves rightward a little and is slightly misaligned axially with the meshing area of ​​the ratchet II50, which does not affect the torque transmitted by the ratchet I23 and the ratchet II50. Therefore, through the arrangement of the four groups of torsion springs, it can be ensured that the bicycle has a speed range in each gear, and the gear will not be shifted if the upper and lower speed limits of a certain gear are not exceeded, which creates conditions for the stable operation of the transmission. Another function of the gear stabilization component is: when the speed of the ratchet seat 88 is slightly greater than the set speed of the higher gear or slightly less than the set speed of the lower gear, the vector force of the power block 14, spring IV74 and spring V48 overcomes the obstruction of a certain gear torsion spring III83 or torsion spring I81, and drives the transmission sleeve 29 to move quickly to the left or right, creating conditions for the ratchet telescopic mechanism to produce a follow-up effect.

[0067] Force and motion analysis of ratchet telescopic mechanism: When the vector force of power block 14, spring IV74 and spring V48 drives the transmission sleeve 29 to move rapidly to the left or right, the ratchet seat 88 cannot move synchronously to the left or right with the transmission sleeve 29 due to inertia, but moves right or left relative to the transmission sleeve 29, and the roller 27 on the ratchet seat 88 is lifted along the right or left inclined surface of the recess 64 of the transmission sleeve 29 and continues to move right or left along the horizontal section to compress the spring II13 or spring I28. When the spring II13 or spring I28 is compressed to the set limit position, the ratchet seat 88 and the transmission sleeve 29 realize synchronous left or right movement; that is, the ratchet seat 88 simultaneously moves relative to the support shaft 5 1. Change of relative movement speed: When the roller 27 of the ratchet seat 88 is lifted along the right or left inclined surface of the recess 64 of the transmission sleeve 29, the ratchet seat 88 begins to have a movement trend to the left or right and begins to move to the left or right due to the force of the inclined surface on the ratchet seat 88. When the ratchet seat 88 continues to move to the right or left along the horizontal track to compress the spring II13 or the spring I28, the left or right movement speed of the ratchet seat 88 relative to the support shaft 51 gradually increases due to the continuous reaction force of the spring II13 or the spring I28. When the spring II13 or the spring I28 is compressed to the set limit position, the left or right movement speed of the ratchet seat 88 is equal to that of the transmission sleeve 29. Since the vector force of the power block 14, spring IV74 and spring V48 is the largest during the entire gear shifting process when it starts to separate from spring III83 or spring I81, and reaches 0 when the next gear is reached, the force balance is restored. Therefore, the transmission sleeve 29 is in a uniform deceleration movement process during the entire gear shifting process; when the ratchet seat 88 compresses the spring II13 or the spring I28 to the set limit position, the left or right movement speed of the ratchet seat 88 is equal to the left or right movement speed of the transmission sleeve 29, and then the ratchet seat 88 moves left or right relative to the transmission sleeve 29 and the support shaft 51 under the combined action of the thrust of the spring II13 or the spring I28 and the inertia force generated by the deceleration movement of the transmission sleeve 29, and the roller 27 on the ratchet seat 88 returns to the balance point. When the ratchet seat 88 is at the balance point, the spring II13 and the spring I28 have appropriate prestress, and at the same time, due to the resistance of the inclined surface of the recess 64 to the roller 27, the ratchet seat 88 is stabilized at the balance point to transmit torque.

[0068] During the process of downshifting, since the movement process is relatively long, if the ratchet seat 88 drives the roller 27 to return to the low point of the recess 64 during the deceleration movement of the transmission sleeve 29, the ratchet I23 extends outward. Since the transmission sleeve 29 is still moving, after the ratchet I23 extends outward, if it meets the large diameter point of the ratchet II50 of a certain gear to be passed through, the ratchet I23 will pass through the ratchet ring 87 of that gear; if the ratchet I23 meets the large diameter point of the non-ratchet II50, the ratchet I23 is blocked by the ratchet II50, and the ratchet seat 88 moves left again relative to the transmission sleeve 29, the roller 27 is lifted and moved left along the left inclined surface of the recess 64, and the ratchet I23 retracts into the ratchet seat 88 again. When the transmission sleeve 29 reaches a certain gear position, it stops moving, and the ratchet seat 88 returns to the balance point again. The ratchet I23 cooperates with the ratchet II50 of that gear to transmit torque.

[0069] 1. Gear transmission ratio calculation formula:

[0070] n 1 / n 2 =n 主 / n 被 =d 被 / d 主 =z 2 / z 1 =i

[0071] n 主 : Driving gear speed; n 被 : Rotating gear speed; d 主 : driving gear diameter; d 被 : driven gear diameter; z 2 : Number of teeth on the driven gear; z 1 : Number of teeth on the driving gear; i: Transmission ratio.

[0072] 2. Centrifugal force calculation formula:

[0073] F=mω2r

[0074] F: centrifugal force; m: mass of object; ω: angular velocity of object's circular motion; r: radius of object's circular motion.

[0075] 3. The calculation formula for the axial force generated by the elastic force of spring IV 74 or the centrifugal force of power block 14 on the moving rod 46 is:

[0076] tgθ=F 轴 ÷F

[0077] F 轴 =Ftgθ

[0078] θ: the angle between the moving rod 46 and the transmission plate 47; F 轴: The axial thrust generated by the centrifugal force of the power block 14 and the elastic force vector of the spring IV74 acting on the moving rod 46; F: The vector sum of the pulling force of the power block 14 and the thrust force of the spring IV74.

[0079] 4. F torsion spring torque calculation formula;

[0080] F=(Ed4)ψ / (3670nD)L

[0081] E: elastic modulus; d: wire diameter; ψ: torsion angle; n: effective number of turns; D: median diameter; L: torsion arm length.

[0082] The automatic transmission embodiment is as follows:

[0083] Upshift process

[0084] Start riding the bicycle, pedal to drive input shaft 1 to rotate, input shaft 1 drives gear I3 through splines, gear I3 meshes with gear II6, gear II6 drives transmission shaft 69 through splines, transmission shaft 69 drives gear III 66 through splines, gear III 66 meshes with gear IV 61, gear IV 61 is installed on spline shaft 5 through splines, spline shaft 5 drives 1st gear driving gear 19, 2nd gear driving gear 18, 3rd gear driving gear 17, 4th gear driving gear 16 and 5th gear driving gear 15 to rotate synchronously through splines, thereby driving 1st gear driven gear 40, 2nd gear driven gear 39, 3rd gear driven gear 38, 4th gear driven gear 37 and 5th gear driven gear 36 to rotate according to their respective transmission ratios; automatic transmission shifting system The system is in the 1st gear position before working, the ratchet I23 cooperates with the 1st gear driven gear 40 and the ratchet II 50, the ratchet I23 pushes the ratchet seat 88 through the ratchet sleeve 22, the ratchet seat 88 and the transmission sleeve 29 are connected by the ball 33 to achieve circumferential synchronous rotation, the transmission sleeve 29 and the bracket I65 are positioned by the sliding key and the groove connecting the snap ring, the bracket I65 drives the transmission bearing 57 installed on the arc plate 75 to cooperate with the axial groove 62 on the output seat 77 to drive the output seat 77 to rotate synchronously, and at the same time, the track plate 60 and the guide rail 44 fixed on the output seat 77 drive the centrifugal transmission mechanism 8 to rotate synchronously; the output seat 77 is externally splined to install the rear wheel of the bicycle, and the 1st gear driven gear 40 pushes the shifting system to drive the rear wheel to rotate, so as to achieve 1st gear driving.

[0085] When the automatic transmission is working in the 1st gear and needs to be shifted to the 2nd gear, the pedal is stepped on quickly to increase the speed of the input shaft 1. The ratchet II 50 of the 1st gear driven gear 40 cooperates with the ratchet I 23 to make the speed of the shift system reach a speed slightly higher than the set speed of the 2nd gear. The centrifugal forces of the two power blocks 14 compress the spring IV 74 and pull the corresponding transmission plate 47 respectively. The roller I 54 pushes the moving rod 46 to move left, and the spring V 48 is compressed through the return plate 68. The transmission bearing 57 and the torsion spring IV 80 installed on the arc plate 75 move left synchronously. The outer end of the torsion spring IV 80 relies on the limit The hole wall support of the position hole IV41 pushes the 1st gear torsion spring III83 to rotate clockwise around the installation pin for a certain angle. The 3rd group of torsion spring IV80 passes through the 3rd group of torsion spring III83 of the 1st gear, enters the 2nd gear area and continues to move left. When the ratchet I23 is about to align with the 2nd gear ratchet II50, the torsion spring II79 is blocked by the 2nd gear torsion spring I81. The torsion spring I81 is supported by the hole wall of the limiting hole I85, pushing the torsion spring II79 to rotate clockwise around the installation pin for a certain angle. The 3rd group of torsion spring II79 passes through the 3rd group of torsion spring I81 of the 2nd gear, moves a small amount to the left and then stops. Figure 8 , Fig. 9 The positions of torsion springs II 79 and IV 80 formed by the dotted line are the positions when the automatic transmission works in the 2nd gear. Before the gear shift, the speed of the output seat 77 is slightly higher than the set speed of the 2nd gear. The centrifugal force of the two power blocks 14 overcomes the elastic force of the two groups of springs IV 74, spring V 48, torsion spring IV 80 and torsion spring II 79 to enter the 2nd gear. At the same time, the gear shift system drives the transmission sleeve 29 to move left quickly. Since the ratchet seat 88 and the transmission sleeve 29 are connected and matched with the ball 33, when the transmission sleeve 29 moves left quickly, the ratchet seat 88 is affected by inertia and cannot move left quickly synchronously with the transmission sleeve 29, but moves right relative to the transmission sleeve 29. The spring II 13 installed on the right side of the ratchet seat 88 is compressed by the bracket II 67, and the roller 27 rolls rightward from the lowest point of the concave limit 64 to the highest point of the concave limit 64. Then it continues to move right, the roller 27 pushes the displacement rod 58 and the lever 26 to compress the torsion spring 63, and at the same time the lever 26 also pushes the ratchet I23 and the spring seat 59 to compress the spring III25 through the limit block 71, the ratchet I23 is completely retracted into the ratchet sleeve 22, and the top of the ratchet I23 is flush with the outer circle of the ratchet seat 88. When the ratchet seat 88 compresses the spring II13 to the limit position, the ratchet seat 88 moves to the left relative to the transmission sleeve 29 under the thrust and inertia of the spring II13. When the roller 27 reaches the top edge of the right inclined surface of the concave limit 64, the ratchet I23 has axially entered the second gear ratchet II50 by a small amount, and the spring II13 continues to push the ratchet seat 88 back to the balance point, that is, the roller 27 returns to the low point of the concave 64, and the lever 26 is pushed back to the initial position by the torsion spring 63. Figure 2 , when the large diameter point 92 of ratchet II 50 cooperates with ratchet I 23, that is: Figure 4The middle ratchet I23 is in the matching position of the ratchet II50, and the ratchet I23 smoothly extends out of the ratchet sleeve 22 to realize power transmission; when the small diameter point 91 of the ratchet II50 cooperates with the ratchet I23, it is restricted by the small diameter point of the second gear ratchet II50, and the ratchet I23 extends a small amount under the push of the spring III25, and then the top is restricted by the ratchet II50 and stops extending; when the speed of the second gear ratchet ring 87 is greater than the speed of the ratchet seat 88, the ratchet I23 will slide backward along the inclined surface of the ratchet II50 into the large diameter point 92 of the ratchet II50, and the spring III25 The ratchet I23 is pushed outward to cooperate with the large diameter point 92 of the ratchet II 50 to realize power transmission; when the 2nd gear ratchet ring 87 does not rotate or rotates at a speed lower than the ratchet seat 88, the ratchet I23 continues to slide forward along the inclined surface of the 2nd gear ratchet II 50, and the spring III 25 is repeatedly compressed and returned under the push of the ratchet I23 until the speed of the 2nd gear driven gear 39 is greater than the speed of the ratchet seat 88. The ratchet I23 cooperates with the 2nd gear ratchet II 50 to transmit power, the speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the 2nd gear speed.

[0086] When the automatic transmission is working in the 2nd gear and needs to be shifted to the 3rd gear, the pedal is quickly pressed to increase the speed of the input shaft 1. This shift-up process is similar to the above-mentioned automatic transmission working in the 1st gear and needs to be shifted to the 2nd gear, and the pedal is quickly pressed to increase the speed of the input shaft 1. Finally, the speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the 3rd gear speed.

[0087] When the automatic transmission is working in the 3rd gear and needs to shift to the 4th gear, the pedal is quickly pressed to increase the speed of the input shaft 1. This shift-up process is similar to the above-mentioned automatic transmission working in the 1st gear and needs to shift to the 2nd gear, and the pedal is quickly pressed to increase the speed of the input shaft 1. Finally, the speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the 4th gear speed.

[0088] When the automatic transmission is working in 4th gear and needs to shift to 5th gear, the pedal is quickly pressed to increase the speed of input shaft 1. This shift-up process is similar to the above-mentioned automatic transmission working in 1st gear and needs to shift to 2nd gear, the pedal is quickly pressed to increase the speed of input shaft 1. Finally, the speed of input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the 5th gear speed.

[0089] Downshift process

[0090] When the automatic transmission is running in the 5th gear and decelerates in case of a situation, and the speed of the shifting system is slightly less than the set speed of the 4th gear, the two groups of springs IV74 push the power block 14 to move along the track plate 60 toward the support shaft 51, and the power block 14 drives the transmission plate 47 to move. Since the moving rod 46, the return plate 68, the bracket I65 and the arc plate 75 are a whole, the transmission plate 47 pushes the shifting system to move right through the roller II53 and the spring V48. The three groups of transmission bearings 57 fixed on the arc plate 75 move axially to the right in the axial groove 62 set on the output seat 77 and rotate synchronously. The three groups of transmission bearings 57 fixed on the arc plate 75 move axially to the right in the axial groove 62 set on the output seat 77 and rotate synchronously. Torsion spring II 79 and torsion spring IV 80 move right synchronously. Torsion spring II 79 is supported by the wall of limit hole II 21, pushing 5th gear 3rd group torsion spring I81 to rotate counterclockwise around the mounting pin for a certain angle. Torsion spring II 79 enters the 4th gear area. At the same time, the transmission sleeve 29 moves rapidly to the right. The ratchet seat 88 cannot move right synchronously with the transmission sleeve 29 due to inertia, but moves left relative to the transmission sleeve 29. The ratchet seat 88 compresses the spring I28 and drives the roller 27 to move up along the left inclined surface of the recess 64 on the transmission sleeve 29 and then continue to move left. The movement of the connecting rod mechanism 2 drives the ratchet I23 to retract into the ratchet seat 88 and mesh with it. The 5th gear driven gear ratchet II50 is separated, and the ratchet I23 pushes the spring seat 59 to compress the spring III25; when the ratchet I23 is about to align with the 4th gear ratchet II50, the 4th gear torsion spring III83 installed on the output seat 77 is supported by the hole wall of the limiting hole III31, and pushes the torsion spring IV80 installed on the arc plate 75 to rotate counterclockwise around the mounting pin for a certain angle, and the three groups of torsion springs IV80 pass through the 4th gear and the three groups of torsion springs III83 and move right a little bit before stopping; when the ratchet seat 88 compresses the spring I28 to the limit position, the ratchet seat 88 is acted upon by the thrust and inertia of the spring I28, and the roller 27 is in the transmission The left horizontal section of the sleeve recess 64 moves right. When the roller 27 moves to the left top edge of the transmission sleeve recess 64, the ratchet I23 has axially entered the meshing area of ​​the 4th gear ratchet II50 by a small amount. Since the roller 27 is still in the left horizontal section of the transmission sleeve recess 64, the ratchet I23 does not extend outward. When the roller 27 continues to move right to reach the center position of the transmission sleeve 29 recess 64, the ratchet seat 88 drives the ratchet I23 to move right while the connecting rod mechanism 2 moves, and aligns with the axial position of the 4th gear driven gear ratchet II50. At the same time, the ratchet I23 extends outward under the push of the spring III25. When the large diameter point 92 of the 4th gear ratchet II50 cooperates with the ratchet I23, that is: Figure 4In the positions of ratchet I23 and ratchet II50 shown in the figure, ratchet I23 smoothly extends outwards, and power transmission can be realized; if at this time the small diameter point 91 of ratchet II50 cooperates with ratchet I23, ratchet I23 extends outwards a little and then is limited; when the speed of the 4th gear ratchet ring 87 is greater than the speed of the ratchet seat 88, the ratchet I23 slides backward along the ratchet inclined surface of ratchet II50 toward the large diameter point 92, and at the same time the ratchet I23 extends outwards under the push of spring III25, forming a coordinated power transmission; if at this time The 4th gear ratchet ring 87 does not rotate or its rotation speed is lower than that of the ratchet seat 88. The ratchet I23 is compressed when the ratchet of the ratchet II50 moves obliquely forward. When the ratchet seat 88 continues to rotate, the spring III25 and the ratchet I23 are repeatedly compressed and returned until the pedal is stepped on to make the rotation speed of the ratchet ring 87 of the 4th gear driven gear greater than that of the ratchet seat 88. The ratchet ring 87 drives the ratchet seat 88 to transmit power. The speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the 4th gear speed.

[0091] When the automatic transmission is running in the 5th gear and brakes are applied to slow down the vehicle in case of any circumstance, and the speed of the shifting system is slightly less than the set speed of the 3rd gear, the two groups of springs IV74 push the power block 14 to move along the track plate 60 toward the direction of the support shaft 51, and the power block 14 drives the transmission plate 47 to move. Since the moving rod 46, the arc plate 75, the return plate 68 and the bracket I65 are connected as a whole, the transmission plate 47 pushes the return plate 68 to move right through the roller II53 and the spring V48. The three groups of transmission bearings 57 fixed on the arc plate 75 move axially to the right in the axial groove 62 set on the output seat and rotate synchronously with the output seat 77. The three groups of torsion springs II79 and torsion spring IV80 installed on the arc plate 75 move right synchronously, and the downshift stabilization component: since the centrifugal force of the power block 14 is greatly reduced, the power block 14 and the spring IV74 The vector force of the spring V48 pushes the arc plate 75 and the torsion spring II 79, which contact the three groups of torsion springs I81 of the 5th gear and the 4th gear in turn, and push the torsion spring I81 to rotate counterclockwise in turn, and the torsion spring II 79 enters the 3rd gear area; upshift stabilizing assembly: stagger the time when the torsion spring II 79 of the downshift stabilizing assembly pushes the torsion spring I81, and use the vector force of the power block 14, spring IV 74 and spring V48 to push the arc plate 75 and the torsion spring IV 80, which contact the three groups of torsion spring III 83 of the 4th gear and the 3rd gear in turn, so that the torsion spring IV 80 rotates counterclockwise and passes through the three groups of spring III 83 of the 4th gear and the 3rd gear. The vector force of the power block 14, spring IV 74 and spring V48 reaches a balance again in the 3rd gear position, and the shifting system remains stable. The force analysis process of the other gears is the same.At the same time, the transmission sleeve 29 moves rapidly to the right, and the ratchet seat 88 cannot move to the right synchronously with the transmission sleeve 29 due to inertia, but moves to the left relative to the transmission sleeve 29. The ratchet seat 88 compresses the spring I28, and at the same time drives the roller 27 to lift up along the left inclined surface of the recess 64 on the transmission sleeve 29 and then continue to move to the left. The movement of the connecting rod mechanism 2 drives the ratchet I23 to retract into the ratchet seat 88 and separate from the meshing 5th gear driven gear ratchet II 50. At the same time, the ratchet I23 pushes the spring seat 59 to compress the spring III 25. When the ratchet I23 reaches the 4th gear position, the centrifugal force of the power block 14 is greatly reduced, and the gear shifting system moves to the right quickly. The ratchet seat 88 is in the horizontal section on the left side of the recess 64 of the transmission sleeve 29, and the spring I28 is in a compressed state. The ratchet I23 remains in the ratchet seat 88 and does not extend outward, and the ratchet I23 passes smoothly. 4th gear ratchet ring, when the ratchet seat 88 is about to reach the 3rd gear position, the ratchet seat 88 is acted upon by the spring I28 and inertia, and the roller 27 moves rightward in the horizontal section on the left side of the transmission sleeve recess 64. When the roller 27 moves to the top edge on the left side of the transmission sleeve recess 64, the ratchet I23 has axially entered the meshing area of ​​the ratchet II 50 a small amount. Since the roller 27 is still in the horizontal section on the left side of the transmission sleeve recess 64, the ratchet I23 has not extended outward. When the roller 27 continues to move right relative to the transmission sleeve 29 and enters the center position of the transmission sleeve recess 64, the ratchet seat 88 drives the ratchet I23 to move right while the connecting rod mechanism 2 moves, and is aligned with the axial position of the ratchet II 50 of the 3rd gear driven gear. At the same time, the ratchet I23 extends outward under the push of the spring III 25. When the large diameter point 92 of the 3rd gear ratchet II 50 cooperates with the ratchet I23, that is:. Figure 4 In the shown coordinated position of the ratchet I23 and the ratchet II50, the ratchet I23 smoothly extends outward, and power transmission can be realized; if at this time the small diameter point 91 of the ratchet II50 cooperates with the ratchet I23, the ratchet I23 extends outward a little and then is limited; when the speed of the third gear ratchet ring 87 is greater than the speed of the ratchet seat 88, the ratchet I23 slides backward along the ratchet inclined surface of the ratchet II50 toward the large diameter point 92, and at the same time the ratchet I23 extends outward under the push of the spring III25, forming a coordinated power transmission; if this When the 3rd gear ratchet ring 87 does not rotate or its rotation speed is lower than that of the ratchet seat 88, the ratchet I23 moves forward under pressure on the ratchet inclined surface of the ratchet II50. When the ratchet seat 88 continues to rotate, the spring III25 and the ratchet I23 are repeatedly compressed and returned until the pedal is stepped on to make the rotation speed of the ratchet ring 87 of the 3rd gear driven gear higher than that of the ratchet seat 88. The ratchet ring 87 drives the ratchet seat 88 to transmit torque. The speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the 3rd gear speed.

[0092] When the automatic transmission is running in the 5th gear and brakes are applied to decelerate the vehicle, and the speed of the shift system is slightly less than the set speed of the 2nd gear, the skip-step automatic shifting process is similar to the above-mentioned skip-step automatic shifting process when the automatic transmission is running in the 5th gear and brakes are applied to decelerate the vehicle, and the speed of the shift system is slightly less than the set speed of the 3rd gear. Finally, the speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the speed of the 2nd gear.

[0093] When the automatic transmission is running in the 5th gear and brakes are applied to decelerate the vehicle, and the speed of the gearshift system is slightly less than the set speed of the 1st gear or the speed is 0, the process of automatic downshifting is similar to the process of automatic downshifting when the automatic transmission is running in the 5th gear and brakes are applied to decelerate the vehicle, and the speed of the gearshift system is slightly less than the set speed of the 3rd gear; finally, the speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the speed of the 1st gear or stops.

[0094] When the automatic transmission is running in 4th gear and needs to decelerate when the vehicle is traveling, and the speed of the shift system is slightly less than the set speed of 3rd gear, the automatic downshift process is similar to the automatic downshift process mentioned above when the automatic transmission is running in 5th gear and needs to decelerate when the vehicle is traveling, and the speed of the shift system is slightly less than the set speed of 4th gear; finally, the speed of input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the speed of 3rd gear.

[0095] When the automatic transmission is running in the 4th gear and brakes are applied to decelerate the vehicle, and the speed of the shifting system is slightly less than the set speed of the 2nd gear, the skip-step automatic shifting process is similar to the skip-step automatic shifting process mentioned above when the automatic transmission is running in the 5th gear and brakes are applied to decelerate the vehicle, and the speed of the shifting system is slightly less than the set speed of the 3rd gear; the speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the speed of the 2nd gear.

[0096] When the automatic transmission is running in the 4th gear and brakes are applied to decelerate the vehicle, and the speed of the shift system is slightly less than the set speed of the 1st gear or the speed is 0, the skip-step automatic shifting process is similar to the skip-step automatic shifting process mentioned above when the automatic transmission is running in the 5th gear and brakes are applied to decelerate the vehicle, and the speed of the shift system is slightly less than the set speed of the 3rd gear; finally, the speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the speed of the 1st gear or stops.

[0097] When the automatic transmission is running in the 3rd gear and needs to decelerate, the gear shift system speed is slightly less than the set speed of the 2nd gear. This automatic downshifting process is similar to the automatic downshifting process mentioned above when the automatic transmission is running in the 5th gear and needs to decelerate, and the gear shift system speed is slightly less than the set speed of the 4th gear. Finally, the speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is 2 gear.

[0098] When the automatic transmission is running in the 3rd gear and brakes are applied to decelerate the vehicle, and the speed of the shift system is slightly less than the set speed of the 1st gear or the speed is 0, the skip-step automatic shifting process is similar to the skip-step automatic shifting process mentioned above when the automatic transmission is running in the 5th gear and brakes are applied to decelerate the vehicle, and the speed of the shift system is slightly less than the set speed of the 3rd gear; finally, the speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the speed of the 1st gear or stops.

[0099] When the automatic transmission is running in the 2nd gear and needs to decelerate when the vehicle is traveling, and the speed of the shift system is slightly less than the set speed of the 1st gear or the speed is 0, the automatic downshifting process is similar to the automatic downshifting process mentioned above when the automatic transmission is running in the 5th gear and needs to decelerate when the vehicle is traveling, and the speed of the shift system is slightly less than the set speed of the 4th gear; finally, the speed of the input shaft 1 remains unchanged, but the output speed of the automatic transmission is the speed of the 1st gear or stops.

[0100] The bicycle is running in various gears and stops in case of any situation. The spring IV74 and spring V48 push the shifting system to move in the same process as the previous gears are reduced to the first gear. Since the shifting system stops rotating, the ratchet I23 enters the first gear ratchet II50. When the ratchet I23 encounters any position of the ratchet ring 87, it stays in the ratchet ring 87 in a matched state, preparing for the upcoming or next driving.

[0101] suggestion:

[0102] 1. The machining accuracy of the inner and outer rings of bearing I35 determines the stability and reliability of the driven gear.

[0103] 2. The accuracy of the power block 14, the ratchet seat 88 mass and the elastic force of each spring is the key to achieving automatic shifting. It should be reconfigured when used in vehicles with different wheel diameters and uses.

[0104] 3. The gear shifting system should meet the dynamic balance test requirements.

[0105] 4. The elastic force or torque of each group of springs should be as small as possible while ensuring the function is achieved.

Claims

1. A ratchet telescopic mechanism for a shaftless automatic transmission, characterized in that: The invention comprises a ratchet seat (88), a ratchet mechanism and a transmission sleeve (29) penetrating the ratchet seat (88) and having a slide groove (30) and a recess (64) on the side surface thereof; the ratchet mechanism comprises a connecting rod mechanism (2) and a ratchet I (23) and a roller (27) respectively fixed at two ends of the connecting rod mechanism (2); the connecting rod mechanism (2) is movably arranged in the ratchet seat (88); the ratchet I (23) corresponds to the ratchet ring (87) of the transmission driven gear set (12); and the roller (27) is fixed to the two ends of the connecting rod mechanism (2). The wheel (27) corresponds to the recess (64); a bracket I (65) and a bracket II (67) are fixed to both ends of the transmission sleeve (29), a spring I (28) is arranged between the bracket I (65) and the ratchet seat (88), a spring II (13) is arranged between the bracket II (67) and the ratchet seat (88), and the spring I (28) and the spring II (13) are respectively fixedly connected to the ratchet seat (88); a spring III (25) is arranged at the lower end of the ratchet I (23).

2. The ratchet telescopic mechanism for a shaftless automatic transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: More than one group of rolling balls are arranged between the transmission sleeve (29) and the ratchet seat (88), and each group of rolling balls includes more than one rolling ball (33).

3. The ratchet telescopic mechanism for a shaftless automatic transmission according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The connecting rod mechanism (2) comprises a displacement rod (58), a lever (26) and a ratchet I (23) which are rotatably connected in sequence. The two ends of the displacement rod (58) are rotatably connected to the roller (27) and the lever (26) via a pin respectively. The lever (26) is rotatably fixed in a ratchet seat (88) via a pin and a torsion spring (63). A limiting groove (72) is provided on the ratchet I (23). A limiting block (71) which is slidably arranged in the limiting groove (72) is fixed on the lever (26). A spring seat (59) is provided between the ratchet I (23) and the spring III (25).

4. A shaftless automatic transmission, characterized in that: The invention comprises a ratchet telescopic mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, a housing, a support shaft (51) and a speed change mechanism arranged in the housing, wherein the speed change mechanism comprises an input end (4), a shifting gear, a centrifugal transmission mechanism (8) and an output end; the support shaft (51) is fixed in the housing through a bearing; the ratchet telescopic mechanism is sleeved on the support shaft (51); the input end (4) comprises a transmission mechanism having an input shaft (1) and a spline shaft (5); the shifting gear comprises a driving gear set (11) and a slave gear set having a ratchet ring (87); The driving gear set (12) comprises two or more driving gears fixed on the spline shaft (5) through splines, and the driven gear set (12) comprises two or more driven gears corresponding to the driving gears, and the driven gears are connected to each other through bearings I (35); the ratchet telescopic mechanism is arranged in the through hole; the centrifugal transmission mechanism (8) comprises two centrifugal transmission components in opposite directions, each centrifugal transmission component comprises a spring IV (74), a track plate (60), a power block (14), a transmission plate (4 7), a guide rail (44) and a moving rod (46), two ends of a spring IV (74) are respectively fixed to a power block (14) and a track plate (60), the power block (14) is fixedly connected to a transmission plate (47), the power block (14) is slidably arranged on the track plate (60), the transmission plate (47) is slidably arranged on the guide rail (44), a roller I (54) and a roller II (53) are fixed on the transmission plate (47), and the moving rod (46) includes a horizontal portion (89), an inclined portion (90) and a connection portion fixed to the bracket I (65). The output end comprises an output seat (77) and an arc-shaped plate (75) having one end fixed on the bracket I (65); the output seat (77) is fixed on the box body through a needle bearing; the arc-shaped plate (75) and the output seat (77) are slidably connected through a displacement transmission assembly (20) to achieve axial sliding and synchronous rotation between the arc-shaped plate (75) and the output seat (77); and the track plate (60) is fixed on the output seat (77).

5. The shaftless automatic transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of the displacement transmission assemblies (20) includes more than two, and each displacement transmission assembly (20) includes an axial groove (62) and a transmission bearing (57) fixed to the arc plate (75) via a pin shaft, the axial groove (62) being formed on the output seat (77), and the transmission bearing (57) being axially slidably disposed in the axial groove (62).

6. The shaftless automatic transmission according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The output end is also provided with more than two gear stabilizing components, each gear stabilizing component includes a downshift stabilizing component and an upshift stabilizing component; the downshift stabilizing component includes a torsion spring I (81), a torsion spring II (79), a positioning seat I (82), a positioning seat II (78), a limiting hole II (21), and more than two limiting holes I (85) provided on the output seat (77), the limiting hole II (21) being provided on the arc plate (75), the torsion spring I (81) being fixed on the positioning seat I (82) and corresponding to the limiting hole I (85), the torsion spring II (79) being fixed on the positioning seat II (78) and corresponding to the limiting hole II (21), the positioning seat I (82) being fixed on the output seat (77), and the positioning seat II (78) being fixed on the arc plate (75); the upshift stabilizing component includes a torsion spring I (81), a torsion spring II (79), a positioning seat I (82), a positioning seat II (78), a limiting hole II (21), and two or more limiting holes I (85) provided on the output seat (77), and the limiting hole II (21) being provided on the arc plate (75); The assembly comprises a torsion spring III (83), a torsion spring IV (80), a positioning seat III (84), a positioning seat IV (42), a limiting hole IV (41) and two or more limiting holes III (31) provided on an output seat (77), wherein the limiting hole IV (41) is provided on an arc plate (75), the torsion spring III (83) is fixed on the positioning seat III (84) and corresponds to the limiting hole III (31), the torsion spring IV (80) is fixed on the positioning seat IV (42) and corresponds to the limiting hole IV (41), the positioning seat III (84) is fixed on the output seat (77), and the positioning seat IV (42) is fixed on the arc plate (75); the torsion spring I (81) and the torsion spring III (83) are installed in opposite directions, and the torsion spring II (79) and the torsion spring IV (80) are installed in opposite directions.

7. The shaftless automatic transmission according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: It also includes a return plate (68) fixed to the moving rod (46) and the arc-shaped plate (75), and a spring V (48) is arranged between the return plate (68) and the output seat (77).

8. The shaftless automatic transmission according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a return plate (68) fixed to the moving rod (46) and the arc-shaped plate (75), and a spring V (48) is arranged between the return plate (68) and the output seat (77).

9. The shaftless automatic transmission according to claim 7, characterized in that: The return plate (68) is sleeved on the support shaft (51), and a ball I (52) is arranged between the return plate (68) and the support shaft (51).

10. The shaftless automatic transmission according to claim 8, characterized in that: The return plate (68) is sleeved on the support shaft (51), and a ball I (52) is arranged between the return plate (68) and the support shaft (51).

11. The shaftless automatic transmission according to claim 4, 5, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that: A track groove (49) is formed on the track plate (60), and the power block (14) is slidably arranged in the track groove (49). Rollers III (55) and rollers IV (56) are rotatably fixed on both sides of the transmission plate (47). Guide rails (44) with guide grooves (45) are arranged on both sides of the transmission plate (47), and rollers III (55) and rollers IV (56) are slidably arranged in corresponding guide grooves (45).

12. The shaftless automatic transmission according to claim 4, 5, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that: The transmission sleeve (29) is sleeved on the support shaft (51), and a ball II (32) is arranged between the transmission sleeve (29) and the support shaft (51).

Images