A counter-flow cooling tower with separate water and gas operation

Abstract

A counter-flow cooling tower in which water and air run separately. The filler is composed of numerous small funnels to increase the surface area. The water drops pass through the funnel-shaped water outlet holes from top to bottom to form small and dense new water drops. The air does not pass through the filler from bottom to top from the same hole as in a counter-flow tower, but runs obliquely upward along the space between the fillers. The shape and structure are similar to those of a counter-flow tower, but the operation mode is similar to that of a cross-flow tower. The difference is that the raindrops formed are dense and small, and there is no idle space in the middle of the cross-flow tower. This fundamentally solves the problems of large space, short-circuit of air volume and uneven water temperature in the cross-flow tower. It also solves the problems of low water density, large air resistance and mutual restriction of water and air in the counter-flow tower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of cooling towers, in particular to a counter-flow cooling tower in which water and gas run separately. Background Art

[0002] Cooling towers are devices that use air to remove heat from hot water. Currently, the most commonly used cooling towers are countercurrent and crossflow. Chemical systems mostly use mechanical forced ventilation measures, while power plants mostly rely on natural ventilation. The decisive factors for lowering the temperature are mainly the amount of air and fillers. Fillers can disperse liquid water, while increasing the surface area and reducing the speed of water flow, thereby extending the contact time with the air. Therefore, the more dispersed the water droplets in the cooling tower, the better the cooling effect. The slower the water flow or the speed of water droplets falling, the better the cooling effect. The greater the air flux, the better the cooling effect.

[0003] At present, the most efficient counterflow cooling tower packing is plate corrugated packing, which is a dense structure. It is a combination of many plate corrugated packing sheets bonded together to form a whole, so that dense corrugations and holes are formed inside the whole. In the plate corrugated packing, the water flows downward along the tortuous corrugations in the holes. The resistance caused by the corrugated gullies reduces the moving speed and prolongs the contact time with the air, thereby improving the cooling effect. It can be seen from this that the greater the density of the packing layer and the more corrugations, the better the effect of cooling the water. However, the air also passes through these pores, but it runs from bottom to top, in the opposite direction of the water flow. Then the problem comes, the tortuous and dense corrugated gullies also bring resistance to the air, thereby reducing the efficiency. The denser the corrugated gullies, the greater the resistance to the air, resulting in worse effect. In other words, the dispersion of water flow and air resistance are mutually restricted, and they cannot be improved at the same time. This is the key problem that the efficiency of the current counterflow tower cannot be improved. In addition, air and water both enter and exit from the same gap. The crisscrossing corrugations make the gap like a bottleneck. In the counterflow cooling tower's filler, the water mostly flows downward along the filler wall, rather than being dispersed in the air in the form of water droplets, which affects the cooling efficiency. The processing capacity of the cooling tower is proportional to the amount of air passing through it. In order to overcome the problem of large air resistance, the fan power has to be increased. However, since the channel is rigidly curved and corrugated to form many bottlenecks, increasing the fan power has little effect, but the power consumption has increased a lot. Some counterflow cooling towers also use a filler-free structure, but it cannot solve the problem of water droplets falling too fast, and the cooling effect is not ideal.

[0004] Cross-flow cooling towers mostly use drip film as filler, which is placed horizontally with holes on it. Water drips down in the form of raindrops, and it slows down every time it passes through the drip film. The air enters from the side and runs horizontally, and its air resistance is relatively small. Part of the water is dispersed into water droplets, and the other part is attached to the drip film in the form of a film. The dispersion is relatively better than that of the counter-flow cooling tower. However, there are three problems with the cross-flow tower that reduce its efficiency. The first is that the water droplets in the tower body are unevenly cold and hot. This is because the air always enters from the outside. The air is cold when it just enters the cooling tower, but the temperature increases as it runs inside, resulting in a better cooling effect of the water droplets on the outside of the cooling tower, while the cooling effect near the center is very poor. The second is that the cross-flow tower occupies a large space. This is because the large volume in the center has no filler or water droplets, but only an air channel, and the space is wasted. The third is air short-circuiting, that is, most of the air enters from the top of the tower body near the fan, and then is discharged from the tower body by the fan, while the amount of air entering from the bottom is very small, so that the cooling effect cannot be improved.

[0005] For many years, countries around the world have been working hard to research and produce ideal cooling towers with high temperature difference, high efficiency and low cost. They have made progress to varying degrees every year, but the results have not been very significant and the operating status of the cooling tower has not been fundamentally improved. The cross-flow tower still has problems such as large space, short-circuit of air volume and uneven water temperature. The counter-flow cooling tower also still has problems such as large water droplets, low density, large air resistance, and the problem of filler holes causing water and air to restrict each other. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems of upper air volume short circuit and uneven water temperature inside and outside in crossflow towers, and to solve the problems of low water density and large air resistance in counterflow cooling towers, the present invention provides a counterflow cooling tower in which water and gas run separately, characterized in that the filler is composed of dense small funnels to increase the surface area and is placed on an inclined surface; water droplets pass through the funnel-shaped water outlet holes from top to bottom to form small and dense new water droplets, and the air does not pass through the filler from the bottom to the top from the same hole as in a counterflow tower, but runs obliquely upward along the space between the fillers. The shape and structure are similar to those of a counterflow tower, but the operation mode is similar to that of a crossflow tower. The difference is that the raindrops formed are dense and small, and there is no idle space in the middle of the crossflow tower, which fundamentally solves the problems of large space, short air volume and uneven water temperature in the crossflow tower, and also solves the problems of low water density, large air resistance and mutual restriction of water and air in the counterflow tower through the filler holes.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this scheme to solve the technical problem is: its filler is composed of a combination of triangular hole funnel membrane, drip cornea and plate corrugated filler, wherein the triangular hole funnel membrane filler is composed of numerous small funnels and is placed along the inclined surface of the outer wall of the cooling tower, the drip cornea filler is placed in the corner of the cooling tower, and the plate corrugated filler is located in the center, the cross-sectional area of ​​the plate corrugated filler accounts for 1 / 9-1 / 15 of the total cross-sectional area, and it is surrounded by triangular hole funnel membrane.

[0008] The technical characteristics of the triangular hole funnel membrane are that it is composed of a lattice frame and an inclined short frame to form a lattice-type skeleton, the purpose of which is to support the strength of the membrane and at the same time have a water collecting function to prevent water from flowing downward along the long frame; the bottom of the lattice skeleton is a triangular liquid guide plate and a triangular water outlet hole 1-6; inside the triangular hole funnel membrane, the spacing between two adjacent long frames is 16mm-18mm, and the spacing between two adjacent inclined short frames is 14mm-15mm; the triangular hole funnel membrane is 2m-3m long, 0.8m-1.0m wide, and 3cm-6cm thick; the triangular hole funnel membrane assembly is placed in an inclined surface along the tower wall in the cooling tower, and the inclination direction is consistent with the direction of fan operation. The angle between the inclined surface and the horizontal plane is 36°-52°. If the angle is too large, the water flow may flow along the membrane and it is difficult to generate small water droplets. If the angle is too small, the resistance to air movement will increase. The cross-sectional shape of the inclined plane seen from the front view is like many small funnels, and the tip of the triangular liquid guide sheet points to the oblique downward direction, the purpose is to allow the water flow to smoothly pass through the film downward, and drip along the tip to become tiny water droplets, but air is more difficult to pass through the film. From the top view, the spacing between the two adjacent oblique short frames is no longer 16mm-18mm, but has been reduced to 14mm-15mm, so that the side length of each small square is 14mm-15mm from the top view, and the water droplets produced are dense and tiny. Multiple triangular hole funnel membranes are stacked up and down to form an integral module, and the distance between each layer of funnel membrane in the module is 200mm-300mm, fixed and strengthened, and fixed to the hanging beam by hanging rope with a hanging rod 5. The total length of each integral module is the side length of the cooling tower minus 2 times the side length of the drip cornea, the height is 1.2m-2m, and the width is 0.8m-1.0m (i.e. the width of the triangular hole funnel membrane). From a cost analysis perspective, since the distance between each triangular hole funnel membrane is 200mm-300mm, which is more than ten times larger than the distance between plate corrugated fillers, the overall module occupies less material, is light in weight, and has a low cost.

[0009] The drip cornea is named because it is placed at the corner of the cooling tower. It is a square plate with horizontal and vertical corrugations. The horizontal and vertical corrugations make the plate convex and concave, increasing the surface area. Circular air outlet holes are opened at the convex parts of the corrugations, and drip cornea water outlet holes are opened at the concave parts. The opening rate is 10%-25%. After the water flows through the tip of the triangle, the water droplets are small and can drip in time to avoid gathering on the plate surface to form scale; the side length of the drip cornea is 0.8m-1.0m, which is equal to the width of the triangular hole funnel membrane. It is placed horizontally with the top flush with the triangular hole funnel membrane. There are 1-4 layers with a layer height of 400mm; it is located at the starting and end of the triangular hole funnel membrane, that is, at the four corners of the cooling tower, and fixed to the hanging beam with a hanging rope. The drip cornea is set up to solve the problem of air being blocked by the tower wall when entering the edge of the triangular hole funnel membrane, and also to solve the problem of air colliding with the cooling tower wall when it reaches the end; the air can flow horizontally and smoothly in the drip cornea, and can also pass from bottom to top.

[0010] The arrangement of fillers, in this scheme, the counter-flow cooling tower with water and gas running separately is equipped with three kinds of fillers, namely, triangular hole funnel film, drip cornea and plate corrugated filler, among which the inclination direction of the triangular hole funnel film filler is consistent with the direction of fan operation; Figure 2 and Figure 3 The direction of the triangular hole funnel membrane is shown. It can be seen from the figure that the oblique lines seen from the east, west, south and north are all oblique lines from the lower left to the upper right. This placement is the result of the fan rotating counterclockwise; if the fan rotates clockwise, the placement direction is opposite, that is, the oblique lines seen from the east, west, south and north are all oblique lines from the lower right to the upper left; the reason for this requirement is that the rotation of the fan forces the air to move obliquely instead of vertically. If the inclination direction of the triangular hole funnel membrane is inconsistent with the direction of fan rotation, the air will flow back downward in the filler; but this condition is difficult to achieve in the center of the cooling tower. Therefore, this scheme arranges plate corrugated fillers in the center. Although the plate corrugated fillers here are more than hollow consumables and have greater air resistance, due to the small total usage, the overall cost is still low and the efficiency is high. The triangular hole funnel membrane integral filler and the drip cornea integral filler are distributed from 1-4 sections from the outside to the inside, and are set from 1-3 layers from the bottom to the top. The number is determined by the size of the cooling tower.

[0011] The water flows as follows: the water droplets sprayed from the nozzle become free-falling bodies, dripping on the triangular hole funnel membrane to form a water film, and the water film gathers along the funnel-shaped slopes to the tip of the triangular liquid guide sheet, forming small water droplets that fall to the next layer of the triangular hole funnel membrane by themselves, and then repeatedly form a new water film, and then gather and drip to the next layer. The tip of the triangular liquid guide sheet can make the water droplets smaller, and because the size of the square is very small, with a side length of only 14mm-15mm, the water droplets formed are small, uniform and dense, which is difficult to achieve with other fillers. The water droplets also drip vertically from top to bottom in the drip corneas at the four corners and in the corrugated filler at the center of the cooling tower cross section. Every time the water droplets pass through a layer of the triangular hole funnel membrane, they are redispersed and distributed to form new uniform, small and dense new water droplets. At the same time, the redistribution process slows down the speed of the water droplets, thereby increasing the temperature difference. When the water droplets fall on each section of the drip cornea, the formed water film gathers along the concave and convex small slopes to the triangular water outlet and then drips. When water drops onto the corrugated packing in the center, it zigzags downwards. The operation process is the same as that of ordinary packing, which will not be described in detail here. After the water passes downwards from the top layer of integral packing group, it enters the next layer of integral packing group, and finally drops into the collection pool in the form of small raindrops.

[0012] The air enters from the bottom of each section of the packing along the direction indicated by the air running arrow. In the triangular hole funnel membrane, its running mode is different from the countercurrent tower, which passes through the packing layer from bottom to top, nor does it move horizontally like in the crossflow tower. Instead, it runs obliquely upward along the gaps between the layers of the triangular hole funnel membrane composed of the inclined surface, making full contact with the small and dense water droplets to take away the heat, achieving the purpose of cooling; because the gaps between the layers of the triangular hole funnel membrane are large (200mm-300mm), the air runs smoothly, with large flow and high efficiency. When the air passes through the end of the triangular hole funnel membrane, it enters the drip cornea. In the drip cornea, most of the air turns left and enters the triangular hole funnel membrane placed on the other side of the tower wall, and then repeats the oblique upward operation. A small part of the air passes through the drip cornea vertically upward. In this way, the air generally rotates around the center of the tower body and runs upward. Its rotation direction is consistent with the rotation direction of the fan, and finally discharged from the tower body through the water collector fins. When running in each section of the drip cornea, the air passes upward from the circular air outlet. After passing upward from the bottom layer of the integral packing membrane, the air enters the upper layer of the integral packing group, and finally passes through the water collector fins and is discharged from the tower body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is the front view of the counter-flow cooling tower with water and gas running separately in this scheme without the tower wall;

[0014] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA section view, reflecting the setting of the packing;

[0015] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Packing arrangement diagram;

[0016] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the triangular hole funnel membrane structure. The upper part of the figure is a single-piece main cross-sectional view, and the lower part is a top view;

[0017] Figure 5 It is an enlarged section of the triangular hole funnel membrane structure;

[0018] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the structure of the drip cornea. The upper part of the diagram is a main cross-sectional view of a single piece of the drip cornea, and the lower part is a top view.

[0019] exist Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the middle, 1. triangular hole funnel membrane, 2. drip cornea, 3. air running arrow, 4. water drop, 5. hanging rod, 6. hanging rope, 7. hanging beam, 8. nozzle, 9. water collector fin;

[0020] exist Figure 2 Middle, 1-1. Outer segment triangular hole funnel membrane, 1-2. Middle segment triangular hole funnel membrane, 1-3. Inner segment triangular hole funnel membrane, 2-1. Outer segment drip cornea, 2-2. Middle segment drip cornea, 2-3. Inner segment drip cornea, 10. Plate corrugated filler;

[0021] exist Figure 4 and Figure 5 Middle: 1-4. Long frame, 1-5. Triangular liquid guide plate, 1-6. Triangular water outlet hole, 1-7. Oblique short frame;

[0022] exist Figure 6 Middle, 2-4. Corneal drip outlet, 2-5. Circular air outlet; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A counter-flow cooling tower in which water and gas flow separately, wherein the filler is composed of a triangular hole funnel membrane 1 combined with a drip cornea 2 and a plate corrugated filler 10, wherein the triangular hole funnel membrane 1 is composed of a large number of small funnels and is placed along the outer wall slope of the cooling tower, the drip cornea 2 is placed at the corner of the cooling tower, and the plate corrugated filler 10 is located in the center of the tower, accounting for 1 / 9-1 / 15 of the total volume, and is surrounded by the triangular hole funnel membrane 1. The technical characteristics of the triangular hole funnel membrane 1 are that a square frame is composed of a long frame 1-4 and an oblique short frame 1-7, and the bottom of the square frame is a triangular liquid guide sheet 1-5 and a triangular water outlet hole 1-6; the triangular hole funnel membrane 1 is 2m-3m long, 0.8m-1.0m wide, and 3cm-6cm thick; the triangular hole funnel membrane 1 assembly is placed along the tower wall in an inclined surface in the cooling tower, and the inclination direction is consistent with the direction of fan operation. The angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is 38°. The cross-sectional shape of the inclined plane after placement is like a funnel from the main view, and the tips of the triangular liquid guide plates 1-5 point obliquely downward; from the top view, the side length of each small square is 14mm-15mm. Multiple triangular hole funnel membranes 1 are stacked up and down to form an integral module. The distance between each layer of funnel membranes in the module is 220mm, and they are fixed to the hanging beam 7 by a hanging rod 5 through a hanging rope 6. The total length of each integral module is the side length of the cooling tower minus twice the side length of the drip cornea 2, with a height of 1.2m-2m and a width of 0.8m-1.0m.

[0025] The drip cornea 2 has a side length of 0.8m-1.0m and is a square plate with corrugations both horizontally and vertically. It is placed horizontally, with the top flush with the triangular hole funnel membrane 1. It has 1-4 layers with a layer height of 400mm. There are circular air outlet holes 2-5 in the convex parts of the corrugations, and drip cornea water outlet holes 2-4 in the concave parts. The opening rate is 12%-25%. It is located at the starting and ending ends of the triangular hole funnel membrane 1 and is fixed to the hanging beam 7 with a hanging rope 6. After the water flows through the tip of the triangle, the water droplets are small and can drip in time.

[0026] The triangular hole funnel membrane 1 integral filler and the drip cornea 2 integral filler are arranged in 3 groups inside and outside, and 2 layers are arranged in the upper and lower parts.

[0027] The water flows as follows: water droplets 4 sprayed from the nozzle 8 drip onto each section of the triangular hole funnel membrane 1, and then gather along the funnel-shaped small slopes to the tip of the triangular liquid guide sheet 1-5 to form small water droplets 4, which fall onto the next layer of the triangular hole funnel membrane 1 by themselves, and then repeatedly form a new water film, and then gather and drip onto the next layer; each time the water droplets 4 pass through a layer of the triangular hole funnel membrane 1, they are redispersed and distributed to form new uniformly small and dense new water droplets 4, and finally drip into the collection pool; when the water droplets 4 drip onto the drip cornea 2, the formed water film gathers along the concave-convex drip cornea 2 to the drip cornea water outlet holes 2-4, and then drips downward from the tip of the triangle, and the formed water droplets are small and dense.

[0028] The air moves from the bottom of each section of the filler along the air running arrow 3, and in the triangular hole funnel membrane 1, it runs diagonally upward along the gaps between the layers of membranes composed of the inclined surfaces, and fully contacts with the tiny and dense water droplets (4) to remove heat, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling; when part of the air passes through the end of the triangular hole funnel membrane 1, it enters the drip cornea 2, at which time the air turns left 90 degrees and enters the triangular hole funnel membrane 1 placed on the other side of the tower wall, and then repeats the diagonal upward movement, so that the air as a whole rotates upward around the plate corrugated filler 10 in the center of the tower body, and its rotation direction is consistent with the rotation direction of the fan; after the air passes upward from the bottom layer of the integral filler membrane, it enters the upper layer of the integral filler group, and finally passes through the water collector fins 9 to be discharged from the tower body.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] The arrangement of the filler is that the distance between each layer of the triangular hole funnel membrane 1 in the module is 260 mm, the integral filler and the drip cornea 2 integral filler are distributed in 4 groups inside and outside, and 2 layers are set up above and below, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

Claims

1. A counter-flow cooling tower in which water and gas run separately, characterized in that: The filler is composed of a triangular hole funnel membrane (1) combined with a drip cornea (2) and a plate corrugated filler (10), wherein the triangular hole funnel membrane (1) is composed of a plurality of small funnels and is placed along the outer wall slope of the cooling tower, the drip cornea (2) is placed at the corner of the cooling tower, and the plate corrugated filler (10) is located in the center of the tower, accounting for 1 / 9-1 / 15 of the total volume and surrounded by the triangular hole funnel membrane (1); the triangular hole funnel membrane (1) is composed of a long frame (1-4) and an inclined short frame ( 1-7) form a lattice frame, the bottom of the lattice frame is a triangular liquid guide sheet (1-5) and a triangular water outlet hole (1-6); the triangular hole funnel membrane (1) is 2m-3m long, 0.8m-1.0m wide, and 3cm-6cm thick; the triangular hole funnel membrane (1) is placed along the tower wall in an inclined plane in the cooling tower, the inclined direction is consistent with the direction of fan operation, the angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is 36°-52°, the tip of the triangular liquid guide sheet (1-5) points to In the oblique downward direction, from the top view, it can be seen that the side length of each small square is 14mm-15mm; multiple triangular hole funnel membranes (1) are stacked up and down to form an integral module, and the distance between each layer of funnel membranes in the module is 200mm-300mm, and they are fixed to the hanging beam (7) by a hanging rod (5) through a hanging rope (6); water droplets (4) sprayed from the nozzle (8) drip onto each section of the triangular hole funnel membrane (1), and then gather along the small slopes of the funnel shape to the triangular hole funnel membrane (1). A small water droplet (4) is formed at the tip of the triangular-shaped liquid guide sheet (1-5), and each time the water droplet (4) passes through a layer of the triangular-hole funnel membrane (1), it is redispersed and distributed to form a new uniform, small and dense new water droplet (4), which finally drips into the collection pool; when the water droplet (4) drips on the drip cornea (2), the formed water film is collected along the concave-convex drip cornea (2) to the drip cornea water outlet hole (2-4), and then drips downward from the tip of the triangle, and the formed water droplets are small and dense; The air moves from the bottom of each section of the filler along the air running arrow (3), and in the triangular hole funnel membrane (1), it moves obliquely upward along the gaps between the layers of membranes formed by the inclined surface, and fully contacts with the tiny and dense water droplets (4) to remove heat; when part of the air moves through the end of the triangular hole funnel membrane (1), it enters the drip cornea (2), at which time the air turns left 90 degrees and enters the triangular hole funnel membrane (1) placed on the other side of the tower wall, and then repeats the oblique upward movement, so that the air as a whole rotates upward around the plate corrugated filler (10) at the center of the tower body, and its rotation direction is consistent with the rotation direction of the fan; After passing upward from the integral packing membrane of the bottom layer, the air enters the integral packing group of the upper layer, and finally passes through the fins (9) of the water collector and is discharged from the tower body.

2. A counter-flow cooling tower with separate water and gas operation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip cornea (2) has a side length of 0.8m-1.0m and is a square plate with corrugations in both the horizontal and vertical directions. It is placed horizontally, with the top flush with the triangular hole funnel membrane (1). It has 1-4 layers and a layer height of 400mm. The convex part of the corrugation is a circular air outlet hole (2-5), and the concave part is a drip cornea water outlet hole (2-4). The opening rate is 12%-25%. It is located at the starting and ending points of the triangular hole funnel membrane (1) and is fixed to the hanging beam (7) by a hanging rope (6). After the water flows through the tip of the triangle, the water droplets are small and can drip in time.

3. A counter-flow cooling tower with separate water and gas operation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The triangular hole funnel membrane (1) integral filler and the drip cornea (2) integral filler are arranged in three groups inside and outside, and in two layers above and below.

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